CN106653110A - External-cooling full-height comprehensive test platform for large-scale advanced reactor pressure vessel - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种大型先进反应堆压力容器外部冷却全高度综合试验平台，包括主装置回路系统、冷凝与冷却系统、供水与预热系统、水化学调节系统以及压力控制系统；冷凝与冷却系统，用于为主装置回路系统的上水箱中一次流体进行温度控制和调节，为上水箱中试验用水提供循环冷却；供水与预热系统，用于向主装置回路系统提供试验用水并进行试验用水的初始预热并保温；水化学调节系统的连接连通主装置回路系统的下水箱，用于控制不同试验中水化学溶液的溶质与浓度；压力控制系统，用于控制上水箱的压力。本发明能够进行确定严重事故条件下实施IVR‑ERVC时压力容器下封头外壁沸腾传热限值临界热通量(CHF)量值与分布的工程验证试验。
The invention provides a full-height comprehensive test platform for the external cooling of a large-scale advanced reactor pressure vessel, which includes a main device circuit system, a condensation and cooling system, a water supply and preheating system, a water chemistry adjustment system, and a pressure control system; the condensation and cooling system, It is used to control and adjust the temperature of the primary fluid in the upper water tank of the main device circuit system, and to provide circulating cooling for the test water in the upper water tank; the water supply and preheating system is used to provide test water to the main device circuit system and conduct test water Initial preheating and heat preservation; the water chemical regulation system is connected to the lower water tank of the main device circuit system, which is used to control the solute and concentration of the water chemical solution in different tests; the pressure control system is used to control the pressure of the upper water tank. The invention can carry out an engineering verification test for determining the critical heat flux (CHF) value and distribution of the boiling heat transfer limit on the outer wall of the lower head of the pressure vessel when the IVR-ERVC is implemented under severe accident conditions.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及反应堆压力容器外部冷却全高度试验平台，具体地，涉及一种大型先进反应堆压力容器外部冷却全高度综合试验平台。The invention relates to a full-height test platform for external cooling of reactor pressure vessels, in particular to a full-height comprehensive test platform for external cooling of large-scale advanced reactor pressure vessels.
背景技术Background technique
作为严重事故管理的重要措施之一，堆内熔融物滞留(IVR)通过对反应堆采取压力容器(RPV)外部冷却措施(ERVC)，将熔融物热量排出，使熔融物滞留于RPV内。As one of the important measures for severe accident management, in-reactor melt retention (IVR) takes pressure vessel (RPV) external cooling measures (ERVC) for the reactor to remove heat from the melt and keep the melt in the RPV.
国际上典型的研究IVR-ERVC的试验台架主要有ULPU系列试验台架和SBLB台架。其中，ULPU系列台架(I、II、III)主要针对AP600几何结构和总体设计参数，IV、V主要针对AP1000设计。SBLB台架对原型压力容器尺寸进行三维缩比设计，进而模拟严重事故下的压力容器外部冷却极限。此外，国内也有进行缩比后的压力容器下封头外部冷却试验装置。Typical international test benches for researching IVR-ERVC mainly include ULPU series test benches and SBLB benches. Among them, ULPU series benches (I, II, III) are mainly designed for the geometric structure and overall design parameters of AP600, while IV and V are mainly designed for AP1000. The SBLB bench performs three-dimensional scaling design on the size of the prototype pressure vessel, and then simulates the external cooling limit of the pressure vessel under severe accidents. In addition, there is also an external cooling test device for the lower head of the pressure vessel that has been scaled down in China.
有研究表明，随着压力容器下封头半径的增加，意味着上游加热长度的增加，会使CHF(临界热流密度)发生处的含气率增加，使该位置更容易发生沸腾临界现象。Studies have shown that with the increase of the radius of the lower head of the pressure vessel, it means the increase of the upstream heating length, which will increase the gas content at the place where CHF (critical heat flux) occurs, making this position more prone to boiling critical phenomena.
由于ERVC压力容器(RPV)下封头外壁临界热通量分布机理与规律的特异性，由于流道流动特性研究对原型与模型之间模化设计的有较细致的要求，所以试验装置与原型反应堆RPV几何参数、注水高度，以及相关工况等之间有密切对应关系；而且已有分析与试验研究表明，RPV外壁朝下曲面上的沸腾传热与临界热通量机理十分复杂，CHF分布既与熔池热流分布有关，也跟RPV下封头外径、壁厚等参数相关强烈。而工程验证试验必须得到可靠的能够直接应用与实堆外壁临界热通量的量化数据与规律，而非仅仅定性结论或趋势性结果。Due to the specificity of the distribution mechanism and law of the critical heat flux on the outer wall of the lower head of the ERVC pressure vessel (RPV), and because the research on the flow characteristics of the flow channel has more detailed requirements for the modeling design between the prototype and the model, the test device and the prototype Reactor RPV geometric parameters, water injection height, and related working conditions have a close correspondence; and existing analysis and experimental studies have shown that the mechanism of boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux on the downward curved surface of the RPV outer wall is very complicated, and the CHF distribution It is not only related to the heat flow distribution of the molten pool, but also strongly related to parameters such as the outer diameter and wall thickness of the RPV lower head. However, engineering verification tests must obtain reliable quantitative data and laws that can be directly applied to the critical heat flux of the outer wall of the actual reactor, rather than just qualitative conclusions or trend results.
