GB2601602A - Containment shell simulation test apparatus - Google Patents
Containment shell simulation test apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- GB2601602A GB2601602A GB2113586.8A GB202113586A GB2601602A GB 2601602 A GB2601602 A GB 2601602A GB 202113586 A GB202113586 A GB 202113586A GB 2601602 A GB2601602 A GB 2601602A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/001—Mechanical simulators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D3/00—Control of nuclear power plant
- G21D3/001—Computer implemented control
- G21D3/005—Thermo-hydraulic simulations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus for simulating a reactor containment shell of a nuclear power plant comprises a containment shell simulator 1a, a gas supply system 1b, a passive heat removal system 1c and a data system. The containment shell simulator has the same shape as that of a real containment shell and is divided into a bottom space and an upper space. The gas supply system includes a plurality of discharge ports at different positions in the containment shell simulator and configured to selectively release a mixture of gases with different parameters to simulate gas spraying within the real containment shell under various accident conditions. The data system includes a data reception unit and a plurality of data collection units, which are distributed at different positions in the containment shell simulator and configured to collect thermal-hydraulic parameters. The data reception unit is electrically connected to the plurality of data collection units and configured to receive the thermal-hydraulic parameters transmitted by the plurality of data collection units.
Description
CONTAINMENT SHELL SIMULATION TEST APPARATUS
Technical Field
The present invention belongs to a technical field of accident simulation of a reactor containment shell of a nuclear power plant, and particularly relates to a containment shell simulation test apparatus.
Background Art
Currently, a passive safety system is internationally adopted in third-generation nuclear power technologies in large quantities to cope with operating conditions in which station black-out accidents or active safety system failures take place, but starting and running of the passive safety system are very complicated and the starting and running of the passive safety system can not be predicted and determined.
A pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant is a typical type of nuclear power system whose containment shell usually has a large dimension and a large capacity. Under such a large scale, there must be a problem that thermal-hydraulic parameters such as temperatures, pressures, components in the containment shell are unevenly distributed, and these thermal-hydraulic parameters have great impacts on normal operation of the passive safety system.
However, due to the particularity of nuclear industry production, thermal-hydraulic phenomena such as thermal layering, component layering that occur in a real containment shell with a large volume under accident conditions and a coupling behavior between the thermal-hydraulic phenomena and the passive safety system can not be completely obtained up to now.
Summary
In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a containment shell simulation test apparatus that can realize a simulation test research on complicated thermal-hydraulic phenomena such as thermal layering, distribution of multiple gas components in a containment shell and a coupling behavior between the thermal-hydraulic phenomena and a passive safety system The present invention provides a containment shell simulation test apparatus, in which the following technical solutions are adopted: A containment shell simulation test apparatus comprises a containment shell simulator, a gas supply system, a passive heat removal system and a data system, wherein the containment shell simulator is configured to have a shape the same as that of a real containment shell, an interior space of the containment shell simulator being divided into a bottom space simplified according to housing spaces for functional facilities inside the real containment shell and an upper space above the bottom space, wherein the gas supply system includes a plurality of discharge ports that are respectively provided at different positions in the bottom space and the upper space of the containment shell simulator and configured to selectively release a mixture of a variety of gases with different parameters to simulate gas spraying within the real containment shell under various accident conditions, wherein the data system includes a data reception unit and a plurality of data collection units, wherein the plurality of data collection units are respectively distributed at different positions in the bottom space and the upper space of the containment shell simulator and configured to collect thermal-hydraulic parameters of the different positions within the containment shell simulator, the thermal-hydraulic parameters being formed through an interaction between the passive heat removal system and thermal-hydraulic phenomena produced by simulating the accident conditions within the containment shell simulator using the gas supply system, and wherein the data reception unit is electrically connected to the plurality of data collection units and configured to receive the thermal-hydraulic parameters transmitted by the plurality of data collection units.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the bottom space of the interior space of the containment shell simulator is separated into a plurality of compartments, and the plurality of discharge ports are respectively provided in the plurality of compartments and the upper space.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the gas supply system includes a steam unit, an air unit, a helium unit and a spray pipeline, and at least two of steam, compressed air and helium gas are mixed in the spray pipeline to become a homogeneous body.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the steam unit, the air unit and the helium unit are respectively connected to an initial end of the spray pipeline and configured to respectively provide the steam, the compressed air and the helium gas; the spray pipeline includes a plurality of terminal ends that are respectively provided in the plurality of compartments and the upper space, and the plurality of discharge ports are respectively provided on the plurality of terminal ends of the spray pipeline.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the steam unit includes a steam supply device and a steam pipeline, the steam supply device includes a gas-fired boiler and an electric boiler both of which are connected to one end of the steam pipeline, and the other end of the steam pipeline is connected to the initial end of the spray pipeline.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the data collection units include at least one of a temperature detection mechanism, a pressure detection mechanism, a component detection mechanism, a flow velocity detection mechanism and a flow rate detection mechanism; the temperature detection mechanism is configured to detect a temperature within the containment shell simulator, the pressure detection mechanism is configured to detect a pressure within the containment shell simulator, the component detection mechanism is configured to detect a concentration of components of gases within the containment shell simulator, the flow velocity detection mechanism is configured to detect a flow velocity of the gases within the containment shell simulator, and the flow rate detection mechanism is configured to detect a flow rate of the gases sprayed by the spray pipeline.