CN211604516U - 'entity + virtual' pressurized water reactor full-working-condition simulation platform - Google Patents
'entity + virtual' pressurized water reactor full-working-condition simulation platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN211604516U CN211604516U CN202020332468.1U CN202020332468U CN211604516U CN 211604516 U CN211604516 U CN 211604516U CN 202020332468 U CN202020332468 U CN 202020332468U CN 211604516 U CN211604516 U CN 211604516U
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solid and virtual pressurized water reactor all-condition simulation platform, which belongs to the field of nuclear reactors. Each loop system comprises a closed loop and two corresponding loops; the two loop systems share the passive core cooling system; the two sets of secondary loop systems share the passive steam cooling system; the control station in the decentralized control system is connected with the primary instrument of each process system. The passive core cooling system consists of a primary side passive water storage tank, a primary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger, a primary side medium-pressure safety injection tank and a primary side high-pressure safety injection tank which are connected with a pressure vessel through pipelines. The containment system is a bypass system, bypass pipelines are respectively arranged on a primary loop cold-hot section and a primary steam pipeline to be introduced into the containment, and the working conditions of primary loop main pipelines and primary steam pipelines double-end fracture accidents can be simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear reactors, and particularly relates to an entity and virtual pressurized water reactor full-working-condition simulation platform.
Background
With the development of nuclear power technology, the nuclear reactor type in China is turning from the traditional second generation reactor to the safer third generation reactor which is vigorously developed at present, including the commercially-transported AP1000 and EPR, and the Hualongyi with independent intellectual property right which is being built. Especially, the AP1000 and Hualong I reactor types widely adopt passive safety technology to improve the safety of the nuclear power station. At present, the related nuclear professions of colleges and universities also begin to teach basic knowledge of the third-generation reactors, but the basic knowledge still has obvious defects in the aspect of related practice teaching, so that students are difficult to comprehensively and integrally know the passive safety system, and the basic knowledge mainly shows that: 1) there is a lack of a related comprehensive physical test bed. Currently, most of the existing part of practice teaching utilizes simulation software to enable students to simulate and analyze corresponding accident processes through software setting. Although students can integrally know various working conditions of the reactor through software operation, a relatively real practical operation process is still lacked, and real practical experience is difficult to obtain; meanwhile, the experiment link of talent culture in the nuclear power industry has the characteristics of high radioactivity, high risk and high cost, so that students cannot enter the core area of a nuclear power plant for field practice; for accident conditions, the nuclear power plant cannot provide corresponding practical conditions 2) link setting capable of comprehensively reflecting advanced third-generation pressurized water reactor passive technologies is lacked. Even if the simulator teaching is adopted, a part of related secondary side passive systems which are currently used for the design of the Hualong I reactor in China are still lack of, and students cannot learn and know the operation of related passive safety systems through software.
Aiming at the problem, an 'entity + virtual' pressurized water reactor full-working-condition simulation platform is provided, a scaling test bed is built, the demonstration teaching of various working conditions of a reactor can be realized on the entity bed, meanwhile, the virtual simulation based on the entity bed can be completed, the virtual and real combination is realized, the reality is not virtual, the requirements of the disassembly and assembly teaching of related parts can be met, and the comprehensive practice capability of students is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background technology, the invention provides an 'entity + virtual' pressurized water reactor full-working-condition simulation platform, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the system comprises a set of pressure vessel for simulating a reactor, two sets of loop systems which are connected in parallel and have the same configuration, a set of passive core cooling system, a set of secondary side passive waste heat discharge system, a set of side containment cooling system and a control operation platform, wherein the containment cooling system is connected with a set of loop systems; in the two sets of loop systems, each set comprises a closed primary loop and two corresponding loops, and the two sets of loop systems share one set of passive core cooling system and passive steam cooling system; a field control station in the control operation platform is connected with various measuring instruments;
the single loop system consists of a steam generator, a pump and a pipeline, wherein the steam generator and the pump are connected with the pressure vessel through pipelines, and a voltage stabilizer is arranged on one loop of at least one set of loop system and used for adjusting the pressure of one loop of the two sets of loop systems;
the single two-loop system consists of a secondary side condenser, a secondary side water storage tank, a secondary side circulating pump, a secondary side passive cooling water tank and a secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger, wherein the secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger is arranged in the secondary side passive cooling water tank; a parallel loop is formed among the secondary side condenser, the secondary side water storage tank, the secondary side circulating pump, the secondary side passive cooling water tank and the secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger so as to complete the normal function and the passive cooling function of the two-loop; the two loop systems share the same secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger and a secondary side passive cooling water tank;
the passive core cooling system consists of a primary side passive water storage tank, a primary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger, a primary side medium-pressure safety injection tank and a primary side high-pressure safety injection tank which are connected with a pressure vessel through pipelines and is used for completing the core cooling function under normal shutdown and accident conditions.
