CN113990535B - Integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and passive waste heat discharging system thereof - Google Patents
Integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and passive waste heat discharging system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113990535B CN113990535B CN202111165969.0A CN202111165969A CN113990535B CN 113990535 B CN113990535 B CN 113990535B CN 202111165969 A CN202111165969 A CN 202111165969A CN 113990535 B CN113990535 B CN 113990535B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/06—Control arrangements therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
- F28F9/06—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by dismountable joints
- F28F9/12—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by dismountable joints by flange-type connections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/243—Promoting flow of the coolant for liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/26—Promoting flow of the coolant by convection, e.g. using chimneys, using divergent channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
- F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
- F28F2009/226—Transversal partitions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and a passive waste heat discharge system thereof, wherein the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger comprises a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet and a fuel salt inlet and outlet, the coolant inlet and the fuel salt inlet and outlet are respectively provided with a double-layer pipe flange, the double-layer pipe flange comprises an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve and a flange plate, the end face of the inner sleeve is provided with an annular groove, the end face of the flange plate is provided with a clamping part and a locking part, and the clamping part is positioned on the radial inner side of the locking part. The coolant inlet and outlet and the fuel salt inlet and outlet are in butt joint with adjacent systems in a short-circuit mode, so that the length of a pipeline is reduced, the consumption of pipeline materials, fuel salt and coolant is saved, the system layout is compact, the overall economy and safety are improved, and the modular assembly is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of modularized heat transmission devices of small modularized molten salt stacks and special safety systems, in particular to an integrated molten salt heat exchanger and two sets of mutually independent completely passive waste heat discharging systems.
Background
The electric power of the small modular reactor is mostly below 300MWe, and the small modular reactor is built in an integrated layout and modularization mode, has higher safety and natural circulation capacity compared with a large reactor, and is convenient to operate and maintain. The concept of 'plug and play' is adopted to complete assembly in a manufacturing plant, so that the whole transportation is realized, the site construction period is shortened, the construction period is shortened to three years, and the method is a main development direction of the modern nuclear reactor technology. The small-sized modular molten salt reactor has two main characteristics: firstly, the meaning of small-sized is that the rated output power of a molten salt reactor is smaller than that of a large-sized nuclear power plant, and the meaning of the small-sized molten salt reactor is that the rated output power level of the reactor is about 10 MWe-300 MWe, so that the requirements of limited energy application in a region and free and flexible large-scale production matching can be met, and the organic matching with a small-sized power grid can be realized if necessary; in addition, "modular" refers to the fact that the supply of the desired energy product can be achieved after simple coupling of the fission energy generating module and the heat transfer system as well as the power generation system. The modular assembly of system components may be assembled from one or more sub-modules, and may also be assembled from one or more modular units into a large-scale power plant for use in producing electricity or other uses, depending on thermal parameter matching performance requirements. More importantly, the installation and deployment of the modules allows for flexible scheduling of the construction sequence, and modular installation and deployment allows for maximum manufacturing and assembly of equipment or components by the equipment assembly plant, and flexible adjustment of investment and lead times within a defined limited time.
