CN115478222B - Nonmagnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance and smelting method thereof - Google Patents

Nonmagnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance and smelting method thereof Download PDF

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CN115478222B
CN115478222B CN202211174863.1A CN202211174863A CN115478222B CN 115478222 B CN115478222 B CN 115478222B CN 202211174863 A CN202211174863 A CN 202211174863A CN 115478222 B CN115478222 B CN 115478222B
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oxygen
furnace
argon
equal
alloying
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CN115478222A (en
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王怡群
雷冲
李占华
高全德
李玉标
王文洋
郑安雄
周鹏
马姣
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Henan Zhongyuan Special Steel Equipment Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0075—Treating in a ladle furnace, e.g. up-/reheating of molten steel within the ladle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/068—Decarburising
    • C21C7/0685—Decarburising of stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

The invention relates to a non-magnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance and a smelting method thereof, which adopts an arc furnace or a converter to smelt primary molten steel; melting the alloy by an alloy melting furnace; oxygen is blown and decarbonized through an argon-oxygen furnace until the carbon is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and then manganese alloying is carried out by adopting electrolytic manganese metal; removing hydrogen in the molten steel through argon stirring; deoxidizing and desulfurizing by making reducing slag after slag skimming; nitrogen alloying is carried out by nitrogen adding; refining and calcium treatment are carried out by a ladle furnace to further improve the purity of molten steel; the invention can solve the problem that the corrosion resistance of the nonmagnetic stainless steel is affected by poor purity and coarse grains, and can produce the nonmagnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance in batches.

Description

Nonmagnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance and smelting method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and particularly relates to nonmagnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance and a smelting method thereof.
Background
The nonmagnetic stainless steel is widely applied to petroleum and natural gas exploration and exploitation due to the excellent corrosion resistance, good impact toughness and low magnetism, and the nonmagnetic property of the material is utilized to avoid the interference of a geological magnetic field on an exploration instrument and the remote sensing orientation of a drill bit under the ground; drilling operation is carried out in high-sulfur and high-chlorine geology with serious corrosion of underground corrosive medium by utilizing the high comprehensive performance and high corrosion resistance of the material.
In order to reduce the cost, and ensure the austenitic structure and high strength of the material, nickel-saving high-manganese high-nitrogen steel is generally selected, but the high manganese content easily causes coarse grains of the material, and simultaneously, alloying of a large amount of manganese causes higher MnO inclusions in the steel, so that the purity of the material is poor, and the coarse grains and the poor purity influence the corrosion resistance of the material, thereby causing material failure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide nonmagnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance and a smelting method thereof, wherein an electric arc furnace or a converter is adopted to smelt primary molten steel; melting the alloy by an alloy melting furnace; oxygen is blown and decarbonized through an argon-oxygen furnace until the carbon is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and then manganese alloying is carried out by adopting electrolytic manganese metal; removing hydrogen in the molten steel through argon stirring; deoxidizing and desulfurizing by making reducing slag after slag skimming; nitrogen alloying is carried out by nitrogen adding; refining and calcium treatment are carried out by a ladle furnace to further improve the purity of molten steel; the purity of molten steel is further improved and nonmagnetic stainless steel grains are refined through rare earth cerium microalloying. The invention can solve the problem that the non-magnetic stainless steel has poor purity and coarse grains and influences corrosion resistance, and can produce the non-magnetic stainless steel with good purity and corrosion resistance in batches.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the nonmagnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance is characterized by comprising the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: c=0.01 to 0.06%, si=0.10 to 0.60%, mn=18.00 to 20.00%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, ni=3.00 to 4.50%, cr=18.00 to 21.00%, mo=1.50 to 2.50%, cu=0.15 to 0.50%, nb=0.02 to 0.10%, n=0.50 to 0.70%, ce=0.002 to 0.010%, al=0.005 to 0.020%, and the balance Fe and other unavoidable impurity elements;
