CN113990535A - Integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and passive residual heat removal system thereof - Google Patents
Integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and passive residual heat removal system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113990535A CN113990535A CN202111165969.0A CN202111165969A CN113990535A CN 113990535 A CN113990535 A CN 113990535A CN 202111165969 A CN202111165969 A CN 202111165969A CN 113990535 A CN113990535 A CN 113990535A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/06—Control arrangements therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
- F28F9/06—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by dismountable joints
- F28F9/12—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by dismountable joints by flange-type connections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/243—Promoting flow of the coolant for liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/26—Promoting flow of the coolant by convection, e.g. using chimneys, using divergent channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
- F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
- F28F2009/226—Transversal partitions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and a passive residual heat removal system thereof, wherein the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger comprises a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet and a fuel salt inlet and a fuel salt outlet, the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet and the fuel salt inlet and outlet are respectively provided with a double-layer pipe flange, the double-layer pipe flange comprises an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve and a flange plate, the end surface of the inner sleeve is provided with an annular groove, the end surface of the flange plate is provided with a clamping part and a locking part, and the clamping part is positioned on the radial inner side of the locking part. The coolant inlet and outlet and the fuel salt inlet and outlet are in butt joint with adjacent systems in a short joint mode, so that the length of a pipeline is reduced, the use amount of pipeline materials, fuel salt and coolant is saved, the system layout is compact, the overall economy and safety are improved, and the modular assembly is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of a modular heat transmission device and a special safety system of a small modular molten salt reactor, in particular to an integrated molten salt heat exchanger and two sets of mutually independent complete passive waste heat discharge systems.
Background
The electric power of the small modular reactor is mostly below 300MWe, the small modular reactor adopts an integrated layout and a modular construction, has higher safety and natural circulation capacity compared with the large reactor, and is convenient to operate and maintain. The plug and play concept is adopted to realize integral transportation after the assembly in a manufacturing plant is finished, the field construction period is shortened, and the construction period is shortened to three years, so that the method is the main development direction of the modern nuclear reactor technology. The small modular molten salt reactor has two main characteristics: firstly, the meaning of 'small-sized' means that the rated output power of a molten salt reactor is smaller than that of a large nuclear power station, generally means that the output rated power level of the reactor is about 10 MWe-300 MWe, the matching requirements of regional limited energy application and free and flexible large-scale production can be realized, and the organic matching with a small-sized power grid can be realized if necessary; additionally, "modular" means that the fission energy generating module and the heat transfer system and the power generation system are simply coupled to achieve the desired supply of energy product. The system component modularized assembly can be assembled by one or more sub-modules, and can also be assembled into a large-scale power plant from one or more module units according to thermal parameter matching performance requirements, so as to be used for producing electric power or other purposes. More importantly, the installation and deployment of the modules can flexibly arrange the construction sequence, and the modular installation and deployment can maximally manufacture and assemble the equipment or parts by an equipment assembly factory and flexibly adjust the investment and delivery time within the specified limited time.
