CN110093479B - Bottom blowing CO2Method for smelting stainless steel - Google Patents
Bottom blowing CO2Method for smelting stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110093479B CN110093479B CN201910241419.9A CN201910241419A CN110093479B CN 110093479 B CN110093479 B CN 110093479B CN 201910241419 A CN201910241419 A CN 201910241419A CN 110093479 B CN110093479 B CN 110093479B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
- C21C7/0685—Decarburising of stainless steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of stainless steel smelting technologySmelting field, and relates to bottom blowing CO2A method of smelting stainless steel comprising: (1) adding dephosphorized molten iron into converter, top-blowing O by oxygen gun2Bottom blowing of bottom lance O2And CO2The mixed gas of (3); (2) adding furnace burden for alloying and slagging in the smelting process; (3) when the carbon content of the converter molten pool is 0.2-0.5%, the oxygen lance and the bottom lance stop blowing O2The bottom lance continues to blow CO from the bottom2(ii) a (4) And adding a reducing material into the molten pool for reduction, and transferring into a VOD furnace for refining when the components of the molten steel meet the requirements. Bottom blowing CO of the invention2The method for smelting stainless steel uses CO as the inert gas blown from bottom of converter2Not only reduces the smelting cost, but also avoids bottom blowing N2The content of nitrogen element in the molten steel is increased, and the stability of the physical and chemical properties of the stainless steel is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of stainless steel smelting, and relates to bottom blowing CO2A method for smelting stainless steel, in particular to bottom blowing CO2A method for smelting titanium-containing stainless steel.
Background
Mainstream stainless steel smelting process (such as AOD, KOBMS) bottom blowing O with different proportions in the decarburization period2+N2Mixed gas of/Ar, bottom blowing N in reduction period2and/Ar. In some stainless steels, N is one of alloying elements, the content of nitrogen in stainless steel has certain range requirements, and the physicochemical properties of stainless steel are affected when the content is too high or too low, and in titanium-containing stainless steel (such as 409L, 321, 436 and other steel types), the content of nitrogen should be as low as possible. As the mainstream stainless steel smelting process blows nitrogen at the bottom in the decarburization period and the reduction period, the content of N element in the molten steel is increased. To avoid bottom blowing of N2Increasing nitrogen content in molten steel, bottom blowing N is generally used in the art2the/Ar is replaced by bottom-blown Ar. As large-scale stainless steel smelting enterprises, Shanxi Tai Steel stainless Steel stockings company needs to consume a large amount of argon every year for stainless steel smelting, particularly for titanium-containing stainless steel, and the unit consumption of argon is as high as 30Nm3The production cost of the steel per ton is correspondingly increased.
In some novel stainless steel smelting processes, bottom blowing CO2As a reaction medium for stainless steel making, N is more conventional2Ar has unique advantages, not only reduces the cost, but also improves the qualityThe stirring effect is improved. However, there is currently bottom blown CO2The smelting technology only uses CO in the decarbonization period2And in the reduction period (whole course or later), Ar must be blown at the bottom to ensure that the nitrogen content in the steel reaches the nitrogen content requirement of the steel grade. Therefore, the current stainless steel smelting process cannot completely separate from using Ar.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further reduce the production cost of smelting stainless steel, the invention discloses bottom blowing CO2A method for smelting stainless steel.
In particular to bottom blowing CO2The method for smelting stainless steel comprises the following steps:
(1) adding dephosphorized molten iron into converter, top-blowing O by oxygen gun2Bottom blowing of bottom lance O2And CO2The mixed gas of (3);
(2) adding furnace burden for alloying and slagging in the smelting process;
(3) when the carbon content of the converter molten pool is 0.2-0.5%, the oxygen lance and the bottom lance stop blowing O2The bottom lance continues to blow CO from the bottom2；
(4) And adding a reducing material into the molten pool for reduction, and transferring into a VOD furnace for refining when the components of the molten steel meet the requirements.
Bottom blowing of CO as described above2A method for smelting stainless steel, wherein the converter is a KOBMS furnace or an AOD furnace.
Bottom blowing of CO as described above2The method for smelting stainless steel comprises the step (1) of blowing O by the bottom gun2And CO2The ratio of (1) to (3-4) is gradually adjusted from the initial (2-3) to 1 as the carbon content of the molten iron decreases.