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the passive heat removal system includes a plurality of natural circulation loops each of which includes a heat exchange water tank and at least one heat exchanger; the heat exchange water tank is provided outside the containment shell simulator above a top of the containment shell simulator to provide cooling water; the heat exchanger is provided in the upper space of the containment shell simulator and configured to communicate with the heat exchange water tank to perform heat exchange on the cooling water.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, a positional height of one of two heat exchangers in a first natural circulation loop and that of one of two heat exchangers in a second natural circulation loop are the same as a positional height of one heat exchanger in a third natural circulation loop; the other of the two heat exchangers in the first natural circulation loop and the other of the two heat exchangers in the second natural circulation loop are respectively below and above the one heat exchanger in the third natural circulation loop. In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the containment shell simulation test apparatus further includes a gas exhaust pipeline and a vacuum break valve; the gas exhaust pipeline is connected to the interior space of the containment shell simulator and configured to exhaust gases within the containment shell simulator; the vacuum break valve is provided on the containment shell simulator and configured to prevent a negative pressure within the containment shell simulator.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the data system further includes a central control unit that is electrically connected to the data collection units and configured to perform data processing on the thermal-hydraulic parameters received by the data reception unit; the central control unit is electrically connected to the gas supply system, the passive heat removal system, the gas exhaust pipeline and the vacuum break valve respectively and configured to control the start or stop and an opening of the gas supply system, the passive heat removal system, the gas exhaust pipeline and the vacuum break valve according to the received thermal-hydraulic parameters and a result of the data processing.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the containment shell simulation test apparatus further includes a water level meter that is provided in the heat exchange water tank, and the water level meter is electrically connected to the data reception unit and the central control unit and configured to detect water level information in the heat exchange water tank.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the containment shell simulation test apparatus further includes a plurality of protectors and/or a plurality of condensed water collectors, the plurality of protectors are provided within the containment shell simulator, and each protector is located between a respective heat exchanger and an axial centerline of the containment shell simulator near to the respective heat exchanger and configured to block emissions generated within the containment shell simulator under the accident conditions, the plurality of condensed water collectors are provided within the containment shell simulator and each condensed water collector is located below a respective heat exchanger and configured to collect condensed water produced on the respective heat exchanger.
The present invention has the following advantageous effects: (1) The containment shell simulator is a super large-sized shell and the interior space of the containment shell simulator is reasonably designed and partitioned according to the housing spaces for the functional facilities inside the real containment shell so that the simulated distribution of the thermal-hydraulic parameters within the containment shell simulator under different accident conditions comes nearer to be in consistency with a real situation, and thus accuracy of the test is improved.
(2) Through use of the gas-fired boiler and the electric boiler in combination, steam meeting different requirements can be provided, more accident conditions can be simulated, and a scope of test research of the simulation test apparatus is expanded.
(3) Data collection points are reasonably disposed and widely distributed, which can improve precision of test data and provide strong support for test research and analysis.
(4) By reasonably disposing the heat exchangers of the passive heat removal system and additional mechanisms such as the protectors, a cold shield effect is produced in the interior space of the containment shell simulator so that test research on the interaction between the complicated thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the containment shell and the passive heat removal system is possible, and test research on the complicated coupling behavior between the thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the containment shell and the passive heat removal system is also realized.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a containment shell simulation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an interior space and separated compartments of a containment shell simulator of the containment shell simulation test apparatus in Fig. 1 Fig. 3 is a top view of the interior space and the separated compartments of the containment shell simulator in Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a data system of the containment shell simulation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1 -containment shell simulation test apparatus; la-containment shell simulator; lb-gas supply system; 1c-passive heat removal system; 1d-data system; 2-compartments; 3-spray pipeline; 3a-steam unit; 3b-air unit; 3c-helium unit; 4-steam supply device; 5-steam pipeline; 6-first flow meter; 7-first regulating valve; 8-air supply device; 9-air pipeline; 10-second flow meter; 11-second regulating valve; 12-helium supply device; 13-helium pipeline; 14-third flow meter; 15-third regulating valve; 16-heat exchangers; 17-cold pipe segment; 18-hot pipe segment; 19-heat exchange water tanks; 20-forced circulation loop; 21-drainage pipeline: 22-charging pipeline; 23-gas exhaust pipeline; 24-vacuum break valve; 25-condensed water collectors, 26-protectors; 27-condensed water tank; 28-central control unit; 29-data reception unit; 30-data collection units; 31-temperature detection mechanism, 32-pressure detection mechanism, 33-component detection mechanism; 34-flow velocity detection mechanism; 35-flow rate detection mechanism; 36-water level meter.
Detailed Description of the Embodiments
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments thereof In the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left" and "right" are used to facilitate description of directions and positions in the technical solutions in connection with the drawings, but do not constitute a limitation to the embodiments.
