WO2020215817A1 - Single working medium vapor combined cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a single working medium vapor combined cycle, which refers to a closing process composed of thirteen processes carried out by, separately or together, working mediums composed of M1 kilogram, M2 kilogram and H kilogram working mediums -- a pressure raising process 12 of the M1 kilogram working medium, an endothermic vaporization process 23 of the M1 kilogram working medium, a pressure reducing process 34 of the M1 kilogram working medium, an endothermic process 45 of the M1 kilogram working medium, a pressure raising process 1e of the H kilogram working medium, a mixed endothermic process e8 of the H kilogram working medium and (M1+M2) kilogram working medium, a pressure raising process 85 of the M2 kilogram working medium, an endothermic process 56 of the (M1+M2) kilogram working medium, a pressure reducing process 67 of the (M1+M2) kilogram working medium, an exothermic process 7f of the (M1+M2) kilogram working medium, a mixed exothermic process f8 of the (M1+M2) kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, a pressure reducing process 89 of the (M1+H) kilogram working medium, and an exothermic condensation process 91 of the (M1+H) kilogram working medium. Similarly, the working mediums can also be subjected to, separately or together, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, and nineteen processes to form a single working medium vapor combined cycle.

Description

Single working substance steam combined cycle Technical field:

The invention belongs to the field of energy and power technology.

Background technique:

Cold demand, heat demand and power demand are common in human life and production; among them, the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy is an important way to obtain and provide power. Under normal circumstances, the temperature of the heat source decreases with the release of heat, and the heat source is variable temperature; when fossil fuels are used as the source energy, the heat source has the dual characteristics of high temperature and variable temperature at the same time, which makes the use of a single thermal cycle theory to achieve cooling and supply The energy efficiency is not ideal when the heat is converted into motion.

Take the external combustion steam power plant as an example, the heat source is high temperature and variable temperature heat source; when the Rankine cycle is used as the theoretical basis, water vapor is used as the circulating working fluid to achieve thermal variable work, due to the temperature and pressure resistance of the material And safety restrictions, no matter what parameters are used for operation, there is a large temperature difference between the circulating working fluid and the heat source, and the irreversible loss is large, resulting in low thermal efficiency.

In reality, people need to use fuel generation or other high-temperature heat energy to achieve cooling, heating, or conversion into power simply, actively, and efficiently. This requires the support of the basic theory of thermal science; in the basic theoretical system of thermal science, the thermal cycle is The theoretical basis of thermal energy utilization devices and the core of energy utilization systems; the creation and development and application of thermal cycles will play a major role in the leap of energy utilization and will actively promote social progress and productivity development.

Starting from the principle of simple, active and efficient utilization of temperature difference, aiming at the power application of high temperature heat source or variable temperature heat source, and striving to provide theoretical support for the simplification and high efficiency of the thermodynamic system, the present invention proposes a single working substance steam combination cycle.

Summary of the invention:

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a single working fluid steam combined cycle, and the specific content of the invention is described as follows:

1. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluids composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, which are carried out separately or together thirteen processes-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram refrigerant endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kg refrigerant depressurization process 34, M ₁ kg refrigerant heat absorption process 45, H kg refrigerant pressure boost process 1e, H kg refrigerant heat absorption process e8, M ₂ kg Working fluid pressure increase process 85, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid heat absorption process 56, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid heat release process 7f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid and H kg working fluid mixing exothermic process f8, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid pressure reduction process 89, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 91—The closing process of composition.

2. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, and 14 processes carried out separately or together-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram refrigerant endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kg refrigerant depressurization process 34, M ₁ kg refrigerant endothermic process 45, M ₁ kg refrigerant depressurization process 57, H kg refrigerant boost process 1e, H kg Working fluid endothermic process e9, M ₂ kg working fluid boost process 96, M ₂ kg working fluid heat absorption process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid pressure reduction process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg Working fluid heat release process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process f9, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid pressure reduction process 9c, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid Mass exothermic condensation process c1-the closed process of composition.

3. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid consisting of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, and 14 processes carried out separately or together-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram refrigerant endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kg refrigerant depressurization process 34, M ₁ kg refrigerant heat absorption process 47, H kg refrigerant pressure boost process 1e, H kg refrigerant heat absorption process e9, M ₂ kg Working fluid pressure increase process 95, M ₂ kg working fluid heat absorption process 56, M ₂ kg working fluid pressure reduction process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid pressure reduction process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg Working fluid heat release process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process f9, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid pressure reduction process 9c, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid Mass exothermic condensation process c1-the closed process of composition.

4. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid composed of M ₁ kilogram, M ₂ kilogram and H kilogram, respectively or together fifteen processes-M ₁ kilogram working medium boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram working fluid endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 34, M ₁ kilogram working fluid heat absorption process 45, M ₁ kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 59, H kilogram pressure boosting process 1e, H kilogram working fluid Endothermic process ec, M ₂ kg working fluid boosting process c6, M ₂ kg working fluid endothermic process 67, M ₂ kg working fluid depressurizing process 78, M ₂ kg working fluid exothermic process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process fc, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process cd, (M ₁ +H ) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1——composition closed process.

5. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid composed of M ₁ kilogram, M ₂ kilogram and H kilogram, respectively or together fifteen processes-M ₁ kilogram working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram working fluid endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kg working fluid depressurization process 34, M ₁ kg working fluid endothermic process 45, M ₁ kg working fluid depressurization process 56, M ₁ kg working fluid exothermic process 69, H Kilogram working fluid pressure increase process 1e, H kilogram working fluid endothermic process ec, M ₂ kilogram working fluid pressure up process c7, M ₂ kilogram working fluid heat absorption process 78, M ₂ kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ )Kg working fluid heat release process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ )Kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process fc, (M ₁ +H)Kg working fluid pressure reduction process cd, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1——composition closed process.