the smelting method of the nonmagnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1), primary smelting is carried out by an electric arc furnace or a converter, and the phosphorus content of primary steelmaking water is reduced to below 0.005%;
step 2), melting 200-300kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome, 25-35kg/t of nickel plate and 20-30kg/t of ferromolybdenum through an alloy melting furnace so as to improve alloy yield and speed up production efficiency, and adding the melted alloy and primary steelmaking water obtained in the step 1) into an argon-oxygen furnace for smelting;
step 3), decarburizing through an argon-oxygen furnace in three stages, starting an oxygen gun and a wind gun for oxygen blowing decarburization according to an oxygen-nitrogen ratio of 5:1 in a first stage of decarburization, and adding 30-50kg/t of lime and 80-100kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome in the oxygen blowing decarburization period to control the temperature to be less than or equal to 1700 ℃ in order to avoid erosion of a furnace lining due to overhigh temperature in the decarburization period; when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.45%, the decarburization secondary stage is carried out, the oxygen lance smelting is stopped, only the air lance smelting is started, and the oxygen-nitrogen ratio is controlled to be 1:1-1:4 so as to control the temperature to be less than or equal to 1720 ℃; when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.10%, entering a decarburization three-stage, controlling the oxygen-nitrogen ratio to be 1:5, blowing oxygen for decarburization, and when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.015%, reducing chromium and alloying manganese;
step 4), chromium reduction and manganese alloying are carried out in an argon-oxygen furnace, 20-25kg/t of ferrosilicon is added into the furnace for reduction when the carbon content in steel is less than or equal to 0.015%, 2-3 batches of electrolytic manganese metal are added for manganese alloying, the addition amount of the electrolytic manganese metal is calculated according to 200-240kg/t, and the yield is considered according to 92% by weight;
step 5), carrying out temperature compensation on the argon-oxygen furnace, wherein the temperature of molten steel of the argon-oxygen furnace is greatly reduced due to the alloying of manganese, adding ferrosilicon or aluminum blocks for oxygen blowing and heating, calculating according to the temperature quantity reduced by the alloying of manganese, taking the oxygen blowing and heating into consideration according to the increase of 450-550 ℃, and calculating according to the specific dosage of 3.88 kg ferrosilicon or 2.87 kg aluminum blocks for heating 100 ℃ per ton of molten steel;
step 6), after manganese alloying, switching stirring gas into argon, and carrying out strong stirring for more than 1 minute according to the flow of 60m < 3 >/min so as to remove hydrogen brought by electrolytic manganese metal;
step 7), after manganese alloying, oxygen blowing and heating and argon stirring and dehydrogenation, the slag is partial oxidizing and low in alkalinity, which is not beneficial to the purity of molten steel, slag is required to be scraped off, 10-20kg/t of lime, 2-5kg/t of fluorite and 2-3kg/t of aluminum block are added again for deoxidization and desulfurization, and the purity of molten steel is improved;
step 8), nitrogen alloying is carried out by adopting nitrogen blowing, the nitrogen flow is not lower than 40m < 3 >/h, the nitrogen content is blown to be more than 0.50%, temperature measurement and sampling are carried out, and after the temperature and the components are qualified, AOD tapping is transferred into a ladle refining furnace for refining;
step 9), after the refining ladle is in place, adding 3-5kg/t lime and 2-3kg/t fluorite powder to adjust slag, adding 1-3kg/t calcium silicate powder into more than 3 batches to carry out diffusion deoxidation on the slag, controlling [ S ] to be less than or equal to 0.003%, feeding 3-5m/t calcium silicate wire, carrying out weak stirring on molten steel at a nitrogen flow rate of 30-50NL/min for 8 minutes, then adjusting the nitrogen flow rate to 100NL/min to expose the molten steel, adding rare earth cerium wrapped by iron sheet at the exposed position, calculating the addition amount according to 30% of the yield, and then continuing to carry out weak stirring on the molten steel for more than 10 minutes according to the nitrogen flow rate of 30-50L/min, and carrying out pouring by hanging ladle at a temperature of 1470-1490 ℃.