The small modular reactors that have been implemented are mostly conventional pressurized water reactors, such as the K-15 reactor used by Daylor aircraft carriers, France, the KLT-40S reactor used by the Russian "Romensough Oaku-S" floating nuclear power plant, etc. However, the future development of small modular reactors is not limited to pressurized water reactors, and many advanced small Reactor designs are based on fourth generation nuclear Reactor technology, such as small modular Molten Salt reactors (SM-MSR). The molten salt reactor is one of important reactor types of a fourth generation nuclear energy system, and has remarkable advantages in the aspects of inherent safety, economic benefit, fuel on-line treatment, nuclear diffusion prevention and the like. The molten salt reactor was proposed by the national laboratory of Oak Ridge (ORNL) in the united states and in 1954 the first 2.5MW experimental molten salt reactor (ARE) was built for military space nuclear power research and a performance benchmark for a circulating fluorinated molten salt system was also established. ORNL completed a 10MW molten salt experimental stack (MSRE) design, construction and successfully run 13000h from 1965 to 1969. 2011 the scientific and technological special item born by Shanghai applied physics research of Chinese academy of sciences, namely a thorium-based molten salt reactor nuclear energy system, the important reactor type at the second stage is a small modular thorium-based liquid molten salt reactor. Different from the traditional solid fuel reactor, the molten salt reactor is the only fourth generation reactor type using liquid fuel, under the normal operation condition, fission product nuclide carrying decay heat can be dispersed in the whole main loop pipeline and related thermal hydraulic connection areas along with the flow of fuel salt, including areas such as a heat pipe section, a cold pipe section, a main pump, a main heat exchanger and the like, when the normal operation reaches balance, the total decay heat accounts for about 7% of the total heat power of the reactor, 7% of the total heat power is a considerable value, the decay heat is regarded as a heat source continuously heating in the main loop pipeline and equipment, under the normal operation condition, if the decay heat in the equipment can not be accurately estimated and can be taken out from the design, the main pipeline material and the equipment can be possibly taken out at the over-design temperature, and the service life of the material and the equipment can be finally reduced, even serious accidents such as lacerations and equipment damage happen, and finally radioactive substances are leaked into the environment.
The traditional loop type molten salt reactor has the disadvantages that the pipeline design is long, the number of main loop system devices and flange interfaces is large, the traditional design is not beneficial to the modular installation and construction of the whole system, and great challenges are provided for the shielding design of the main loop system and the prevention of the leakage of fuel salt at the interface of the main loop system. The integrated design and the compact layout of the small modular molten salt reactor heat exchanger are more favorable for quick assembly and shortening of the construction period, the technical difficulty and the economic cost of the shielding design of a main loop system can be greatly reduced, the complexity of system assembly is reduced, and the risk of radioactive leakage is reduced. The smooth removal of decay waste heat is the key to any reactor to ensure that the radioactive entity barrier is not breached. Firstly, the residual heat removal of the molten salt reactor can be designed in a salt removal tank, for example, in the MSRE, after the molten salt reactor is shut down, the system discharges liquid fuel salt into the salt removal tank, and then transfers decay residual heat to a final heat sink in an active manner, obviously, the residual heat removal by means of power is disabled in the case of power failure of the whole plant. In addition, the residual heat can be led out and designed on two sides of the active region of the molten salt reactor, but in normal operation, the residual heat is in a strong gamma strong neutron radiation field for a long time, irradiation damage is inevitably brought to a passive residual heat discharging system, and the passive residual heat discharging system activated by neutron and gamma irradiation brings huge challenges to in-service inspection and maintenance of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of complex pipeline and high leakage risk of a molten salt heat exchanger in the prior art, and provides an integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and a passive residual heat removal system thereof.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger which comprises a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet and a fuel salt inlet and a fuel salt outlet, wherein the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet and the molten salt inlet and the molten salt outlet are respectively provided with a double-layer pipe flange, each double-layer pipe flange comprises an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve and a flange plate, the end surface of each inner sleeve is provided with an annular groove, the end surface of each flange plate is provided with a clamping portion and a locking portion, and the clamping portions are located on the radial inner sides of the locking portions.
The integrated Molten Salt Reactor heat exchanger is used for a small modular Molten Salt Reactor (SM-MSR). The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger only has two interfaces and can be connected with the molten salt reactor body and the coolant loop in a short-circuit mode, so that the pipeline structure is simplified, and meanwhile, the leakage risk is reduced. In the double-layer pipe flange, coolant or fuel salt enters the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger from the inner sleeve, and the coolant or fuel salt flows out of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger from the outer sleeve. The fuel salt is taken from the shell side and the coolant is taken from the tube side, i.e. the same fluid medium enters and exits from the same outlet. Only two inlets and outlets are needed to complete the functions of four inlets and outlets in the conventional technology.