6. The single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the sixteen processes that are composed of M ₁ kilogram, M ₂ kilogram and H kilogram, respectively or jointly-M ₁ kilogram working medium boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram refrigerant endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kg refrigerant depressurization process 34, M ₁ kg refrigerant heat absorption process 45, H kg refrigerant pressure boost process 1e, H kg refrigerant heat absorption process ec, M ₂ kg Working fluid pressure increase process c5, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 56, X kilogram working fluid depressurization process 69, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) Kilogram working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid Heat release process f9, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process 9c, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid pressure reduction process cd, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid release Thermal condensation process d1-the closed process of composition.

7. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the sixteen processes that are composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg working fluid separately or together-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 34, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 45 , H kg working fluid boost process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic process e8, M ₂ kg working fluid boost process 8a, M kg working fluid exothermic condensation process ab, (M ₂ -M) kg working fluid boost Process a5, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 56, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid depressurization process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid exothermic process 7f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing exothermic process f8, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 89, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process 91——composition The closing process.

8. The single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, and 17 processes carried out separately or jointly-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 34, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 45 , (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid depressurization process 57, H kg working fluid boosting process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic process e9, M ₂ kg working fluid boosting process 9a, M kg working fluid exothermic condensation Process ab, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid boosting process a6, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid depressurizing process 78, (M ₁ + M ₂ )Kg working fluid heat release process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ )Kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process f9, (M ₁ +H)Kg working fluid pressure reduction process 9c, (M ₁ + H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process c1-closed process of composition.

9. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluids composed of M ₁ kilogram, M ₂ kilogram and H kilogram, and 17 processes that are carried out separately or jointly-M ₁ kilogram working medium boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid depressurization process 34, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 47 , H kg working fluid boost process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic process e9, M ₂ kg working fluid boost process 9a, M kg working fluid exothermic condensation process ab, (M ₂ -M) kg working fluid boost Process a5, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 56, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 78, (M ₁ + M ₂ )Kg working fluid heat release process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ )Kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process f9, (M ₁ +H)Kg working fluid pressure reduction process 9c, (M ₁ + H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process c1-closed process of composition.

10. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid consisting of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, and 18 processes carried out separately or together-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 34, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 45 , (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid depressurization process 59, H kg working fluid boosting process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic process ec, M ₂ kg working fluid boosting process ca, M kg working fluid exothermic condensation Process ab, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid boost process a6, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 67, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 78, (M ₂ -M) ) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process fc, (M ₁ +H ) Kilogram working fluid depressurization process cd, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1-closed process of composition.

11. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluids composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, and 18 processes carried out separately or together-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 34, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 45 , (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid depressurization process 56, (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid heat release process 69, H kg working fluid boost process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic process ec, M ₂ kg Working fluid pressure increase process ca, M kg working fluid exothermic condensation process ab, (M ₂ -M) kg working fluid pressure increase process a7, (M ₂ -M) kg working fluid endothermic process 78, (M ₂ -M) ) Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing heat release process fc, (M ₁ +H ) Kilogram working fluid depressurization process cd, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1-closed process of composition.

12. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the nineteen processes that are composed of M ₁ kilogram, M ₂ kilogram and H kilogram, respectively or jointly-M ₁ kilogram working medium boost process 12, M ₁ Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 34, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 45 , H kilogram working fluid boost process 1e, H kilogram working fluid combined with endothermic process ec, M ₂ kilogram working fluid boost process ca, M kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process ab, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid rise Pressure process a5, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid endothermic process 56, X kg working fluid depressurization process 69, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid endothermic process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) Kilogram working fluid depressurization process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kilogram working fluid heat release process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing heat release process f9, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid and H kg working fluid mixing exothermic process 9c, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid depressurization process cd, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid exothermic condensation process d1——The closing process of composition.

Description of the drawings:

Figure 1/12 is an example diagram of the first principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Figure 2/12 is an example diagram of the second principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Figure 3/12 is an example diagram of the third principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Figure 4/12 is an example diagram of the fourth principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Figure 5/12 is an example diagram of the fifth principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Figure 6/12 is an example diagram of the sixth principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Figure 7/12 is an example diagram of the seventh principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Figure 8/12 is an example diagram of the eighth principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Figure 9/12 is an example diagram of the ninth principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Figure 10/12 is an example diagram of the tenth principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Figure 11/12 is an example diagram of the eleventh principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Figure 12/12 is an example diagram of the twelfth principle flow chart of the single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.

Detailed ways:

The first thing to note is that in the expression of the structure and process, it is not repeated unless necessary; the obvious process is not described. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.

The example of the single working fluid steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 1/12 is performed as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process 23, M ₁ kg of working fluid depressurization and expansion process 34, M ₁ kg of working fluid absorbs heat Heating process 45, H kg working fluid condensate boosting process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process e8, M ₂ kg working fluid boosting and heating process 85, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid Endothermic heating process 56, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 7f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid and H Kilogram working fluid mixed exothermic cooling process f8, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction expansion process 89, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process 91-a total of 13 processes.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process-the endothermic heat of the e8 process of the H kg working fluid is provided by the heat release of the (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid f8 process, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; the M ₁ kg working fluid is 23 Process and 45 process, as well as (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram of working fluid for 56 process, the required heat load is provided by an external heat source; or external heat source and (M ₁ + M ₂ ) kilogram of working fluid for the 7f process Heat (reheat) to provide.

② Heat release process-(M ₁ +M ₂ ) the heat release of the kilogram working fluid 7f process can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid is released in a mixed manner It is hotter than H kg of working fluid, and the temperature is lowered to 8 o'clock to complete the f8 exothermic process; (M ₁ +H) kg of working fluid carries out the heat release of 91 process, which is generally released to the low temperature heat source, and provided to the heat user in the case of combined heat and power supply.