As shown in Fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a containment shell simulation test apparatus 1 comprising a containment shell simulator la, a gas supply system lb, a passive heat removal system lc and a data system Id, in which: the containment shell simulator la is configured to have a shape the same as that of a real containment shell, an interior space of the containment shell simulator la being divided into a bottom space simplified according to housing spaces for functional facilities inside the real containment shell and an upper space above the bottom space; the gas supply system lb includes a plurality of discharge ports that are respectively provided at different positions in the bottom space and the upper space of the containment shell simulator 1 a (for example, at different heights within the containment shell simulator) and configured to selectively release a mixture of a variety of gases with different parameters to simulate gas spraying within the real containment shell under various accident conditions; the data system Id includes a data reception unit 29 and a plurality of data collection units 30; the plurality of data collection units 30 are respectively distributed at different positions in the bottom space and the upper space of the containment shell simulator la (for example, at different heights within the containment shell simulator) and configured to collect thermal-hydraulic parameters of the different positions within the containment shell simulator la, the thermal-hydraulic parameters being formed through an interaction between the passive heat removal system lc and thermal-hydraulic phenomena produced by simulating the accident conditions within the containment shell simulator la using the gas supply system lb; and the data reception unit 29 is electrically connected to the plurality of data collection units 30 and configured to receive the thermal-hydraulic parameters transmitted by the plurality of data collection units 30 For example, the data reception unit 29 may be a personal computer (PC), a memory, a data interface, a communication module, a network server, a mobile terminal or the like. For example, the data reception unit 29 includes a display screen for displaying the received thermal-hydraulic parameters. In one embodiment, the bottom space of the interior space of the containment shell simulator la is separated into a plurality of compartments 2 to simulate an internal structure of the real containment shell, and the plurality of discharge ports are respectively provided in the plurality of compartments 2 and the upper space above the compartment 2 so that a real flowing situation of the gases within the containment shell under the accident conditions can be obtained by simulation, thereby improving accuracy of test.
The containment shell is generally a cylindrical pre-stressed reinforced concrete building with a hemispherical dome that has an inner diameter of about 40m, a wall thickness of about lm, and a height of about 60-70m, and in which a steel plate is lined to ensure an overall sealing performance. Normally, functional facilities such as a fuel pool, a pressure vessel, a steam generator, a water injection cooling system and a pressure stabilizer are provided inside the containment shell, and the containment shell has housing spaces for accommodating these facilities.
In the embodiment, the internal structure of the real containment shell is appropriately simplified, the number of compartments 2 is seven, for example, and the seven compartments are respectively provided in the bottom space of the containment shell simulator la, wherein one compartment is provided at a central position to simulate a fuel pool compartment and an annular gallery (marked as R), the other six compartments are annularly distributed around the central compartment to simulate one reactor pressure vessel compartment (marked as F), three steam generator compartments (respectively marked as l#SG, 2#SG, 3#SG), one reactor cavity water injection cooling system compartment (marked as CIS) and one pressure stabilizer compartment (marked as P) respectively; and each compartment is separated into upper and lower layers by separators A to meet different test requirements In some embodiments, how each compartment 2 is specifically distributed can be shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, and a specific size of each compartment 2 can be determined based on a proportion after a modeling analysis according to a nuclear power plant design. Certainly, during the simulation test, relative positions of the seven compartments may be interchanged with each other according to actual use requirements; the number of the compartments is also not limited to seven, and other number of the compartments are also possible as long as the number of the compartments after simplification corresponds to the internal structure of the real containment shell as an object to be simulated.
In the embodiment, a shape of the containment shell simulator 1 a is the same as that of the real containment shell of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, and is also a cylinder with a hemispherical dome, that is, the containment shell simulation test apparatus in the embodiment is mainly used to simulate the thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the real containment shell of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant. Given a certain condition, a size ratio of the containment shell simulator la to the real containment shell should be as close as possible to 1:1, especially a height ratio, to ensure that the distribution of thermal-hydraulic parameters within the containment shell simulator is as consistent as possible with a real situation. In the embodiment, a volume ratio of the containment shell simulator la to the real containment shell is not less than 1:100, which means the containment shell simulator la is a super large-sized containment shell simulator. Compared with a traditional small volume containment shell simulator, the thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the containment shell simulated by the super large-sized containment shell simulator are closer to an actual situation so that precision of test data can be improved.
The containment shell simulation test apparatus of the embodiment may further include an insulation layer that covers the containment shell simulator la outside the containment shell simulator la so as to accurately simulate heat generated through thermal dissipation by an actual containment shell during the operation of the nuclear power plant.
In one embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1, the gas supply system lb includes a spray pipeline 3, a steam unit 3a, an air unit 3b and a helium unit 3c, and at least two of three gases of steam, compressed air, and helium gas are sufficiently mixed in the spray pipeline 3 to become a homogeneous body.