The small modular stacks that have been implemented for use are mostly conventional pressurized water reactors such as the K-15 reactor for the french-gaku aircraft carrier, the KLT-40S reactor for the russian "Luo Mengnuo sofalc" floating nuclear power plant, etc. Future developments in small modular stacks are not limited to pressurized water stacks alone, but many advanced small stack designs are based on fourth generation nuclear reactor technology, such as small modular molten salt stacks (SmallModular Molten Salt Reactor, SM-MSR). The molten salt reactor is one of important reactor types of the fourth generation nuclear energy system, and has remarkable advantages in the aspects of inherent safety, economic benefit, fuel online treatment, nuclear diffusion prevention and the like. Molten salt stacks were developed by the united states acorn ridge national laboratory (ORNL) and in 1954 established the first 2.5MW experimental molten salt stack (ARE) for military space nuclear power research, as well as establishing a performance benchmark for circulating fluorinated molten salt systems. From 1965 to 1969, ORNL completed 10MW molten salt experimental reactor (MSRE) design, construction and successful operation 13000 hours. The science and technology special project of Shanghai applied physics research institute of the academy of sciences in 2011 is "future advanced fission nuclear energy-thorium-based molten salt reactor nuclear energy system", and the important reactor in the second stage is a small modularized thorium-based liquid molten salt reactor. Unlike conventional solid fuel reactors, which are the only fourth generation reactor type using liquid fuel, under normal operating conditions, fission product nuclides carrying decay heat are dispersed along with the flow of fuel salt in the whole main loop pipeline and related thermal hydraulic connection areas, including hot pipe sections, cold pipe sections, main pumps, main heat exchangers and other areas, when normal operation reaches equilibrium, the total decay heat accounts for about 7% of the total thermal power of the reactor, 7% of the total thermal power is a considerable value, the decay heat is regarded as a continuously heated heat source in the main loop pipeline and equipment, if the decay heat in the equipment cannot be accurately estimated and the heat is ensured to be carried out from design, the main pipeline material and equipment are likely to be served at over-design temperature under normal operating conditions, the service life of the main pipeline material and equipment can be reduced, even serious accidents such as cracking and equipment damage are likely to occur, and radioactive substances are finally leaked to the environment.
The traditional loop type molten salt reactor has longer pipeline design, more main loop system equipment and flange interfaces, is unfavorable for the modularized installation and construction of the whole system, and provides great challenges for the shielding design of the main loop system and the prevention of fuel salt leakage at the interfaces of the main loop system. The integrated design and compact layout of the small-sized modular molten salt reactor heat exchanger are more beneficial to rapid assembly and shortening of the construction period, and the technical difficulty and economic cost of shielding design of a main loop system can be greatly reduced, the complexity of system assembly is reduced, and the risk of radioactive leakage is reduced. Smooth removal of decay waste heat is critical to any reactor to ensure that the radioactive entity barrier is not destroyed. Firstly, the waste heat derivation of the molten salt reactor can be designed in a salt discharge tank, for example, in an MSRE, after the molten salt reactor is shut down, the system discharges liquid fuel salt into the salt discharge tank, and then decay waste heat is transmitted to a final heat trap in an active mode, and obviously, the system fails in a mode of carrying out the waste heat by virtue of power under the condition of power failure of the whole plant. In addition, the waste heat can be led out and designed at two sides of the molten salt reactor active region, but in normal operation, the waste heat is in a strong gamma and strong neutron radiation field for a long period, and the passive waste heat discharging system is inevitably subjected to irradiation damage, and the passive waste heat discharging system after being activated by neutron and gamma irradiation brings great challenges for in-service inspection and overhaul of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of complex pipeline and high leakage risk of a molten salt heat exchanger in the prior art and provides an integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and an passive waste heat discharge system thereof.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger which comprises a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet and a fuel salt inlet and outlet, wherein the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet and the molten salt inlet and outlet are respectively provided with a double-layer pipe flange, the double-layer pipe flange comprises an inner sleeve pipe, an outer sleeve pipe and a flange plate, an annular groove is arranged on the end face of the inner sleeve pipe, a clamping part and a locking part are arranged on the end face of the flange plate, and the clamping part is positioned on the radial inner side of the locking part.
The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger is used for a small modular molten salt reactor (SmallModular Molten Salt Reactor, SM-MSR). The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger provided by the invention has only two interfaces, and can be connected with the molten salt reactor body and the coolant loop in a short-circuit mode, so that the pipeline structure is simplified, and the leakage risk is reduced. In the double-layer pipe flange, coolant or fuel salt enters the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger from the inner sleeve pipe, and the coolant or fuel salt flows out of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger from the outer sleeve pipe. The fuel salt goes to the shell side, and the coolant goes to the tube side, namely the same fluid medium goes in and out from the same outlet. Only two inlets and outlets are needed to complete the functions of four inlets and outlets in the conventional technology.