The detachable electric heater is arranged in the pressure container main body.
In the loop system, an outlet of a pressure container, a primary side heat pipe section, a steam generator, a primary side circulating pump and a primary side cold pipe section are connected with an inlet of the pressure container to form a loop to form a primary side, and a steam outlet of the steam generator, a secondary side condenser, a secondary side water storage tank, a secondary side water feeding pump and a water feeding inlet of the steam generator are sequentially connected to form a loop to form a secondary side; the secondary side adopts a steam cooling system to simulate a two-loop system of an actual nuclear power plant, steam generated in the steam generator flows into the secondary side condenser via a main steam pipeline to be condensed, then enters the secondary side water feeding pump, and is sent back to the secondary side of the steam generator again by the pump, so that the normal functions of the two loops are completed.
The steam outlet of the steam generator is also connected with the water supply inlet of the steam generator through a secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger, and the secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger is arranged in a secondary side passive cooling water tank to form a two-loop passive waste heat discharge system to complete the passive cooling function of the two loops.
The bypass containment cooling system is composed of a double-layer containment, an air supply system, an external air cooling and liquid film cooling system, an internal water-cooled wall system and an internal spraying system, wherein an inlet of the secondary side condenser, an outlet, an inlet and a direct injection port of the pressure vessel are connected with the bypass containment cooling system and used for simulating the working conditions of primary loop pipelines and double-end fracture accidents of the primary steam pipeline.
An inlet pipeline of the voltage stabilizer is arranged on the primary side heat pipe section, and an outlet of the voltage stabilizer is connected into a primary side passive water storage tank of the passive core cooling system.
The passive core cooling system includes: the primary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger is arranged in the primary side passive water storage tank, an inlet pipeline of the primary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger is arranged on a primary side heat pipe section of the first loop, and an outlet of the primary side passive water storage tank is connected to the primary side inlet pipeline; an outlet pipeline of the primary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger is connected with a cold water chamber of a lower end socket of a steam generator in two loops, and the primary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger, the primary side cold pipe section and the primary side heat pipe section form a passive waste heat discharge natural circulation loop together;
the primary side cold pipe sections of the two loops are connected with a direct injection port of the pressure container through a primary side high-pressure safety injection box and a primary side injection port pipeline, and the primary side medium-pressure safety injection box is directly connected with the direct injection port through the primary side injection port pipeline.
The control operation platform comprises: the system comprises an operator station, an engineer station, a management network, a first real-time server, a second real-time server, a history server, a display screen, a system network and a field control station, wherein the field control station is respectively connected with the system network and various measuring instruments, the first real-time server and the second real-time server are respectively connected with the system network and the management network, and the management network is connected with the operator station, the engineer station, the history server and the display screen.
The system is suitable for simulation teaching, and is provided with two sets of human-computer interaction systems with different operation authorities and functions, namely a trainer human-computer interaction system and a human-computer interaction system. A trainer human-computer interaction system can operate an actuator specially arranged in a simulation platform to trigger design benchmark accidents of a nuclear power plant such as a primary loop loss accident and a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident; the time for protecting the system to be not operated after the accident is triggered or the triggering condition of the automatic protection action can be set, so that the student can manually execute the protection action firstly, and when the reserved time is over and the student does not take effective protection action or serious errors occur in operation, the related automatic protection action can be started; the coach human-computer interaction system can also display the actions taken by the operator and the corresponding time during normal operation or during accident operation, and evaluate the performance of the operator.
The system is an out-of-core cooling system which enables molten core to be retained in a reactor under a serious accident independent of a main reactor core container (side placement), and the system remotely transmits measurement and control signals of the out-of-core cooling system of the molten core to an operator station through a signal acquisition/output function and a data communication function of a DCS (distributed control system) and is used for simulating the temperature change trend of the outer wall of a pressure vessel after the reactor core is melted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. full working condition, full scope. The simulation platform is designed based on the advanced pressurized water reactor AP1000 and Hualong I, and comprises a complete first loop, a complete second loop and a corresponding passive system. Compared with the actual condition that the nuclear power plant can only simulate normal operation and operation transient state, the platform can be used for simulating more than twenty kinds of conditions from normal operation and operation transient state to the expected operation condition, rare accident, limit accident, design expansion condition and the like of the reactor in the whole range, and the full coverage of the conditions is achieved.
2. The containment vessel bypass system is arranged, namely a primary loop system is arranged outside the containment vessel, bypass pipelines are respectively arranged on a primary loop cold and hot section and a main steam pipeline to be introduced into the containment vessel, and the working conditions of double-end fracture accidents of a primary loop main pipeline and the main steam pipeline can be simulated through the pipeline flow. The invention is provided with the containment cooling system which is arranged beside the prototype power plant, thereby not only finishing various corresponding operating conditions, but also avoiding the corrosion damage of high-temperature and high-pressure water spray to key equipment, and simultaneously being convenient to debug, monitor and disassemble the key equipment.