Bottom blowing of CO as described above2The method for smelting stainless steel comprises the steps of smelting stainless steel by using a furnace charge, wherein the furnace charge comprises lime and one or more of high-carbon ferrochrome, pure nickel, ferronickel alloy and high-carbon ferromanganese.
Bottom blowing of CO as described above2A method of smelting stainless steel, the reducing material comprising ferrosilicon, aluminium and/or fluorite.
Bottom blowing of CO as described above2The dephosphorized molten iron is obtained by blowing lime powder into the molten iron of the blast furnace in a pretreatment tankAnd iron phosphorus.
Bottom blowing of CO as described above2A method of smelting stainless steel, the VOD furnace refining comprising: and (3) pumping air in a VOD furnace by using a vacuum pump, blowing oxygen for decarburization by using a top gun after the vacuum degree meets the requirement, blowing Ar for stirring by using a bottom gun, adding materials into molten iron, and tapping when the content of each component meets the requirement.
Bottom blowing of CO as described above2A method of smelting stainless steel, the material comprising ferrotitanium, low carbon ferrochrome and/or nickel shot.
Bottom blowing of CO as described above2A method of smelting stainless steel, including 409L, 436, 444, 321, 316Ti stainless steel.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) bottom blowing CO of the invention2The stainless steel smelting process includes smelting stainless steel in KOBMS-VOD and AOD-VOD process with CO as the bottom blowing inert gas2Not only avoid bottom blowing N2The content of nitrogen element in the molten steel is increased, and the stability of the physical and chemical properties of the stainless steel is also ensured;
(2)CO2the purchase price is lower than that of argon by more than 50 percent, and the smelting process uses O with different proportions in the decarburization period2+CO2Mixed gas, bottom blown CO in reduction phase2Further reduces Ar consumption and realizes CO2The method is valuable in utilization, and the production cost is reduced, so that the method has remarkable economic benefit;
(3) the current environmental protection requires the reduction of carbon emission and the use of CO2Ar is replaced, and energy conservation and emission reduction are facilitated.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the invention. The process of the present invention employs conventional methods or apparatus in the art, except as described below. The following noun terms have meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
Specifically, the invention provides bottom blowing CO2Smelting stainless steelThe method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding dephosphorized molten iron into converter, top-blowing O by oxygen gun2Bottom blowing of bottom lance O2And CO2The mixed gas of (3);
(2) adding furnace burden for alloying and slagging in the smelting process;
(3) when the carbon content of the converter molten pool is 0.2-0.5%, the oxygen lance and the bottom lance stop blowing O2The bottom lance continues to blow CO from the bottom2；
(4) And adding a reducing material into the molten pool for reduction, and transferring into a VOD furnace for refining when the components of the molten steel meet the requirements.
CO2N used as a reaction medium for stainless steel making2And the cost of Ar is low, and the method also has unique advantages. Specifically, according to thermodynamic calculation results, at the temperature higher than 1120 ℃, CO2Can generate CO with C2(g)+[C]＝2CO(g)And (4) reacting. The temperature in the stainless steel smelting furnace is usually controlled between 1300 ℃ and 1750 ℃, and a large amount of CO is blown from the bottom2The bubbles enter the molten bath to greatly increase the contact area with C in the molten bath, thereby contributing to the progress of the decarburization reaction. In addition, CO at high temperatures2(g)+[C]＝2CO(g)The gas volume is increased by 1 time, the stirring capacity of the molten pool is enhanced, and compared with bottom blowing Ar, the method is more favorable for the decarburization reaction.
Wherein, the converter adopted by the invention is a KOBMS furnace or an AOD furnace.
The furnace lining of the KOBMS furnace is magnesia carbon bricks with higher carbon content, and can not directly smelt finished stainless steel with carbon content lower than 0.10 percent and can not directly smelt titanium-containing stainless steel with ultra-low carbon content. According to the invention, KOBMS is used as a primary smelting furnace to complete basic decarburization and alloying of molten steel, and then the molten steel is introduced into VOD refining to complete final decarburization and component fine adjustment, so that CO is used in the whole process of KOBMS2And (4) smelting.