In one embodiment, the steam unit 3a is connected to an initial end of the spray pipeline 3 to provide the steam to make a temperature in the containment shell simulator 1 a reach the temperature of the simulated accident condition. The spray pipeline 3 includes a plurality of terminal ends that are respectively provided in the plurality of compartments 2 within the containment shell simulator la and the upper space above the compartments 2, and the plurality of discharge ports are respectively provided on the plurality of terminal ends of the spray pipeline 3 In one embodiment, the steam unit 3a includes a steam supply device 4 and a steam pipeline 5. The steam supply device 4 is used to provide the steam, a temperature of which is a saturation temperature under a corresponding pressure. One end of the steam pipeline 5 is connected to the steam supply device 4, and the other end of the steam pipeline 5 is connected to the initial end of the spray pipeline 3 to deliver the steam provided by the steam supply device 4 to the spray pipeline 3. The steam is sprayed from the discharge ports in the compartments 2 after it is delivered to the compartments 2 in the containment shell simulator la by the spray pipeline 3. A first flow meter 6 and a first regulating valve 7 are provided in the steam pipeline 5, and a flow rate of the steam in the steam pipeline 5 is detected by the first flow meter 6 so as to regulate the first regulating valve 7 to control a flow velocity and a flow rate of the steam.
In the embodiment, the steam supply device 4 may be a boiler including a gas-fired boiler and an electric boiler. The gas-fired boiler generally has a power high up to 4000KW or more, and can provide the steam corresponding to a large power range, thereby satisfying a steam supply when the amount of the steam required is large. The electric boiler generally has a low power but is high in control accuracy, and can provide the steam corresponding to a high-precision power, thereby satisfying a steam supply when the precision of the amount of the steam required is high. Through a combined use of the gas-fired boiler and the electric boiler, not only a supply of instant high power steam but also a long-term supply of high-precision steam in a lower power range can be realized, thereby realizing the simulation of a spraying procedure of the steam leaked under different accident conditions.
In the embodiment, the steam unit 3a further includes an insulating component (not shown in the drawings) that is provided outside the steam pipeline 5 to perform thermal insulation on the steam pipeline 5 so as to prevent condensation of the steam in the steam pipeline 5 during delivery.
In one embodiment, the gas supply system lb further includes an air unit 3b and a helium unit 3c, the air unit 3b is connected to the initial end of the spray pipeline 3 to provide compressed air for test, and the helium unit 3c is connected to the initial end of the spray pipeline 3 to supply helium gas for test (for simulating hydrogen gas). In the embodiment, the air unit 3b includes an air supply device 8 and an air pipeline 9, one end of the air pipeline 9 is connected to the air supply device 8, and the other end of the air pipeline 9 is connected to the initial end of the spray pipeline 3. A second flow meter 10 and a second regulating valve 11 are provided in the air pipeline 9 to control the amount of the compressed air delivered to the spray pipeline 3. In the embodiment, the air supply device 8 uses an air compressor that provides compress air in a pressure range from 0.1 to 11V1Pa, for example. The helium unit 3c is used to simulate a distribution of non-condensable gases such as helium gas in the containment shell. In the embodiment, the helium unit 3c includes a helium supply device 12 and a helium pipeline 13, one end of the helium pipeline 13 is connected to the helium supply device 12, and the other end of the helium pipeline 13 is connected to the initial end of the spray pipeline 3. A third flow meter 14 and a third regulating valve 15 are provided in the helium pipeline 13 to control the amount of helium gas delivered to the spray pipeline 3. In the embodiment, the helium supply device 12 is a helium gas cylinder that provides the required helium gas in a pressure range from 0.1 to 14MPa, for example.
During the simulation test, through cooperation of regulating valves such as the first regulating valve 7, the second regulating valve 11 and the third regulating valve 15, the steam, the compressed air and the helium gas are respectively merged into the spray pipeline 3 to be sufficiently mixed therein to form a gas mixture required for simulating accident conditions, and then the gas mixture is selectively sprayed from the discharge ports in different compartments 2. By controlling a flow velocity, a flow rate and components of the sprayed gas mixture, different accident conditions including design basic conditions and design extended conditions, such as LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident), MSLB (Main Steam Line Break accident) and SBO (Station Black-out accident), can be simulated, and variations in directions and flow velocities of leaked gases during diffusion under different accident conditions can be further simulated.
In one embodiment, the passive heat removal system lc (as a kind of passive conduction system (PCS)) includes a plurality of natural circulation loops each of which includes a heat exchange water tank 19 and at least one heat exchanger 16. The heat exchange water tank 19 is provided outside the containment shell simulator la above a top of the containment shell simulator la to provide cooling water. The heat exchanger 16 is provided in the upper space of the containment shell simulator la and configured to communicate with the heat exchange water tank 19 to perform heat exchange on the cooling water.
As an example, each natural circulation loop includes the heat exchange water tank 19, the heat exchanger 16, and a communication pipeline between them, i.e., a cold pipe segment 17 and a hot pipe segment 18. For example, the heat exchange water tank 19 is provided above the top of the containment shell simulator la, and the heat exchanger 16 is provided in the upper space of the internal space of the containment shell simulator la. The heat exchange water tank 19 at least has one outlet and one inlet, the one outlet of the heat exchange water tank 19 is connected to a cooling medium inlet of the heat exchanger 16 through the cold pipe segment 17, and a cooling medium outlet of the heat exchanger 16 is connected to the one inlet of the heat exchange water tank 19 through the hot pipe segment 18. A valve may be provided in the cold pipe segment 17 and/or the hot pipe segment 18 to open and close the natural circulation loop. When the natural circulation loop is operated, the cooling water (with an ambient temperature) in the heat exchange water tank 19 is delivered to the heat exchanger 16 through the cold pipe segment 17.