The end face of the inner sleeve is provided with an annular groove, the annular groove can be an outer convex groove or an inner concave groove, if the inner sleeve is an outer convex groove, the butted inner sleeve can be an inner concave groove, if the inner sleeve is an inner concave groove, the butted inner sleeve can be an outer convex groove, and the annular groove can be combined with the inner sleeve of the butted double-layer pipe flange in a sealing way so as to prevent fluid from leaking from the inner sleeve. The clamping part can be an annular flange or an annular groove, if the clamping part is an annular flange, the butted clamping part can be an annular groove, and if the clamping part is an annular groove, the butted clamping part can be an annular flange. The clamping part can be combined with the clamping part of the butted double-layer pipe flange in a sealing way, so that fluid is prevented from leaking from the outer sleeve. The locking part is used for sealing and locking the whole double-layer pipe flange and the butted double-layer pipe flange, so that the leakage of fluid at the joint is further prevented.
Preferably, on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, the annular groove is an inward concave groove. Because the size of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger is large, the annular groove is arranged to be an indent groove, sharp parts can be reduced, the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger is convenient to move and transport, and the overall service life is prolonged.
Preferably, on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, the clamping part is an annular groove. Because the size of integration molten salt heap heat exchanger is great, joint portion sets up to annular groove, can reduce sharp-pointed portion, and the transportation of being convenient for improves whole life to seal member is easily arranged in the recess, thereby further improves sealing performance.
Preferably, on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, the end surfaces of the inner sleeve, the outer sleeve and the flange are flush. The end surfaces of the inner sleeve, the outer sleeve and the flange plate are flush, so that the processing is easy, the sharp part can be further reduced, the moving and the transportation are convenient, and the overall service life is prolonged.
Preferably, the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger further comprises a main pump for driving the flow of fuel salt, wherein the main pump is positioned inside the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and higher than the coolant inlet and outlet. The main pump can make the fuel salt flow, promotes the heat transfer of fuel salt to the main pump is promoted the fuel salt and is got up above the coolant inlet and outlet, more fully exchanges heat with the coolant.
The main pump is one of key equipment of the molten salt reactor, is also the only rotating equipment of a main loop system of the molten salt reactor, provides uninterrupted circulating power for fuel salt of the main loop during normal operation of the molten salt reactor, and realizes heat transmission between the fuel salt and a coolant. The main pump motor and the pump shaft can be disassembled in a pluggable mode, so that the main pump motor and the heat exchanger are easier to separate and transport, and the main pump is easy to inspect and overhaul in service. The integrated design of the equipment and the integration of the wiring and the control system enable the equipment to be easy to arrange, so that the interference of field equipment can be reduced, the complexity of the wiring and the equipment for installation and debugging respectively can be reduced, the probability of on-site wiring and installation errors of an installation engineer can be reduced, the installation quality of the equipment is ensured, and the installation and construction period of the equipment are shortened.
Further preferably, the casing of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger has a double-layer structure and an annular cavity, the annular cavity is communicated with the outer sleeve of the fuel salt inlet and outlet, the main pump comprises a pump shell, a fuel outlet is formed in the pump shell, and the fuel outlet is communicated with the annular cavity. The main pump lifts the fuel salt in the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger upwards, the fuel salt exchanges heat with the coolant all the time in the lifting process until the temperature is higher than the coolant inlet and outlet, the fuel salt enters the main pump, then enters the annular cavity of the shell of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger from the fuel outlet of the pump shell, descends in the annular cavity, flows into the outer sleeve of the fuel salt inlet and outlet, flows out of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, and the whole process can enable the fuel salt to exchange heat with the coolant more fully, so that the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger further comprises a plurality of baffles inside for bending the flow path of the fuel salt. The baffle plate can enable fuel salt to rise in a zigzag way in the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, so that heat exchange is further and fully carried out with the coolant, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the coolant inlet and outlet are located at the upper part of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, and the fuel salt inlet and outlet are located at the lower part of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger. The initial coolant descends firstly, obtains heat and ascends again; the initial fuel salt rises firstly, loses heat and then descends, so that the characteristics of expansion caused by heat and contraction caused by cold of the fluid are fully utilized, the natural flow trend of the fluid is complied, the flow of the fluid is smoother, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The invention also provides a passive waste heat discharging system which comprises a waste heat discharging heat exchanger, a steam rising pipeline, a condensate water descending pipeline and a water supply main pipeline, wherein the waste heat discharging heat exchanger is close to the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, and the waste heat discharging heat exchanger is not contacted with the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger. By vaporization and condensation of water, the passive waste heat discharging system can work by itself without additional power. The waste heat exchanger is arranged near the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger instead of the reactor core, so that the waste heat exchanger is prevented from being irradiated, and the reliability of the waste heat exchanger is improved. A plurality of mutually independent waste heat exchangers can be conveniently arranged near the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, and the reliability of the waste heat exchangers is further improved. The passive waste heat discharging systems are positioned on two sides of the heat exchanger, so that the passive waste heat discharging systems have higher reliability, and the convenience of in-service inspection and overhaul of the passive waste heat discharging systems is greatly improved.
