CN115478919A - Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle - Google Patents

Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115478919A
CN115478919A CN202010558022.5A CN202010558022A CN115478919A CN 115478919 A CN115478919 A CN 115478919A CN 202010558022 A CN202010558022 A CN 202010558022A CN 115478919 A CN115478919 A CN 115478919A
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China
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working medium
kilogram
kilogram working
heat release
endothermic
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Chinese (zh)
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李鸿瑞
李华玉
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/006—Cooling of compressor or motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
    • F25B6/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in parallel

Abstract

The invention provides a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, belonging to the technical field of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pumps. Means by M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Kilogram formed working medium, nine processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure increasing process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45,M working medium kilogram heat release process 2 52, M step-down process with kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process 56, M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 67,M 1 Condensation process 78, M of kilogram working medium heat release 1 Kilogram working medium decompression process 81-the closed process of composition.

Description

Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pumps.
Background art:
cold demand, heat demand and power demand, which are common in human life and production; the conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy is an important way to realize refrigeration and efficient heating. In general, the temperature of the cooling medium changes during cooling, and the temperature of the medium to be heated also changes during heating; when the mechanical energy is used for heating, the heated medium has the dual characteristics of temperature changing and high temperature at the same time in many times, so that the performance index is unreasonable when refrigeration or heating is realized by adopting a single thermodynamic cycle theory; these have the problems of unreasonable performance index, low heating parameters, high compression ratio and too high working pressure.
From the basic theory, there have long been significant deficiencies: (1) The vapor compression type refrigeration or heat pump cycle based on the reverse Rankine cycle is adopted, heat release mainly depends on a condensation process, and therefore temperature difference loss between a working medium and a heated medium is large during heat release; meanwhile, the condensate is large in loss or high in utilization cost in the pressure reduction process; when the supercritical working condition is adopted, the compression ratio is higher, so that the manufacturing cost of the compressor is high, the safety is reduced, and the like. (2) The gas compression type refrigeration or heat pump cycle which takes reverse Brayton cycle as a theoretical basis requires lower compression ratio, which limits the improvement of heat supply parameters; meanwhile, the low-temperature process is temperature-changing, so that the low-temperature link usually has large temperature difference loss during refrigeration or heating, and the performance index is not ideal.
In a basic theoretical system of thermal science, the establishment, development and application of thermodynamic cycle play an important role in leap on energy utilization, and social progress and productivity development are actively promoted; the reverse thermodynamic cycle is the theoretical basis of a mechanical energy refrigeration or heating utilization device and is also the core of a related energy utilization system. Aiming at the problems existing for a long time, the invention aims to provide basic theoretical support for the simplicity, the initiative and the high efficiency of a refrigeration or heat pump device from the principle of simply, actively and efficiently utilizing mechanical energy for refrigeration or heating, and provides a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention mainly aims to provide a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, and the specific contents of the invention are explained in terms of the following:
1. reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, nine processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45,M kilogram working medium heat release process 2 Decompression process 52,M with kilogram working medium 1 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 67,M 1 78, M condensation process by heat release of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium decompression process 81-the closed process of composition.
2. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Kilogram formed working medium, ten processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45,M working medium kilogram heat release process 2 52, M step-down process with kilogram working medium 1 46,M of kilogram working medium pressure rise process 1 Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 1 Boosting process 78, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
3. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Kilogram formed working medium, ten processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression process 62, M with kilogram working medium 1 47,M working medium kilogram heat release process 1 Boosting process 78, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
4. The reverse single working medium steam is in combined cycle,is defined by M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, eleven processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 23, M 2 34, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Kilogram working medium heat release process 56, M 2 Decompression process 62, M with kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 37, M 1 78, M heat release process of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
5. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, eleven processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23,M 2 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45,M kilogram working medium heat release process 2 52, M step-down process with kilogram working medium 1 36, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 67,M 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
6. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of composition, twelve processes carried out separately or together or in part-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium exothermic process 56, X kilogram working medium boost process 36, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 72, M 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Kilogram (kg)Exothermic condensation of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
7. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, eleven processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure increasing process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45,M working medium kilogram heat release process 2 Pressure reduction process of 5a, M by kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 67,M 1 78, M condensation process by heat release of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium depressurization process 81-the closed process of composition.
8. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of (kg) of (g) a respective or co-operating twelve processes-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45,M working medium kilogram heat release process 2 Decompression process of working medium kilogram 5a, M 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 46,M step-up process of kilogram working medium 1 Heat release process 67,M per kilogram of working medium 1 Boosting process 78, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And a kilogram working medium decompression process 91-a closed process.
9. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of composition, twelve processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Kilogram (kilogram)Working medium depressurization process 6a, M 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process of b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 47,M working medium kilogram heat release process 1 Boosting process 78, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
10. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Thirteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 23, M 2 Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, M 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression process 6a, M of kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 37, M 1 78, M heat release process of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
11. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Thirteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 23, M 2 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45,M working medium kilogram heat release process 2 Decompression process of working medium kilogram 5a, M 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 36, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 67,M 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
12. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Kilogram composition of working substances, individually or together or in partFourteen processes carried out in parts-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram of working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) a working medium heat release process 56, a working medium pressure rise process 36, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 2 Depressurization process of 7a, M with kilogram of working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process of b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
13. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Thirteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure increasing process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat release process 45, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of working substances of kg 5t 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 56, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise 67, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 7r, M kilogram working medium depressurization process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Heat release process r8, M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium decompression process 81-the closed process of composition.
14. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure increasing process 34, (M) 2 M) kilogram of working medium exothermic Process 45, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of working substances of kg 5t 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise 46, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 67, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boost process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 8r, M kilogram working medium decompression process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Heat release process r9, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
15. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure increasing process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 45, (M) 2 M) kilogram working medium exothermic Process 56, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 6t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 47, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boost process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 8r, M kilogram working medium decompression process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Heat release process r9, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
16. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 2 -M) kilogram of working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 2 M) kilogram working medium exothermic Process 56, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 6t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium pressure increase process 37, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 9r, M kilogram working medium depressurization process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rc, M 1 Kilogram (kg)Working medium depressurization process c 1-the closed process of composition.
17. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 34, (M) 2 M) kilogram of working medium exothermic Process 45, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of working medium kg at 5t 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium endothermic process 36, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise 67, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 9r, M kilogram working medium depressurization process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rc, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
18. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of composition, sixteen processes carried out separately or together or in part-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram of working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) a working medium heat release process 56, a working medium pressure rise process 36, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium exothermic process 67, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 7t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 9r, M kilogram working medium depressurization process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rc, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of the 1 st principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of the 2 nd principle flow of the reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram of a 3 rd principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of the 4 th principle flow of the reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram of the 5 th principle flow of the reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram of the 6 th principle flow of the reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an exemplary 7 th principle flow diagram of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram of an 8 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram of a 9 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an exemplary diagram of a 10 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an exemplary diagram of an 11 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is an exemplary diagram of a 12 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary 13 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a 14 th principle flow of a reverse monophasic steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 15 is an exemplary diagram of a 15 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary flow diagram of the 16 th principle of a reverse single-working-medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary 17 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 18 is an exemplary diagram of an 18 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