The cooling water exchanges heat with the gases in the containment shell simulator la by the heat exchanger 16. The temperature of the cooling water after heat exchange rises (up to the saturation temperature), and the cooling water then returns to the heat exchange water tank 19 through the hot pipe segment 18 for recycling In the embodiment, as shown in Fig. I, three natural circulation loops are sequentially arranged from left to right in a horizontal direction (i.e., a circumferential direction of the containment shell simulator la), wherein two heat exchangers 16 connected in parallel are respectively provided in two (first and second) natural circulation loops (that is, each natural circulation loop includes two heat exchangers 16 connected in parallel, and the two heat exchangers 16 are arranged in a vertical direction or an up-down direction), and only one heat exchanger 16 is provided in another (a third) natural circulation loop. A positional height of one heat exchanger 16 (an upper heat exchanger) of two heat exchangers 16 in a first natural circulation loop and that of one heat exchanger 16 (a lower heat exchanger) of two heat exchangers 16 in a second natural circulation loop are the same as a positional height of one heat exchanger 16 in a third natural circulation loop, which positional height is for example equal to an actual height of heat exchangers in the containment shell of the nuclear power plant. The other heat exchanger 16 (a lower heat exchanger) of the two heat exchangers 16 in the first natural circulation loop and the other heat exchanger 16 (an upper heat exchanger) of the two heat exchangers 16 in the second natural circulation loop are respectively below and above the one heat exchanger 16 in the third natural circulation loop.
By disposing the heat exchangers 16 in the above manner, the heat exchangers 16 can be caused to produce a cold shield effect in a thermal space (it means that there is a cooling wall surface in the thermal space, which will naturally form wall surface heat transfer including heat conduction, condensation heat conduction, etc., thus forming a temperature gradient near the wall surface). The cold shield effect can affect a thermal-hydraulic state in the containment shell simulator, and the thermal-hydraulic state in the containment shell simulator can in turn affect the cold shield effect of the heat exchangers, so that the influence of heights of the heat exchangers in the passive heat removal system on their heat exchange can be analyzed through tests, and a contrastive analysis of the passive heat transfer under different height differences and different thermal-hydraulic environments can be realized In the embodiment, the passive heat removal system lc may further include a forced circulation loop 20 that is connected in parallel to the cold pipe segment 17 of a respective natural circulation loop, and a forced circulation pump is provided in the forced circulation loop 20. By starting the forced circulation pump, the cooling water in the heat exchange water tank 19 can be forcibly delivered to the heat exchanger 16 for forced heat exchange, to achieve specific test requirements for fixed parameters.
In the embodiment, the passive heat removal system lc further includes a drainage pipeline 21 and a charging pipeline 22. The charging pipeline 22 is connected to a standby water supply and the heat exchange water tank 19, and a charging control valve is provided in the charging pipeline 22 to provide circulating water (i.e., the cooling water) required by the passive heat removal system lc from the standby water supply. The drainage pipeline 21 is also connected to the heat exchange water tank 19, and a drainage control valve is provided in the drain pipeline 21 to drain the cooling water in the heat exchange water tank 19.
In one embodiment, the containment shell simulation test apparatus 1 further includes a gas exhaust pipeline 23 and a vacuum break valve 24, the gas exhaust pipeline 23 is connected to the interior space of the containment shell simulator la and configured to exhaust the gases within the containment shell simulator 1 a to reduce the pressure in the containment shell simulator, and the vacuum break valve 24 is provided on the containment shell simulator la and configured to prevent a negative pressure within the containment shell simulator.
As an example, the gas exhaust pipeline 23 is provided, for example, at an upper portion or a top portion of the containment shell simulator la, and an exhaust control valve is provided in the gas exhaust pipeline 23 to exhaust the gases in the containment shell simulator la. For example, after one simulation test is finished, the gases in the containment shell simulator is exhausted to reduce the pressure in the containment shell simulator and cool the containment shell simulator. The vacuum break valve 24 is provided, for example, at an upper portion or a top portion of the containment shell simulator la to prevent the containment shell simulator from being damaged due to a negative pressure In one embodiment, as shown in Fig. 4, the data collection units 30 include at least one of a temperature detection mechanism 31, a pressure detection mechanism 32, a component detection mechanism 33, a flow velocity detection mechanism 34 and a flow rate detection mechanism 35. The temperature detection mechanism 31 is configured to detect a temperature within the containment shell simulator la, the pressure detection mechanism 32 is configured to detect a pressure within the containment shell simulator la, the component detection mechanism 33 is configured to detect a concentration of components of the gases within the containment shell simulator I a, the flow velocity detection mechanism 34 is configured to detect a flow velocity of the gases within the containment shell simulator la, and the flow rate detection mechanism 35 is configured to detect a flow rate of the gases sprayed by the spray pipeline 3.
