CN107369479B - Differential pressure-based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack and a nuclear reactor - Google Patents
Differential pressure-based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack and a nuclear reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107369479B CN107369479B CN201710642371.3A CN201710642371A CN107369479B CN 107369479 B CN107369479 B CN 107369479B CN 201710642371 A CN201710642371 A CN 201710642371A CN 107369479 B CN107369479 B CN 107369479B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/004—Pressure suppression
- G21C9/012—Pressure suppression by thermal accumulation or by steam condensation, e.g. ice condensers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a differential pressure-based passive shutdown system for an integrated reactor and a nuclear reactor, which comprise a cylinder body, wherein a piston rod is arranged in the cylinder body, a piston is arranged at the upper end of the piston rod, the diameter of the piston is larger than that of a piston rod, a valve cover plate is arranged at the end part of the piston rod above the piston, the cylinder body is fixed on a valve seat, a cylinder communication port is formed in the side wall of the cylinder body below the piston, the cylinder communication port is used for communicating the interior of the cylinder with a boron water cavity, the valve cover plate is positioned in a primary side loop, the lower end face of the valve cover plate is abutted against the upper end face of the cylinder body when the pressure of the primary side loop is larger than that of the boron water cavity, and the lower end face of the valve cover plate is separated from the upper end face of the cylinder body when the pressure of the primary side loop is smaller than that of the boron water cavity. The invention has simple structure and low cost, can control the operation and stop of the reactor without manual operation, improves the safety of equipment and reduces the maintenance cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of control equipment of nuclear reactors, and particularly relates to a differential pressure-based passive shutdown system for an integrated reactor and the nuclear reactor.
Background
In the reactor shutdown system in the prior art, the reactor shutdown and operation are carried out by controlling the in and out of the rod, so that the problems of complex operation, low safety and the like exist, and the negative temperature coefficient and the density coefficient of the reactor core are controlled by adjusting the boron concentration of the primary side cooling water in the operation process of the reactor, so that the operation and the shutdown of the reactor are controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a differential pressure-based passive shutdown system for an integrated reactor to improve the operation performance of the reactor.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a passive shutdown system based on pressure difference for integrated pile, including the cylinder body, be provided with the piston rod in the cylinder body, the upper end of piston rod is provided with the piston, the diameter of piston is greater than the diameter of piston rod, the tip of piston rod of piston top is provided with valve cover, the cylinder body is fixed on the disk seat, the cylinder intercommunication mouth has been seted up on the lateral wall of the cylinder body of piston below, the cylinder intercommunication mouth communicates with the boron water cavity with the cylinder inside, valve cover is located the pressure that is used for feeling primary side return circuit in the primary side return circuit, the lower terminal surface butt of valve cover and the up end of cylinder body when the pressure of primary side return circuit is greater than the pressure in the boron water cavity, the lower terminal surface of valve cover and the up end separation of cylinder body when the pressure of primary side return circuit is less than the pressure in the boron water cavity.
Further, a gap for the passage of boric acid water is reserved between the piston body and the inner side wall of the cylinder block.
Further, the outer side wall of the piston body is provided with threads, and a gap for the passage of boric acid water is reserved between the piston body and the inner side wall of the cylinder body.
Further, the gap is 5mm.
Further, the edge of the valve cover plate is bent upwards and outwards, and the longitudinal section of the valve cover plate is of an inverted herringbone structure.
Further, the lower end of the piston rod is provided with a leveling block.
Further, the interior of the balancing block is hollow, and the interior of the balancing block is filled with water.
Further, the space between the piston and the trim block is filled with boric acid water.
Further, the cylinder communication port is arranged between the balancing block and the piston.
The invention also relates to a nuclear reactor comprising the differential pressure-based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack.