The end face of the inner sleeve is provided with an annular groove which can be an outward convex groove or an inward concave groove, if the groove is an outward convex groove, the butted inner sleeve can be an inward concave groove, if the groove is an inward concave groove, the butted inner sleeve can be an outward convex groove, and the annular groove can be in sealing combination with the inner sleeve of the butted double-layer pipe flange to prevent fluid from leaking from the inner sleeve. The clamping portion can be an annular flange or an annular groove, if the clamping portion is the annular flange, the butted clamping portion can be the annular groove, and if the clamping portion is the annular groove, the butted clamping portion can be the annular flange. The clamping part of the invention can be combined with the clamping part of the butted double-layer pipe flange in a sealing way, thereby preventing fluid from leaking from the outer sleeve. The locking part locks the whole double-layer pipe flange and the butted double-layer pipe flange in a sealing way, and further prevents fluid from leaking at the interface.
Preferably, on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, the annular groove is an inward concave groove. Because the size of integration fused salt reactor heat exchanger is great, the annular groove sets up to the indent groove, can reduce sharp-pointed part, is convenient for remove the transportation, improves whole life.
Preferably, on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, the clamping portion is an annular groove. Because the size of integration fused salt reactor heat exchanger is great, the joint portion sets up to the annular groove, can reduce sharp-pointed part, is convenient for remove the transportation, improves whole life to sealing member is easily arranged in the recess, thereby further improves sealing performance.
Preferably, on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, the end faces of the inner sleeve, the outer sleeve and the flange are flush. Interior sleeve pipe, outer tube and flange three's terminal surface flush, easy processing can further reduce sharp-pointed part simultaneously, is convenient for remove the transportation, improves whole life.
Preferably, the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger further comprises a main pump for driving the flow of fuel salt, the main pump being located within the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and at a position higher than the coolant inlet/outlet. The main pump enables the fuel salt to flow, promotes the heat transfer of the fuel salt to the main pump promotes the fuel salt to the coolant import and export above, exchanges heat with the coolant more fully.
The main pump is one of the key devices of the molten salt reactor and is also the only rotating device of the main loop system of the molten salt reactor, uninterrupted circulating power is provided for the fuel salt of the main loop during the normal operation of the molten salt reactor, and the heat transmission between the fuel salt and the coolant is realized. The main pump motor and the pump shaft can be disassembled in a pluggable manner, so that the main pump motor and the heat exchanger are easier to separate and transport, and the main pump is easy to inspect and repair in service. The integrated design of the equipment and the integration of the wiring and control system enable the equipment to be easily arranged, so that the interference of field equipment can be reduced, the complexity of the wiring and the installation and debugging of the equipment can be reduced, the probability of field wiring and installation errors of installation engineers can be reduced, the installation quality of the equipment is ensured, and the installation and construction period of the equipment is shortened.
Further preferably, the shell of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger is of a double-layer structure and is provided with an annular cavity, the annular cavity is communicated with an outer sleeve of the fuel salt inlet and outlet, the main pump comprises a pump shell, a fuel outlet is formed in the pump shell, and the fuel outlet is communicated with the annular cavity. The fuel salt inside the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger is upwards lifted by the main pump, the fuel salt always exchanges heat with the coolant in the lifting process until the fuel salt is higher than the coolant inlet and outlet, the fuel salt enters the main pump, then enters the annular cavity of the shell of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger from the fuel outlet of the pump shell, descends in the annular cavity, flows into the outer sleeve of the fuel salt inlet and outlet, and flows out of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved by the fuel salt more fully exchanging heat with the coolant in the whole process.
Preferably, the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger further comprises a plurality of baffles inside, and the baffles are used for bending the flow path of the fuel salt. The baffle plate can lead the fuel salt to zigzag rise in the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, thereby further fully carrying out heat exchange with the coolant and improving the heat exchange efficiency.