Preferably, the water supply main pipeline is connected to the condensate water descending pipeline through a first water supply pipeline and a second water supply pipeline which are connected in parallel, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the first water supply pipeline, an electric valve is arranged on the second water supply pipeline, the electromagnetic valve is in a power-off opening type, and the electric valve is in a power-on opening type.
The passive waste heat discharging system adopts cooling water as a heat exchange medium, when an accident occurs, the cooling water is injected into a condensate water descending pipeline of the passive waste heat discharging system through a high-level water tank, the cooling water flows through a waste heat discharging heat exchanger, the cooling water is heated into steam through radiation heat exchange of the heat exchanger, the steam flows into a final heat trap condensing pipe through a waste steam ascending pipeline, and heat is transmitted to a final heat trap condensing pool. The water supply main pipeline is provided with two first water supply pipelines and two second water supply pipelines which are connected in parallel, and the two first water supply pipelines and the two second water supply pipelines are respectively connected through an electromagnetic valve and an electric valve, wherein the electromagnetic valve is passive, and is opened when the power is off; the electric valve is of an active design and can be opened by electrifying. The design redundancy of the water supply pipeline is guaranteed by two sets of valve opening designs with different mechanisms, and the water supply reliability is improved. The waste heat discharging system is used for condensing heat exchange, and compared with single-phase convection heat exchange, the waste heat discharging system is higher in heat exchange coefficient and heat exchange efficiency; the steam rising pipeline flows saturated steam, the condensate water falling pipeline is condensed water, the density difference is larger, and the suction force formed during the condensation of the steam enhances the circulation capacity of the loop. The invention improves the passive working capacity of the system, solves the problems of high failure rate and the like caused by the design of the active system, and the two sets of water supply branch pipeline isolation valves with different principles further improve the reliability of the waste heat discharging system of the molten salt reactor heat exchanger, ensure that the waste heat in the heat exchanger can be rapidly and effectively discharged, ensure the safety of the whole loop system under the accident condition, and can be designed into two sets, one set for one, and any set of normal work can meet the effective derivation of the waste heat. The upper part and the lower part of the main heat exchanger are respectively provided with a fission gas discharge pipeline outlet and a fuel salt loading and unloading port, so that the fission gas can be conveniently and timely discharged to the tail gas treatment system, and the loading and unloading of the fuel salt are convenient.
The invention has the positive progress effects that:
(1) The liquid working medium is easy to leak from the flange interface, the reduction of the flange interface on the outermost layer of the heat exchanger reduces the risk of fuel salt leakage, and meanwhile, the four-interface heat exchanger is usually provided with longer pipelines. Compared with the traditional (four inlets and outlets) type heat exchanger, the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger reduces the number of flange interfaces, thereby reducing the probability of leakage of high-radioactivity working medium of fuel salt and coolant into the environment, and being more beneficial to radioactivity containment and reactor safety. The inlet and the outlet are in butt joint with adjacent systems in a short-circuit mode, so that the length of a pipeline is reduced, the consumption of pipeline materials, fuel salt and coolant is reduced, the system layout is compact, the overall economy and the safety are improved, and the modular assembly is facilitated.
