CN116525154A - Passive residual heat removal system of small lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor and use method thereof - Google Patents
Passive residual heat removal system of small lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116525154A CN116525154A CN202310470226.7A CN202310470226A CN116525154A CN 116525154 A CN116525154 A CN 116525154A CN 202310470226 A CN202310470226 A CN 202310470226A CN 116525154 A CN116525154 A CN 116525154A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000034699 Vitreous floaters Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009377 nuclear transmutation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a small-sized lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor passive waste heat discharge system and a use method thereof, belongs to the technical field of safety of ocean floating nuclear power stations, and solves the problems that the existing passive waste heat discharge system needs more equipment, is high in cost and is slow in heat exchange feedback. The invention is characterized in that a safety container is arranged outside a main container, a heat preservation layer is arranged on the periphery of the side part of the safety container, a water supply pipeline is arranged between the heat preservation layer and the safety container, the lower end of the water supply pipeline is connected with a water inlet pipeline, an isolation valve is arranged on the water inlet pipeline, the water inlet end of the water inlet pipeline is provided with a vertical pipeline, the upper end of the vertical pipeline is positioned below the sea surface, the upper end of the water supply pipeline is provided with a water outlet pipeline, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipeline is led to the sea surface. The invention uses the seawater as the cooling medium, the seawater can automatically flow into the vertical pipeline and the water inlet pipeline through the vertical pipeline, and the seawater is vaporized or flows into the sea through the water outlet pipeline after heat exchange is carried out between the seawater and the safety container in the water inlet pipeline, thus forming natural circulation and being completely passive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of safety of ocean floating nuclear power plants, and particularly relates to a passive waste heat discharging system of a small lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor and a using method thereof.
Background
The 4 th generation international forum for nuclear energy systems (GIF) states that lead-based fast reactors have unique advantages in nuclear waste transmutation and fuel proliferation. Meanwhile, the lead-based coolant is inactive in chemical property and strong in natural circulation capacity, so that the system can be greatly simplified, and the safety and the economy of the reactor are improved. As a liquid heavy metal cooled reactor, lead-based fast reactors were listed by GIF as the 4 th generation nuclear energy systems expected to be the first to realize industrial demonstration.
The small-sized lead-cooled marine reactor is a fast reactor taking pure liquid lead as a coolant, adopts a pool-type reactor core structure, usually operates under the condition of normal pressure and high temperature, and has good natural circulation capacity and inherent safety characteristics.
The passive waste heat discharging system is an advanced reactor special safety system, can provide inherent safety for the reactor, and has great significance in design optimization.
At present, three types of common passive waste heat discharging systems are designed aiming at small liquid heavy metal fast reactors. The first is an air-cooled natural circulation mode, cooling air enters the system through a cooling air descending channel, is heated in a hot air ascending channel, is driven to flow upwards by density difference caused by temperature difference of the air, passes through a chimney and is discharged into the atmosphere, and the passive residual row can act in a safety container or a reactor core pool. The second is an independent heat exchanger mode in the reactor core pool, and an independent heat exchanger except a conventional heat exchanger is usually arranged in the reactor core pool and is used for taking away the decay waste heat of the reactor core by utilizing an external cold source when the conventional heat exchanger does not work, and a specially arranged safe water tank is adopted as the conventional external cold source. The third is a design method acting on the two-loop or three-loop, for example, the inlet and the outlet of the secondary side of the three-loop condensing heat exchanger are connected with the sea, and the height difference between the inlet and the outlet is designed. The condensing heat exchanger and the steam generator form a closed two-loop by utilizing a valve switch, and the waste heat is discharged through natural circulation of the three loops.
For a small-sized lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor, the first mode is not applicable to an ocean environment; the second mode has complex design, more loops, more equipment needs to be configured, the cost is high, and the failure probability of the system is increased; in the third way, although the marine environment can be utilized conveniently, the heat exchange feedback is slow, and the quick response is not facilitated. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a passive residual heat removal system for a small-sized marine liquid lead stationary reactor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small-sized lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor passive waste heat discharge system, which aims to solve the problems that the existing passive waste heat discharge system needs more equipment, is high in cost and is slow in heat exchange feedback.
The invention further aims to provide a use method of the passive waste heat discharging system of the small-sized lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a safety container is arranged outside a main container, an insulating layer is arranged on the periphery of the side part of the safety container, a water supply pipeline is arranged between the insulating layer and the safety container, the lower end of the water supply pipeline is connected with a water inlet pipeline, an isolation valve is arranged on the water inlet pipeline, the water inlet end of the water inlet pipeline is provided with a vertical pipeline, the upper end of the vertical pipeline is positioned below the sea surface, a water outlet pipeline is arranged at the upper end of the water supply pipeline, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipeline is led to the sea surface.