Preferably, the coolant inlet and outlet are located at the upper part of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, and the fuel salt inlet and outlet are located at the lower part of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger. The initial coolant firstly descends, obtains heat and then ascends; the initial fuel salt rises firstly and then falls after losing heat, and the characteristic of expansion with heat and contraction with cold of the fluid is fully utilized by the arrangement, so that the trend of natural flow of the fluid is complied with, the flow of the fluid is smoother, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The invention also provides a passive residual heat removal system which comprises a residual heat exchanger, a steam ascending pipeline, a condensed water descending pipeline and a water supply main pipeline, wherein the residual heat exchanger is close to the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, and the residual heat exchanger is not in contact with the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger. Through the vaporization and condensation of water, the passive residual heat removal system can work by oneself, need not additionally to provide power. Because the residual heat exchanger is arranged near the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger instead of near the reactor core, the residual heat exchanger is prevented from being irradiated, and the reliability of the residual heat exchanger is improved. A plurality of mutually independent surplus row heat exchangers can be conveniently arranged near the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, and the reliability of the surplus row heat exchanger is further improved. The passive residual heat removal system is positioned on two sides of the heat exchanger, so that the passive residual heat removal system has higher reliability, and the convenience of in-service inspection and maintenance of the passive residual heat removal system is greatly improved.
Preferably, the water supply main pipeline is connected to the condensed water descending pipeline through a first water supply branch pipeline and a second water supply branch pipeline which are connected in parallel, the first water supply branch pipeline is provided with an electromagnetic valve, the second water supply branch pipeline is provided with an electric valve, the electromagnetic valve is of a power-off opening type, and the electric valve is of an electrifying opening type.
The passive residual heat removal system adopts cooling water as a heat exchange medium, when an accident occurs, the cooling water is injected into a condensed water descending pipeline of the passive residual heat removal system through the high-level water tank, the cooling water flows through the residual heat removal heat exchanger, the cooling water is heated into steam through the radiation heat exchange of the heat exchanger, and the steam flows into a final heat sink condensation pipe through a residual heat removal steam ascending pipeline and transmits heat to a final heat sink condensation water tank. The water supply main pipeline is provided with a first water supply pipeline and a second water supply pipeline which are connected in parallel and are respectively connected through an electromagnetic valve and an electric valve, wherein the electromagnetic valve is passive and is opened when power is off; the electric valve is actively designed and can be opened when being electrified. The design redundancy of the water supply pipeline is ensured by the opening design of two sets of valves with different mechanisms, and the water supply reliability is improved. The waste heat discharge system is used for condensation heat exchange, and has larger heat exchange coefficient and higher heat exchange efficiency compared with single-phase convection heat exchange; saturated steam flows through the steam ascending pipeline, the condensed water descending pipeline is condensed water, the density difference is larger, and the circulation capacity of the loop is enhanced by the suction force formed during steam condensation. The invention improves the passive working capacity of the system, solves the problems of high failure rate and the like caused by the design of an active system, improves the reliability of the waste heat discharge system of the fused salt reactor heat exchanger by two sets of water supply branch pipeline isolation valves with different principles, ensures that the waste heat in the heat exchanger can be quickly and effectively discharged, ensures the overall safety of a loop system under the accident condition, can design two sets of passive waste heat discharge systems, one set of passive waste heat discharge systems is used for standby, and the effective discharge of the waste heat can be met when any one set of passive waste heat discharge systems normally works. The upper part and the lower part of the main heat exchanger are respectively provided with a fission gas discharge pipeline outlet and a fuel salt loading and unloading port, so that fission gas is conveniently and timely discharged to a tail gas treatment system, and the loading and unloading of fuel salt are convenient.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) usually, liquid working media easily leak from flange interfaces, the reduction of the outermost layer flange connector of the heat exchanger reduces the leakage risk of fuel salt, and meanwhile, the four-interface heat exchanger is usually provided with longer pipelines. Compared with the traditional (four inlet and outlet) type heat exchanger, the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger reduces the number of flange interfaces, thereby reducing the probability of high-radioactivity working medium of fuel salt and coolant leaking into the environment and being more beneficial to radioactivity containment and reactor safety. The inlet and the outlet are in butt joint with adjacent systems in a short joint mode, so that the length of a pipeline is reduced, the use amount of pipeline materials, fuel salt and coolant is saved, the system layout is compact, the overall economy and safety are improved, and the modular assembly is facilitated.