我国大型先进压水堆CAP1400也考虑采取非能动IVR-ERVC这一严重事故缓解方案，由于CAP1400功率相比AP1000有明显提升，并且壁面热负荷不均匀导致严重事故下的RPV内局部热负荷增加，从而对ERVC能力提出了较大挑战。为此，迫切需要一个可以更加精确的模拟CAP1400设计特征、堆芯及压力容器(RPV)参数与严重事故工况条件的全高度综合试验平台。my country's large-scale advanced pressurized water reactor CAP1400 also considers adopting passive IVR-ERVC, a severe accident mitigation scheme, because the power of CAP1400 is significantly improved compared with AP1000, and the uneven thermal load on the wall leads to an increase in the local thermal load inside the RPV under severe accidents. This poses a great challenge to the capabilities of ERVC. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a full-height comprehensive test platform that can more accurately simulate the design features of CAP1400, core and pressure vessel (RPV) parameters, and severe accident conditions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种大型先进反应堆压力容器外部冷却全高度综合试验平台。Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a full-height comprehensive test platform for external cooling of large-scale advanced reactor pressure vessels.
本发明提供的大型先进反应堆压力容器外部冷却全高度综合试验平台，包括主装置回路系统、冷凝与冷却系统、供水与预热系统、水化学调节系统以及压力控制系统；The large-scale advanced reactor pressure vessel external cooling full-height comprehensive test platform provided by the present invention includes a main device loop system, a condensation and cooling system, a water supply and preheating system, a water chemical regulation system, and a pressure control system;
所述冷凝与冷却系统，用于为主装置回路系统的上水箱中一次流体进行温度控制和调节，为上水箱中试验用水提供循环冷却；The condensation and cooling system is used to control and adjust the temperature of the primary fluid in the upper water tank of the main device circuit system, and provide circulating cooling for the test water in the upper water tank;
所述供水与预热系统，用于向主装置回路系统提供试验用水并进行试验用水的初始预热并保温；The water supply and preheating system is used to provide test water to the main device circuit system and perform initial preheating and heat preservation of the test water;
水化学调节系统的连接连通所述主装置回路系统的下水箱，用于控制不同试验中水化学溶液的溶质与浓度；The connection of the water chemical regulation system is connected to the lower water tank of the main device loop system, which is used to control the solute and concentration of the water chemical solution in different tests;
所述压力控制系统，用于控制上水箱的压力。The pressure control system is used to control the pressure of the upper water tank.
优选地，所述主装置回路系统包括下水箱、试验本体、上升管、上水箱、下降水管、入口水室以及入口水管；Preferably, the circuit system of the main device includes a lower water tank, a test body, a rising pipe, an upper water tank, a downpipe, an inlet water chamber, and an inlet water pipe;
所述上水箱一方面通过上升水管连通所述下水箱，另一方面通过下降水箱连通所述入口水室；The upper water tank communicates with the lower water tank through the ascending water pipe on the one hand, and communicates with the inlet water chamber through the descending water tank on the other hand;
所述入口水室连通所述下水箱；所述上水箱上设置有第一液位计；所述下降水箱上设置有第二液位计；The inlet water chamber communicates with the lower water tank; the upper water tank is provided with a first liquid level gauge; the lower water tank is provided with a second liquid level gauge;
所述下水箱的上侧弧形面上设置有试验本体。A test body is arranged on the upper arc surface of the lower water tank.
优选地，所述冷凝与冷却系统包括冷却回路、循环泵以及板式换热器；Preferably, the condensation and cooling system includes a cooling circuit, a circulating pump and a plate heat exchanger;
其中，所述冷却回路的一端连通所述上水箱，另一端连通所述循环泵的进水口；所述循环泵的出水口一方面连通所述上水箱，另一方面通过板式换热器连通所述上水箱。Wherein, one end of the cooling circuit is connected to the upper water tank, and the other end is connected to the water inlet of the circulation pump; above water tank.
优选地，所述压力控制系统包括压缩空气分系统、冷凝箱分系统以及喷雾分系统；Preferably, the pressure control system includes a compressed air subsystem, a condensation box subsystem and a spray subsystem;
所述压缩空气分系统中气源一方面用于向上水箱气提供压力控制，用于在1～5.07bar的安全壳大气压力范围内控制上水箱处压力；一方面供给回路清洗系统；所述上水箱顶部设置排放阀，用于提供排气与超压保护；On the one hand, the air source in the compressed air sub-system is used to provide pressure control for the air in the upper water tank, and to control the pressure at the upper water tank within the containment atmospheric pressure range of 1 to 5.07 bar; on the other hand, it is used to supply the circuit cleaning system; A discharge valve is set on the top of the water tank to provide exhaust and overpressure protection;
冷凝箱分系统，用于上水箱内的冷凝，同时也控制上水箱中压力；Condensation box subsystem, used for condensation in the upper water tank, and also controls the pressure in the upper water tank;
所述喷雾分系统连通上水箱的喷头。The spray subsystem is connected to the nozzle of the upper water tank.