it should be noted that, in terms of flow expression, the flow is not repeated if necessary, and an obvious flow is not expressed; the invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 1 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium carries out-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M in the kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 2 Decompression expansion process 52,M with kilogram working medium 1 56, M working medium kilogram heat release and temperature reduction processes 1 67, M step-up and temperature-rise process of kilogram working medium 1 78, M is the process of cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 And the pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate is 81-9 processes.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process-in general, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release of 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The heat release of 56 and 78 processes is carried out by kilogram working medium, the high-temperature part is generally used for heated medium, the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of the 23 process is carried out per kilogram of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23 hours and can be used for obtainingThe low temperature heat load is partly used for obtaining the low temperature heat load and partly satisfied by the backheating, or is entirely satisfied by the backheating.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 kg of working medium and M 1 67 processes are carried out by kilogram of working medium, which is generally finished by a compressor and needs mechanical energy; m is a group of 2 The 52-kilogram working medium process is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The process of 81 kilograms of working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of pressure reduction and expansion is less than the work consumption of pressure increase, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 2 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M step-up and temperature-rising process of kilogram working medium 2 45, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process 52,M with kilogram working medium 1 46, M in the process of boosting and heating kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 67, M 1 78, M step-up and temperature-rising process of kilogram working medium 1 89, M, in the process of cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 And (5) a step-down process 91-10 processes of kilogram working medium condensate.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process-in general, M 2 Heat release in 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The heat release of 67 and 89 processes is carried out by kilogram working medium, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of the process of 23 kg is carried out.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Suction for 23 kg of working mediumHeat, either partially for low temperature heat load extraction or partially for low temperature heat load extraction and partially or fully satisfied by recuperation.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 kg of working medium and M 1 46 and 78 processes are carried out by kilogram working media, which are generally finished by a compressor and need mechanical energy; m 2 The 52-kilogram working medium process is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The depressurization 91 of kg of working medium can be accomplished by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of pressure reduction and expansion is less than the work consumption of pressure increase, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 3 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium carries out-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rise processes 2 45, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise processes 2 56, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process with kilogram working medium 62,M 1 47,M working medium kilogram heat release and temperature reduction process 1 78, M step-up and temperature-rising process of kilogram working medium 1 89 m of kilogram working medium heat release cooling, liquefaction and condensate heat release cooling process 1 And (5) a step-down process 91-10 processes of kilogram working medium condensate.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process-in general, M 2 56 process heat release per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release of 47 and 89 processes, the high-temperature part of the process is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part of the process is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of the 23 process is carried out per kilogram of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) And the kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23 kg, and can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the low-temperature heat load is acquired and part of the low-temperature heat load is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the low-temperature heat load is satisfied by regenerative heating.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 kg of working medium for process M 2 45 processes and M in kg of working medium 1 78 kg of working medium is subjected to a process, is generally completed by a compressor and needs mechanical energy; m is a group of 2 The process of 62 kilograms of working medium is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The decompression process 91 of the kilogram of working medium is completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 4 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and heats up 23,M 2 34, M kilogram working medium absorbs heat and heats up 2 45, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 2 56, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process 62, M with kilogram working medium 1 Step-up and temperature-rise process 37, M of kilogram working medium 1 78, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working media 1 89, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 1 Process 9c, M for cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 C1, pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate, 11 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process-in general, M 2 56 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 Kilogram working medium carries out heat release of 78 and 9c, the high-temperature part of the process is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part of the process is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Working with 23 kg of working medium and M 2 The heat requirement of the 34 process is carried out in kilograms of working fluid.
(2) The process of heat absorption-in general,M 1 the kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23, and can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the working medium is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating; m is a group of 2 The heat requirement of 34 kg of working medium in the process can be met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out 37 and 89 processes by kilogram of working medium and M 2 45 kilograms of working medium is processed, generally completed by a compressor and needs mechanical energy; m is a group of 2 The process of 62 kilograms of working medium is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 5 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and heats up 23,M 2 34, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rise processes 2 45, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process 52, M with kilogram working medium 1 36, M in the process of heat absorption and temperature rise of kilogram working media 1 67, M step-up and temperature-rise process of kilogram working medium 1 78, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working media 1 89, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rise process 1 Process 9c, M for cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 C1, pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate, 11 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process-M 2 Heat release in 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 Kilogram working medium carries out heat release of 78 and 9c, the high-temperature part of the process is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part of the process is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Working with 23 kg of working medium and M 1 The heat requirement of the 36 process is carried out per kilogram of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23, and can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the working medium