③Energy conversion process-the boosting process 12 of M ₁ kg working fluid and the boosting process 1e of H kg working fluid are generally completed by a circulating pump, and the boosting process 85 of M ₂ kg working fluid is generally completed by a compressor; The pressure-reducing expansion process of M ₁ kilogram working fluid 34, the pressure-reducing expansion process of (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid 67, and the pressure-reducing expansion process of (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid 89 are generally performed by an expander The expansion work is greater than the boosting work consumption, the thermal conversion work is completed and the net cycle power is provided to the outside, forming a single working substance steam combined cycle.

The example of the single working fluid steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 2/12 is performed like this:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process 23, M ₁ kg of working fluid depressurization and expansion process 34, M ₁ kg of working fluid absorbs heat Heating process 45, M ₁ kg working fluid depressurizes through expansion range 57, H kg working fluid condensate boosting process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process e9, M ₂ kg working fluid boosting process 96, M ₂ kg working fluid endothermic heating process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid pressure reduction expansion process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) The mixing process of kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process f9, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid pressure-reducing expansion process 9c, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process c1——total 14 A process.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process——The endothermic heat of the e9 process of the H kg working fluid is provided by the heat release of the (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid f9 process, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; the M ₁ kg working fluid is 23 Process and 45 process, as well as M ₂ kilogram working fluid for 67 process, the required heat load is provided by external heat source; or external heat source and (M ₁ + M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid for 8f process heat release (regeneration) To provide.

② Heat release process-(M ₁ + M ₂ ) the heat release of the kilogram working fluid 8f process can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid is released in a mixed manner Heat higher than H kilogram of working fluid, cool to 9 o'clock, complete the f9 exothermic process; (M ₁ +H) kilogram of working fluid carries out the heat release of the c1 process, generally released to the low-temperature heat source, and provided to heat users in the case of combined heat and power supply.

③Energy conversion process-the boosting process 12 of M ₁ kg working fluid and the boosting process 1e of H kg working fluid are generally completed by a circulating pump, and the boosting process 96 of M ₂ kg working fluid is generally completed by a compressor; M ₁ kg expansion process of the working fluid 34 is down, M ₁ kg of working fluid down the expansion process _{57, (M 1 + M 2} ) kg of working fluid down the expansion process 78, and (M ₁ + H) kg The working fluid pressure-reducing expansion process 9c is generally completed by an expander; the expansion work is greater than the pressure boosting power consumption, completing the thermal conversion work and providing external circulation net power, forming a single working fluid steam combined cycle.

The example of the single working substance steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 3/12 is performed like this:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process 23, M ₁ kg of working fluid depressurization and expansion process 34, M ₁ kg of working fluid absorbs heat Heating process 47, H kg working fluid condensate boost process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process e9, M ₂ kg working fluid boosting process 95, M ₂ kg working fluid endothermic heating process 56 , M ₂ kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing exothermic cooling process f9, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction expansion process 9c, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process c1——14 in total process.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process——The endothermic heat of the e9 process of the H kg working fluid is provided by the heat release of the (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid f9 process, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; the M ₁ kg working fluid is 23 Process and 47 process, as well as M ₂ kg working fluid for 56 process, the required heat load is provided by external heat source; or external heat source and (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid for 8f process heat release (regeneration) To provide.

② Heat release process-(M ₁ + M ₂ ) the heat release of the kilogram working fluid 8f process can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid is released in a mixed manner Heat higher than H kilogram of working fluid, cool to 9 o'clock, complete the f9 exothermic process; (M ₁ +H) kilogram of working fluid carries out the heat release of the c1 process, generally released to the low-temperature heat source, and provided to heat users in the case of combined heat and power supply.

③Energy conversion process-the boosting process 12 of M ₁ kg working fluid and the boosting process 1e of H kg working fluid are generally completed by a circulating pump, and the boosting process 95 of M ₂ kg working fluid is generally completed by a compressor; The pressure-reducing expansion process of M ₁ kg working fluid 34, the pressure-reducing expansion process of M ₂ kg working fluid 67, the pressure-reducing expansion process of (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid 78, and (M ₁ +H) kg The working fluid pressure-reducing expansion process 9c is generally completed by an expander; the expansion work is greater than the pressure boosting power consumption, completing the thermal conversion work and providing external circulation net power, forming a single working fluid steam combined cycle.

The example of the single working fluid steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 4/12 is performed as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process 23, M ₁ kg of working fluid depressurization and expansion process 34, M ₁ kg of working fluid absorbs heat Heating process 45, M ₁ kg working fluid depressurization and expansion process 59, H kg working fluid condensate boosting process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process ec, M ₂ kg working fluid boosting and heating process c6 , M ₂ kg working fluid endothermic heating process 67, M ₂ kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 78, M ₂ kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing exothermic cooling process fc, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid depressurization expansion process cd, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1-A total of 15 processes.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process-the heat absorption of the H kg working fluid in the ec process is provided by the exothermic heat of the (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid fc process, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; M ₁ kg working fluid 23 Process and 45 process, as well as M ₂ kg working fluid for 67 process, the required heat load is provided by the external heat source; or 89 process and (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid are performed by the external heat source and M ₂ kg working fluid The combined heat release (regeneration) of the 9f process is provided.

②Exothermic process-M ₂ kg of working fluid for 89 process, and (M ₁ + M ₂ ) kg of working fluid for 9f process, which can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ + M ₂ ) kilogram of working fluid releases heat from H kilogram of working fluid in a mixed manner, and the temperature is reduced to point c to complete the fc exothermic process; (M ₁ +H) kilogram of working fluid undergoes the exothermic process of d1, which is generally released to the low temperature heat source, Provided to thermal users in the case of combined heat supply.