优选地，所述供水与预热系统包括第一保温水箱、第一热水锅炉、第二热水锅炉、第二保温水箱；Preferably, the water supply and preheating system includes a first thermal insulation water tank, a first hot water boiler, a second hot water boiler, and a second thermal insulation water tank;
所述第一热水锅炉连通所述第一保温水箱；所述第二热水锅炉连通所述第二保温水箱；所述第一保温水箱、所述第二保温水箱连通所述下水箱The first hot water boiler is connected to the first heat preservation water tank; the second hot water boiler is connected to the second heat preservation water tank; the first heat preservation water tank and the second heat preservation water tank are connected to the lower water tank
所述第一保温水箱连通自来水水源；所述第二保温水箱连通造水系统；The first insulated water tank is connected to the tap water source; the second insulated water tank is connected to the water generation system;
第一保温水箱和第二保温水箱的出水口设有温度测点。The water outlets of the first heat preservation water tank and the second heat preservation water tank are provided with temperature measuring points.
优选地，试验本体上设置有加热壁温度测点、流道可视化测窗、CHF壁温监控测点和加热块超温监控测点；Preferably, the test body is provided with heating wall temperature measuring points, flow channel visualization measuring windows, CHF wall temperature monitoring measuring points and heating block overtemperature monitoring measuring points;
主装置回路系统上设置流量测点、温度测点、压力测点、压差测点，对试验中回路各处热力状态工况作在线测量。The flow measuring point, temperature measuring point, pressure measuring point and differential pressure measuring point are set on the circuit system of the main device, and the thermal status of each part of the circuit in the test is measured online.
优选地，还包括回路清洗系统；Preferably, a circuit cleaning system is also included;
回路清洗系统为主装置回路系统提供自来水与去离子水的上充、下泄与浸泡清洗；为主回路装置系统提供充排气及干保养。The circuit cleaning system provides the main device circuit system with tap water and deionized water for filling, draining and immersion cleaning; the main circuit device system provides charging, exhausting and dry maintenance.
优选地，还包括循环冷却系统；Preferably, a circulating cooling system is also included;
其中，循环冷却系统连通冷凝与冷却系统和压力控制系统的冷凝箱分系统，用于对冷凝与冷却系统、冷凝箱分系统导出的热量进行循环冷却。Among them, the circulating cooling system is connected to the condensing and cooling system and the condensing box subsystem of the pressure control system, and is used to circulate and cool the heat exported by the condensing and cooling system and the condensing box subsystem.
优选地，还包括化学废水处理系统；Preferably, a chemical wastewater treatment system is also included;
所述化学废水处理系统用于对所述主装置回路系统产生的实验排水，通过冷却降温、过滤、离子交换处理。The chemical wastewater treatment system is used to treat the experimental drainage generated by the loop system of the main device through cooling, filtering and ion exchange.
优选地，还包括测控系统；Preferably, a measurement and control system is also included;
所述测控系统，用于主装置回路系统上各测点的测试信号采集，并将测试信号传至测控室监控。The measurement and control system is used for collecting test signals of each measuring point on the loop system of the main device, and transmitting the test signals to the measurement and control room for monitoring.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本年发明结合大型先进压水堆实施IVR-ERVC的几何、结构及工况条件，能够试验研究IVR-ERVC两相自然循环流动与传热瞬态；为此，本发明一方面能够满足实堆严重事故条件下各种温度压力等热力运行状态；另一方面对验证试验及研究装置进行模化设计与检验，使对两相自然循环流动与传热瞬态系统特性的试验模拟，相对于原型的“模化变形”与不确定性尽可能小，使试验平台能够较好给出原型流动与传热特性；1. This year’s invention combines the geometry, structure and working conditions of large-scale advanced pressurized water reactors to implement IVR-ERVC, and can test and study IVR-ERVC two-phase natural circulation flow and heat transfer transient; for this reason, the present invention can meet Various temperature and pressure thermal operating states under the severe accident conditions of real reactors; on the other hand, the modeling design and inspection of verification tests and research devices are carried out, so that the experimental simulation of the characteristics of the two-phase natural circulation flow and heat transfer transient system is relatively Because the "modeling deformation" and uncertainty of the prototype are as small as possible, the test platform can better give the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the prototype;
2、本发明在全高度条件下，根据大型先进压水堆实际设计特点，能够进行确定严重事故条件下实施IVR-ERVC时压力容器下封头外壁沸腾传热限值临界热通量(CHF)量值与分布的工程验证试验；为此试验平台在加热能力、加热热流分布模拟控制、循环流道结构等方面具备进行工程验证试验的条件，通过工程验证试验，测量并给出CAP1400实施ERVC的下封头CHF分布关系式；2. Under the condition of full height, according to the actual design characteristics of large-scale advanced pressurized water reactor, the present invention can determine the critical heat flux (CHF) of the boiling heat transfer limit of the outer wall of the lower head of the pressure vessel when IVR-ERVC is implemented under severe accident conditions Engineering verification test of magnitude and distribution; for this reason, the test platform has the conditions for engineering verification test in terms of heating capacity, heating heat flow distribution simulation control, and circulation flow channel structure. Through engineering verification test, the CAP1400 is measured and given the performance of ERVC Bottom head CHF distribution relational expression;