Compared with the prior art, the differential pressure-based passive shutdown system for the integrated reactor and the nuclear reactor have the following advantages:
(1) The invention has simple structure and low cost, can control the operation and stop of the reactor without manual operation, improves the safety of equipment and reduces the maintenance cost;
(2) The outer wall of the piston is provided with the thread structure, the thread structure has high flow resistance, and meanwhile, the clearance between the outer wall of the piston and the inner wall of the cylinder and the thread structure of the piston body can effectively reduce the inflow of impurities into the cylinder, so that the safety and the stability of equipment are improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an integrated stack according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main circulation pump according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a steam generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a core according to an inventive embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a core according to an inventive embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a core according to an inventive embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a passive shutdown system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a top view of an integrated stack according to an inventive embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a pressure shell cylinder; 101. an upper end enclosure; 102. a lower end enclosure; 103. a feed water inlet; 104. a steam outlet; 2. a main circulation pump; 201. a motor; 202. a main shaft; 203. an impeller; 204. a pump housing; 2041. a discharge port; 2042. a flare structure; 205. a flange on the housing; 206. a pump inner housing; 207. a flange on the inner shell; 208. a shaft seal device; 209. an inner lower housing; 210. an aquatic bearing; 211. a motor stand; 212. an indirect connector; 3. a steam generator; 301. an inner cylinder of the steam generator; 302. an outer cylinder of the steam generator; 303. a steam generator intermediate drum; 304. a water feed header; 3041. a water inlet hole; 3042. a water outlet hole; 305. a water supply pipe; 306. a spiral tube; 307. a porous support plate; 308. a ring plate; 309. a tube sheet; 310. a cover plate; 4. a core; 401. a fuel assembly; 402. a fuel tank; 403. a fuel plate; 404. an annular plate; 4041. a coolant flow passage; 405. a circular lower cover plate; 406. a poison flow through device; 407. a poison expansion absorber; 408. a fixing ring; 4081. a fixing hole; 4082. an upper fixing block; 4083. a lower fixing block; 5. a poison tank; 501. an inner shell of the poison tank; 502. a poison canister housing; 503. the upper section of the poison tank; 504. a poison tank transition section; 505. the lower section of the poison tank; 6. a passive shutdown system; 601. a cylinder block; 602. a piston rod; 603. a piston; 6031. a thread; 604. a valve cover plate; 605. a valve seat; 606. leveling blocks; 607. a cylinder communication port; 608. a gap; a. a first annular cavity; b. a second annular chamber; c. cooling water flows through the cavity; d. a lower boron water cavity; e. a boron water cavity is formed; f. an upper chamber; g. and descending the channel.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships that are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, an integrated stack of a hot-melter type comprises a pressure shell cylinder 1, a poison tank 5 coaxially arranged with the pressure shell cylinder 1 is arranged at the lower part in the pressure shell cylinder 1, the poison tank 5 comprises a poison tank inner shell 501 and a poison tank outer shell 502, an upper boron water cavity e for containing boron water is formed between the poison tank inner shell 501 and the poison tank outer shell 502, and a passive shutdown system 6 for controlling the reactor is arranged on the poison tank 5 above the upper boron water cavity e. The middle of the bottom inside the poison tank 5 is provided with a reactor core 4, the poison tank 5 is narrow in upper part and wide in lower part, the outside of the narrow part of the poison tank 5 is provided with a steam generator 3, and the steam generator 3 is in a direct current spiral pipe type. The steam generator 3 is used for heat exchange of the secondary side loop, and a driving device for driving the primary side loop to circularly flow is arranged in the pressure shell body 1.
As shown in fig. 1, an upper chamber f is provided in the pressure shell body 1 above the steam generator 3, the upper chamber f communicates the interior of the poison tank 5 with the steam generator 3, an annular descending channel g is formed between the poison tank 5 and the pressure shell body 1, a radial coolant flow passage 4041 is opened on the circumference side of the lower end of the reactor core 4, and the coolant flow passage 4041 communicates the descending channel g with the reactor core 4. A lower boron water cavity d is arranged below the reactor core 4 in the pressure shell cylinder body 1, an upper boron water cavity e is communicated with the lower boron water cavity d, a poison flow-through device 406 is arranged at the lower end of the reactor core 4, and the poison flow-through device 406 is communicated with the reactor core 4 and the lower boron water cavity d.
As shown in fig. 3, the steam generator 3 includes a steam generator inner tube 301, a steam generator outer tube 302, and a steam generator intermediate tube 303 located between the steam generator inner tube 302 and the steam generator outer tube 302. The steam generator inner cylinder 302 is sleeved on the upper part of the poison tank 5, the lower end of the steam generator outer cylinder 302 is fixedly connected with one end of the water supply header 304, and the other end of the water supply header 304 is not contacted with the outer side walls of the steam generator inner cylinder 302 and the poison tank 5. The lower end of the steam generator middle cylinder 303 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the water supply header 304, and water inlet holes 3041 and water outlet holes 3042 are respectively formed in the water supply header 304 on two sides of the steam generator middle cylinder 303. The water feed pipe 305 is located in the first annular chamber a between the steam generator outer tube 302 and the steam generator intermediate tube 303, one end of the water feed pipe 305 is connected to the water inlet 3041, and the other end of the water feed pipe 305 is connected to the water feed inlet 103 provided in the pressure shell tube 1.