(2) The passive waste heat discharging system is arranged at the molten salt reactor heat exchanger, so that the fuel salt decay heat in the heat exchanger can be discharged in a completely passive mode under the condition of accidents (such as emergency salt discharging failure and main pump clamping shaft accidents), the safety of the molten salt reactor is greatly improved, the decay waste heat in the fuel salt can be carried out under the normal shutdown condition, the strong gamma neutron radiation field does not exist in the waste heat discharging system, the radiation damage and neutron activation degree are greatly reduced, and the in-service overhaul difficulty is reduced. The passive heat exchange system adopts a heat exchange mode of steam and condensation, and compared with the traditional heat convection of single-phase media (such as air and water), the passive heat exchange system has the advantages of smaller heat resistance, higher heat exchange coefficient and smaller system size. The waste heat discharging steam rising pipeline flows through a saturated steam state, the condensed water falling pipeline flows through condensed water, and under the condition of the same design pressure, the cold-hot section fluid has larger density difference; in addition, the condensing process of the steam can form a suction force, so that the circulation capacity in a pipeline of the waste heat discharging system is further enhanced, and the heat carrying capacity of the system is greatly enhanced.
(3) Two sets of waste heat discharging systems are conveniently arranged, one waste heat discharging system is used, two parallel water supply pipelines are arranged on water supply pipelines in each waste heat discharging system, an electric valve and an electromagnetic valve are arranged on each water supply pipeline, the electromagnetic valve is designed to be opened in a power-off mode, normal operation of a water supply function can be guaranteed even under the condition of full-field power-off accidents, and complete passive waste heat discharging is achieved.
(4) The heat exchanger and the main pump adopt an integrated scheme, so that equipment is compacter in arrangement, the whole space is saved, complex connection of the heat exchanger and a pipeline of the pump is eliminated, the construction period is saved, and meanwhile, the hidden danger of broken fused salt reactor pipeline is eliminated. The inlet and outlet uniform pipelines of the primary and secondary side fluid media are designed by double-layer pipes, the reactor core container or the system connected with the primary and secondary side fluid media are also designed by double-layer pipes, and the systems are directly connected with each other so as to realize compact arrangement of the reactor core-heat exchanger-main pump, thereby saving the whole space size of the system, and simultaneously reducing the inlet and outlet quantity and reducing the leakage probability of the fluid media by double-layer pipe interfaces.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and the passive waste heat removal system of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an outline schematic diagram of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an external perspective view of a double-layer pipe flange and another double-layer pipe flange in butt joint according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a front elevational view of the outer profile of a double-walled pipe flange of the present invention in butt-joint with another double-walled pipe flange.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of fig. 5.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by means of examples which follow, without thereby restricting the scope of the invention thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 and the passive waste heat discharging system thereof according to the present invention mainly comprise an integrated molten salt heat exchanger 1 and a passive waste heat discharging system which integrate a main pump. The passive waste heat discharging system comprises a waste heat discharging heat exchanger 2, a steam ascending pipeline 3, a final heat trap condensing pipe 4 and a condensate water descending pipeline 5. The passive waste heat discharging system also comprises a high-level water storage tank 8 and a water supply main pipeline 9 connected with the high-level water storage tank. The water supply main line 9 is connected to the condensate water downer line 5 through a first water supply line 10 and a second water supply line 11 connected in parallel, the first water supply line 10 is provided with a solenoid valve 12, the solenoid valve 12 is kept powered in a normal state, in a closed state, water cannot flow through, the solenoid valve can be opened by manually switching off the power supply, and the solenoid valve can also be automatically opened when all power supply is lost due to power failure of the whole plant, so that the water is allowed to pass through the solenoid valve 12. The second water supply pipeline 11 is provided with an electric valve 13, the electric valve 13 is a valve which is opened by electric power, the electric valve 13 is not powered in a normal state, water can not flow in a closed state, and in an emergency, the electric valve 13 is electrified and opened to allow the water to flow.