3. The double-man-machine interaction system is suitable for simulation teaching requirements and is provided with two sets of man-machine interaction systems with different operation authorities and functions, namely a trainer man-machine interaction system and a man-machine interaction system. The system not only considers the sense of reality of the student operation interface, but also provides a unique coach accident triggering and operation evaluation function, a specially-arranged control/protection system delay input function, and the emergency handling capacity of the operator can be realized under the condition of training and evaluating the accident. The operator human-computer interaction system refers to the design of an operator station of a main control room of a nuclear power plant of a third generation in China, and is provided with a multi-screen operation terminal and a large-screen system, and a human-computer interface is realized by adopting a DCS (distributed control system) of the nuclear power plant.
4. The control system adopts an actual DCS system of the nuclear power plant, and the main control room is designed and arranged by imitating the main control room of the nuclear power plant. The high reliability of the DCS ensures the operation safety of the experimental system; due to the consistency of the DCS and the nuclear power plant, the simulation effect is improved, and the simulation transient process and the operation condition of a simulation student can be analyzed through the engineer station of the DCS and relevant software of a historical database.
5. Two types of accident waste heat discharge systems are arranged, namely a primary-side passive water storage tank-based primary-side waste heat discharge system and a secondary-side passive waste heat discharge system based on a containment external water tank. The two systems of the valve system and the pipeline flow can be freely combined and selected.
6. The out-of-core cooling system which makes the molten core stay in the reactor under the serious accident independent of the main reactor vessel (side arrangement) of the reactor core is arranged, and the temperature change trend of the outer wall of the pressure vessel after the reactor core is melted can be simulated.
7. Based on reactor core heat transport physical simulation, the reactor core neutron dynamics computer virtually realizes perfect reactor thermonuclear coupling dynamics 'entity + virtual' simulation, and effectively expands the simulation range. The reactor can simulate most of reactivity introduction accidents (such as rod ejection/rod falling accidents and main steam pipeline breakage accidents), reactivity feedback effects and neutron poison effects, and can comprehensively deepen understanding of a student on reactor dynamics, particularly neutron dynamics effects which have great influence on safe operation of the reactor, such as iodine pits and xenon oscillation.
8. The steam cooling system is adopted to simulate the actual two-loop system of the nuclear power plant, and parts such as a steam turbine and the like of the actual nuclear power plant are removed, so that the two-loop system is greatly simplified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an advanced pressurized water reactor full condition simulation teaching platform of the invention, which is 'entity + virtual';
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein:
1-pressure vessel, 4-voltage stabilizer, 5-primary side passive water storage tank, 6-primary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger, 12-secondary side passive cooling water tank, 13-secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger, 2-1 first loop steam generator, 2-2 second loop side steam generator, 3-1 first loop primary side circulating pump, 3-2 second loop primary side circulating pump, 7-1 first loop primary side medium pressure safety injection tank, 7-2 second loop primary side medium pressure safety injection tank, 8-1 first loop primary side high pressure safety injection tank, 8-2 second loop primary side high pressure safety injection tank, 9-1 first loop secondary side condenser, 9-2 second loop secondary side condenser, 10-1 first loop secondary side water storage tank, 10-2 parts of a second loop secondary side water storage tank, 11-1 parts of a first loop secondary side water feeding pump, 11-2 parts of a second loop secondary side water feeding pump, 14-1 parts of an operator station, 14-2 parts of an engineer station, 14-3 parts of a management network, 14-4 parts of a first real-time server, 14-5 parts of a second real-time server, 14-6 parts of a history server, 14-7 parts of a display screen, 14-8 parts of a system network, 14-9 parts of a field control station and 15 parts of a reactor core melt out-of-pile cooling system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the present invention shown in fig. 1 includes: the system comprises a set of pressure vessel 1 for simulating a reactor, two sets of parallel loop systems with the same configuration, a set of passive core cooling system, a set of secondary side passive waste heat discharge system, a set of side containment cooling system 14 and a control operation platform; the containment cooling system 14 is connected to a set of loop systems; in the two sets of loop systems, each set comprises a closed loop and a corresponding second loop, and the two sets of loop systems share one set of passive core cooling system;
the single loop system consists of a steam generator, a pump and pipelines, wherein the steam generator and the pump are connected with the pressure vessel through the pipelines, and a pressure stabilizer 4 is arranged on one loop of at least one set of loop system and is used for adjusting the pressure of the whole loop;
the single two-loop system consists of a secondary side condenser, a secondary side water storage tank, a secondary side circulating pump, a secondary side passive cooling water tank 12 and a secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 13, wherein the secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 13 is arranged in the secondary side passive cooling water tank 12; a parallel loop is formed among the secondary side condenser, the secondary side water storage tank, the secondary side circulating pump, the secondary side passive cooling water tank 12 and the secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 13 so as to complete the normal function and the passive cooling function of the two-loop; the two loop systems share the same secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 13 and the secondary side passive cooling water tank 12.