③Energy conversion process-the boosting process 12 of M ₁ kg working fluid and the boosting process 1e of H kg working fluid are generally completed by a circulating pump, and the boosting process c6 of M ₂ kg working fluid is generally completed by a compressor; M ₁ kg depressurisation of the working fluid 34 is, M ₁ kg of working fluid depressurisation 59, M ₂ kg depressurisation of the working fluid 78, and (M ₁ + H) kg refrigerant expansion process buck CD, It is generally completed by an expander; the expansion work is greater than the pressure boosting work, and the thermal transformation is completed and the net work is provided to the outside to form a single working substance steam combined cycle.

The example of a single working fluid steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 5/12 is performed as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process 23, M ₁ kg of working fluid depressurization and expansion process 34, M ₁ kg of working fluid absorbs heat Heating process 45, M ₁ kg working fluid depressurization and expansion process 56, M ₁ kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 69, H kg working fluid condensate boosting process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process ec , M ₂ kg working fluid boosting and heating process c7, M ₂ kg working fluid endothermic heating process 78, M ₂ kg working fluid depressurizing expansion process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing exothermic cooling process fc, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid depressurization expansion process cd, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1-A total of 15 processes.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process-the heat absorption of the H kg working fluid in the ec process is provided by the exothermic heat of the (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid fc process, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; M ₁ kg working fluid 23 Process and 45 process, as well as M ₂ kg working fluid for 56 process, the required heat load is provided by external heat source; or 69 process and (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid are performed by external heat source and M ₁ kg working fluid The combined heat release (regeneration) of the 9f process is provided.

②Exothermic process-M ₁ kilogram of working fluid carries out 69 process, and (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram of working fluid 9f process exothermic, which can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ + M ₂ ) kilogram of working fluid releases heat from H kilogram of working fluid in a mixed manner, and the temperature is reduced to point c to complete the fc exothermic process; (M ₁ +H) kilogram of working fluid undergoes the exothermic process of d1, which is generally released to the low temperature heat source, Provided to thermal users in the case of combined heat supply.

③Energy conversion process-the boosting process 12 of M ₁ kg working fluid and the boosting process 1e of H kg working fluid are generally completed by a circulating pump, and the boosting process c7 of M ₂ kg working fluid is generally completed by a compressor; M ₁ kg expansion process of the working fluid 34 is down, M ₁ kg of working fluid down the expansion process 56, the step-down the expansion process of the working medium M ₂ 89 kg, and (M ₁ + H) kg refrigerant expansion buck The process cd is generally completed by an expander; the expansion work is greater than the pressure boosting work, and the thermal conversion work is completed and the net work is provided to the outside to form a single working substance steam combined cycle.

The example of the single working fluid steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 6/12 is performed like this:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process 23, M ₁ kg of working fluid depressurization and expansion process 34, M ₁ kg of working fluid absorbs heat Heating process 45, H kg working fluid condensate boosting process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process ec, M ₂ kg working fluid boosting and heating process c5, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid Endothermic heating process 56, X kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 69, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid exothermic cooling process f9, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing exothermic cooling process 9c, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid pressure-reducing expansion process cd, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1-total 16 process.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process-the heat absorption of the ec process of the H kg working fluid is provided by the heat release of the (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid f9 process and the (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid 9c process, Or an external heat source is provided at the same time; M ₁ kg of working fluid for 23 processes and 45 processes, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg of working fluid for 56 processes, and (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg for 67 processes. The heat load is provided by the external heat source; or by the external heat source and (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kilogram of working fluid for the 8f process of heat release (regeneration) to provide.

②The heat release process-(M ₁ +M ₂ -X) the heat release of the kilogram working fluid 8f process, which can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kilogram working fluid The heat is released to H kg of working fluid in a mixed manner, and the temperature is reduced to 9 points to complete the f9 exothermic process; (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg of working fluid is released to H kg of working fluid in a mixed manner, and the temperature is reduced to point c to complete 9c Heat release process: (M ₁ +H) kilograms of working fluid carry out the heat release of the d1 process, which is generally released to the low-temperature heat source, and provided to the heat user when the heat is combined.

③Energy conversion process-the boosting process 12 of M ₁ kg working fluid and the boosting process 1e of H kg working fluid are generally completed by a circulating pump, and the boosting process c5 of M ₂ kg working fluid is generally completed by a compressor; The pressure-reducing expansion process of M ₁ kg working fluid 34, the pressure-reducing expansion process of X kilogram working fluid 69, the pressure-reducing expansion process of (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid 78, and (M ₁ +H) The pressure-reducing expansion process cd of the kilogram working fluid is generally completed by the expander; the expansion work is greater than the pressure boosting power consumption, and the thermal conversion work is completed and the net work is provided to the outside to form a single working fluid steam combined cycle.

The example of the single working substance steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 7/12 is performed as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process b3, (M ₁ +M)Kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 34, (M ₁ +M)Kg working fluid endothermic heating process 45, H kg working fluid condensate pressure boosting process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process e8, M ₂ kg working fluid pressure rising process 8a, M kg working fluid and M ₁ kg working fluid mixed exothermic condensation process ab, (M ₂ -M) kg working fluid pressure rising process a5, (M ₁ + M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic heating process 56, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid pressure-reducing expansion process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 7f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing exothermic cooling process f8, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid pressure-reducing expansion process 89, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process 91-total 16 process.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process-the endothermic heat of the e8 process of the H kg working fluid is provided by the exothermic heat of the (M ₁ + M ₂ ) kg working fluid f8 process, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; M ₁ kg working fluid is used for 2b The heat absorption of the process comes from the mixed exothermic heat of M kg of superheated steam, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid for b3 process, 45 process and (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg of working fluid for 56 The heat load required by the process is provided by an external heat source, or by the exothermic heat (regeneration) of the 7f process performed by an external heat source and (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg of working fluid.