Preferably, in order to ensure the intergranular corrosion capability of the non-magnetic stainless steel, the carbon content is required to be controlled to be less than or equal to 0.03 percent, and in order to achieve the control aim, the ferrosilicon for reduction in the argon-oxygen furnace in the step 4) is required to be less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the electrolytic manganese metal is required to be less than or equal to 0.03 percent.
Preferably, the rare earth cerium used in the step 9) is required to have a cerium content of more than or equal to 65%.
The method of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides nonmagnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance and a smelting method thereof, wherein the smelting period of an argon oxygen furnace and corrosion resistance are shortened by melting alloy in the alloy melting furnace; the decarburization is reasonably distributed through three stages of the argon-oxygen furnace, so that the phenomena of lining erosion and oxidation of the oxide powder caused by large temperature gradient of the argon-oxygen furnace can be avoided; electrolytic manganese metal and temperature compensation are reasonably added in batches, so that on one hand, lining erosion caused by large temperature gradient of an argon-oxygen furnace is avoided, on the other hand, the yield of manganese is improved, and a large amount of manganese is prevented from oxidizing into MnO to pollute molten steel; reducing the partial pressure of hydrogen through strong stirring of argon, and carrying out dehydrogenation treatment in an argon-oxygen furnace to reduce the influence of hydrogen brought into molten steel by electrolytic manganese on purity; the purity of the molten steel is improved by further deoxidizing and desulfurizing through secondary slagging of an argon-oxygen furnace; refining and calcium treatment are carried out by a ladle furnace, so that the purity of molten steel is further improved, and the inclusion is denatured; by microalloying rare earth cerium and designing the adding time and adding method of the microalloying rare earth, the yield of rare earth cerium is improved, the influence of inclusions on the quality of molten steel is avoided, the purity of the molten steel is further improved, and nonmagnetic stainless steel grains are refined. The invention can solve the problem that the non-magnetic stainless steel has poor purity and coarse grains and influences corrosion resistance, and can produce the non-magnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance in batches.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. An embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1: example 1: a non-magnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance and a smelting method thereof are provided: primary steelmaking water: smelting by adopting a 60-ton electric arc furnace, wherein the endpoint [ C ]:0.06%, [ P ]:0.004%, tapping temperature is 1660 ℃, and the ladle is hoisted to an alloy melting furnace for jointing Jin Tieshui after tapping.
Alloy melting furnace alloy: the furnace burden consists of 16 tons of high-carbon ferrochrome, 2 tons of nickel plates and 1.5 tons of ferromolybdenum, the steel ladle is connected with molten metal in an alloy melting furnace after the electric furnace is tapped, and then the steel ladle is hung to an argon-oxygen furnace for steel blending.
Blowing oxygen to decarbonize in an argon-oxygen furnace: 1000 kg of lime is added in advance into the furnace, and the molten steel is added, wherein the composition is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 argon oxygen furnace charging molten steel composition (mass percent,%)
Element(s) C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Cu Al
Composition of the components 1.1 0.45 0.70 0.015 0.009 19.80 5.60 3.0 0.20 0.015
The oxygen lance and the air lance are started for oxygen blowing decarburization in the first stage of decarburization, and 3000 kg of lime and 5000 kg of high-carbon ferrochrome are added in four batches at the temperature of 1700 ℃. Closing the oxygen lance when the carbon content is 0.50%; samples were taken at a carbon content of 0.10% and a temperature of 1720℃and 200kg of ferrosilicon was added thereto and the mixture was reduced for 4 minutes.
When the carbon content is 0.40%, the decarburization phase II is carried out, the oxygen lance is closed, and only the air lance is opened for smelting; the decarburization stage was carried out at a carbon content of 0.08%, sampling was carried out at a temperature of 1720℃and chromium reduction and manganese alloying were carried out at a carbon content of 0.015%.