For example, the temperature detection mechanism 31 may use any one commercially available temperature detection instrument such as a thermocouple thermometer, and detection points thereof include positions where a temperature is required to be collected, such as a wall surface and the interior space of the containment shell simulator la, a wall surface and an internal space of each compartment 2, a wall surface of the heat exchanger 16 and an interior of each pipeline so as to collect temperature information. The pressure detection mechanism 32 may use a pressure meter that is connected to the containment shell simulator la to collect pressure information inside the containment shell simulator. The component detection mechanism 33 may use a mass spectrometer and/or a helium purity meter, and detection points thereof at least include positions in each compartment, positions near the heat exchanger and the like so that concentration information of the gas components at each position can be collected regularly or irregularly in the simulation test. The flow velocity detection mechanism 34 may use a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). Since the LDV is movable, a mobile detection of different regions can be realized. Detection points of the LDV include positions where a gas flow velocity difference may be generated, such as the internal space of each compartment, different heights in the interior space of the containment shell simulator la or the like so as to collect gas flow velocity information of each region. The flow rate detection mechanism 35 mainly includes the first flow meter 6, the second flow meter 10 and the third flow meter 14 provided in the gas supply system lb so as to collect gas flow rate information of the gas sprayed correspondingly during the simulation test Given a certain condition, the detection points of the temperature detection mechanism 31, the pressure detection mechanism 32, the component detection mechanism 33, the flow velocity detection mechanism 34 and the flow rate detection mechanism 35 in the embodiment should be distributed as far as possible throughout various positions in the interior space of the containment shell simulator 1 a (including the upper space above the compartments 2) to improve the precision of test data so as to provide strong data support for test research and analysis.
In the embodiment, by providing the data collection units 30, the simulated accident conditions can be comprehensively analyzed and calibrated according to data such as the temperature T, the pressure P. the gas flow rate Q. The thermal layering phenomenon and a degree thereof in the containment shell simulator can be further analyzed according to the temperature T, the gas component layering phenomenon in the containment shell simulator can be further analyzed according to the gas component concentration, and a gas flow field in the containment shell simulator is further analyzed according to the gas flow velocity v.
In one embodiment, the data system Id further includes a central control unit 28 that is electrically connected to the data collection units 30 and configured to perform data processing on the thermal-hydraulic parameters received by the data reception unit 29. In the embodiment, thermal-hydraulic parameter information includes the temperature T, the pressure P, the component concentration, the gas flow velocity v, the gas flow rate Q and the like. The central control unit 28 is also electrically connected to the gas supply system lb, the passive heat removal system lc, the gas exhaust pipeline 23 and the vacuum break valve 24 respectively, more specifically, the central control unit 28 is electrically connected to the first regulating valve 7, the second regulating valve 11 and the third regulating valve 15 of the gas supply system lb, is electrically connected to the forced circulation pump of the forced circulation loop 20 in the passive heat removal system lc, and is electrically connected to the exhaust control valve in the gas exhaust pipeline 23 so as to control the start or stop and an opening of the gas supply system lb, the passive heat removal system lc (including the forced circulation loop 20), the gas exhaust pipeline 23 and the vacuum break valve 24 according to the received thermal-hydraulic parameter information and a result of the data processing.
In one embodiment, the containment shell simulation test apparatus 1 further includes a plurality of condensed water collectors 25 and/or a plurality of protectors 26. For example, the plurality of condensed water collectors 25 are provided within the containment shell simulator la and each condensed water collector 25 is located below a respective heat exchanger 16 and configured to collect condensed water produced on the respective heat exchanger 16 (condensed water is generated by the steam in the containment shell simulator la after condensation on the heat exchanger 16). Depending upon whether the condensed water collectors 25 are installed or not, it is possible to perform a test research about the influence of the condensed water collectors 25 on the heat exchange and a collection rate (the collection rate refers to a ratio of the amount of water recovered by the condensed water collectors to a calculated total amount of condensed water on a wall surface of the heat exchanger, and the total amount of condensed water is derived from an enthalpy rise transferred from the wall surface of the heat exchanger to an in-tube cooling fluid). For example, the plurality of protectors 26 are provided within the containment shell simulator la, and each protector 26 is located between a respective heat exchanger 16 and an axial centerline of the containment shell simulator la near to the respective heat exchanger 16 and configured to block emissions generated within the containment shell simulator la under the accident conditions to protect the heat exchanger 16. In addition, it is also possible to conduct a test research about the influence of the protectors 26 on the heat exchange of the heat exchanger 16 depending upon whether the protectors 26 are installed or not The containment shell simulation test apparatus 1 in the embodiment further includes a condensed water tank 27 that is communicated with a bottom of the containment shell simulator la and configured to store the condensed water generated in the containment shell simulator la during the simulation test. During the simulation test, the condensed water on an inner wall of the containment shell simulator 1 a flows to the bottom of the containment shell simulator 1 a under the action of gravity and finally flows into the condensed water tank 27.