is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating; m is a group of 1 The heat requirement of 36 kg of working medium in the process can be met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 67 and 89 processes are carried out by kilogram working medium and M 2 The 34 kg of working medium is generally completed by a compressor and requires mechanical energy; m 2 The 52-kilogram process is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 6 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium carries out-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) step-up and temperature-rise process 45 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium exothermic and cooling process 56, X kilogram working medium pressure-increasing and temperature-increasing process 36, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release and temperature reduction process 67,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression expansion process 72, M with kilogram working medium 1 78, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working media 1 89, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 1 Process 9c, M for cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 And (4) a step c1 of depressurizing kilogram working medium condensate, namely 12 steps.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 1 +M 2 X) Heat release for 56 Processes with kg of working fluid, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 67 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out the heat release of the processes of 78 and 9c, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Process 23 kg of working medium and (M) 1 +M 2 -X) heat requirement for carrying out the 34 process per kilogram of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23, and can be used for obtaining low-temperature heat load, or part of the working medium is used for obtaining the low-temperature heat load and part of the working medium is heated back; (M) 1 +M 2 X) kg of working medium is subjected to 34 processes of heat absorption, which can be used for obtaining low-temperature heat load, or is partially used for obtaining low-temperature heat load and is partially satisfied by regenerative heating, or is entirely satisfied by regenerative heating.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 -X) 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, X36 processes per kilogram of working medium and M 1 89 kilograms of working medium is generally completed by a compressor and requires mechanical energy; m 2 72 kg of working medium are processed by an expansion machine and provide mechanical energy, M 1 The process of c1 can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve according to kilogram working media; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 7 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Kilogram working medium is decompressed and expandedIn the range of 5a, M 2 Kilogram working medium heat absorption and temperature rise ab, M 2 Decompression expansion process b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 56, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 1 Step-up and temperature-rise process 67, M of kilogram working medium 1 78, M is the process of cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 And the pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate is 81-11 processes.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process-in general, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release in 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The heat release of 56 and 78 processes is carried out by kilogram working medium, the high-temperature part is used for the heated medium, and the low-temperature part is used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Carrying out 23 processes and M by kilogram working medium 2 The heat requirement (recuperation) of the ab process is carried out with kilograms of working medium.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23, and can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the working medium is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating; m 2 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the ab process, and the heat absorption can be met by heat regeneration or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 kg of working medium and M 1 67 processes are carried out by kilogram of working medium, which is generally finished by a compressor and needs mechanical energy; m 2 The process of 5a and b2 is completed by an expander and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The process of 81 kilograms of working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 8 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium heat-absorbing steamFormation Process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rise processes 2 45, M in the kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 2 Decompression expansion process of working medium kilogram 5a, M 2 Kilogram working medium heat absorption and temperature rise ab, M 2 Decompression expansion process of working medium kg b2, M 1 46, M in the process of boosting and heating kilogram working medium 1 Heat release and temperature reduction process 67,M of kilogram working medium 1 78, M in the process of boosting and heating kilogram working medium 1 89 m of kilogram working medium heat release cooling, liquefaction and condensate heat release cooling process 1 91-12 processes of pressure reduction of kilogram working medium condensate.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic process-M 2 Heat release in 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release in the two processes of 67 and 89, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for M 2 Ab Process with kilogram working substance and (M) 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of the 23 process is carried out per kilogram of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the process of 23, and the heat absorption can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the heat absorption is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the heat absorption is met by regenerative heating, or all of the heat absorption is met by regenerative heating; m 2 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the ab process, and the heat absorption can be met by heat regeneration or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 kg of working medium for the process and M 1 46 and 78 processes are carried out by kilogram of working medium, which is generally completed by a compressor and needs mechanical energy; m is a group of 2 The process of 5a and b2 is completed by an expander and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The decompression 91 of the kilogram of working medium can be performed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 9 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium carries out-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M step-up and temperature-rising process of kilogram working medium 2 45, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 2 56, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process 6a, M of kilogram working medium 2 Kilogram working medium heat absorption and temperature rise ab, M 2 Decompression expansion process of working medium kg b2, M 1 47,M working medium kilogram heat release and temperature reduction process 1 78, M in the process of boosting and heating kilogram working medium 1 89, M, in the process of cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 And 91-12 processes in total in the pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic process-M 2 56 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release in 47 and 89 processes, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for M 2 Ab Process and (M) in kilograms working substance 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of the process of 23 kg is carried out.