Argon-oxygen furnace reduction, manganese alloying and dehydrogenation: 1400kg of ferrosilicon is added and the mixture is reduced for 8 minutes. Adding 13000 kg of electrolytic manganese metal and 1100 kg of aluminum into the mixture in three batches to perform manganese alloying and oxygen blowing heating, and then stirring the mixture for 1 minute by argon to remove hydrogen brought by the electrolytic manganese. Then sampling and measuring the temperature, and the temperature is 1680 ℃.
Deoxidizing, desulfurizing and alloying nitrogen in an argon-oxygen furnace: removing more than 60% of slag, adding 600 kg of lime, 200kg of fluorite and 150 kg of aluminum block again for slag formation, stirring for 40 minutes at a nitrogen flow of 50m < 3 >/h, measuring the temperature to be 1570 ℃ and tapping, and transferring to a ladle refining furnace for refining after tapping.
6) Refining in a ladle refining furnace and microalloying of rare earth cerium: after the ladle is in place, 200kg of lime and 120kg of fluorite powder are added, 120kg of calcium silicate powder is added in four batches to carry out diffusion deoxidation on slag, sampling [ S ] =0.002%, feeding a calcium silicate line 200m, carrying out weak stirring on molten steel for 8 minutes at a nitrogen flow rate of 40NL/min, then adjusting the nitrogen flow rate to 100NL/min to expose the molten steel, adding 10 kg of rare earth cerium wrapped by iron sheet at the exposed position, then continuing to carry out weak stirring on the molten steel for 12 minutes at a nitrogen flow rate of 40NL/min, and carrying out pouring by hanging ladle at a temperature of 1490 ℃. The composition before tapping is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 molten steel composition before tapping (mass percent,%)
Element(s) C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo N Cu Nb Ce
Composition of the components 0.02 0.35 19.00 0.018 0.002 18.60 3.60 1.80 0.54 0.25 0.03 0.0035

Claims (4)

1. The nonmagnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance is characterized by comprising the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: c=0.01 to 0.06%, si=0.10 to 0.60%, mn=18.00 to 20.00%, P is not more than 0.025%, S is not more than 0.005%, ni=3.00 to 4.50%, cr=18.00 to 21.00%, mo=1.50 to 2.50%, cu=0.15 to 0.50%, nb=0.02 to 0.10%, n=0.50 to 0.70%, ce=0.002 to 0.010%, al=0.005 to 0.020%, and the balance Fe and other unavoidable impurity elements; the nonmagnetic stainless steel is realized by the following steps:
step 1), primary smelting is carried out by an electric arc furnace or a converter, and the phosphorus content of primary steelmaking water is reduced to below 0.005%;
step 2), melting 200-300kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome, 25-35kg/t of nickel plate and 20-30kg/t of ferromolybdenum through an alloy melting furnace so as to improve alloy yield and speed up production efficiency, and adding the melted alloy and primary steelmaking water obtained in the step 1) into an argon-oxygen furnace for smelting;
step 3), decarburizing in three stages through an argon-oxygen furnace, starting an oxygen gun and an air gun for oxygen blowing decarburization in a first stage of decarburization according to an oxygen-nitrogen ratio of 5:1, and adding 30-50kg/t lime and 80-100kg/t high-carbon ferrochrome in the oxygen blowing decarburization period to control the temperature to be less than or equal to 1700 ℃ in order to avoid erosion of a furnace lining due to overhigh temperature in the decarburization period; when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.45%, the decarburization secondary stage is carried out, the oxygen lance smelting is stopped, only the air lance smelting is started, and the oxygen-nitrogen ratio is controlled to be 1:1-1:4 so as to control the temperature to be less than or equal to 1720 ℃; when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.10%, entering a decarburization three-stage, controlling the oxygen-nitrogen ratio to be 1:5, blowing oxygen for decarburization, and when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.015%, reducing chromium and alloying manganese;