3、本发明通过相应辅助与支持系统的设置与设计，其能够进行若干重要因素(循环流量、局部阻力特性(特别是进出口组件设计、保温层流道几何结构)、过冷度、加热壁材料及表面特性、水化学特性等)对IVR-ERVC流道流动与下封头传热特性(含流动不稳定性及临界热通量)影响的敏感性试验，以总结这些因素的影响规律，即要求试验装置平台能结合有关更换试验本体与有关参数的控制调节手段等，能在原型条件范围内实现相关敏感性参数的定量调节与控制；3. Through the setting and design of the corresponding auxiliary and supporting systems, the present invention can carry out several important factors (circulation flow, local resistance characteristics (especially the design of inlet and outlet components, the geometric structure of the flow channel of the insulation layer), the degree of subcooling, the heating wall Material and surface properties, water chemical properties, etc.) to the sensitivity test of the influence of IVR-ERVC flow channel flow and lower head heat transfer characteristics (including flow instability and critical heat flux), in order to summarize the influence of these factors, That is to say, the test device platform is required to be able to realize the quantitative adjustment and control of relevant sensitive parameters within the scope of prototype conditions in combination with the replacement of the test body and the control and adjustment means of relevant parameters;
4、本发明中的加热模块经过精心的专门论证与设计，以满足局部高热流密度的加热要求(局部热流至少需达到超过2.0MW/m2的能力)；同时，对加热模块应监控局部温度，并通过手动与自动方式可切除加热功率，以保障加热安全；此外，电气系统需具备足够的容量，以满足加热供能及其他动力设备需求；4. The heating module in the present invention has been specially demonstrated and designed carefully to meet the heating requirements of local high heat flux (the local heat flow must be at least capable of exceeding 2.0MW/m2); at the same time, the heating module should monitor the local temperature, And the heating power can be cut off manually and automatically to ensure heating safety; in addition, the electrical system must have sufficient capacity to meet the needs of heating energy supply and other power equipment;
5、本发明在测控系统设计方面，在试验本体上应设置满足测量精度要求的温度(壁温、流体温度等)、流量、压力、压差等测点，测量或监控主回路装置各处温、压、流等系统工况状态参数，并间接实现试验中本体表面上的温度、热通量及临界热通量的有效测量，同时量测误差需得到有效控制；此外，辅助与支持系统的接入、泵的启动、阀门开度调节等应在测控室得以控制；5. In terms of the measurement and control system design of the present invention, measuring points such as temperature (wall temperature, fluid temperature, etc.), flow rate, pressure, and pressure difference that meet the measurement accuracy requirements should be set on the test body to measure or monitor the temperature of each part of the main circuit device. , pressure, flow and other system working condition parameters, and indirectly realize the effective measurement of the temperature, heat flux and critical heat flux on the surface of the body in the test, and the measurement error must be effectively controlled; in addition, the auxiliary and supporting systems Connection, pump start-up, valve opening adjustment, etc. should be controlled in the measurement and control room;
6本发明在试验装置上设置相应的压力测点，使在试验过程中能够测量保温层内壁各处压力等参数，以考察保温层在试验过程中的受力分布情况。6 In the present invention, corresponding pressure measuring points are set on the test device, so that parameters such as pressure at various places on the inner wall of the insulation layer can be measured during the test process, so as to investigate the force distribution of the insulation layer during the test process.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
图1为本发明中试验平台架构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of test platform architecture in the present invention;
图2为本发明中主装置回路的示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of main device circuit among the present invention;
图3为本发明中冷凝与冷却系统的示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of condensation and cooling system among the present invention;
图4为本发明中压力控制系统的示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of pressure control system among the present invention;
图5为本发明中供水与预热系统的示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of water supply and preheating system among the present invention;
图6为本发明中水化学调节系统的示意图；Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the water chemical regulation system in the present invention;
图7为本发明循环冷却系统的示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the circulating cooling system of the present invention.