(2) With the setting of the passive waste heat discharge system can discharge the fuel salt decay heat in the heat exchanger through complete passive mode under the condition of accident (such as urgent salt discharge failure and main pump card axle accident) in the fused salt reactor heat exchanger, the security of fused salt reactor has greatly been improved, and decay waste heat in the fuel salt can also be carried out to the normal circumstances of stopping the heap, and there is not strong gamma neutron radiation field in the waste heat discharge system, radiation damage and neutron activation degree greatly reduced, the difficulty of examining and repairing in service has been reduced. The passive heat exchange system adopts a heat exchange mode of steam and condensation, and compared with the traditional convection heat exchange of single-phase media (such as air and water), the passive heat exchange system has the advantages of smaller thermal resistance, higher heat exchange coefficient and smaller system size. The waste heat discharged steam flows through the steam rising pipeline in a saturated steam state, the condensed water flows through the condensed water descending pipeline in a condensed water state, and under the condition of the same design pressure, the cold and hot section fluid has larger density difference; in addition, the condensation process of the steam can form a suction force, the circulation capacity in a waste heat discharge system pipeline is further enhanced, and the heat carrying capacity of the system is greatly enhanced.
(3) Two waste heat discharge systems are convenient to arrange, one waste heat discharge system is used, the water supply pipeline in each waste heat discharge system is provided with two water supply pipelines which are connected in parallel, each water supply pipeline is provided with one electric valve and one electromagnetic valve, and the electromagnetic valve is designed to be of a power-off opening type, so that the normal operation of a water supply function can be ensured even under the condition of a full-field power-off accident, and the complete passive waste heat discharge is realized.
(4) The heat exchanger and the main pump adopt an integrated scheme, so that the equipment arrangement is more compact, the whole space is saved, the complex connection of the heat exchanger and the pipeline of the pump is cancelled, the construction period is saved, and the hidden danger of the pipeline break of the molten salt reactor is eliminated. The inlet and outlet pipelines of the primary/secondary side fluid medium are designed by double-layer pipes, the reactor core container or the system connected with the inlet and outlet pipelines are also designed by double-layer pipes, and the systems are directly connected, so that the compact arrangement of the reactor core, the heat exchanger and the main pump is realized, the overall space size of the system is saved, and meanwhile, the number of the inlet and outlet is reduced by double-layer pipe interfaces, and the leakage probability of the fluid medium is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and the passive residual heat removal system thereof.
Fig. 2 is an outline schematic diagram of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic external contour perspective view of the double-layer pipe flange of the present invention and another double-layer pipe flange butted thereto.
Fig. 5 is a front view of the outer profile of a double-walled pipe flange of the present invention in combination with another double-walled pipe flange in butt joint.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along a-a of fig. 5.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 and the passive residual heat removal system thereof according to the present invention are mainly composed of the integrated molten salt heat exchanger 1 and the passive residual heat removal system, which are integrated with a main pump. The passive residual heat removal system comprises a residual heat exchanger 2, a steam ascending pipeline 3, a final heat trap condensation pipe 4 and a condensed water descending pipeline 5. The passive residual heat removal system also comprises a high-level water storage tank 8 and a water supply main pipeline 9 connected with the high-level water storage tank. The water supply main pipeline 9 is connected to the condensed water descending pipeline 5 through a first water supply pipeline 10 and a second water supply pipeline 11 which are connected in parallel, the first water supply pipeline 10 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 12, the electromagnetic valve 12 is powered on in a normal state, in a closed state, water cannot flow through, the electromagnetic valve can be opened in a manual power-off mode, and the electromagnetic valve can also be opened automatically when the power-off of the whole plant is lost, so that the water is allowed to pass through the electromagnetic valve 12. The second water supply/separation line 11 is provided with an electric valve 13, the electric valve 13 is a valve that can be opened by electric power, the electric valve 13 is not supplied with electric power in a normal state, water cannot flow through the valve in a closed state, and the electric valve 13 is opened by electric power to allow water to flow through the valve in an emergency.