In the embodiment, the containment shell simulation test apparatus 1 further includes a water level meter 36 that is provided in the heat exchange water tank 19, and the water level meter 36 is electrically connected to the data reception unit 29 and the central control unit 28 to detect water level information in the heat exchange water tank 19. The drainage control valve in the drainage pipeline 21 and the charging control valve in the charging pipeline 22 may be electrically connected to the central control unit 28, and the central control unit 28 can automatically control the opening and closing of the drainage control valve and the charging control valve according to the received water level information of the heat exchange water tank 19 transmitted by the water level meter 36.
It is to be noted that pipelines such as the gas exhaust pipeline 23 and valves such as the vacuum break valve 24 in the embodiment may also be controlled in a manual manner, and are not limited to being automatically controlled by the central control unit 28.
The simulation test procedure of the containment shell simulation test apparatus of the embodiment is briefly summarized below, and the simulation test procedure includes a preheating stage before test, a test stage, and a cooling stage after test.
Preheating stage before test: steam is sprayed into the containment shell simulator by the steam unit to make a temperature in the containment shell simulator reach the temperature required for the simulation test.
Test stage: through cooperation of the steam unit, the air unit and the helium unit, mixed gases used to simulate accident conditions are formed according to preset parameters such as a flow rate and a flow velocity, and the mixed gases are selectively sprayed into different compartments within the containment shell simulator according to different accident conditions, so that the required accident conditions are achieved in the containment shell simulator; a valve of the passive heat removal system is opened to establish natural circulation automatic driving, and test data is selectively collected at a fixed interval or at random according to the actual requirements, and then a test analysis is performed.
Cooling stage after test: the Ras exhaust pipeline is opened to quickly reduce the pressure of the containment shell simulator and cool the containment shell simulator.
Compared with a traditional simulation test apparatus, the containment shell simulation test apparatus of the embodiment has the following advantages: (1) The containment shell simulator is a super large-sized shell and the interior space of the containment shell simulator is reasonably designed and partitioned according to the housing spaces for the functional facilities inside the real containment shell so that the simulated distribution of the thermal-hydraulic parameters within the containment shell simulator under different accident conditions comes nearer to be in consistency with a real situation, and thus accuracy of the test is improved.
(2) Through use of the gas-fired boiler and the electric boiler in combination, steam meeting different requirements can be provided, more accident conditions can be simulated, and a scope of test research of the simulation test apparatus is expanded.
(3) Data collection points are reasonably disposed and widely distributed, which can improve precision of test data and provide strong support for test research and analysis.
(4) By reasonably disposing the heat exchangers of the passive heat removal system and additional mechanisms such as the protectors, a cold shield effect is produced in the interior space of the containment shell simulator so that test research on the interaction between the complicated thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the containment shell and the passive heat removal system is possible, and test research on the complicated coupling behavior between the thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the containment shell and the passive heat removal system is also realized.
It is to be understood that the foregoing is just an exemplary description of the embodiments of the present invention and the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
- What is claimed is I. A containment shell simulation test apparatus, comprising a containment shell simulator, a gas supply system, a passive heat removal system and a data system, wherein the containment shell simulator is configured to have a shape the same as that of a real containment shell, an interior space of the containment shell simulator being divided into a bottom space simplified according to housing spaces for functional facilities inside the real containment shell and an upper space above the bottom space, wherein the gas supply system includes a plurality of discharge ports that are respectively provided at different positions in the bottom space and the upper space of the containment shell simulator and configured to selectively release a mixture of a variety of gases with different parameters to simulate gas spraying within the real containment shell under various accident conditions, wherein the data system includes a data reception unit and a plurality of data collection units, wherein the plurality of data collection units are respectively distributed at different positions in the bottom space and the upper space of the containment shell simulator and configured to collect thermal-hydraulic parameters of the different positions within the containment shell simulator, the thermal-hydraulic parameters being formed through an interaction between the passive heat removal system and thermal-hydraulic phenomena produced by simulating the accident conditions within the containment shell simulator using the gas supply system, and wherein the data reception unit is electrically connected to the plurality of data collection units and configured to receive the thermal-hydraulic parameters transmitted by the plurality of data collection units 2. The containment shell simulation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bottom space of the interior space of the containment shell simulator is separated into a plurality of compartments, and the plurality of discharge ports are respectively provided in the plurality of compartments and the upper space.3. The containment shell simulation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas supply system includes a steam unit, an air unit, a helium unit and a spray pipeline, and at least two of steam, compressed air and helium gas are mixed in the spray pipeline to become a homogeneous body.4. The containment shell simulation test apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the steam unit, the air unit and the helium unit are respectively connected to an initial end of the spray pipeline and configured to respectively provide the steam, the compressed air and the helium gas, and wherein the spray pipeline includes a plurality of terminal ends that are respectively provided in the plurality of compartments and the upper space, and the plurality of discharge ports are respectively provided on the plurality of terminal ends of the spray pipeline.5. The containment shell simulation test apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the steam unit includes a steam supply device and a steam pipeline, the steam supply device includes a gas-fired boiler and an electric boiler both of which are connected to one end of the steam pipeline, and the other end of the steam pipeline is connected to the initial end of the spray pipeline.6. The containment shell simulation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the data collection units include at least one of a temperature detection mechanism, a