As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of spiral pipes 306 which are uniformly distributed are accommodated in the second annular cavity b between the inner cylinder 301 of the steam generator and the middle cylinder 303 of the steam generator, the spiral pipes 306 spiral upwards around the inner cylinder, the lower ends of the spiral pipes 306 are connected with water outlet holes 3042, and the upper ends of the spiral pipes 306 are connected with steam outlets 104 arranged on the pressure shell cylinder body 1. The outer diameter of the spiral tube 306 is 19mm, the spiral tube 306 has a plurality of spiral tubes 306, and the distance between the spiral tubes 306 is 25mm. In order to avoid the possibility of vibrations caused by the natural frequency of the spiral pipe 306 and the frequency of the card gate vortex vibration caused by the primary side water, the spiral pipe 306 is supported by a plurality of porous support plates 307, the porous support plates 307 are located between the steam generator inner cylinder 301 and the steam generator intermediate cylinder 303 and are arranged in a radial manner, and the spiral pipe 306 is spirally raised through the porous support plates 307. Preferably, the number of porous support plates 307 is sixteen. In order to make the spiral space of the spiral pipe 306 larger and the heat exchange more thorough, the steam generator middle cylinder 303 is located at a side of the middle of the steam generator inner cylinder 301 and the steam generator outer cylinder 302 close to the steam generator outer cylinder 302.
As shown in fig. 3, a ring plate 308 for fixing is provided on the outer wall of the steam generator outer tube 302, and the ring plate 308 is fixed to the pressure shell body 1. Tube plates 309 are fixedly connected to the water supply inlet 103 and the steam outlet 104 respectively, the tube plates 309 are used for fixing the water supply pipe 305 and the spiral tube 306 respectively, a cover plate 310 is fixedly connected to the top of the first annular cavity a, and the water supply pipe 305 penetrates through the cover plate 310.
As shown in fig. 1 and 8, the water supply inlet 103 and the steam outlet 104 are respectively provided on the side wall of the pressure shell body 1 at the upper chamber f, the number of the water supply inlet 103 and the steam outlet 104 is four, the water supply inlet 103 and the steam outlet 104 are uniformly and alternately provided, and the axes of the water supply inlet 103 and the steam outlet 104 are in the same horizontal plane and intersect at a point.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the core 4 includes a fuel assembly 401, the fuel assembly 401 is disposed in a fuel tank 402, the fuel assembly 401 and the fuel tank 402 are respectively fixed on a fuel plate 403, the lower end of the fuel plate 403 is fixedly connected with the upper end of an annular plate 404, the lower end of the annular plate 404 is fixedly connected with a circular lower cover plate 405, and the fuel plate 403, the annular plate 404 and the circular lower cover plate 405 form a closed cooling water circulation cavity c. The coolant flow passages 4041 are formed in the annular wall of the annular plate 404, and the coolant flow passages 4041 are distributed uniformly around the annular wall of the annular plate 404. The poison flow-through devices 406 are arranged on the round lower cover plate 405, the poison flow-through devices 406 penetrate through the round lower cover plate 405 and are vertically arranged, the upper ends of the poison flow-through devices 406 are located in the cooling water flow-through cavity c, the lower ends of the poison flow-through devices 406 are located in the lower boron water cavity d, the coolant flow channel 4041 is located above the lower boron water cavity d, and the lower boron water cavity d is located below the annular plate 404. The upper end of the poison flow-through 406 is located below the coolant flow channel 4041 and the lower end of the poison flow-through 406 is near the bottom of the lower boron water chamber d.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, a poison expansion absorber 407 for reducing the concentration of boric acid water is also provided on the circular lower cover plate 405. The poison flow-through 406 and the poison expansion absorber 407 are evenly distributed. The hexagonal structure is easy to insert and lift smoothly, and is more suitable for the underwater manipulator structure adopted during material changing. For ease of grasping, the fuel assemblies 401 are arranged in a hexagonal configuration, with the cross-sectional area of the fuel assemblies 401 being hexagonal. A fixing ring 408 for fixing is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the annular plate 404 below the coolant flow passage 4041. The fixing ring 408 is provided with a plurality of fixing holes 4081 for fixing in the vertical direction. The fixing member is fixed to the pressure shell body 1 through the fixing hole 4081.