When the emergency salt discharge failure occurs and the main pump is clamped, an accident signal is transmitted to the central control room alarm indicating table, and the electric valve 13 is automatically triggered to be opened. At this moment, cooling water in the high-level water storage tank 8 flows into the condensed water descending pipeline 5 along the water supply branch pipeline 11, so that the cooling water flows into the residual heat exchanger 2, decay heat in the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 transfers heat to condensed water in the residual heat exchanger 2 under the action of heat conduction and heat radiation, the condensed water is quickly converted into high-pressure steam at the moment, the high-pressure steam is transported to the final heat trap condensation pipe 4 through the steam ascending pipeline 3, the heat is transferred to the final heat trap condensation water tank 6 through the heat conduction and convection heat transfer, and the heat is discharged into the atmosphere through the final heat trap end air cooling tower 7. Through the cooling effect of the final hot-trap condensate water tank 6, high-temperature and high-pressure steam is condensed into condensate water and descends to the residual heat exchanger 2 along the condensate water descending pipeline 5, so that a complete cycle is completed, heat in the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 is carried out, and the thermal safety and the structural integrity of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 are ensured.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 is a fixed tube-plate heat exchanger with a double-layer shell, and the hot-end fuel salt fluid flows from the shell side and the cooling salt fluid flows from the tube side. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 (hereinafter, the main heat exchanger is also available) comprises a main heat exchanger outer shell 17, a fission gas discharge pipeline outlet 18 is arranged at the upper part of the main heat exchanger outer shell 17, and a fuel salt loading and unloading port 35 is arranged at the lower part of the main heat exchanger outer shell 17. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 is internally integrated with a main pump, and the main pump comprises a motor 14, a pump shaft 15, a supporting structure 16, an impeller 19 and a pump shell 20. The main heat exchanger shell 17 is comprised of an upper section, a middle section and a lower section, the upper and middle sections being connected by an upper flange 29, the middle and lower sections being connected by a bottom flange 36.
The inlet and outlet pipes of the hot-end fuel salt fluid are designed in a double-layer mode, fuel salt firstly flows out of the reactor core outlet and flows into the fuel salt inlet pipe 37 of the main heat exchanger, then penetrates through the double-layer shell of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 to enter the inner shell 34 of the main heat exchanger, flows upwards along the vertical direction under the guiding action of the baffle plate 32 of the main heat exchanger, and enters the inlet pipe 27 of the main pump, and therefore heat convection with the descending pipe 31 on the pipe side of the main heat exchanger and the ascending pipe 30 on the pipe side of the main heat exchanger is completed.
Fuel salt enters the pump housing 20 from the main pump intake 27 under rotation of the main pump impeller 19, then exits the four pump housing outlets 21 symmetrically disposed about the pump housing 20, then flows from top to bottom through the main heat exchanger fuel salt drop annulus 33, through the main heat exchanger shell side lower chamber 40, and exits the main heat exchanger fuel salt outlet pipe 38 and enters the reactor inlet. The coolant flows from the coolant inlet pipe 24 into the coolant inlet header 22, and is partitioned by the coolant header partition 26 between the coolant outlet header 23 and the coolant inlet header 22. The coolant flows down into the main heat exchanger tube side downcomer 31 from the inlet water chamber 22, is uniformly mixed by the main heat exchanger tube side coolant lower chamber 39, then flows up into the main heat exchanger tube side riser 30, then flows into the coolant outlet water chamber 23, and finally flows out from the coolant outlet pipe 25 to enter the next-stage heat exchange system or heat utilization system. The next-stage heat exchange system or the heat utilization system is in short connection with the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 through the coolant inlet and outlet flange 28.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the fuel salt flows into the primary heat exchanger side flange inlet direction inner sleeve 42 along the stack body side flange outlet direction inner sleeve 41, and after the heat exchange of the primary heat exchanger is completed, the fuel salt flows from the primary heat exchanger side flange outlet direction outer sleeve 45 into the stack body side flange inlet direction outer sleeve 46. Pile body side ring flange and heat exchanger side ring flange and all be provided with joint portion, the joint portion of body side ring flange is convex surface end 47, and the joint portion of heat exchanger side ring flange is concave surface end 48. The concave end 48 is an annular groove. The stack body side flange convex end 47 sealingly abuts the heat exchanger side flange concave end 48. The inner sleeve 41 in the outlet direction of the stack body side flange and the inner sleeve 42 in the inlet direction of the main heat exchanger side flange are connected in a matched manner through an annular groove 43 of the inner sleeve in the outlet direction of the stack body side flange and an annular groove 44 of the inner sleeve in the inlet direction of the main heat exchanger side flange. The annular groove 44 is a concave groove. The stack body side flange and the heat exchanger side flange are fastened by locking portions, which may be bolts 49.