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23, and can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the working medium is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating; m 2 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the ab process, and the heat absorption can be met by heat regeneration or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 ) Carrying out 34 processes and M on kilogram working media 2 45 processes and M are carried out per kilogram of working medium 1 78 kg of working medium is subjected to a process, is generally completed by a compressor and needs mechanical energy; m is a group of 2 The process of 6a and b2 is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The depressurization 91 of kg of working medium can be accomplished by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram shown in fig. 10 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 23, M 2 34, M kilogram working medium absorbs heat and heats up 2 45, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 2 56, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process 6a, M of kilogram working medium 2 Kilogram working medium heat absorption and temperature rise ab, M 2 Decompression expansion process b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 Step-up and temperature-rise process 37, M of kilogram working medium 1 78, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working media 1 89, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 1 The process of cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate is 9c 1 And c1, 13 processes in total are carried out in the pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic process-M 2 56 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 Kilogram working medium carries out heat release of 78 and 9c, the high-temperature part of the process is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part of the process is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Working with 23 kg of working medium and M 2 And the heat requirement of 34 and ab processes is carried out by kilogram working media.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23, and can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the working medium is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating; m is a group of 2 Kilogram workerThe heat requirement of the process 34 can be met by heat regeneration; m is a group of 2 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the ab process, and is generally satisfied by heat return or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out 37 and 89 processes by kilogram of working medium and M 2 The 45-kilogram process is generally completed by a compressor, and mechanical energy is needed; m 2 The process of 6a and b2 is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 11 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium carries out-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and heats up 23,M 2 34, M step-up and temperature-rising process of kilogram working medium 2 45, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process of working medium of kilogram 5a, M 2 Ab, M heat absorption and temperature rise of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression expansion process b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 36, M in the kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 1 67, M step-up and temperature-rise process of kilogram working medium 1 78, M in the process of heat release and temperature reduction of kilogram working medium 1 89, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rise process 1 The process of cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate is 9c 1 And c1, 13 processes in total are carried out in the pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process-M 2 Heat release of 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release in the two processes of 78 and 9c, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Carrying out 23 processes and M on kilogram working media 1 36 processes and M in kg of working medium 2 Heat requirement of ab Process with kilogram working substance。
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23, and can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the working medium is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating; m is a group of 1 The heat requirement of 36 kg of working medium in the process can be met by heat regeneration; m is a group of 2 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the ab process, and is generally satisfied by heat return or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 67 and 89 processes are carried out by kilogram working medium and M 2 The 34 kg of working medium is generally completed by a compressor and requires mechanical energy; m 2 The process of 5a and b2 is completed by an expander and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 12 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium endothermic temperature rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) step-up and temperature-rise process 45 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) a working medium kilogram heat release and temperature reduction process 56, a working medium X kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 36, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release and temperature reduction process 67,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression expansion process 7a, M with kilogram working medium 2 Kilogram working medium heat absorption and temperature rise ab, M 2 Decompression expansion process b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 78, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working media 1 89, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rise process 1 Process 9c, M for cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 C1, a pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate, namely 14 processes.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 1 +M 2 X) Heat Release of 56 Processes with kg of working Medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 67 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release in the two processes of 78 and 9c, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Carrying out 23 processes (M) by kg of working medium 1 +M 2 X) 34 process steps per kilogram of working fluid and M 2 Kilogram of working fluid carries out the heat demand of ab process.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23, and can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the working medium is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating; (M) 1 +M 2 X) one kilogram of working medium undergoes 34 processes of heat absorption, which can be used for obtaining low-temperature heat load, or can be partially used for obtaining low-temperature heat load and partially satisfied by regenerative heating, or can be entirely satisfied by regenerative heating; m is a group of 2 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the ab process, and the heat absorption can be met by heat regeneration or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 -X) 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, X36 processes per kilogram of working medium and M 1 89 kilograms of working medium is generally completed by a compressor and requires mechanical energy; m 2 The process of 7a and b2 is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The process of c1 can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve according to kilogram of working medium; the work of pressure reduction and expansion is less than the work consumption of pressure increase, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 13 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 45, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium depressurization expansion process 5t 2 Decompression expansion process t2 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 56, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process 67, (M) 1 + M) cooling process by heat release of working medium (7 r), pressure reduction process (rs) by heat release of liquefied and condensed liquid (M kg), heat absorption, vaporization and overheating process (st, M) by working medium (M kg) 1 R8, M in heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate 1 And (4) a kilogram working medium condensate depressurization process 81-13 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process-in general, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release in 45 processes is carried out by kilogram working medium, (M) 1 + M) Heat release from 56, 7r two processes with one kilogram of working medium, and M 1 Kilogram working medium condensate carries out heat release in the r8 process, the high-temperature part of the condensate is used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part of the condensate is used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) And (4) carrying out 23 processes on kilogram working media, and carrying out heat demand (heat regeneration) on M kilograms working media in the st process.