The passive core cooling system consists of a primary side passive water storage tank 5, a primary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 6, two primary side medium-pressure safety injection tanks and two primary side high-pressure safety injection tanks which are connected with a pressure vessel through pipelines and is used for completing the core cooling function under normal shutdown and accident conditions. The reactor core cooling system which is arranged independently of the reactor core main container (side arrangement) and enables the molten reactor core to be retained in the reactor under the serious accident can realize the simulation of the temperature change trend of the outer wall of the pressure vessel after the reactor core is melted through the control logic.
The pressure vessel 1 has parallel relationships between the first inlet and the second inlet, between the first outlet and the second outlet of the pressure vessel 1, and between the one-loop direct injection port and the two-loop direct injection port of the pressure vessel 1, and the initial values are the same during operation.
In this embodiment, the detachable electric heater is further disposed inside the main body of the pressure vessel 1 for providing a certain heating power.
Particularly in the first set of loop systems of this embodiment,
a first outlet of the pressure container 1 is connected with a first loop primary side heat pipe section, a first loop steam generator 2-1, a first loop primary side circulating pump 3-1, a first loop primary side cold pipe section and a first inlet of the pressure container 1 to form a loop to form a primary side, and a steam outlet of the first loop steam generator 2-1 is sequentially connected with a first loop secondary side condenser 9-1, a first loop secondary side water storage tank 10-1, a first loop secondary side water feed pump 11-1 and a water feed inlet of the first loop steam generator 2-1 to form a secondary side; the secondary side and the passive core cooling system jointly form two types of accident waste heat discharge systems, namely a primary-side passive water storage tank-based primary-side waste heat discharge system and a secondary-side passive cooling water tank-based secondary-side passive waste heat discharge system. The two systems can be freely combined and selected.
An inlet pipeline of a voltage stabilizer 4 is arranged on the primary side heat pipe section of the first loop, and an outlet of the voltage stabilizer 4 is connected into a primary side passive water storage tank 5 of a passive core cooling system;
the steam outlet of the first loop steam generator 2-1 is also connected with the water supply inlet of the first loop steam generator 2-1 through a secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 13, and the secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 13 is arranged in the secondary side passive cooling water tank 12; the secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 13 is connected with a first loop secondary side condenser 9-1 in parallel; the secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 13, the first loop secondary side water storage tank 10-1, the first loop secondary side water feeding pump 11-1, the secondary side passive cooling water tank 12 and the secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 13 respectively form a parallel loop to complete the normal function of a two-loop, wherein a steam outlet of the steam generator is also connected with a water feeding inlet of the steam generator through the secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 13 to form a two-loop passive waste heat discharging system to complete the passive cooling function of the two loops.
Particularly in the second loop system of this embodiment,
a second outlet of the pressure container 1 is connected with a second loop primary side heat pipe section, a second loop side steam generator 2-2, a second loop primary side circulating pump 3-2, a second loop primary side cold pipe section and a second inlet of the pressure container 1 to form a loop to form a primary side,
the second loop primary side heat pipe section is provided with an inlet pipeline of a primary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 6 and an inlet pipeline of a voltage stabilizer 4, an outlet of the voltage stabilizer 4 is connected into a primary side passive water storage tank 5, and an outlet of the primary side passive water storage tank 5 is connected to a primary side injection inlet pipeline;
the steam outlet of the second loop side steam generator 2-2 is sequentially connected with a second loop side condenser 9-2, a second loop side water storage tank 10-2, a second loop side water feeding pump 11-2 and a water feeding inlet of the second loop side steam generator 2-2 to form a loop to form a secondary side;
the steam outlet of the second loop side steam generator 2-2 is also connected with the water supply inlet of the second loop side steam generator 2-2 through a secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 13, and the secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 13 is arranged in the secondary side passive cooling water tank 12; the secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 13 is connected with a secondary side condenser 9-2 of a second loop in parallel; the secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 13, the secondary side water storage tank 10-2 of the second loop, the secondary side water feeding pump 11-2 of the second loop, the secondary side passive cooling water tank 11 and the secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 13 form parallel loops respectively so as to complete the normal function and the passive cooling function of the second loop.