As shown in fig. 2, the driving device includes a main circulation pump 2 provided at the top end of the pressure shell cylinder 1, the rotation axis of the main circulation pump 2 coincides with the axis of the pressure shell cylinder 1, the main circulation pump 2 includes a motor 201 located outside the pressure shell cylinder 1, and the motor 201 is supported above the pressure shell cylinder 1 by a motor table 211. The output shaft of the motor 201 is fixedly connected with one end of the main shaft 202 through an indirect connector 212, and the impeller 203 is fixedly connected with the other end of the main shaft 202. The main shaft 202 extends into a cylindrical pump housing 204, the pump housing 204 is coaxial with the main shaft 202, and the upper end of the pump housing 204 is fixedly connected to the pressure shell body 1 through a housing upper flange 205. The impeller 203 is located inside the pump housing 204, and the lower end of the impeller 203 protrudes slightly beyond the lower end of the pump housing 204. A plurality of discharge ports 2041 for discharging cooling water are opened on the side wall of the pump housing 204 in the upper chamber f above the impeller 203, and the discharge ports 2041 communicate the upper chamber f with the poison tank 5. The discharge ports 2041 are evenly distributed about the axis of the pump housing 204.
As shown in fig. 1, the impeller 203 is disposed inside the inner cylinder 301 of the steam generator above the poison tank 5, the pipe diameter of the pump housing 204 is smaller than the inner pipe diameter of the inner cylinder 301 of the steam generator, the inner cylinder 301 of the steam generator extends upward to the upper side of the water inlet 103 and the steam outlet 104, then bends towards the direction of the inner wall of the pressure shell cylinder 1, and then the end of the inner cylinder is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the pressure shell cylinder 1, and a plurality of inner cylinder overflow holes corresponding to the discharge ports 2041 are disposed on the side wall of the inner cylinder 301 of the steam generator. The steam generator inner tube 301 below the discharge port 2041 is fixed to the upper end of the steam generator inner tube 301 by a fixing plate.
As shown in fig. 2, a pump inner casing 206 for supporting the main shaft 202 is arranged between the main shaft 202 above the impeller 203 and the pump outer casing 204, the pump inner casing 206 is cylindrical, the pump inner casing 206 and the main shaft 202 are coaxial, an inner casing upper flange 207 is fixedly connected to one end of the pump inner casing 206 near the motor 201, the inner casing upper flange 207 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer casing upper flange 205, and the main shaft 202 and the inner casing upper flange 207 are connected through a shaft seal device 208. To support the main shaft 202, the inner bore diameter of the pump inner housing 206 below the outer housing upper flange 205 is slightly larger than the diameter of the main shaft 202, and the inside of the annular wall of the pump inner housing 206 below the outer housing upper flange 205 is hollow. An inner lower casing 209 is provided between the lower end of the pump inner casing 206 and the impeller 203, and an underwater bearing 210 for fixing the main shaft 202 is provided in the inner lower casing 209. The in-water bearing 210 is a hydrostatic bearing.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to facilitate easier suction of the primary-side circulating water by the main circulating pump 2, the lower end of the pump housing 204 is provided with a bell mouth structure 2042 having a downward opening. In order to fully utilize the internal space of the reactor pressure vessel, the volume of the entire pressure vessel is reduced, while a series of problems caused by thermal expansion during the operation of the reactor can be reduced. The spindle 202 is arranged in the upper part of the pressure vessel, the axis of the spindle 202 coinciding with the axis of the pressure vessel.
As shown in fig. 7, the passive shutdown system 6 is a hydraulic operation valve, which is disposed at the upper end of the poison tank 5, and the number of the hydraulic operation valves is three. The passive shutdown system 6 comprises a cylinder block 601, a piston rod 602 is arranged in the cylinder block 601, a piston 603 is arranged at the upper end of the piston rod 602, the diameter of the piston 603 is larger than that of the piston rod 602, and a valve cover plate 604 is arranged at the end part of the piston rod 602 above the piston 603. The cylinder body 601 is fixed on the valve seat 605, a cylinder communication port 607 is formed in the side wall of the cylinder body 601 below the piston 603, the cylinder communication port 607 inside the poison tank 5 communicates the cylinder with the upper boron water cavity e, and the valve cover plate 604 is located outside the poison tank 5 and is used for sensing the pressure of the primary side loop. When the pressure of the primary side loop is larger than the pressure in the upper boron water cavity e, the lower end face of the valve cover plate 604 is abutted against the upper end face of the cylinder body 601, the boron water cavity is in a closed state, and when the pressure of the primary side loop is smaller than the pressure in the upper boron water cavity e, the lower end face of the valve cover plate 604 is separated from the upper end face of the cylinder body 601, and the boron water cavity is opened.