As a further improvement of the invention, a filtering device is arranged on the water inlet pipeline.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water inlet pipeline is provided with a blow-down pipe, and the blow-down pipe is provided with a blow-down valve and a water pump.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water outlet end of the water outlet pipeline is positioned above the sea surface.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are provided with a plurality of groups.
As a further development of the invention, an electric heating device is provided in the safety container, which electric heating device is arranged around the outer wall of the main container.
The application method of the passive waste heat discharging system of the small-sized lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor comprises the following steps:
A. during normal production, heat generated by the reactor core exchanges heat through a heat exchanger in the small-sized lead-cooled ocean tank type natural circulation reactor, and then flows through a cooling tank to reenter the reactor core to complete natural circulation;
B. after the whole plant power failure accident occurs, the heat exchanger loses the heat exchange function;
C. the isolation valve which is normally closed by electric drive is opened due to the loss of power supply, seawater flows into the cooling channel through the vertical pipeline and the water inlet pipeline, the seawater exchanges heat with the safety container, and the heated and expanded seawater flows upwards and is discharged into the ocean environment through the water outlet pipeline or is directly vaporized and discharged.
D. After the accident is removed, the power supply is recovered, the isolation valve is closed, and the water pump is used for pumping the seawater remained in the cooling channel and the water inlet pipeline at the rear end of the isolation valve, so that the passive waste heat discharging system is recovered to a waiting working state; the heat exchanger resumes the heat exchange function.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention uses seawater as cooling medium to discharge the waste heat of reactor, the vertical pipeline has a certain height, and due to the height difference, the seawater can flow into the vertical pipeline and the water inlet pipeline automatically, and after the seawater exchanges heat with the safety container in the water inlet pipeline, the seawater is vaporized or flows into the sea through the water outlet pipeline, thereby forming natural circulation, and the natural circulation is completely passive without any external power supply and emergency power supply. The invention utilizes the seawater in the ocean environment, has simple system and high heat exchange efficiency, and directly acts on the pool type main loop, thereby having quick response. The invention is used for discharging the core decay waste heat under accident working conditions such as power failure of the whole plant and the like, and can prevent the core waste heat from being discharged in time to cause serious damage to the core or the safety container. The system has simple equipment, good heat exchange effect and low cost by means of marine environment. The invention has simple use method and high reliability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the passive residual heat removal system of the small-sized lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor of the invention.
In the figure: 1-a core; 2-a heat pool; 3-a cooling pool; 4-a main vessel; 5-a safety container; 6-an electric heating device; 7-a water inlet pipeline; 8-a water supply pipeline; 9-a water outlet pipeline; 10-an insulating layer; 11-isolating valve; 12-a heat exchanger; 13-a filtration device; 14-a water pump; 15-a platform; 16-blow-down pipe; 17-vertical pipeline; 18-venting valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a passive waste heat discharging system of a small lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor is provided, a safety container 5 is arranged outside a main container 4, the safety container 5 surrounds the side part and the bottom of the main container 4, an insulating layer 10 is arranged on the periphery of the side part of the safety container 5, a water supply pipeline 8 is arranged between the insulating layer 10 and the safety container 5, the lower end of the water supply pipeline 8 is connected with a water supply pipeline 7, an isolation valve 11 is arranged on the water supply pipeline 7, a vertical pipeline 17 is arranged at the water inlet end of the water supply pipeline 7, the upper end of the vertical pipeline 17 is positioned below the sea surface, a water outlet pipeline 9 is arranged at the upper end of the water supply pipeline 8, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipeline 9 is led to the sea surface.
The water inlet pipe 7 is provided with a filtering device 13.
The water inlet pipeline 7 is provided with a blow-down pipe 16, the blow-down pipe 16 is positioned at the rear end of the filtering device 13, and the blow-down pipe 16 is provided with a blow-down valve 18 and a water pump 14.
The water outlet end of the water outlet pipeline 9 is positioned above the sea surface. When the platform 15 is prevented from being flooded, seawater flows back into the water outlet conduit 9.
The water inlet pipeline 7, the water inlet pipeline 8 and the water outlet pipeline 9 are provided with a plurality of groups.