② Heat release process-(M ₁ +M ₂ ) the heat release of the kilogram working fluid 7f process can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid is released in a mixed manner It is hotter than H kg of working fluid, and the temperature is lowered to 8 o'clock to complete the f8 exothermic process; (M ₁ +H) kg of working fluid carries out the heat release of 91 process, which is generally released to the low temperature heat source, and provided to the heat user in the case of combined heat and power supply.

③Energy conversion process-the boosting process of M ₁ kg of working fluid 12 and the boosting process of H kg of working fluid 1e are generally completed by a circulating pump, and the boosting process of M ₂ kg of working fluid 8a and (M ₂ -M) The pressure increase process a5 of the kilogram working fluid is generally completed by the compressor; (M ₁ +M) the pressure reduction expansion process of the kilogram working fluid 34, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) the pressure reduction expansion process of the kilogram working fluid 67, and (M ₁ +H) The pressure-reducing expansion process of the kilogram working fluid 89 is generally completed by an expander; the expansion work is greater than the pressure boosting power consumption, and the thermal conversion work is completed and the net work is provided externally to form a single working fluid steam combined cycle.

The example of a single working fluid steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 8/12 is performed as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process b3, (M ₁ +M)Kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 34, (M ₁ +M)Kg working fluid endothermic heating process 45, (M ₁ +M)Kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 57, H kg working fluid condensate boost Process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process e9, M ₂ kg working fluid boosting and heating process 9a, M kg working fluid and M ₁ kg working fluid mixed exothermic condensation process ab, (M _2- M) Kilogram working fluid pressure increasing process a6, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid endothermic heating process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid pressure reducing expansion process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram Working fluid exothermic cooling process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid exothermic cooling process f9, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid pressure reduction and expansion process 9c, (M ₁ +H ) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process c1-a total of 17 processes.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process——The endothermic heat of the e9 process of the H kg of working fluid is provided by the exothermic heat of the (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg of working fluid f9 process, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; M ₁ kg of the working fluid is used for 2b The heat absorption of the process comes from the mixed exothermic heat of M kg of superheated steam, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid for b3 process, 45 process and (M ₂ -M) kg of working fluid for 67 process The required heat load is provided by an external heat source, or by an external heat source and (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilograms of working fluid for 8f process heat release (regeneration).

② Heat release process-(M ₁ + M ₂ ) the heat release of the kilogram working fluid 8f process can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid is released in a mixed manner Heat higher than H kilogram of working fluid, cool to 9 o'clock, complete the f9 exothermic process; (M ₁ +H) kilogram of working fluid carries out the heat release of the c1 process, generally released to the low-temperature heat source, and provided to heat users in the case of combined heat and power supply.

③Energy conversion process-M ₁ kg of working fluid boosting process 12 and H kg of working fluid boosting process 1e are generally completed by a circulating pump, M ₂ kg of working fluid boosting process 9a and (M ₂ -M) The pressure increase process a6 of the kilogram working fluid is generally completed by the compressor; (M ₁ +M) the pressure reduction expansion process of the kilogram working fluid 34, (M ₁ +M) the pressure reduction expansion process of the kilogram working fluid 57, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) the pressure-reducing expansion process 78 of the kilogram working fluid, and the pressure-reducing expansion process of the (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid 9c, which are generally completed by the expander; the expansion work is greater than the pressure boosting work, and the thermal transformation is completed It also provides external circulating net power to form a single working fluid steam combined cycle.

The example of a single working fluid steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 9/12 is performed as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process b3, (M ₁ +M) Pressure reduction and expansion process of kilogram working fluid 34, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic heating process 47, H kilogram working fluid condensate pressure rise process 1e, H kilogram working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process e9, M ₂ kg working fluid pressure rising process 9a, M kg working fluid and M ₁ kg working fluid mixed exothermic condensation process ab, (M ₂ -M) kg working fluid pressure rising process a5, (M _2- M) Kilogram working fluid endothermic heating process 56, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid depressurization expansion process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid depressurization expansion process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg Working fluid exothermic cooling process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid exothermic cooling process f9, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid pressure reduction expansion process 9c, (M ₁ +H ) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process c1-a total of 17 processes.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process——The endothermic heat of the e9 process of the H kg of working fluid is provided by the exothermic heat of the (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg of working fluid f9 process, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; M ₁ kg of the working fluid is used for 2b The heat absorption of the process comes from the mixed exothermic heat of M kg of superheated steam, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid is used for b3 process, 47 process and (M ₂ -M) kg of working fluid is used for 56 process The required heat load is provided by an external heat source, or by an external heat source and (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilograms of working fluid for 8f process heat release (regeneration).

② Heat release process-(M ₁ + M ₂ ) the heat release of the kilogram working fluid 8f process can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid is released in a mixed manner Heat higher than H kilogram of working fluid, cool to 9 o'clock, complete the f9 exothermic process; (M ₁ +H) kilogram of working fluid carries out the heat release of the c1 process, generally released to the low-temperature heat source, and provided to heat users in the case of combined heat and power supply.

③Energy conversion process-M ₁ kg of working fluid boosting process 12 and H kg of working fluid boosting process 1e are generally completed by a circulating pump, M ₂ kg of working fluid boosting process 9a and (M ₂ -M) The pressure increase process a5 of the kilogram working fluid is generally completed by the compressor; (M ₁ +M) the pressure reduction expansion process of the kilogram working fluid 34, (M ₂ -M) the pressure reduction expansion process of the kilogram working fluid 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) the pressure-reducing expansion process 78 of the kilogram working fluid, and the pressure-reducing expansion process of the (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid 9c, which are generally completed by the expander; the expansion work is greater than the pressure boosting work, and the thermal transformation is completed It also provides external circulating net power to form a single working fluid steam combined cycle.