As shown in fig. 7, the side wall of the piston 603 is provided with threads 6031, and a gap 608 of 5mm for passage of boric acid water is left between the piston 603 and the inner side wall of the cylinder. To facilitate the flow of boric acid water, the edges of the valve cover plate 604 are bent upward and outward, and the longitudinal section of the valve cover plate 604 is in an inverted chevron-shaped structure. The lower end of the piston rod 602 is provided with a leveling block 606. The trim block 606 is hollow inside and the trim block 606 is filled with water inside. The space between the piston 603 and the trim block 606 is filled with boric acid water. A cylinder communication port 607 is provided between the balancing block 606 and the piston 603.
As shown in fig. 1, the pressure shell body 1 comprises an upper end enclosure 101 and a lower end enclosure 102, the upper end enclosure 101 and the lower end enclosure 102 are connected through threads, the poison tank 5 is arranged in the lower end enclosure 102, and the driving device is arranged in the upper end enclosure 101. The poison tank 5 comprises a poison tank lower section 505, a poison tank transition section 504 and a poison tank upper section 503, the poison tank transition section 504 is in a conical tubular shape, the pipe diameter of the poison tank upper section 503 is smaller than that of the poison tank lower section 505, the steam generator inner cylinder 301 is sleeved outside the poison tank upper section 503, and the inner diameter of the steam generator inner cylinder 301 is equal to the outer diameter of the poison tank upper section 503.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the primary cooling water circulates in the pressure vessel, after being heated by the reactor core 4, the primary cooling water moves from bottom to top under the action of the main circulating pump 2, is discharged into the upper chamber f through the discharge port 2041 and the inner cylinder overflow hole, then flows downwards from the gap of the spiral pipe 306 of the steam generator 3, returns into the reactor core 4 through the descending channel g and the coolant flow channel 4041, and completes the circulation of the primary cooling water.
The secondary side cooling water enters the spiral tube 306 from the water supply inlet 103 through the water supply header 304, contacts with the primary side cooling water through the spiral tube 306 for full heat exchange, and finally flows out from the steam outlet 104, so that the cooling of the primary side loop and the heating of the secondary side loop are realized. The reactor is regulated by boric acid water in a poison tank 5 which is enclosed outside the reactor core 4, when the pressure of the main circulating pump 2 is reduced, three passive shutdown systems 6 at the upper end of the poison tank 5 are started, and boric acid water is automatically injected into the reactor core 4, so that slow shutdown of the reactor is realized.
Principle of operation of the main circulation pump 2: the whole main circulating pump 2 is driven by a motor 201 through a space connector to rotate a main shaft 202, primary side circulating water in a pressure shell body 1 flows upwards under the action of an impeller 203, and is discharged through a discharge port 2041 on a pump shell 204 to enter the top of a steam generator 3 for heat exchange. To reduce weight and increase rigidity, the lower portion of the main shaft 202 is hollow and the upper portion is solid, and the main shaft 202 passes through the housing upper flange 205. The radial load of the entire main circulation pump 2 is supported by the radial bearings of the motor 201 and the water bearing 210 provided at the lower portion of the housing, and the axial load is supported by the axial bearings of the motor 201. The in-water bearing 210 of the main circulation pump 2 is a hydrostatic bearing depending on the self-pressure action of the main circulation pump 2, and the bearing does not need lubricating oil, and the principle is that the bearing is non-contact in operation, so that the abrasion is less and the maintenance is basically not needed. A shaft seal 208 is provided on the upper portion of the main shaft 202 to seal the high-temperature and high-pressure steam filled in the upper portion of the reactor pressure vessel. The main circulating pump 2 is arranged at the axis position right above the pressure shell cylinder 1, so that the internal space of the reactor pressure shell cylinder 1 is fully utilized, the volume of the whole pressure shell cylinder 1 is reduced, and a series of problems caused by thermal expansion in the operation process of the reactor can be reduced, so that the nuclear reactor equipment has compact structure, high reliability and good safety.