图中：In the picture:
1为第一液位计；2为第二液位计；3为下降水箱；4为入口水室；5为上水箱；6为第二上升管；7为第一上升管；8为下水箱；9为试验本体。1 is the first liquid level gauge; 2 is the second liquid level gauge; 3 is the descending water tank; 4 is the inlet water chamber; 5 is the upper water tank; 6 is the second rising pipe; 7 is the first rising pipe; 8 is the lower water tank ; 9 is the test body.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
在本实施例中，本发明提供的大型先进反应堆压力容器外部冷却全高度综合试验平台，包括主装置回路系统(下水箱、试验本体、上升管、上水箱、下降水管、入口水室以及入口水管)；辅助系统(包括冷凝与冷却系统、水化学特性调节系统、供水与预热系统、回路清洗系统、压力控制系统、冷凝与冷却系统)；支持系统(循环冷却系统、造水系统、化学废水处理系统、试验段准备系统)；测控系统(测量系统、数据采集与控制系统)；电气系统(大功率电源)In this embodiment, the large-scale advanced reactor pressure vessel external cooling full-height comprehensive test platform provided by the present invention includes the main device loop system (lower water tank, test body, riser, upper water tank, downcomer, inlet water chamber and inlet water pipe. ); Auxiliary system (including condensation and cooling system, water chemical characteristic adjustment system, water supply and preheating system, loop cleaning system, pressure control system, condensation and cooling system); support system (circulating cooling system, water making system, chemical wastewater processing system, test section preparation system); measurement and control system (measurement system, data acquisition and control system); electrical system (high-power power supply)
所述冷凝与冷却系统，用于为主装置回路系统的上水箱中一次流体进行温度控制和调节，为上水箱中试验用水提供循环冷却；The condensation and cooling system is used to control and adjust the temperature of the primary fluid in the upper water tank of the main device circuit system, and provide circulating cooling for the test water in the upper water tank;
所述供水与预热系统，用于向主装置回路系统提供试验用水并进行试验用水的初始预热并保温；The water supply and preheating system is used to provide test water to the main device circuit system and perform initial preheating and heat preservation of the test water;
水化学调节系统的连接连通所述主装置回路系统的下水箱，用于控制不同试验中水化学溶液的溶质与浓度；The connection of the water chemical regulation system is connected to the lower water tank of the main device loop system, which is used to control the solute and concentration of the water chemical solution in different tests;
所述压力控制系统，用于控制上水箱的压力。The pressure control system is used to control the pressure of the upper water tank.
所述主装置回路系统包括下水箱、试验本体、上升管、上水箱、下降水管、入口水室以及入口水管；The circuit system of the main device includes a lower water tank, a test body, an ascending pipe, an upper water tank, a descending water pipe, an inlet water chamber, and an inlet water pipe;
所述上水箱一方面通过上升水管连通所述下水箱，另一方面通过下降水箱连通所述入口水室；The upper water tank communicates with the lower water tank through the ascending water pipe on the one hand, and communicates with the inlet water chamber through the descending water tank on the other hand;
所述入口水室连通所述下水箱；所述上水箱上设置有第一液位计；所述下降水箱上设置有第二液位计；The inlet water chamber communicates with the lower water tank; the upper water tank is provided with a first liquid level gauge; the lower water tank is provided with a second liquid level gauge;
所述下水箱的上侧弧形面上设置有试验本体。A test body is arranged on the upper arc surface of the lower water tank.
进水与排汽、主管道上部空间与环廊模拟件分别位于下水箱、上水箱中；Water intake and steam exhaust, the upper space of the main pipeline and the simulation parts of the ring corridor are respectively located in the lower water tank and the upper water tank;
所述试验本体设置有不同加热壁材料，如铜块加热材料、LA加热原型材料，用于进行铜块加热与原型材料加热的试验；The test body is provided with different heating wall materials, such as copper block heating material and LA heating prototype material, for the test of copper block heating and prototype material heating;
试验本体上设置有加热壁温度测点、流道可视化测窗、CHF壁温监控测点和加热块超温监控测点；The test body is equipped with heating wall temperature measuring points, flow channel visualization measuring windows, CHF wall temperature monitoring measuring points and heating block over-temperature monitoring measuring points;
主装置回路系统上设置流量测点、温度测点、压力测点、压差测点，对试验中回路各处热力状态工况作在线测量；此外，保温层模拟体上还设有压力测点；The flow measuring point, temperature measuring point, pressure measuring point and pressure difference measuring point are set on the circuit system of the main device, and the thermal state of each part of the circuit in the test is measured online; in addition, the pressure measuring point is also set on the insulation layer simulation body ;
试验本体的加热模块温度测点设置加热壁高温报警与功率切除功能，确保CHF试验中加热模块安全；The temperature measuring point of the heating module of the test body is equipped with a heating wall high temperature alarm and power cut-off function to ensure the safety of the heating module in the CHF test;