The example of the single working fluid steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 10/12 is performed as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process b3, (M ₁ +M)Kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 34, (M ₁ +M)Kg working fluid endothermic heating process 45, (M ₁ +M)Kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 59, H kg working fluid condensate boost Process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process ec, M ₂ kg working fluid boosting and heating process ca, M kg working fluid and M ₁ kg working fluid mixed exothermic condensation process ab, (M _2- M) Kilogram working fluid pressure increasing process a6, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid endothermic heating process 67, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid pressure reducing expansion process 78, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid Exothermic cooling process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid and H kg working fluid mixed exothermic cooling process fc, (M ₁ +H) The pressure reduction and expansion process of kilogram working fluid cd, (M ₁ +H) the exothermic condensation process of kilogram working fluid d1-a total of 18 processes.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process-the heat absorption of H kg of working fluid in the ec process is provided by the exothermic heat of (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg of working fluid fc process, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; M ₁ kg of working fluid is used for 2b The heat absorption of the process comes from the mixed exothermic heat of M kg of superheated steam, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid for b3 process, 45 process and (M ₂ -M) kg of working fluid for 67 process The required heat load is provided by an external heat source, or the combined heat release (regeneration) of the 89 process performed by the external heat source and (M ₂ -M) kg of working fluid and the 9f process of (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg of working fluid (regeneration) To provide.

② Heat release process-(M ₂ -M) kilogram of working fluid for 89 process and (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram of working fluid for 9f process can provide external or other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram of working fluid releases heat from H kilogram of working fluid in a mixed manner, and the temperature is reduced to point c to complete the fc exothermic process; (M ₁ +H) kilogram of working fluid carries out the heat release of d1 process, generally to The low-temperature heat source is released, and it is provided to the heat user when the heat and power supply are combined.

③Energy conversion process-M ₁ kg of working fluid boosting process 12 and H kg of working fluid boosting process 1e are generally completed by a circulating pump, M ₂ kg of working fluid boosting process ca and (M ₂ -M) The pressure increase process a6 of the kilogram working fluid is generally completed by the compressor; (M ₁ +M) the pressure-reducing expansion process of the kilogram working fluid 34, (M ₁ +M) the pressure-reducing expansion process of the kilogram working fluid 59, (M ₂ -M) The pressure reduction process 78 of the kilogram working fluid, and the pressure reduction and expansion process cd of the (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid cd, which are generally completed by the expander; the expansion work is greater than the pressure boost work, and the thermal transformation work is completed. Provide net power to the outside to form a single working substance steam combined cycle.

The example of the single working fluid steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 11/12 is performed like this:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process b3, (M ₁ +M) Pressure-reducing expansion process of kilogram working fluid 34, (M ₁ +M) heat-absorbing and heating-up process of kilogram working fluid 45, (M ₁ +M) pressure-reducing expansion process of kilogram working fluid 56, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid Heat release and cooling process 69, H kg refrigerant condensate pressure boost process 1e, H kg refrigerant heat absorption, vaporization and overheating process ec, M ₂ kg refrigerant pressure boost process ca, M kg refrigerant and M ₁ The mixing exothermic condensation process of kilogram working fluid ab, (M ₂ -M) pressure rise and heating process of kilogram working fluid a7, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid endothermic and heating process 78, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid Pressure-reducing expansion process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid and H kg working fluid mixing exothermic cooling process fc, (M ₁ +H) The pressure reduction and expansion process of kilogram working fluid cd, (M ₁ +H) the exothermic condensation process of kilogram working fluid d1-a total of 18 processes.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process-the heat absorption of H kg of working fluid in the ec process is provided by the exothermic heat of (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg of working fluid fc process, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; M ₁ kg of working fluid is used for 2b The heat absorption of the process comes from the mixed exothermic heat of M kg of superheated steam, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid for b3 process, 45 process and (M ₂ -M) kg of working fluid for 78 process The required heat load is provided by an external heat source, or the combined heat release (regeneration) of the 69 process performed by the external heat source and (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid and the 9f process performed by (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid (regeneration) To provide.

② Heat release process-(M ₁ + M) kilogram of working fluid for 69 process and (M ₁ + M ₂ ) kilogram of working fluid for 9f process can provide external or other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram of working fluid releases heat from H kilogram of working fluid in a mixed manner, and the temperature is reduced to point c to complete the fc exothermic process; (M ₁ +H) kilogram of working fluid carries out the heat release of d1 process, generally to The low-temperature heat source is released, and it is provided to the heat user when the heat and power supply are combined.

③Energy conversion process-M ₁ kg of working fluid boosting process 12 and H kg of working fluid boosting process 1e are generally completed by a circulating pump, M ₂ kg of working fluid boosting process ca and (M ₂ -M) The pressure increase process a7 of the kilogram working fluid is generally completed by the compressor; (M ₁ +M) the pressure reduction and expansion process of the kilogram working fluid 34, (M ₁ +M) the pressure reduction process of the kilogram working fluid 56, (M _2- M) The pressure reduction process of the kilogram working fluid 89, and the (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid pressure-reducing expansion process cd, which are generally completed by the expander; the expansion work is greater than the pressure boosting work, and the thermal conversion work is completed and external Provide cycle net power to form a single working substance steam combined cycle.