The passive core cooling system of the embodiment is composed of a primary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 6, a primary side passive water storage tank 5, a first loop primary side medium-pressure safety injection tank 7-1, a first loop primary side high-pressure safety injection tank 8-1, a second loop primary side medium-pressure safety injection tank 7-2 and a second loop primary side high-pressure safety injection tank 8-2, wherein a first loop primary side cold pipe section is connected with a first loop direct injection port of a pressure container 1 through the first loop primary side high-pressure safety injection tank 8-1 and a primary side injection port pipeline, and the first loop primary side medium-pressure safety injection tank 7-1 is directly connected with the first loop direct injection port of the pressure container 1 through the primary side injection port pipeline; the primary side cold pipe section of the second loop is connected with a direct injection port of the second loop of the pressure container 1 through a primary side high-pressure safety injection tank 8-2 of the second loop and a primary side injection port pipeline, and the primary side high-pressure safety injection tank 7-2 of the second loop is directly connected with the direct injection port of the second loop of the pressure container 1 through a primary side injection port pipeline;
the primary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 6 is arranged in the primary side passive water storage tank 5, an inlet pipeline of the primary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 6 is arranged on the primary side heat pipe section of the first loop, and an outlet of the primary side passive water storage tank 5 is connected to a primary side injection inlet pipeline; an outlet pipeline of the primary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 6 is connected with a cold water chamber of a lower end socket of the first loop steam generator 2-1, and the primary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 6, a primary side cold pipe section and two primary side hot pipe sections of the two loops form a passive waste heat discharge natural circulation loop together; under the working condition of a non-LOCA accident, the primary side waste heat is discharged out of the heat exchanger 6 to emergently discharge the heat in the pressure container 1; the passive core cooling system is used for completing the cooling function of the core under normal shutdown and accident conditions.
Based on the two types of accident waste heat discharge systems, namely a primary loop waste heat discharge system based on a built-in refueling water tank and a secondary side passive waste heat discharge system based on a secondary side passive cooling water tank, the accident waste heat discharge systems can be freely selected in a combined mode through corresponding valve operation according to requirements.
The bypass containment cooling system 14 of the embodiment is composed of a double-layer containment, an air supply system, an external air cooling and liquid film cooling system, an internal water wall system and an internal spraying system, wherein an inlet of a first loop secondary side condenser 9-1, a first outlet of a pressure vessel 1, a first inlet of the pressure vessel 1 and a loop direct injection port of the pressure vessel 1 are connected with the bypass containment cooling system 14, and under an accident condition, a pipeline can be led out from a related break position (a primary side cold section, a hot section, a transition section and a secondary side steam pipeline) to the containment to spray high-temperature and high-pressure media into the containment, so that a corresponding related accident process of the containment and a passive cooling function of the containment are simulated.
In the embodiment, a set of separately arranged molten core out-of-core cooling system 15 is arranged, and the measurement and control signals of the molten core out-of-core cooling system are remotely transmitted to an operator station (14-1) through a signal acquisition/output function and a data communication function of the DCS, so as to simulate the temperature change trend of the outer wall of the pressure vessel after the core is melted.
The control operation platform shown in fig. 2 includes: the system comprises an operator station 14-1, an engineer station 14-2, a management network 14-3, a first real-time server 14-4, a second real-time server 14-5, a history server 14-6, a display screen 14-7, a system network 14-8 and a field control station 14-9, wherein the field control station 14-9 is respectively connected with the system network 14-8 and various measuring instruments to measure the pressure, the flow, the temperature and the water level at a corresponding point in real time; the first real-time server 14-4 and the second real-time server 14-5 are connected with the system network 14-8 and the management network 14-3 respectively, and the management network 14-3 is further connected with an operator station 14-1, an engineer station 14-2, a history server 14-6 and a display screen 14-7.
In this embodiment, the various measuring instruments are specifically: the system comprises a voltage stabilizer 4, a primary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 6, a secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger 13, a first loop steam generator 2-1, a second loop side steam generator 2-2, a first loop primary side circulating pump 3-1, a second loop primary side circulating pump 3-2, a first loop secondary side condenser 9-1, a second loop secondary side condenser 9-2, a pressure gauge, a flow meter and a thermometer which are arranged on a first loop secondary side water feed pump 11-1 and a second loop secondary side water feed pump 11-2, a primary side passive water storage tank 5, a secondary side passive cooling water tank 12, a first loop primary side high-pressure safety injection tank 7-1, a second loop primary side medium-pressure safety injection tank 7-2, a first loop primary side high-pressure safety injection tank 8-1, a second loop primary side high-pressure safety injection tank 8-2, The first loop secondary side water storage tank 10-1 and the second loop secondary side water storage tank 10-2 are provided with a pressure gauge, a thermometer and a water level device.