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23, and can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the working medium is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process, and generally the requirement is met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 kg of working medium and (M) 1 + M) kilogram of working medium is subjected to 67 processes, generally completed by a compressor, and mechanical energy is needed; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 5t and M) kg working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t2 is completed by the expansion machine and is providedMechanical energy, M kg working medium to perform rs process and M 1 The process of 81 kilograms of working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working fluid vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 14 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium exothermic cooling process 45, (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process with kg working medium at 5t 2 Decompression expansion process t2 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 46, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 67, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 78, (M) 1 + M) kg working medium heat release and temperature reduction, liquefaction and condensate heat release and temperature reduction process 8r, M kg working medium pressure reduction process rs, M kg working medium heat absorption, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 R9, M in heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate 1 And (5) a step-down process 91 of kilogram working medium condensate, namely 14 processes.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 2 M) exothermic reaction of 45 process steps with kg of working fluid, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium for heat release in the two processes 67 and 8r, and M 1 The kilogram working medium condensate carries out the heat release of the r9 process, the high-temperature part of the condensate is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part of the condensate is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) And (5) carrying out 23 kg of working medium and carrying out st process by M kg of working medium.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23 hours and can be used for obtaining low-temperature heat load or partially used for obtaining low-temperature heat loadThe load is partially met by regenerative heating, or is completely met by regenerative heating; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process, and generally the requirement is met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 kg of working medium and (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium is processed in 46 and 78 processes, generally completed by a compressor, and mechanical energy is needed; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 5t and M with kilogram working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t2 is completed by the expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, and M kilograms working medium carries out the rs process and M kilograms working medium 1 The depressurization 91 of kg of working medium can be accomplished by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of pressure reduction and expansion is less than the work consumption of pressure increase, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 15 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 45, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium exothermic cooling process 56, (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 6t, M) with kg of working medium 2 Decompression expansion process t2 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 47, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 78, (M) 1 + M) kg working medium heat release cooling, liquefaction and condensate heat release cooling process 8r, M kg working medium pressure reduction process rs, M kg working medium heat absorption, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 R9, M in heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate 1 And (5) a step-down process 91 of kilogram working medium condensate, namely 14 processes.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 2 M) Heat Release from 56 Processes with kg of working fluid, (M) 1 + M) kilogram of working medium for 47, 8r two processes, and M 1 Releasing heat of r9 process by kilogram of working medium condensateThe high-temperature part is generally used for the heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) And (5) carrying out 23 kg of working medium and carrying out st process by M kg of working medium.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the process of 23, and the heat absorption can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the heat absorption is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the heat absorption is met by regenerative heating, or all of the heat absorption is met by regenerative heating; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process, and generally the requirement is met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 process (M) is carried out by kilogram working medium 2 -M) Process 45 kg of working fluid and (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium is subjected to 78 processes, generally completed by a compressor, and mechanical energy is required; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 6t and M with kilogram working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t2 is completed by the expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, and M kilograms working medium carries out the rs process and M kilograms working medium 1 The depressurization 91 of kg of working medium can be accomplished by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 16 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium carries out-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 23, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 34, (M) 2 -M) kg of working medium for pressure and temperature raising 45 2 -M) kilogram working medium exothermic cooling process 56, (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 6t, M) with kg working substance 2 Kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 37, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 89, where (M) 1 + M) kg of working mediumExothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate exothermic cooling process 9r, M kilogram working medium pressure reduction process rs, M kilogram working medium heat absorption, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium condensate heat release and temperature reduction process rc, M 1 C1, 15 processes in total in the pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 2 M) Heat Release from 56 Processes with kg of working fluid, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium for 78, 9r heat release, and M 1 Kilogram working medium condensate is subjected to the heat release of rc process, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Carrying out 23 processes (M) by kg of working medium 2 -M) heat requirement for 34 process with M kg of working fluid and st process with M kg of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the process of 23, and the heat absorption can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the heat absorption is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the heat absorption is met by regenerative heating, or all of the heat absorption is met by regenerative heating; (M) 2 -M) the heat requirement for 34 processes per kilogram of working medium, generally satisfied