The working principle of the steam generator 3: the steam generator 3 adopts a large coil pipe, and is designed with four water supply inlets 103 and four steam outlets 104 which are adjacently and alternately arranged. The water on the secondary side of the steam generator 3 enters from the water supply inlet 103, enters into the water supply header 304 downwards through the water supply pipe 305, enters into the lower spiral pipe 306 under the action of pressure, and forms steam to the steam outlet 104 by heat exchange with the water on the primary side outside the pipe in the rising process of the water in the spiral pipe 306, so that the steam turbine is driven to do work and the generator is driven to generate electricity. The water flow directions of the primary side and the secondary side are opposite, so that the heat exchange can be fully performed. By controlling the feed water to the single feed water inlet 103, a 1/4 power operation of the steam generator can be achieved, and if not plugged, the steam generator 3 is operated at full power.
The steam generator 3 can be used not only in nuclear reactors, but also in other heat exchange occasions, such as thermal power generation systems or chemical heat exchange and transfer equipment. The invention adopts the integrated design of the pressure vessel and the steam generator 3, fully utilizes the internal space of the reactor pressure vessel, and simultaneously sets four water supply inlets 103 and steam outlets 104, thereby effectively reducing the volume of the whole steam generator 3 and improving the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, the control of the four water supply inlets 103 can realize the power adjustment of the steam generator 3, and the operation is convenient.
The passive shutdown of the reactor is realized by the passive shutdown system 6, when the pressure of the primary side loop is high, because the pressure of the primary side loop is larger than that of boric acid water, under the action of the pressure, the lower end face of the valve cover plate 604 is abutted with the upper end face of the cylinder body 601, the boron water cavity is closed, and boric acid water in the lower boron water cavity d cannot enter the reactor core 4. The poison flow-through 406 is a honeycomb-shaped mixing preventer which can control the flow of boron water under the action of pressure difference, so as to realize the adjustment of the concentration of primary side loop boron water, and thus the adjustment of reactor power. When the rotation speed of the main circulation pump 2 is reduced, or the pressure in the primary side loop is reduced, the lower end surface of the valve cover plate 604 is separated from the upper end surface of the cylinder block 601, boric acid water in the boric acid water cavity can flow out through a gap 608 between the piston 603 and the cylinder, then the boric acid water flowing out is introduced into the lower boric acid water cavity d through the drainage tube, under the action of the pressure, the boric acid water in the lower boric acid water cavity d flows into the reactor core 4 through the poison flow device 406, and boric acid has the effect of absorbing neutrons, so that passive shutdown is realized.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A differential pressure based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack, characterized by:
the device comprises a cylinder body (601), wherein a piston rod (602) is arranged in the cylinder body (601), a piston (603) is arranged at the upper end of the piston rod (602), the diameter of the piston (603) is larger than that of the piston rod (602), a valve cover plate (604) is arranged at the end part of the piston rod (602) above the piston (603), the cylinder body (601) is fixed on a valve seat (605), a cylinder communication port (607) is formed in the side wall of the cylinder body (601) below the piston (603), the cylinder communication port (607) is used for communicating the inside of the cylinder with a boron water cavity, the valve cover plate (604) is positioned in a primary side loop and used for sensing the pressure of the primary side loop, the lower end face of the valve cover plate (604) is abutted against the upper end face of the cylinder body (601) when the pressure of the primary side loop is larger than the pressure in the boron water cavity, and the lower end face of the valve cover plate (604) is separated from the upper end face of the cylinder body (601).
The edge of the valve cover plate (604) is bent upwards and outwards, and the longitudinal section of the valve cover plate (604) is of an inverted herringbone structure; the lower end of the piston rod (602) is provided with a leveling block (606); the trim block (606) is hollow inside and the trim block (606) is filled with water inside.
2. The differential pressure based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack of claim 1, wherein:
a gap (608) for the passage of boric acid water is reserved between the piston (603) and the inner side wall of the cylinder block (601).
3. The differential pressure based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack of claim 1, wherein:
the outer side wall of the piston (603) is provided with threads (6031), and a gap (608) for the passage of boric acid water is reserved between the piston (603) and the inner side wall of the cylinder block (601).
4. The differential pressure based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack of claim 3, wherein:
the gap (608) is 5mm.
5. The differential pressure based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack of claim 1, wherein:
the space between the piston (603) and the balancing block (606) is filled with boric acid water.
6. The differential pressure based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack of claim 1, wherein:
the cylinder communication port (607) is arranged between the leveling block (606) and the piston (603).
7. A nuclear reactor, characterized by:
a differential pressure based passive shutdown system (6) for an integrated stack comprising any of claims 1 to 6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710642371.3A CN107369479B (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2017-07-31 | Differential pressure-based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack and a nuclear reactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710642371.3A CN107369479B (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2017-07-31 | Differential pressure-based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack and a nuclear reactor |
Publications (2)
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