The operator station 14-1, the engineer station 14-2, the first real-time server 14-4, the second real-time server 14-5 and the field control station 14-9 which control the operation platform further comprise corresponding simulation software, when the experiment bench is operated to monitor the accident operation, the mapping from the operation parameters of the loop physical model system to the corresponding parameters of the reference nuclear power plant can be realized based on SAMA diagram configuration software of a Distributed Control System (DCS) according to the corresponding relation between each steady-state working condition parameter of the loop physical simulation system and the corresponding working condition parameters of the reference nuclear power plant, the virtual and real combination can be realized by presenting the virtual parameters on a human-computer interface of the DCS.
Two sets of human-computer interfaces with different operation authorities and functions are designed on human-computer interface configuration software on the engineer station 14-2 aiming at a coach and a student respectively, and the interface files are transmitted to the operator station 14-1 to realize a coach human-computer interaction system and an operator human-computer interaction system. Then, a time delay execution function of an operator for the automatic adjustment action of the control system and the automatic trigger of the protection system is introduced into a simulation diagram and a logic diagram corresponding to the control system and the protection system on the engineer station 14-2, and the simulation diagram and the logic diagram are installed on the field control station 14-9, so that the manual operation of the student after an accident is realized, and if the student does not adopt the operation or has an operation error after the specified time is reached, the correct control or protection action can be automatically input. In addition, a locking function of an accident triggering related actuator is introduced into a simulation diagram and a logic diagram corresponding to a control system and a protection system on the engineer station 14-2, and the simulation diagram and the logic diagram are installed on the field control station 14-9, so that the student human-computer interaction system cannot trigger the accident. In the database software on the engineer station 14-2, data points related to student operation records are defined, stored through the first real-time server 14-4, the second real-time server 14-5 and the history server 14-6, and reviewed for student operation by browsing the data on the operator station 14-1 used by the trainer. And finally, the simulation of reactor core reactivity control, reactivity feedback effect and reactivity induction accidents is realized by utilizing the algorithm and logic configuration function of the control system and the power regulation function of the electric heating system. And realizing a point reactor kinetic equation and a reactivity equation through a functional block on DCS configuration software according to a reference reactor type control rod differential value curve, a reactivity temperature feedback parameter, a neutron kinetic parameter and the like. When the reactor is operated, the total reactivity, the reactor power, the xenon concentration and the like are calculated on line in real time based on signals such as measurable electric heating rod power, reactor core inlet and outlet temperature, electric heating rod wall temperature and the like, and a control command can be output according to the calculated reactor power value to change the electric heater power. Therefore, the physical simulation of the heat transmission of the reactor core and the virtual of the neutron dynamics of the reactor core are realized, and the real virtual-real combination of the simulation of the reactor core is realized.
Defining virtual physical quantities such as control rod position, reactivity, xenon concentration and the like on database software on the engineer station 14-2, then constructing a corresponding simulation diagram according to a reactivity feedback and neutron poison effect related kinetic equation, and installing the simulation diagram to the field control station 14-9 to realize real-time simulation of reactor neutron dynamics; physical parameters such as wall temperature of an electric heating rod, temperature of a coolant, electric power of an electric heating system and the like are obtained through an analog input card of the field control station 14-9, an electric heater power adjusting instruction is given through an analog output card, virtual parameters such as control rod positions, reactivity, xenon concentration and the like on the first real-time server 14-4 and the second real-time server 14-5 of the real-time database are correspondingly changed, and simulation of reactor core reactivity control, reactivity feedback effect and reactivity leading-in accidents is achieved.
During the experiment, heat generated in the pressure container 1 is conveyed to a steam generator through a heat pipe section, and after heat transfer exchange, a primary side circulating pump drives low-temperature water to flow into the pressure container 1 again; and after the steam generated on the secondary side is condensed into condensate water by the condenser, the condensate water is sent back to a secondary side water supply connecting pipe of the steam generator by a water supply pump to form circulation so as to complete the normal functions of the two loops, and a steam cooling system is adopted on the secondary side to simulate a two-loop system of an actual nuclear power plant.
Under the working condition of non-LOCA accident, the primary side residual heat discharging heat exchanger 6 can discharge the heat in the pressure container 1 in an emergency mode. An inlet pipeline of the primary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger 6 is connected with a primary side heat pipe section, an outlet pipeline is connected with a cold water chamber of a lower end socket of the steam generator, and a passive waste heat discharging natural circulation loop is formed by the cold water chamber and the heat pipe section.
Under the LOCA accident, the primary side passive safety injection system has the following action flows: when the pressure drops to a given value, the primary side high-pressure safety injection tank injects water into the pressure container 1 through the connecting pipe line, when the pressure continues to drop to a certain degree, the primary side medium-pressure safety injection tank continues to inject water into the pressure container 1, and when the medium-pressure safety injection tank is at a low water level, the primary side passive water storage tank 5 continues to provide cooling water source.