step 4), chromium reduction and manganese alloying are carried out in an argon-oxygen furnace, 20-25kg/t of ferrosilicon is added into the furnace for reduction when the carbon content in steel is less than or equal to 0.015%, 2-3 batches of electrolytic manganese metal are added for manganese alloying, the addition amount of the electrolytic manganese metal is calculated according to 200-240kg/t, and the yield is considered according to 92% by weight;
step 5), carrying out temperature compensation on the argon-oxygen furnace, wherein the temperature of molten steel of the argon-oxygen furnace is greatly reduced due to the alloying of manganese, adding ferrosilicon or aluminum blocks for oxygen blowing and heating, calculating according to the temperature quantity reduced by the alloying of manganese, taking the oxygen blowing and heating into consideration according to the increase of 450-550 ℃, and calculating according to the specific dosage of 3.88 kg ferrosilicon or 2.87 kg aluminum blocks for heating 100 ℃ per ton of molten steel;
step 6), after manganese alloying, switching stirring gas into argon, and carrying out strong stirring for more than 1 minute according to the flow of 60m < 3 >/min so as to remove hydrogen brought by electrolytic manganese metal;
step 7), after manganese alloying, oxygen blowing and heating and argon stirring and dehydrogenation, the slag is partial oxidizing and low in alkalinity, which is not beneficial to the purity of molten steel, slag is required to be scraped off, 10-20kg/t of lime, 2-5kg/t of fluorite and 2-3kg/t of aluminum block are added again for deoxidization and desulfurization, and the purity of molten steel is improved;
step 8), nitrogen alloying is carried out by adopting nitrogen blowing, the nitrogen flow is not lower than 40m < 3 >/h, the nitrogen content is blown to be more than 0.50%, temperature measurement and sampling are carried out, and after the temperature and the components are qualified, AOD tapping is transferred into a ladle refining furnace for refining;
step 9), after the refining ladle is in place, adding 3-5kg/t lime and 2-3kg/t fluorite powder to adjust slag, adding 1-3kg/t calcium silicate powder into more than 3 batches to carry out diffusion deoxidation on the slag, controlling [ S ] to be less than or equal to 0.003%, feeding 3-5m/t calcium silicate wire, carrying out weak stirring on molten steel at a nitrogen flow rate of 30-50NL/min for 8 minutes, then adjusting the nitrogen flow rate to 100NL/min to expose the molten steel, adding rare earth cerium wrapped by iron sheet at the exposed position, calculating the addition amount according to 30% of the yield, and then continuing to carry out weak stirring on the molten steel for more than 10 minutes according to the nitrogen flow rate of 30-50L/min, and carrying out pouring by hanging ladle at a temperature of 1470-1490 ℃.
2. The smelting method of the nonmagnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance is characterized in that the nonmagnetic stainless steel comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: c=0.01 to 0.06%, si=0.10 to 0.60%, mn=18.00 to 20.00%, P is not more than 0.025%, S is not more than 0.005%, ni=3.00 to 4.50%, cr=18.00 to 21.00%, mo=1.50 to 2.50%, cu=0.15 to 0.50%, nb=0.02 to 0.10%, n=0.50 to 0.70%, ce=0.002 to 0.010%, al=0.005 to 0.020%, and the balance Fe and other unavoidable impurity elements;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1), primary smelting is carried out by an electric arc furnace or a converter, and the phosphorus content of primary steelmaking water is reduced to below 0.005%;
step 2), melting 200-300kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome, 25-35kg/t of nickel plate and 20-30kg/t of ferromolybdenum through an alloy melting furnace so as to improve alloy yield and speed up production efficiency, and adding the melted alloy and primary steelmaking water obtained in the step 1) into an argon-oxygen furnace for smelting;