上水箱、下水箱内设置有电加热器，上水箱与冷凝与冷却系统相连接，进行回路中流体温度与流体入口温度的控制，调节试验工况，达到试验所需参数；The upper water tank and the lower water tank are equipped with electric heaters, and the upper water tank is connected with the condensation and cooling system to control the temperature of the fluid in the circuit and the temperature of the fluid inlet, adjust the test conditions, and achieve the required parameters for the test;
回路设置气体压力控制与稳压功能，通过压缩空气、冷凝箱、喷雾等子系统或部件控制试验所需压力；同时，回路设有排放阀，可进行手动卸压；The circuit is equipped with gas pressure control and pressure stabilization functions, and the pressure required for the test is controlled by subsystems or components such as compressed air, condensation tank, and spray; at the same time, the circuit is equipped with a discharge valve for manual pressure relief;
通过回路充水与排水，控制回路水位；回路的初始注水由与之连接的供水与预热系统提供，试验前注入经预热的试验用水(去离子水与自来水)；试验中可补水；Control the water level of the circuit through water filling and drainage of the circuit; the initial water injection of the circuit is provided by the water supply and preheating system connected to it, and the preheated test water (deionized water and tap water) is injected before the test; water can be replenished during the test;
考虑进行流量敏感性试验需要，可设置强制循环工况，进行回路在一定范围内的流量调节与试验；为进行水化学特性对CHF影响的验证，在初始注水时通过回路与水化学调节系统的连接，控制不同试验中水化学溶液的溶质与浓度；试验用过的化学废水排至废水处理系统，处理后排放。Considering the needs of the flow sensitivity test, forced circulation conditions can be set to regulate and test the flow of the loop within a certain range; in order to verify the influence of water chemical characteristics on CHF, the loop and the water chemical regulation system are connected during the initial water injection. Connection to control the solute and concentration of the water chemical solution in different tests; the chemical waste water used in the test is discharged to the waste water treatment system and discharged after treatment.
本发明还设有与试验平台试验、运行相关的辅助系统与支持系统。The invention is also provided with an auxiliary system and a support system related to the test and operation of the test platform.
所述冷凝与冷却系统包括冷却回路、循环泵以及板式换热器；The condensation and cooling system includes a cooling circuit, a circulation pump and a plate heat exchanger;
其中，所述冷却回路的一端连通所述上水箱，另一端连通所述循环泵的进水口；所述循环泵的出水口一方面连通所述上水箱，另一方面通过板式换热器连通所述上水箱。Wherein, one end of the cooling circuit is connected to the upper water tank, and the other end is connected to the water inlet of the circulation pump; above water tank.
板式换热器提供一次侧热负荷(即主装置回路上水箱中试验用水的冷却量)向环境的排出；本系统需保证冷却能力与加热能力相匹配。The plate heat exchanger provides the discharge of the heat load on the primary side (that is, the cooling amount of the test water in the water tank on the main device circuit) to the environment; the system needs to ensure that the cooling capacity matches the heating capacity.
所述压力控制系统，用于控制上水箱的压力；The pressure control system is used to control the pressure of the upper water tank;
所述压力控制系统包括压缩空气分系统、冷凝箱分系统以及喷雾分系统；The pressure control system includes a compressed air subsystem, a condensation tank subsystem and a spray subsystem;
所述压缩空气分系统中气源一方面用于向上水箱气提供压力控制，用于在1～5.07bar的安全壳大气压力范围内控制上水箱处压力；一方面供给回路清洗系统；所述上水箱顶部设置排放阀，用于提供排气与超压保护；On the one hand, the air source in the compressed air sub-system is used to provide pressure control for the air in the upper water tank, and to control the pressure at the upper water tank within the containment atmospheric pressure range of 1 to 5.07 bar; on the other hand, it is used to supply the circuit cleaning system; A discharge valve is set on the top of the water tank to provide exhaust and overpressure protection;
冷凝箱分系统，用于上水箱内进行冷凝，通过凝结气空间蒸汽进行排热；同时也有控制上水箱中压力的作用。冷凝箱分系统上水箱上方，对上水箱内进行冷凝。冷凝箱系统的工作原理为：冷凝箱的侧盖上装有紫铜冷凝盘管，盘管内的冷却水来自冷凝与冷却系统；冷凝箱底板设计成朝下倾斜；进汽管管径60mm，接于上水箱顶部至冷凝箱底板；出水管管径30mm，由冷凝箱底板接至上水箱下部；The condensation box sub-system is used for condensation in the upper water tank, and the heat is discharged through the condensed gas space steam; at the same time, it also has the function of controlling the pressure in the upper water tank. The condensing box is above the upper water tank of the sub-system, and condenses in the upper water tank. The working principle of the condensing box system is as follows: the side cover of the condensing box is equipped with a copper condensing coil, and the cooling water in the coil comes from the condensation and cooling system; the bottom plate of the condensing box is designed to be inclined downward; the diameter of the steam inlet pipe is 60mm, connected to the upper From the top of the water tank to the bottom of the condensing tank; the diameter of the outlet pipe is 30mm, connected from the bottom of the condensing tank to the lower part of the upper water tank;
所述喷雾分系统连通上水箱的喷头。The spray subsystem is connected to the nozzle of the upper water tank.