When the emergency salt discharging failure occurs and the main pump is blocked, an accident signal is transmitted to the central control room alarm indication table, and the opening of the electric valve 13 is automatically triggered. At this time, the cooling water in the high-level water storage tank 8 flows into the condensate water descending pipeline 5 along the water supply branch pipeline 11, so that the cooling water flows into the waste heat exchanger 2, decay heat in the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 is transferred to condensate water in the waste heat exchanger 2 under the effects of heat conduction and heat radiation, the condensate water is quickly converted into high-pressure steam at this time, the high-pressure steam is transported to the final hot-trap condensing pipe 4 through the steam ascending pipeline 3, the heat is transferred to the final hot-trap condensing pool 6 through heat conduction and convection heat exchange, and the heat is discharged into the atmosphere through the final hot-trap end air cooling tower 7. Through the cooling effect of the final hot-trap condensation water pool 6, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam is condensed into condensed water, and descends to the residual heat exchanger 2 along the condensed water descending pipeline 5, so that a complete cycle is completed, heat in the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 is carried out, and the thermal safety and structural integrity of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 are ensured.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 is a double-layer shell fixed tube plate type heat exchanger, and has a hot end fuel salt fluid running on the shell side and a cooling salt fluid running on the tube side. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 (hereinafter, also referred to as a main heat exchanger) includes a main heat exchanger outer case 17, a fission gas discharge line outlet 18 is provided at an upper portion of the main heat exchanger outer case 17, and a fuel salt loading/unloading port 35 is provided at a lower portion of the main heat exchanger outer case 17. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 integrates a main pump comprising a motor 14, a pump shaft 15, a support structure 16, an impeller 19 and a pump housing 20. The main heat exchanger outer shell 17 is formed of an upper section, a middle section and a lower section, the upper and middle sections being connected by an upper flange 29, the middle and lower sections being connected by a bottom flange 36.
The inlet and outlet pipes of the hot end fuel salt fluid are of double-layer design, and the fuel salt flows out of the core outlet and flows into the fuel salt inlet pipe 37 of the main heat exchanger, then passes through the double-layer shell of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 and enters the inner shell 34 of the main heat exchanger, flows upwards along the vertical direction under the flow guiding effect of the baffle plate 32 of the main heat exchanger and enters the inlet pipe 27 of the main pump, so that the convection heat exchange with the pipe-side descending pipe 31 of the main heat exchanger and the pipe-side ascending pipe 30 of the main heat exchanger is completed.
The fuel salt enters the pump casing 20 from the main pump inlet pipe 27 by the rotation of the main pump impeller 19, flows out from four pump casing outlets 21 symmetrically arranged around the pump casing 20, flows through the main heat exchanger fuel salt descent annular chamber 33 from top to bottom, passes through the main heat exchanger casing side lower chamber 40, and flows out from the main heat exchanger fuel salt outlet pipe 38 and enters the reactor inlet. Coolant flows from the coolant inlet tube 24 into the coolant inlet water chamber 22, and is separated from the coolant outlet water chamber 23 by a coolant water chamber separator 26. The coolant flows down from the inlet water chamber 22 into the main heat exchanger tube side downcomer 31, is uniformly mixed by the main heat exchanger tube side coolant lower chamber 39, then up into the main heat exchanger tube side riser 30, then into the coolant outlet water chamber 23, and finally the coolant flows out from the coolant outlet pipe 25 into the next stage heat exchange system or heat utilization system. The next stage heat exchange system or heat utilization system is short-circuited with the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 through a coolant inlet and outlet flange 28.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the fuel salt flows into the main heat exchanger side flange inlet direction inner sleeve 42 along the stack body side flange outlet direction inner sleeve 41, and after the heat exchange of the main heat exchanger is completed, the fuel salt flows into the stack body side flange inlet direction outer sleeve 46 from the main heat exchanger side flange outlet direction outer sleeve 45. The stack body side flange and the heat exchanger side flange are both provided with clamping portions, the clamping portions of the body side flange are convex ends 47, and the clamping portions of the heat exchanger side flange are concave ends 48. Concave end 48 is an annular groove. The stack body side flange convex end 47 is in sealing abutment with the heat exchanger side flange concave end 48. The stack body side flange outlet direction inner sleeve 41 and the main heat exchanger side flange inlet direction inner sleeve 42 are cooperatively connected through a stack body side flange outlet direction inner sleeve annular groove 43 and a main heat exchanger side flange inlet direction inner sleeve annular groove 44. The annular groove 44 is a concave groove. The stack body side flange and the heat exchanger side flange are fastened by a locking portion, which may be bolts 49.