The fuel salt medium can be high-temperature fluoride salt or chloride salt dissolved with the fissile material 235U/233U/239Pu, the coolant is fluoride salt or chloride salt without fissile material, the normal working temperature range is 500-1000 ℃, and the working pressure is normal pressure. The structural material of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger 1 adopts nickel-based alloy or titanium alloy or molybdenum alloy, which depends on the type of the medium material. The main heat exchanger tube side descending tube 31, the main heat exchanger tube side ascending tube 30 and the main heat exchanger baffle plate 32 can be made of the metal structural material or high-temperature-resistant silicon carbide fiber structural material, on one hand, silicon carbide fibers have higher chemical stability and are not easy to corrode, on the other hand, the allowable temperature in the heat exchanger under an accident working condition is higher, and even the allowable temperature can be up to 1200-1500 ℃, so that the heat exchanger has higher thermal safety allowance.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an integration molten salt reactor heat exchanger, its characterized in that, integration molten salt reactor heat exchanger includes that a coolant is imported and exported and fuel salt is imported and exported, the coolant import and export with fuel salt is imported and exported and all is had a double-deck pipe flange, double-deck pipe flange includes interior sleeve pipe, outer tube and flange dish, interior sheathed tube terminal surface is equipped with the annular groove, the terminal surface of flange dish is equipped with joint portion and locking portion, joint portion is located the radial inboard of locking portion.
2. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the groove is a concave groove on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger.
3. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the clamping portion is an annular groove on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger.
4. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein end faces of the inner sleeve, outer sleeve and flange are flush on the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger.
5. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of claim 1, further comprising a main pump for driving the flow of fuel salt, the main pump being located within the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and at a higher level than the coolant inlet/outlet.
6. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of claim 5, wherein the shell of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger is of a double-layer structure and is provided with an annular cavity, the annular cavity is communicated with an outer sleeve of the fuel salt inlet and outlet, the main pump comprises a pump shell, a fuel outlet is formed in the pump shell, and the fuel outlet is communicated with the annular cavity.
7. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of baffles inside the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger, the baffles for bending the flow path of the fuel salt.
8. The integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the coolant inlet and outlet are located at an upper portion of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger and the fuel salt inlet and outlet are located at a lower portion of the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger.
9. A passive residual heat removal system comprises a residual heat exchanger, a steam ascending pipeline, a condensed water descending pipeline and a water supply main pipeline, wherein the residual heat exchanger is close to the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger according to claims 1 to 8, and the residual heat exchanger is not in contact with the integrated molten salt reactor heat exchanger.
10. The passive residual heat removal system according to claim 9, wherein the water supply main line is connected to the condensed water descending line through a first water supply branch line and a second water supply branch line connected in parallel, the first water supply branch line is provided with a solenoid valve, the second water supply branch line is provided with an electric valve, the solenoid valve is of an open type when power is off, and the electric valve is of an open type when power is on.
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