The example of the single working fluid steam combined cycle in the T-s diagram shown in Figure 12/12 is performed like this:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle process:

Working medium: M ₁ kg of working fluid condensate boost process 12, M ₁ kg of working fluid endothermic heating process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process b3, (M ₁ +M)Kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 34, (M ₁ +M)Kg working fluid endothermic heating process 45, H kg working fluid condensate pressure boosting process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic heating, vaporization and overheating process ec, M ₂ kg working fluid pressure rising process ca, M kg working fluid and M ₁ kg working fluid mixed exothermic condensation process ab, (M ₂ -M) kg working fluid pressure rising process a5, (M ₁ + M ₂ )Kg working fluid endothermic heating process 56, X kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 69, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg Pressure-reducing expansion process of working fluid 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid exothermic cooling process f9, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing exothermic cooling process 9c, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid pressure-reducing expansion process cd, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1-total 18 process.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion:

① Endothermic process-the heat absorption of the ec process of the H kg working fluid is provided by the heat release of the (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid f9 process and the (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid 9c process, Or an external heat source is provided at the same time; the heat absorption of M ₁ kg of working fluid for the 2b process comes from the mixed exothermic heat of M kg of superheated steam, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; (M ₁ +M) kg of working fluid is used for the b3 process and 45 process, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid for 56 process, and (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg for 67 process, the required heat load is provided by an external heat source, or by an external heat source and (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) Kilogram of working fluid is provided by the exothermic (regeneration) of 8f process

②The heat release process-(M ₁ +M ₂ -X) the heat release of the kilogram working fluid 8f process, which can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kilogram working fluid The heat is released to H kg of working fluid in a mixed manner, and the temperature is reduced to 9 points to complete the f9 exothermic process; (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg of working fluid is released to H kg of working fluid in a mixed manner, and the temperature is reduced to point c to complete 9c Heat release process: (M ₁ +H) kilograms of working fluid carry out the heat release of the d1 process, which is generally released to the low-temperature heat source, and provided to the heat user when the heat is combined.

③Energy conversion process-M ₁ kg of working fluid boosting process 12 and H kg of working fluid boosting process 1e are generally completed by a circulating pump, M ₂ kg of working fluid boosting process ca and (M ₂ -M) The pressure increase process a5 of the kilogram working fluid is generally completed by the compressor; (M ₁ +M) the pressure reduction and expansion process of the kilogram working fluid 34, the pressure reduction process of the X kilogram working fluid 69, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) The pressure reduction process 78 of the kilogram working fluid, and the pressure reduction expansion process cd of the (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid cd, are generally completed by the expander; the expansion work is greater than the pressure boosting work, and the thermal conversion work is completed and the external circulation is provided Net work, forming a single working substance steam combined cycle.

The effects that can be achieved by the technology of the present invention-the single working substance steam combined cycle proposed by the present invention has the following effects and advantages:

(1) Create a basic theory of thermal energy (temperature difference) utilization.

(2) The heat load of the phase change heat absorption process is greatly reduced, and the heat absorption load of the high temperature section is relatively increased, and the thermal efficiency is high.

(3) The method is simple, the process is reasonable, and the applicability is good. It is a common technology to realize the effective use of temperature difference.

(4) A single working fluid is conducive to production and storage; reduces operating costs and improves the flexibility of cycle adjustment

(5) Process sharing, improving thermal efficiency, and providing a theoretical basis for reducing equipment investment.

(6) In the stage of high temperature zone or variable temperature zone, the circulating medium and the heat source medium are the same gas, and the absorbing link of the circulating working fluid from the heat source is beneficial to reduce temperature difference heat transfer loss and improve thermal efficiency.

(7) The low-pressure and high-temperature operation mode is adopted in the high-temperature zone to solve the difficult to reconcile contradictions between thermal efficiency, circulating medium parameters and pipe pressure and temperature resistance in traditional steam power plants.

(8) Under the premise of achieving high thermal efficiency, low-pressure operation can be selected to provide theoretical support for improving the safety of device operation.

(9) The working fluid has a wide application range, can well adapt to the energy supply demand, and the working fluid and working parameters can be matched flexibly.

(10) The thermodynamic cycle range for realizing the utilization of temperature difference is expanded, which is beneficial to better realize the high-efficiency power utilization of high-temperature heat source and variable-temperature heat source.

Claims (12)