The fuel salt medium can be high-temperature fluoride salt or chloride salt dissolved with the easily-cracked material 235U/233U/239Pu, the coolant is fluoride salt or chloride salt without the easily-cracked material, the normal working temperature range is 500-1000 ℃, and the working pressure is normal pressure. The structural material of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 adopts nickel-based alloy or titanium alloy or molybdenum alloy, which depends on the type of medium material. The main heat exchanger tube side down tube 31, the main heat exchanger tube side up tube 30 and the main heat exchanger baffle plate 32 can be made of the metal structural materials, and can also be made of high-temperature resistant silicon carbide fiber structural materials, so that on one hand, silicon carbide fibers have higher chemical stability and are not easy to corrode, on the other hand, the allowable temperature inside the heat exchanger under the accident working condition is higher, and even the heat exchanger can bear the temperature of 1200-1500 ℃ and has higher thermal safety margin.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, but such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger is characterized by comprising a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet and a fuel salt inlet and outlet, wherein the coolant inlet and outlet are positioned at the upper part of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, the fuel salt inlet and outlet are positioned at the lower part of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, the coolant inlet and outlet and the fuel salt inlet and outlet are both provided with a double-layer pipe flange, the double-layer pipe flange comprises an inner sleeve pipe, an outer sleeve pipe and a flange plate, the end face of the inner sleeve pipe is provided with an annular groove, the end face of the flange plate is provided with a clamping part and a locking part, and the clamping part is positioned at the radial inner side of the locking part;
the initial coolant descends firstly, obtains heat and ascends again;
in the double-layer pipe flange, coolant or fuel salt enters the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger from the inner sleeve pipe, and the coolant or fuel salt flows out of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger from the outer sleeve pipe;
the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger further comprises a main pump, wherein the main pump is used for driving fuel salt to flow, and the main pump is positioned in the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and is higher than the coolant inlet and outlet;
the shell of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger is of a double-layer structure and is provided with an annular cavity, the annular cavity is communicated with the outer sleeve of the fuel salt inlet and outlet, the main pump comprises a pump shell, a fuel outlet is formed in the pump shell, and the fuel outlet is communicated with the annular cavity; the main pump lifts up the fuel salt in the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, and the fuel salt exchanges heat with the coolant all the time in the lifting process until the temperature is higher than the coolant inlet and outlet, and the fuel salt enters the main pump, then enters the annular cavity of the shell of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger from the fuel outlet of the pump shell, descends in the annular cavity, flows into the outer sleeve of the fuel salt inlet and outlet, and flows out of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger.
2. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of claim 1 wherein the groove is a concave groove on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger.
3. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the clamping portion is an annular groove on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger.
4. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of claim 1 wherein the end faces of the inner sleeve, outer sleeve and flange are flush on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger.
5. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of baffles within the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger for bending the flow path of the fuel salt.
6. The passive waste heat removal system of an integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a waste heat exchanger, a steam riser, a condensate water downer, and a feedwater header, wherein the waste heat exchanger is proximate to the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, and wherein the waste heat exchanger is not in contact with the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger.
7. The passive waste heat removal system of an integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of claim 6, wherein the water supply main line is connected to the condensate water downer line through a first water supply sub-line and a second water supply sub-line which are connected in parallel, a solenoid valve is arranged on the first water supply sub-line, an electric valve is arranged on the second water supply sub-line, the solenoid valve is in a power-off opening type, and the electric valve is in an energizing opening type.
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