The AOD smelting furnace is more widely used for stainless steel smelting, and the final decarburization and reduction refining processes are directly completed by the AOD furnace, so that the AOD furnace does not have whole-process bottom blowing CO2And (4) smelting conditions. Although there is AOD-VOD technology in the art, AOD cannot be performed all the way through the technologyBottom blowing CO only2Cannot avoid bottom blowing N2The content of nitrogen element in the molten steel is increased, or the smelting cost is high due to bottom blowing Ar. The invention creatively takes the AOD in the AOD-VOD combined technology as a primary smelting furnace and blows CO at the bottom in the whole process2Smelting, not only reducing the cost, but also avoiding bottom blowing N2Causing the problem of the increase of the content of nitrogen elements.
Bottom blowing CO of the invention2The method for smelting stainless steel has the following characteristics: CO is used in the whole smelting process of the KOBMS furnace or the AOD furnace2As stirring gas, the smelted molten steel belongs to a semi-finished product, the molten steel also needs to be subjected to decarburization refining in VOD, the requirement on the reduction degree of the molten steel is not particularly high, and therefore CO can be used in the reduction period2Substitution of Ar (CO)2Weak oxidation at high temperature or in a reducing atmosphere); the smelting bottom blowing inert gas of the KOBMS furnace or the AOD furnace totally uses CO2Not only can avoid bottom blowing N2The nitrogen is increased, and the production cost of bottom blowing Ar is reduced.
P is an impurity element, and the main harm of P is to increase the sensitivity of intergranular corrosion and obviously reduce the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. Therefore, in order to reduce the content of P, the molten iron used in the converter of step (1) is dephosphorized molten iron. Specifically, a certain amount of lime powder and iron phosphorus are blown into blast furnace molten iron in a pretreatment tank, and when the content of P in the molten iron is lower than 0.02%, the molten iron is lifted and added into a KOBMS converter for smelting.
In some preferred embodiments, in step (1) (i.e., the decarbonization period), the O blown by the bottom lance2And CO2The ratio of (A) to (B) is gradually adjusted from (2-3):1 to (1): 3-4 along with the reduction of the carbon content of the molten pool. By gradually raising the bottom gun to blow CO2The ratio (B) of (B) is such that the progress of the decarburization reaction can be promoted more effectively.
In the smelting process, charging materials containing corresponding elements can be added into the molten steel according to the types of the stainless steel to be smelted, wherein the charging materials include but are not limited to high-carbon ferrochrome, pure nickel, ferronickel, high-carbon ferromanganese and lime.
Wherein, the reducing material added in step (4) includes but is not limited to ferrosilicon, aluminum, fluorite, and the invention is not limited in particular.
Since molten steel smelted by the KOBMS converter belongs to a semi-finished product, decarburization refining is carried out on VOD. Specifically, the VOD furnace refining comprises: and (3) adopting a vacuum pump to exhaust, blowing oxygen for decarburization by a top gun after the vacuum degree meets the requirement, blowing Ar for stirring by a bottom gun (under high vacuum, the breakage of Ar bubbles blown from the bottom can form a violent stirring effect on molten steel in a ladle, and is beneficial to deep decarburization of the molten steel under vacuum), adding materials into the molten steel to adjust the content of each component in the molten steel, and finishing refining treatment.
The material is different according to the type of stainless steel to be smelted and the composition of molten steel, and the invention is not limited in detail herein. For example, in some embodiments, the material is ferrotitanium, and in still other embodiments, the material is ferrotitanium, low carbon ferrochrome, nickel beans.
The invention relates to bottom blowing CO2The method for smelting stainless steel can be used for smelting various stainless steels. In some embodiments, the stainless steel smelted by the method is titanium-containing stainless steel, such as 409L, 436, 444, 321, 316Ti and other steel grades.
In the titanium-containing stainless steel, when the content of nitrogen element is more than a set value, a large amount of TiN inclusions can be formed to cause the caking and the denaturation of the casting powder in the continuous casting crystallizer, thereby causing the continuous casting breakout accident.
Stainless steel smelting usually uses N2Ar is used as inert gas for smelting, and CO is sold in the market2The price is obviously lower than that of Ar, so that CO2The substitution of Ar has practical significance. Specifically, for example: the general steel grades such as 304, 316L and the like require a certain nitrogen content, nitrogen is blown at the bottom in the early stage of smelting, when the nitrogen content meets the requirement, the nitrogen is blown at the bottom, so that the nitrogen content of the stainless steel is easily overhigh, and only Ar is blown at the bottom to avoid influencing the performance of the stainless steel; furthermore, titanium-containing stainless steels require as low a nitrogen content as possible, using CO2The smelting cost can be effectively reduced by replacing Ar.