pressure detection mechanism, a component detection mechanism, a flow velocity detection mechanism and a flow rate detection mechanism, wherein the temperature detection mechanism is configured to detect a temperature within the containment shell simulator, the pressure detection mechanism is configured to detect a pressure within the containment shell simulator, the component detection mechanism is configured to detect a concentration of components of gases within the containment shell simulator, the flow velocity detection mechanism is configured to detect a flow velocity of the gases within the containment shell simulator, and the flow rate detection mechanism is configured to detect a flow rate of the gases sprayed by the spray pipeline.7. The containment shell simulation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the passive heat removal system includes a plurality of natural circulation loops each of which includes a heat exchange water tank and at least one heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchange water tank is provided outside the containment shell simulator above a top of the containment shell simulator to provide cooling water, and wherein the heat exchanger is provided in the upper space of the containment shell simulator and configured to communicate with the heat exchange water tank to perform heat exchange on the cooling water.8. The containment shell simulation test apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a positional height of one of two heat exchangers in a first natural circulation loop and that of one of two heat exchangers in a second natural circulation loop are the same as a positional height of one heat exchanger in a third natural circulation loop, and wherein the other of the two heat exchangers in the first natural circulation loop and the other of the two heat exchangers in the second natural circulation loop are respectively below and above the one heat exchanger in the third natural circulation loop.9. The containment shell simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the containment shell simulation test apparatus further includes a gas exhaust pipeline and a vacuum break valve, wherein the gas exhaust pipeline is connected to the interior space of the containment shell simulator and configured to exhaust gases within the containment shell simulator, and wherein the vacuum break valve is provided on the containment shell simulator and configured to prevent a negative pressure within the containment shell simulator.10. The containment shell simulation test apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the data system further includes a central control unit that is electrically connected to the data collection units and configured to perform data processing on the thermal-hydraulic parameters received by the data reception unit, and wherein the central control unit is electrically connected to the gas supply system, the passive heat removal system, the gas exhaust pipeline and the vacuum break valve respectively and configured to control the start or stop and an opening of the gas supply system, the passive heat removal system, the gas exhaust pipeline and the vacuum break valve according to the received thermal-hydraulic parameters and a result of the data processing.11. The containment shell simulation test apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the containment shell simulation test apparatus further includes a water level meter that is provided in the heat exchange water tank, and the water level meter is electrically connected to the data reception unit and the central control unit and configured to detect water level information in the heat exchange water tank.12. The containment shell simulation test apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the containment shell simulation test apparatus further includes a plurality of protectors and/or a plurality of condensed water collectors, wherein the plurality of protectors are provided within the containment shell simulator, and each protector is located between a respective heat exchanger and an axial centerline of the containment shell simulator near to the respective heat exchanger and configured to block emissions generated within the containment shell simulator under the accident conditions, and wherein the plurality of condensed water collectors are provided within the containment shell simulator and each condensed water collector is located below a respective heat exchanger and configured to collect condensed water produced on the respective heat exchanger.
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| CN202011026079.7A CN112164482B (en) | 2020-09-25 | 2020-09-25 | Comprehensive thermal hydraulic test device for containment |
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| GB202113586D0 GB202113586D0 (en) | 2021-11-10 |
| GB2601602A true GB2601602A (en) | 2022-06-08 |
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| AR (1) | AR123590A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3141470A1 (en) |
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| CN113140335B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-03-22 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive containment heat exporting system with internal heat exchanger protection device |
| CN113283189B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-07-26 | 西安交通大学 | Cross-dimension coupling analysis method for containment and passive containment air cooling system |
| CN113436761B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-04-07 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Passive containment cooling test system |
| CN113704959B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2024-04-09 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Simulation method and system for heat exchanger type passive containment cooling system |
| CN115312220A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Test device for researching transport behavior of multi-component gas in containment compartment |
| CN115274153A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Test device and test method for hydrogen mixing influence of containment vessel spraying system |
| CN115497366B (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-03-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Science popularization demonstration device and demonstration method for low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor |
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| CN109841289A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-04 | 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | Experimental rig for the passive guiding system of containment heat |
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| CN105405479B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-11-17 | 中广核工程有限公司 | PWR nuclear power plant integrates passive safety system |
| CN206893306U (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-01-16 | 国核华清（北京）核电技术研发中心有限公司 | For nuclear power plant containment shell performance test and the contracting proportion composite experimental rig of research |
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| CN109841289A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-04 | 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | Experimental rig for the passive guiding system of containment heat |
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| CA3141470A1 (en) | 2022-03-25 |
| GB202113586D0 (en) | 2021-11-10 |
| CN112164482A (en) | 2021-01-01 |
| FR3114673B1 (en) | 2023-11-03 |
| CN112164482B (en) | 2023-09-29 |
| FR3114673A1 (en) | 2022-04-01 |
| GB2601602B (en) | 2023-08-09 |
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