step 3), decarburizing in three stages through an argon-oxygen furnace, starting an oxygen gun and an air gun for oxygen blowing decarburization in a first stage of decarburization according to an oxygen-nitrogen ratio of 5:1, and adding 30-50kg/t lime and 80-100kg/t high-carbon ferrochrome in the oxygen blowing decarburization period to control the temperature to be less than or equal to 1700 ℃ in order to avoid erosion of a furnace lining due to overhigh temperature in the decarburization period; when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.45%, the decarburization secondary stage is carried out, the oxygen lance smelting is stopped, only the air lance smelting is started, and the oxygen-nitrogen ratio is controlled to be 1:1-1:4 so as to control the temperature to be less than or equal to 1720 ℃; when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.10%, entering a decarburization three-stage, controlling the oxygen-nitrogen ratio to be 1:5, blowing oxygen for decarburization, and when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.015%, reducing chromium and alloying manganese;
step 4), chromium reduction and manganese alloying are carried out in an argon-oxygen furnace, 20-25kg/t of ferrosilicon is added into the furnace for reduction when the carbon content in steel is less than or equal to 0.015%, 2-3 batches of electrolytic manganese metal are added for manganese alloying, the addition amount of the electrolytic manganese metal is calculated according to 200-240kg/t, and the yield is considered according to 92% by weight;
step 5), carrying out temperature compensation on the argon-oxygen furnace, wherein the temperature of molten steel of the argon-oxygen furnace is greatly reduced due to the alloying of manganese, adding ferrosilicon or aluminum blocks for oxygen blowing and heating, calculating according to the temperature quantity reduced by the alloying of manganese, taking the oxygen blowing and heating into consideration according to the increase of 450-550 ℃, and calculating according to the specific dosage of 3.88 kg ferrosilicon or 2.87 kg aluminum blocks for heating 100 ℃ per ton of molten steel;
step 6), after manganese alloying, switching stirring gas into argon, and carrying out strong stirring for more than 1 minute according to the flow of 60m < 3 >/min so as to remove hydrogen brought by electrolytic manganese metal;
step 7), after manganese alloying, oxygen blowing and heating and argon stirring and dehydrogenation, the slag is partial oxidizing and low in alkalinity, which is not beneficial to the purity of molten steel, slag is required to be scraped off, 10-20kg/t of lime, 2-5kg/t of fluorite and 2-3kg/t of aluminum block are added again for deoxidization and desulfurization, and the purity of molten steel is improved;
step 8), nitrogen alloying is carried out by adopting nitrogen blowing, the nitrogen flow is not lower than 40m < 3 >/h, the nitrogen content is blown to be more than 0.50%, temperature measurement and sampling are carried out, and after the temperature and the components are qualified, AOD tapping is transferred into a ladle refining furnace for refining;
step 9), after the refining ladle is in place, adding 3-5kg/t lime and 2-3kg/t fluorite powder to adjust slag, adding 1-3kg/t calcium silicate powder into more than 3 batches to carry out diffusion deoxidation on the slag, controlling [ S ] to be less than or equal to 0.003%, feeding 3-5m/t calcium silicate wire, carrying out weak stirring on molten steel at a nitrogen flow rate of 30-50NL/min for 8 minutes, then adjusting the nitrogen flow rate to 100NL/min to expose the molten steel, adding rare earth cerium wrapped by iron sheet at the exposed position, calculating the addition amount according to 30% of the yield, and then continuing to carry out weak stirring on the molten steel for more than 10 minutes according to the nitrogen flow rate of 30-50L/min, and carrying out pouring by hanging ladle at a temperature of 1470-1490 ℃.
3. The method for smelting non-magnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance according to claim 2, wherein the carbon content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.03% in order to ensure the inter-crystal corrosion capability of the non-magnetic stainless steel, and the ferrosilicon for reduction in the argon oxygen furnace is required to be less than or equal to 0.05% and the electrolytic manganese is required to be less than or equal to 0.03% in order to achieve the control objective.
4. The method for smelting non-magnetic stainless steel with high purity and corrosion resistance according to claim 2, wherein the cerium content of the rare earth cerium is more than or equal to 65%.
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