Under the core fusion accident, the core fused material out-of-core cooling system 15 independent of the core main container (beside) is used for carrying out the experiment of the core cooling system for retaining the core fused material in the reactor under the serious accident, the relevant temperature signals can be collected, and the measurement and control signals of the core fused material out-of-core cooling system 15 are transmitted to the operator station 14-1 through the signal collection/output function and the data communication function of DCS, so that the temperature change trend of the outer wall of the pressure vessel after the core is fused can be simulated.
On one hand, the operator selects different operation conditions or accident states through the engineer station 14-2 under remote control, so that the entity rack evolves various processes in real time. Meanwhile, various measuring instruments arranged at the relevant positions of the entity rack (the field control station 14-9) measure relevant thermal parameters such as pressure, flow, temperature, water level and the like at the corresponding points in real time, and remotely transmit the parameters to the engineer station 14-2 to display the parameters on the display screen 14-7 in real time. The operator can monitor various working conditions in real time and intervene or end the accident process if necessary. This process is called physical simulation. On the other hand, an operator can map corresponding data to operation data of relevant working conditions of the actual nuclear power plant through an algorithm and a logic configuration function of the decentralized control system based on actual experimental data, so that the phenomenon of the prototype power plant can be conveniently simulated; this process is called virtual simulation. The simulation platform can realize the combination of 'entity + virtual' simulation.
Two sets of human-computer interaction systems with different operation authorities and functions are arranged in the control operation platform to meet the requirements of simulation teaching, and an operator human-computer interaction system and a trainer human-computer interaction system are arranged in the control operation platform. The human-computer interaction system of the operator refers to the design of the operator station of a main control room of a nuclear power plant of a third generation in China, and is provided with a multi-screen operation terminal and a large-screen system, wherein a human-computer interface is realized by adopting DCS (distributed control system) software of the nuclear power plant, and is very close to the operator station of the nuclear power plant in terms of hardware configuration and interface design; the trainer human-computer interaction system has all conventional operation functions, and also has the functions of fault adding \ removing, manual/automatic switching of a control system, cutting off \ putting in of a protection system, reviewing and scoring of an operator operation record and the like. By arranging two sets of interactive systems, the simulation fidelity is guaranteed, various requirements of simulation training are met, and the manual operation level of an operator and the response capability after the fault is added are particularly convenient to examine.
The difficulty that the actual nuclear power plant can not simulate the accident working condition and develop training is solved to this embodiment for twenty kinds of working conditions such as simulation reactor from normal operating, operation transient event, rare accident, limit accident and design extension accident, the concrete feature shows: 1) the system is suitable for simulation teaching needs, and is provided with two sets of human-computer interaction systems with different operation authorities and functions, namely a coach control system and an operator control system; 2) two types of accident waste heat discharge systems are arranged, namely a primary-circuit waste heat discharge system based on a primary-side passive water storage tank and a secondary-side passive cooling water tank. The two sets of systems can be freely combined and selected; 3) the out-of-core cooling system which enables the molten material of the reactor core to be retained in the reactor under the serious accident independent of the main vessel (side arrangement) of the reactor core is arranged, and the temperature change trend of the outer wall of the pressure vessel after the reactor core is melted can be simulated; 4) the simulation of reactor core reactivity control, reactivity feedback effect and reactivity induction accidents is realized by utilizing the algorithm and logic configuration function of a distributed control system and the power regulation of an electric heating system; 5) a steam cooling system is adopted to simulate a practical secondary loop system of the nuclear power plant.
Claims (10)
1. An 'entity + virtual' pressurized water reactor full-condition simulation platform is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a set of pressure vessel (1) for simulating a reactor, two sets of parallel loop systems with the same configuration, a set of passive core cooling system, a set of secondary side passive waste heat discharge system, a set of side containment cooling system (14) and a control operation platform, wherein the containment cooling system (14) is connected with a set of loop system; in the two sets of loop systems, each set comprises a closed primary loop and two corresponding loops, and the two sets of loop systems share one set of passive core cooling system and passive steam cooling system; a field control station (14-9) in the control operation platform is connected with various measuring instruments;
the single loop system consists of a steam generator, a pump and a pipeline, wherein the steam generator and the pump are connected with the pressure vessel through pipelines, and a pressure stabilizer (4) is arranged on one loop of at least one set of loop system and is used for adjusting the pressure of one loop of the two sets of loop systems;
the single two-loop system consists of a secondary side condenser, a secondary side water storage tank, a secondary side circulating pump, a secondary side passive cooling water tank (12) and a secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger (13), wherein the secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger (13) is arranged in the secondary side passive cooling water tank (12); a parallel loop is formed among the secondary side condenser, the secondary side water storage tank, the secondary side circulating pump, the secondary side passive cooling water tank (12) and the secondary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger (13) so as to complete the normal function and the passive cooling function of the two-loop; the two loop systems share the same secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger (13) and a secondary side passive cooling water tank (12);
the passive core cooling system is composed of a primary side passive water storage tank (5), a primary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger (6), a primary side medium-pressure safety injection tank and a primary side high-pressure safety injection tank which are connected with a pressure container (1) through pipelines.