所述供水与预热系统，用于向主装置回路系统提供试验用水并进行试验用水的初始预热并保温；所述供水与预热系统包括第一保温水箱、第一热水锅炉、第二热水锅炉、第二保温水箱；The water supply and preheating system is used to provide test water to the main device circuit system and perform initial preheating and heat preservation of the test water; the water supply and preheating system includes a first heat preservation water tank, a first hot water boiler, a second Hot water boiler, second heat preservation water tank;
所述第一热水锅炉连通所述第一保温水箱；所述第二热水锅炉连通所述第二保温水箱；所述第一保温水箱、所述第二保温水箱连通所述下水箱The first hot water boiler is connected to the first heat preservation water tank; the second hot water boiler is connected to the second heat preservation water tank; the first heat preservation water tank and the second heat preservation water tank are connected to the lower water tank
所述第一保温水箱连通自来水水源；所述第二保温水箱连通造水系统；The first insulated water tank is connected to the tap water source; the second insulated water tank is connected to the water generation system;
第一保温水箱和第二保温水箱的出水口设有温度测点。试验注水或补水时，只使用一条支路，另一条支路则关断。造水系统为试验制备符合水质要求的去离子水。The water outlets of the first heat preservation water tank and the second heat preservation water tank are provided with temperature measuring points. When testing water injection or replenishment, only one branch circuit is used, and the other branch circuit is shut off. The water making system prepares deionized water that meets the water quality requirements for the test.
自来水自水源或造水系统贮水箱的自来水或去离子水分别被离心泵泵入相应的电加热热水锅炉中加热或保温，然后根据注水与补水的需要，由热水离心泵泵送，注入或补入主装置回路系统中下水箱。The tap water or deionized water from the water source or the water storage tank of the water making system is pumped by the centrifugal pump into the corresponding electric heating hot water boiler for heating or heat preservation, and then pumped by the hot water centrifugal pump according to the needs of water injection and replenishment. Or add it to the lower water tank in the loop system of the main device.
此外，两条供水支路还可与水化学调节系统相连，进行临界热通量的水化学因素影响敏感性试验时，两条供水支路之一作为水化学调节系统配制水化学溶液的供水水源。In addition, the two water supply branches can also be connected with the water chemical regulation system. When conducting the sensitivity test of the influence of water chemical factors on the critical heat flux, one of the two water supply branches can be used as the water supply source for the water chemical regulation system to prepare the water chemical solution. .
回路清洗系统为主装置回路系统提供自来水与去离子水的上充、下泄与浸泡清洗；为主回路装置系统提供充排气及干保养。The circuit cleaning system provides the main device circuit system with tap water and deionized water for filling, draining and immersion cleaning; the main circuit device system provides charging, exhausting and dry maintenance.
试验中断或结束后，应对回路进行的清洗与保养，以满足再次试验时可用的要求，减少主装置系统部件因潮湿而腐蚀，或减少主装置系统因水化学试验后的残留而影响后续试验效果的可能性。After the test is interrupted or ended, the circuit should be cleaned and maintained to meet the requirements for re-testing, reduce the corrosion of the main device system components due to moisture, or reduce the impact of the follow-up test effect on the main device system due to the residue after the water chemical test possibility.
系统分别利用供水与预热系统的注水管线、压力控制系统的压缩空气注入管线以及氮气瓶组进行注水清洗与注气保养。The system uses the water injection pipeline of the water supply and preheating system, the compressed air injection pipeline of the pressure control system, and the nitrogen cylinder group for water injection cleaning and gas injection maintenance.
试验开始前或试验结束后，主装置系统处于排空状态下，通过供水与预热系统注入自来水或去离子水并通过强制循环并排放，进行数次清洗；水清洗后，再通过压力控制系统的压缩空气分系统进行数次注、排气；最终利用压力控制系统中喷雾分系统的氮气瓶组(压力罐排空)向主装置系统注气(并延时排气)，经一段时间后封闭主装置系统，进行(氮封)干保养。Before the start of the test or after the end of the test, the main device system is in an empty state, inject tap water or deionized water through the water supply and preheating system and discharge it through forced circulation, and perform several cleanings; after the water is cleaned, it passes through the pressure control system Inject and exhaust the compressed air sub-system for several times; finally use the nitrogen cylinder group (empty the pressure tank) of the spray sub-system in the pressure control system to inject gas into the main device system (and delay exhaust), after a period of time Close the main device system and carry out (nitrogen blanketing) dry maintenance.