by recuperation; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process, and generally the requirement is met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium is subjected to the processes of 37 and 89, and (M) 2 -M) 45 processes are carried out with kg of working medium, generally done by a compressor, requiring mechanical energy; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 6t and M with kilogram working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t2 is completed by the expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, and M kilograms working medium carries out the rs process and M kilograms working medium 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of pressure reduction and expansion is less than the work consumption of pressure increase, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 17 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 23, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium exothermic cooling process 45, (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process with kg working medium at 5t 2 Kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 36, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process 67, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 89, and (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate exothermic cooling process 9r, M kg of working medium decompression process rs, M kg of working medium endothermic, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium condensate heat release and cooling process rc, M 1 C1, 15 processes in total in the pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 2 M) Heat release from the 45 Process with kg of working fluid, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium for 78, 9r heat release, and M 1 Kilogram working medium condensate is subjected to the heat release of rc process, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Carrying out 23 processes (M) by kg of working medium 1 + M) kilograms working fluid for the 36 process and M kilograms working fluid for the st process.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23, and can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the working medium is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating; (M) 1 + M) kilogram of working medium carries on the heat demand of 36 processes, can be met by backheating; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process, and generally the requirement is met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium67. 89 two processes and (M) 2 -M) 34 kg of working medium, generally performed by a compressor, requiring mechanical energy; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 5t and M with kilogram working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t2 is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, and M kilograms working medium carries out the rs process and M kilograms working medium 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working fluid vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 18 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium carries out-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kg of working medium for pressure and temperature raising 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) a working medium kilogram heat release and temperature reduction process 56, a working medium X kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 36, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 67, (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion Process 7t, M) with kilogram of working substance 2 Decompression expansion process t2 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 89, where (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate exothermic cooling process 9r, M kg of working medium decompression process rs, M kg of working medium endothermic, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium condensate heat release and cooling process rc, M 1 C1, 16 processes are performed in the kilogram working medium condensate pressure reduction process.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 1 +M 2 X) Heat release for 56 Processes with kg of working fluid, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 67 process heat release (M) per kilogram working medium 1 + M) kg of working medium for 78, 9r heat release, and M 1 The kilogram working medium condensate is subjected to the heat release of the rc process, and the high-temperature part of the condensate is generally usedHeated medium, low temperature part commonly used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Carrying out 23 processes (M) by kg of working medium 1 +M 2 -X) heat requirement for 34 kg of working fluid to perform the process and M kg of working fluid to perform the st process.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the process of 23, and can be used for acquiring low-temperature heat load, or part of the working medium is used for acquiring the low-temperature heat load and part of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating; (M) 1 +M 2 X) one kilogram of working medium undergoes 34 processes of heat absorption, which can be used for obtaining low-temperature heat load, or can be partially used for obtaining low-temperature heat load and partially satisfied by regenerative heating, or can be entirely satisfied by regenerative heating; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process and can be satisfied by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process- (M) 1 +M 2 -X) 45 processes per kilogram of working fluid, X36 processes per kilogram of working fluid and (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium is subjected to 89 processes, which are generally completed by a compressor and require mechanical energy; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 7t and M with kg working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t2 is completed by the expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, and M kilograms working medium carries out the rs process and M kilograms working medium 1 The process of c1 can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve according to kilogram working media; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The effect that the technology of the invention can realize-the reverse single working medium steam combined cycle provided by the invention has the following effects and advantages:
(1) And a basic theory of mechanical energy refrigeration and heating utilization (energy difference utilization) is created.
(2) The heat load in the phase change heat release process is eliminated or greatly reduced, the heat release load in a high-temperature section is relatively increased, and the rationalization of the reverse cycle performance index is realized.
(3) The parameter range of the working medium is greatly expanded, and high-efficiency high-temperature heat supply is realized.
(4) Providing theoretical basis for reducing working pressure and improving the safety of the device.
(5) The cyclic compression ratio is reduced, and convenience is provided for selection and manufacture of core equipment.
(6) The method is simple, reasonable in process and good in applicability, and is a common technology for realizing the effective utilization of energy difference.
(7) The single working medium is beneficial to production and storage; reduce the running cost and improve the flexibility of cycle adjustment
(8) The process is shared, the process is reduced, and a theoretical basis is provided for reducing equipment investment.
(9) In the high temperature area or the variable temperature area, the temperature difference heat transfer loss of the heat release link is reduced, and the performance index is improved.
(10) And a low-pressure operation mode is adopted in a high-temperature heat supply area, so that the contradiction between the performance index, the circulating medium parameter and the pressure and temperature resistance of the pipe in the traditional refrigeration and heat pump device is relieved or solved.
(11) On the premise of realizing high performance index, low-pressure operation can be selected, and theoretical support is provided for improving the operation safety of the device.