An electric heating device 6 is arranged in the safety container 5, and the electric heating device 6 is arranged around the outer wall of the main container 4.
The prior small-sized lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor is characterized in that a platform 15 is arranged in the ocean, a main container 4 is arranged in the platform 15, a hot pool 2, a cold pool 3 and a heat exchanger 12 are arranged in the main container 4, a reactor core 1 is arranged in the hot pool 2, the lower end of the hot pool 2 is communicated with the cold pool 3, the upper end of the hot pool 2 is connected with a working medium inlet of the heat exchanger 12, and a working medium outlet of the heat exchanger 12 is communicated with the cold pool 3.
The coolant flowing out of the reactor core 1 of the pool type reactor enters the hot pool 2 upwards, exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 12, flows downwards into the cold pool 3, flows into the hot pool 2 again and enters the reactor core 1, and completes natural circulation. Natural circulation has passive safety characteristics compared to forced circulation and is used in the design of metal reactors, particularly heavy metal reactors such as lead or lead bismuth. The reactor core 1 and other parts are all arranged in the main vessel 4 to form a closed loop. The electric heating device 6 is used for heating and temperature-regulating the outer wall surface of the main container 4, and is mainly used for controlling the temperature of the liquid metal in the reactor under the working condition of reactor startup or accident, so as to prevent the solidification of the metal. An insulating layer 10 is arranged outside the side wall of the safety container 5, and the insulating layer 10 and the electric heating device 6 play a role in regulating temperature together. Meanwhile, the heat preservation layer 10 also plays a role in preventing high-temperature heat radiation from damaging the concrete wall surface at the outer side of the stacking pit. The inlet pipeline 7 is provided with an isolation valve 11 which is normally closed by electric drive, and the isolation valve 11 is normally closed when the reactor is in a normal running state, so that the passive waste heat discharging system does not work.
When in accident working condition, the isolation valve 11 is automatically opened when power failure, seawater enters the vertical pipeline 17 and the water inlet pipeline 7 by gravity altitude difference, flows into the cooling channel 8 after being filtered by the filtering device 13, exchanges heat with the outer wall surface of the safety container 5, and finally is vaporized or flows into the sea through the water outlet pipeline to complete the function of passive residual row. After the accident is removed, the isolation valve 11 is electrically closed, the emptying valve 18 is opened, the seawater left in the cooling channel 8 and the water inlet pipeline 7 at the rear end of the isolation valve 11 is pumped by the water pump 14, and then the water pump 14 and the emptying valve 18 are closed, so that the passive waste heat discharging system is restored to a waiting working state.
Example 1,
Taking a power outage accident of the whole plant of the reactor as an example, in the embodiment, four groups of water inlet pipelines 7, water inlet pipelines 8 and water outlet pipelines 9 are arranged around the outer wall of the safety container 5 at intervals of 90 degrees.
The using method is as follows:
A. before the accident of power failure of the whole plant occurs, heat generated by the reactor core 1 exchanges heat with the secondary loop cooling working medium through the upper heat exchanger 12, and then flows through the cooling pond 3 to reenter the reactor core 1 to complete natural circulation. At this time, heat of the core 1 is taken away by the heat exchanger 12.
B. After the whole plant power failure accident occurs, the forced circulation of the second loop loses power, and the heat exchanger 12 loses heat exchange function; at this point, the core is shutdown, at which time a significant amount of decay heat still needs to be carried away for cooling.
C. The isolation valve 11 which is normally closed by electric drive is opened due to the loss of power supply, seawater enters the filtering device 13 through the vertical pipeline 17 and the water inlet pipeline 7, after large-diameter particles and floaters are filtered, the seawater flows into the cooling channel 8, the seawater exchanges heat with the outer wall surface of the safety container 5 in a heat exchange mode with the heat convection being dominant, the heated and expanded seawater flows upwards, and fluid is discharged into the ocean environment or is directly vaporized and discharged through the water outlet pipeline 9 due to natural circulation characteristics.
D. After the accident is removed, the power supply is restored. The isolation valve 11 is electrically closed, and the water pump 14 is used for pumping the seawater remained in the cooling channel 8 and the water inlet pipeline 7 at the rear end of the isolation valve 11, so that the passive waste heat discharging system is restored to a waiting working state. The heat exchanger 12 resumes the heat exchange function.