循环冷却系统为试验平台的最终热阱，通过冷却塔排出试验加热热量；并为电源、机柜、水化学等提供冷却水。循环冷却系统连通冷凝与冷却系统和压力控制系统的冷凝箱分系统，用于对冷凝与冷却系统、冷凝箱分系统导出的热量进行循环冷却；The circulating cooling system is the final heat sink of the test platform, which discharges the test heating heat through the cooling tower; and provides cooling water for the power supply, cabinet, water chemistry, etc. The circulating cooling system is connected to the condensing and cooling system and the condensing box subsystem of the pressure control system, and is used to circulate and cool the heat exported by the condensing and cooling system and the condensing box subsystem;
更为具体地，主装置回路系统在试验过程中产生的热量通过冷凝与冷却系统、冷凝箱分系统导出，加上试验平台其他热负载(如电源、机柜冷却等)，均以循环冷却系统作为最终热阱。导出这些热量的一次、二次冷却水在循环冷却系统的热交换器内与通过2台冷却塔冷却降温的冷却水进行热交换，从而保持试验平台的热量平衡。More specifically, the heat generated by the circuit system of the main device during the test is exported through the condensation and cooling system and the condensation box subsystem, and other heat loads on the test platform (such as power supply, cabinet cooling, etc.) Ultimate heat sink. The primary and secondary cooling water derived from these heat exchanges heat with the cooling water cooled by two cooling towers in the heat exchanger of the circulating cooling system, so as to maintain the heat balance of the test platform.
根据试验方案，在进行水化学因素对临界热通量影响试验时，试验系统进水需添加数千ppm浓度的硼酸、磷酸钠和醋酸锌试剂。每次试验用水中所含的上述化学试剂浓度不同，且排水体积较大，如通过收集，送往化学实验室废液处理中心集中处理，需要大容量存储和转运容器，成本高。如未经处理直接排放，势必会对环境造成严重污染，因此，化学废水处理系统针对实验排水，通过冷却降温和过滤、离子交换等一个系统的水处理工艺，实现实验排水无害化，满足市政污水收集管网纳管要求，达标排放。According to the test plan, in the test of the influence of water chemical factors on the critical heat flux, boric acid, sodium phosphate and zinc acetate reagents with a concentration of several thousand ppm should be added to the water of the test system. The concentration of the above-mentioned chemical reagents contained in each test water is different, and the drainage volume is large. If it is collected and sent to the waste liquid treatment center of the chemical laboratory for centralized treatment, large-capacity storage and transfer containers are required, and the cost is high. If it is discharged directly without treatment, it will inevitably cause serious pollution to the environment. Therefore, the chemical wastewater treatment system aims at the experimental drainage, through a systematic water treatment process such as cooling, filtration, and ion exchange, to realize the harmlessness of the experimental drainage and meet the municipal requirements. The sewage collection pipe network meets the pipe requirements and discharges up to the standard.
测控系统用于测试根据实际系统设计与需要独立设置测点的信号，测点信号可由现场远传至测控室监控。The measurement and control system is used to test the signals of the measurement points independently set according to the actual system design and needs, and the measurement point signals can be remotely transmitted from the site to the measurement and control room for monitoring.
其中，主试验装置回路上重要参数采集，使用NI公司的高性能数据采集系统；试验本体加热功率控制、辅助和支持系统信号采集与控制，采用上海新华控制集团公司的XDC800智能分布式控制系统(DCS)。测控系统由现场信号变送器→电子设备间→主控室3级组成；高性能数据采集系统与DCS系统之间采用Modbus数据通信，实现数据共享。试验装置所有重要参数都可以在主控室中进行集中采集、显示、存储与信号处理；控制系统可以在主控室进行远程控制，也可以切换到就地控制。Among them, the acquisition of important parameters on the circuit of the main test device uses the high-performance data acquisition system of NI Company; the signal acquisition and control of the heating power control of the test body, auxiliary and support systems adopts the XDC800 intelligent distributed control system of Shanghai Xinhua Control Group Corporation ( DCS). The measurement and control system consists of three levels: field signal transmitter → electronic equipment room → main control room; Modbus data communication is used between the high-performance data acquisition system and the DCS system to realize data sharing. All important parameters of the test device can be centrally collected, displayed, stored and signal processed in the main control room; the control system can be remotely controlled in the main control room or switched to local control.
在本实施例中，本发明为全高度一维试验装置，模拟ERVC外部流动与传热；大功率间接加热，热流大小/分布可调，模拟熔池热源；可视化试验段，全回路分布式两相动态测量；自然循环和强迫循环两种模式，可以进行对比研究；平台的辅助及支持系统可以保障不同工况条件下试验装置顺利运行，并可进一步进行水化学，表面特性等更多因素试验与验证；平台相对原型具备一定参数余量与升级拓展条件。In this embodiment, the present invention is a full-height one-dimensional test device, simulating the external flow and heat transfer of ERVC; high-power indirect heating, adjustable heat flow size/distribution, simulating molten pool heat source; visual test section, distributed two Phase dynamic measurement; two modes of natural circulation and forced circulation can be used for comparative research; the auxiliary and support system of the platform can ensure the smooth operation of the test device under different working conditions, and further tests on water chemistry, surface characteristics and other factors can be carried out and verification; compared with the prototype, the platform has a certain parameter margin and upgrade and expansion conditions.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.
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