1. The single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluids composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, which are carried out separately or jointly in thirteen processes-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ kg working fluid Endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kg working fluid depressurization process 34, M ₁ kg working fluid endothermic process 45, H kg working fluid boosting process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic process e8, M ₂ kg working fluid Pressure increase process 85, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid endothermic process 56, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid pressure reduction process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid heat release process 7f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid mixed with H kilogram working fluid exothermic process f8, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 89, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process 91— -The closing process of the composition.
2. Single working substance steam combined cycle refers to the working medium composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, and 14 processes carried out separately or jointly-M ₁ kg working medium boost process 12, M ₁ kg working medium Endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kg refrigerant depressurization process 34, M ₁ kg refrigerant endothermic process 45, M ₁ kg refrigerant depressurization process 57, H kg refrigerant boost process 1e, H kg refrigerant Endothermic process e9, M ₂ kg working fluid boost process 96, M ₂ kg working fluid endothermic process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid depressurization process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid Heat release process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process f9, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid pressure reduction process 9c, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid release Thermal condensation process c1-closed process of composition.
3. Single working substance steam combined cycle refers to the working medium composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, and 14 processes carried out separately or jointly-M ₁ kg working medium boost process 12, M ₁ kg working medium Endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kg working fluid depressurization process 34, M ₁ kg working fluid endothermic process 47, H kg working fluid boosting process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic process e9, M ₂ kg working fluid Pressure increase process 95, M ₂ kg working fluid endothermic process 56, M ₂ kg working fluid pressure reduction process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid pressure reduction process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid Heat release process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid exothermic process f9, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid pressure reduction process 9c, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid release Thermal condensation process _c 1——composition closed process.
4. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluids composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, which are carried out separately or jointly in fifteen processes-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ kg working fluid Endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kg refrigerant depressurization process 34, M ₁ kg refrigerant endothermic process 45, M ₁ kg refrigerant depressurization process 59, H kg boost process 1e, H kg refrigerant endothermic Process ec, M ₂ kg working fluid boost process c6, M ₂ kg working fluid endothermic process 67, M ₂ kg working fluid depressurization process 78, M ₂ kg working fluid exothermic process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process fc, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid pressure reduction process cd, (M ₁ +H) kg Working fluid exothermic condensation process d1-the closed process of composition.
5. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluids composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, which are carried out separately or jointly in fifteen processes-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ kg working fluid Endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kg working fluid depressurization process 34, M ₁ kg working fluid endothermic process 45, M ₁ kg working fluid depressurization process 56, M ₁ kg working fluid exothermic process 69, H kg working fluid Mass pressure increase process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic process ec, M ₂ kg working fluid pressure increase process c7, M ₂ kg working fluid heat absorption process 78, M ₂ kg working fluid pressure reduction process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process fc, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process cd, (M ₁ +H ) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1——composition closed process.
6. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid composed of M ₁ kilogram, M ₂ kilogram and H kilogram, 16 processes carried out separately or jointly-M ₁ kilogram working medium boost process 12, M ₁ kilogram working medium Endothermic vaporization process 23, M ₁ kg refrigerant depressurization process 34, M ₁ kg refrigerant endothermic process 45, H kg refrigerant boost process 1e, H kg refrigerant endothermic process ec, M ₂ kg refrigerant Pressure increasing process c5, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid endothermic process 56, X kg working fluid depressurizing process 69, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid endothermic process 67, (M ₁ + M ₂ -X) Kilogram working fluid depressurization process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) Kilogram working fluid exothermic process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixed and exothermic Process f9, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid and H kg working fluid mixing exothermic process 9c, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid depressurization process _c d, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid heat release Condensation process d1-the closed process of composition.
7. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid composed of M ₁ kilogram, M ₂ kilogram and H kilogram, 16 processes carried out separately or jointly-M ₁ kilogram working medium boost process 12, M ₁ kilogram working medium Endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid depressurization process 34, (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid endothermic process 45, H Kilogram working fluid boost process 1e, H kilogram working fluid endothermic process e8, M ₂ kilogram working fluid boost process 8a, M kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process ab, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid boost process a5 , (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid endothermic process 56, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid pressure reduction process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid exothermic process 7f, (M ₁ + M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing exothermic process f8, (M ₁ +H) kg working fluid depressurization process 89, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process 91-composition closure process.
8. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, and 17 processes that are carried out separately or jointly-M ₁ kg working fluid boosting process 12, M ₁ kg working fluid Endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid depressurization process 34, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 45, ( M ₁ +M) Kg working fluid depressurization process 57, H Kg working fluid boosting process 1e, H Kg working fluid endothermic process e9, M ₂ Kg working fluid boosting process 9a, M Kg working fluid exothermic condensation process ab , (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid boost process a6, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process f9, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 9c, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process c1-closed process of composition.
9. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg, and 17 processes that are carried out separately or jointly-M ₁ kg working fluid boosting process 12, M ₁ kg working fluid Endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid depressurization process 34, (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid endothermic process 47, H Kilogram working fluid boost process 1e, H kg working fluid endothermic process e9, M ₂ kg working fluid boosting process 9a, M kg working fluid exothermic condensation process ab, (M ₂ -M) kg working fluid boosting process a5 , (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 56, (M ₂ -M) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 67, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid mixed with H kg working fluid heat release process f9, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 9c, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process c1-closed process of composition.
10. The single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluids composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg. Eighteen processes are carried out separately or jointly-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ kg working fluid Endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid depressurization process 34, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 45, ( M ₁ +M) the pressure reduction process of kilogram working fluid 59, the pressure increase process of H kilogram working fluid 1e, the heat absorption process of H kilogram working fluid ec, the pressure rise process of ₂ kilogram working fluid ca, the exothermic condensation process of M kilogram working fluid ab , (M ₂ -M) kg of working fluid boost process a6, (M ₂ -M) kg of working fluid heat absorption process 67, (M ₂ -M) kilogram of working fluid pressure reduction process 78, (M ₂ -M) kg Working fluid heat release process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid heat release process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid and H kg working fluid mixing heat release process fc, (M ₁ +H) kg Working fluid pressure reduction process cd, (M ₁ +H) kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1-a closed process of composition.
11. The single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluids composed of M ₁ kg, M ₂ kg and H kg. Eighteen processes are carried out separately or jointly-M ₁ kg working fluid boost process 12, M ₁ kg working fluid Endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid depressurization process 34, (M ₁ +M) kilogram working fluid endothermic process 45, ( M ₁ +M) kg working fluid depressurization process 56, (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid heat release process 69, H kg working fluid boosting process 1 _e , H kg working fluid endothermic process ec, M ₂ kg working fluid Mass pressure increase process ca, M kg working fluid exothermic condensation process _a b, (M ₂ -M) kg working fluid pressure increase process a7, (M ₂ -M) kg working fluid endothermic process 78, (M ₂ -M) ) Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 89, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 9f, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing heat release process fc, (M ₁ +H ) Kilogram working fluid depressurization process cd, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1-closed process of composition.
12. Single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid composed of M ₁ kilogram, M ₂ kilogram and H kilogram, nineteen processes that are carried out separately or jointly-M ₁ kilogram working medium boost process 12, M ₁ kilogram working medium Endothermic process 2b, (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process b3, (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid depressurization process 34, (M ₁ +M) kg working fluid endothermic process 45, H Kilogram working fluid boost process 1e, H kg working fluid combined with endothermic process ec, M ₂ kg working fluid boost process ca, M kg working fluid exothermic condensation process ab, (M ₂ -M) kg working fluid boost process a5, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) kg working fluid endothermic process 56, X kg working fluid depressurization process 69, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kg working fluid endothermic process 67, (M ₁ +M _2- X) Pressure reduction process of kilogram working fluid 78, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kilogram working fluid exothermic process 8f, (M ₁ +M ₂ -X) kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing exothermic process f9, (M ₁ +M ₂ ) Kilogram working fluid and H kilogram working fluid mixing exothermic process 9c, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process cd, (M ₁ +H) Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process d1— -The closing process of composition.

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