(12) The working medium has wide application range, can well adapt to energy supply requirements, and is flexibly matched with working parameters.
(13) The thermodynamic cycle range of the mechanical energy for efficiently utilizing cold and heat is expanded, and the efficient utilization of the mechanical energy in the fields of refrigeration, high-temperature heat supply and variable-temperature heat supply is favorably realized.

Claims (18)

1. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, nine processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure increasing process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45,M kilogram working medium heat release process 2 52, M step-down process with kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process 56, M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 67, M 1 Condensation process 78, M of kilogram working medium heat release 1 Kilogram working medium decompression process 81-the closed process of composition.
2. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Ten processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45,M working medium kilogram heat release process 2 52, M step-down process with kilogram working medium 1 46,M step-up process of kilogram working medium 1 Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 1 Boosting process 78, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
3. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Kilogram formed working medium, ten processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 62,M 1 47,M working medium kilogram heat release process 1 Boosting process 78, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
4. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, eleven processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 23, M 2 Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, M 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression process 62, M with kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working mediumBoosting Process 37,M 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
5. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, eleven processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 23, M 2 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45,M working medium kilogram heat release process 2 52, M step-down process with kilogram working medium 1 36, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 67,M 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
6. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of composition, twelve processes carried out separately or together or in part-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium exothermic process 56, X kilogram working medium boost process 36, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 72, M 1 78, M heat release process of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
7. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Kilogram composition of working medium, separately or togetherEleven procedures of (A) — M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure increasing process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45,M working medium kilogram heat release process 2 Pressure reduction process of 5a, M by kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process 56, M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 67,M 1 Condensation process 78, M of kilogram working medium heat release 1 Kilogram working medium depressurization process 81-the closed process of composition.
8. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of (kg) of (g) a respective or co-operating twelve processes-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45,M working medium kilogram heat release process 2 Pressure reduction process of 5a, M by kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process of b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 46,M step-up process of kilogram working medium 1 Heat release process 67,M per kilogram of working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 78, M 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
9. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of (kg) of (g) a respective or co-operating twelve processes-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Depressurization process 6a, M of kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process of b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 47,M working medium kilogram heat release process 1 Boosting process 78, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And a kilogram working medium decompression process 91-a closed process.
10. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Kilogram formed working medium, thirteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 23, M 2 Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, M 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Depressurization process 6a, M of kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 37, M 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, M 1 Exothermic condensation process 9c, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
11. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Thirteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 23, M 2 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, M 2 45,M working medium kilogram heat release process 2 Pressure reduction process of 5a, M by kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 36, M kilogram working medium absorbs heat 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 67,M 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
12. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working fluids of kilogram composition, separately or together or in partFourteen processes of line-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) a working medium heat release process 56, a working medium pressure rise process 36, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release process 67,M per kilogram of working medium 2 Depressurization process of 7a, M with kilogram of working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process of b2, M with kilogram working medium 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
13. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Thirteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat release process 45, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of working substances of kg 5t 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 56, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise 67, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 7r, M kilogram working medium depressurization process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Heat release process r8, M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium depressurization process 81-the closed process of composition.
14. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure increasing process 34, (M) 2 M) kilogram of working medium exothermic Process 45, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of working medium kg at 5t 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise 46, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 67, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boost process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 8r, M kilogram working medium decompression process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Heat release process r9, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
15. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure increasing process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 45, (M) 2 M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 56, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 6t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 47, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boost process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 8r, M kilogram working medium decompression process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Heat release process r9, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
16. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 45, (M) 2 M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 56, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 6t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boost process 37, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 78, (M) 1 + M) kg of working substancePressing Process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 9r, M kilogram working medium depressurization process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rc, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
17. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure boosting process 34, (M) 2 M) kilogram of working medium exothermic Process 45, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of working substances of kg 5t 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium endotherm 36, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise 67, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 9r, M kilogram working medium depressurization process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rc, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
18. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of, sixteen processes carried out individually or together or in part-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram of working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium exothermic process 56, X kilogram working medium boost process 36, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium exothermic process 67, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 7t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t2, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, (M) 1 + M) kg working medium exothermic condensation process 9r, M kg working medium dropPressure process rs, M kilogram working medium heat absorption vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rc, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
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