2. The 'physical + virtual' pressurized water reactor full condition simulation platform as claimed in claim 1, wherein a detachable electric heater is arranged inside the main body of the pressure vessel (1).
3. The 'physical + virtual' pressurized water reactor full condition simulation platform according to claim 1, wherein in the loop system, an outlet of a pressure vessel, a primary side heat pipe section, a steam generator, a primary side circulating pump, a primary side cold pipe section and an inlet of the pressure vessel are connected to form a loop to form a primary side, and a steam outlet of the steam generator, a secondary side condenser, a secondary side water storage tank, a secondary side feed water pump and a feed water inlet of the steam generator are sequentially connected to form a secondary side; and the secondary side adopts a steam cooling system to simulate a secondary loop system of an actual nuclear power plant, steam generated in the steam generator flows into a secondary side condenser through a main steam pipeline to be condensed, then enters a secondary side water feeding pump, and condensate water is sent back to the secondary side of the steam generator again by the pump.
4. The 'entity + virtual' pressurized water reactor full-condition simulation platform according to claim 3, wherein a steam outlet of the steam generator is further connected with a water supply inlet of the steam generator through a secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger (13), and the secondary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger (13) is arranged in the secondary side passive cooling water tank (12) to form a two-loop passive waste heat discharge system.
5. The 'entity + virtual' pressurized water reactor full-condition simulation platform according to claim 1, wherein the side containment cooling system (14) is composed of a double-layer containment, an air supply system, an external air cooling and liquid film cooling system, an internal water wall system and an internal spraying system, and an inlet of a secondary side condenser, an outlet of the pressure vessel (1) and an inlet of the secondary side condenser are connected with the side containment cooling system (14).
6. The 'physical + virtual' pressurized water reactor full condition simulation platform according to claim 1, wherein an inlet pipeline of the voltage stabilizer (4) is arranged on a primary side heat pipe section, and an outlet of the voltage stabilizer (4) is connected into a primary side passive water storage tank (5) of a passive core cooling system.
7. The 'physical + virtual' pressurized water reactor full condition simulation platform according to claim 1, wherein the passive core cooling system comprises: the primary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger (6), the primary side passive water storage tank (5), two primary side medium-pressure safety injection tanks and two primary side high-pressure safety injection tanks, wherein the primary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger (6) is arranged in the primary side passive water storage tank (5), an inlet pipeline of the primary side waste heat discharging heat exchanger (6) is arranged on a primary side heat pipe section of the first loop, and an outlet of the primary side passive water storage tank (5) is connected to the primary side injection inlet pipeline; an outlet pipeline of the primary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger (6) is connected with a cold water chamber of a lower end socket of a steam generator in two loops, and the primary side waste heat discharge heat exchanger (6), the primary side cold pipe section and the primary side hot pipe section form a passive waste heat discharge natural circulation loop together;
the primary side cold pipe sections of the two loops are connected with a direct injection port of the pressure container (1) through a primary side high-pressure safety injection box and a primary side injection port pipeline, and the primary side medium-pressure safety injection box is directly connected with the direct injection port through the primary side injection port pipeline.
8. The 'physical + virtual' pressurized water reactor full condition simulation platform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control operation platform comprises: an operator station (14-1), an engineer station (14-2), a management network (14-3), a first real-time server (14-4), a second real-time server (14-5), a history server (14-6), a display screen (14-7), a system network (14-8) and a field control station (14-9), the on-site control station (14-9) is connected with a system network (14-8), the first real-time server (14-4) and the second real-time server (14-5) are respectively connected with the system network (14-8) and a management network (14-3), and the management network (14-3) is connected with the operator station (14-1), the engineer station (14-2), the history server (14-6) and the display screen (14-7).
9. The 'physical + virtual' pressurized water reactor full-condition simulation platform according to claim 8, wherein two sets of human-machine interfaces with different operation authorities and functions are designed on the engineer station (14-2) for a coach and a student respectively, and a coach human-machine interaction system and an operator human-machine interaction system are realized on the operator station (14-1); constructing a corresponding simulation diagram on an engineer station (14-2) according to a reactivity feedback and neutron poison effect related kinetic equation, and installing the simulation diagram to a field control station (14-9) to realize real-time simulation of reactor neutron dynamics; and the power control of an electric heating system, the wall temperature of the electric heating rod and the temperature measurement of the coolant are combined, so that the simulation of reactor core reactivity control, reactivity feedback effect and reactivity introduction accidents is realized.
10. The simulation platform for the full-operating condition of the pressurized water reactor in the physical and virtual mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulation platform is provided with a set of molten core external cooling system (15) independent of the pressure vessel (1).
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