In the system design, a complete temperature measuring instrument is also arranged. Thermocouples should be arranged on the outer wall surfaces of the reactor main vessel 4 and the safety vessel 5 to measure the wall surface temperature; thermocouples are arranged in the water inlet pipeline 7, the cooling channel 8 and the water outlet pipeline 9 for measuring the temperature of the fluid. The temperature measuring instrument is matched with the electric heating device 6 to prevent the solidification of the liquid metal.
The design of the invention conforms to the definition of passive systems given by the international atomic energy organization (IAEA), namely: "a system consisting entirely of passive components, or a system that utilizes a limited number of passive components to initiate a subsequent passive process.
The invention can be passively started under accident conditions such as power failure of the whole factory by means of natural cold source of marine environment and natural circulation characteristic generated by reactor design height difference, without human intervention, and without any other heat exchange device, driving device and power supply facility. The final heat trap in the accident is the sea, no additional cooling water tank is needed, the whole system is simple, additional added equipment is few, and the sea water cooling brings a good heat exchange effect. The device can realize the functions of small-sized and high-safety discharging the waste heat of the reactor under the accident working condition. The whole set of system is arranged outside the main container, and the pile body does not need to be perforated, so that the reliability and safety convenience of the system are improved.
Claims (7)
1. A passive waste heat discharge system of small-size plumbum cold ocean pond formula natural circulation reactor, its characterized in that: the outside of main container (4) is equipped with safety container (5), safety container (5) lateral part periphery is equipped with heat preservation (10), be equipped with between heat preservation (10) and safety container (5) water supply line (8), inlet channel (7) are connected to water supply line (8) lower extreme, be equipped with isolation valve (11) on inlet channel (7), the inlet end of inlet channel (7) is equipped with vertical pipeline (17), vertical pipeline (17) upper end is located below the sea, water supply line (8) upper end is equipped with outlet conduit (9), the outlet end of outlet conduit (9) leads to the sea.
2. The passive waste heat removal system of a small lead-cooled ocean pool reactor of claim 1, wherein: the water inlet pipeline (7) is provided with a filtering device (13).
3. The small-sized lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor passive waste heat removal system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the water inlet pipeline (7) is provided with a blow-down pipe (16), and the blow-down pipe (16) is provided with a blow-down valve (18) and a water pump (14).
4. The passive waste heat removal system of a small lead-cooled ocean pool reactor of claim 3, wherein: the water outlet end of the water outlet pipeline (9) is positioned above the sea surface.
5. The passive waste heat removal system of a small lead-cooled ocean pool reactor of claim 4, wherein: the water inlet pipeline (7), the water inlet pipeline (8) and the water outlet pipeline (9) are provided with a plurality of groups.
6. The passive waste heat removal system of a small lead-cooled ocean pool reactor of claim 5, wherein: an electric heating device (6) is arranged in the safety container (5), and the electric heating device (6) is arranged around the outer wall of the main container (4).
7. The application method of the passive waste heat discharging system of the small-sized lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. during normal production, heat generated by the reactor core (1) exchanges heat through a heat exchanger (12) in the small-sized lead-cooled ocean tank type natural circulation reactor, and then flows through the cooling tank (3) to reenter the reactor core (1) to complete natural circulation;
B. after the whole plant power failure accident occurs, the heat exchanger (12) loses the heat exchange function;
C. the isolation valve (11) which is normally closed by electric drive is opened due to the loss of power supply, seawater flows into the cooling channel (8) through the vertical pipeline (17) and the water inlet pipeline (7), the seawater exchanges heat with the safety container (5), and the heated and expanded seawater flows upwards and is discharged into the ocean environment or directly vaporized and discharged through the water outlet pipeline (9);
D. after the accident is removed, the power supply is recovered, the isolation valve (11) is powered off, and the water pump (14) is used for pumping the seawater remained in the cooling channel (8) and the water inlet pipeline (7) at the rear end of the isolation valve (11), so that the passive waste heat discharging system is recovered to a waiting working state; the heat exchanger (12) resumes the heat exchange function.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310470226.7A CN116525154A (en) | 2023-04-27 | 2023-04-27 | Passive residual heat removal system of small lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor and use method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310470226.7A CN116525154A (en) | 2023-04-27 | 2023-04-27 | Passive residual heat removal system of small lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor and use method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116525154A true CN116525154A (en) | 2023-08-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202310470226.7A Pending CN116525154A (en) | 2023-04-27 | 2023-04-27 | Passive residual heat removal system of small lead-cooled ocean pool type natural circulation reactor and use method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116525154A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-04-27 CN CN202310470226.7A patent/CN116525154A/en active Pending
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