Bottom blowing CO of the invention2Method for smelting stainless steel, inert gas of converter bottom blowingAll using CO2Not only reduces the smelting cost, but also avoids bottom blowing N2The content of nitrogen element in the molten steel is increased, and the stability of the physical and chemical properties of the stainless steel is ensured.
Examples
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Experimental procedures without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were carried out according to conventional methods and conditions. The starting materials used in the following examples are all conventionally commercially available.
Example 1
409L smelted by KOBMS-VOD process
Pretreating and dephosphorizing the blast furnace molten iron: the blast furnace molten iron is prepared by the steps of spraying lime powder and iron phosphorus into a pretreatment tank at 1380 ℃ to perform dephosphorization treatment at the temperature of 1380 ℃ before dephosphorization treatment, spraying the components of C3.9%, Si 0.06% and P0.015% after dephosphorization at 1360 ℃, and then adding the dephosphorized molten iron into a KOBMS smelting converter.
KOBMS smelting: adding the dephosphorized molten iron into a KOBMS converter, and blowing O from the top of an oxygen lance2Bottom blowing of bottom lance O2-CO2Mixed gas, with the carbon content of the molten pool reduced, bottom lance blows O2/CO2The proportion of the chromium is adjusted from 2/1 to 1/3, and furnace burden such as high carbon ferrochrome, lime and the like are added in the smelting process to realize chromium alloying and slagging; oxygen blowing smelting is carried out until the carbon content of the molten pool reaches 0.30-0.50%, oxygen blowing is stopped by a top gun and a bottom gun, and the bottom gun completely blows CO2Stirring, and adding ferrosilicon, fluorite and the like for reduction; when the molten steel components in the molten pool meet the following requirements of C0.30-0.50%, Si 0.10-0.30%, Cr 12.0-12.5% and P less than or equal to 0.035%, tapping can be carried out, and the molten steel is lifted and lifted VOD for further refining.
VOD refining: smelting molten steel in a KOBMS converter, entering a VOD furnace, starting a vacuum pump to pump, beginning to blow oxygen for decarburization when the vacuum degree reaches the process setting requirement (different settings are made in different steel type production plants), blowing Ar for decarburization when a top lance descends, continuing to decarburize until C is less than 0.01%, adding ferrosilicon, aluminum, fluorite and the like for reduction, adding ferrotitanium for titanium alloying, confirming that the components meet the requirements of steel type finished products, and then continuously casting.
Example 2
KOBMS-VOD process smelting 321
Pretreating and dephosphorizing the blast furnace molten iron: the blast furnace molten iron is processed by blowing lime powder and iron phosphorus into a pretreatment tank for dephosphorization treatment at 1405 ℃ and then is processed by blowing the components of C3.8%, Si 0.40% and P0.080% in percentage by mass before dephosphorization treatment, and the components of C3.6%, Si 0.05% and P0.020% after dephosphorization treatment at 1385 ℃, and then the dephosphorized molten iron is hoisted and added into a KOBMS converter for smelting.
KOBMS smelting: adding the dephosphorized molten iron into a KOBMS converter, and blowing O from the top of an oxygen lance2Bottom blowing of bottom lance O2-CO2Mixed gas, with the carbon content of the molten pool reduced, bottom lance blows O2/CO2The ratio of the high-carbon chromium iron to the high-carbon ferromanganese is adjusted to 1/3 from 2.5/1, furnace materials such as high-carbon ferrochrome, pure nickel, ferronickel, high-carbon ferromanganese, lime and the like are added in the smelting process, and alloying and slagging are realized; oxygen blowing smelting is carried out until the carbon content of the molten pool reaches 0.20-0.30%, oxygen blowing is stopped by a top gun and a bottom gun, and the bottom gun completely blows CO2Stirring, and adding ferrosilicon, fluorite and the like for reduction; when the molten steel components in the molten pool meet the following requirements of C0.20-0.30%, Si 0.10-0.30%, Mn 1.10-1.40%, Cr 18.0-18.5%, Ni 9.0-9.50%, and P less than or equal to 0.035%, tapping is carried out, and the molten steel is lifted and lifted VOD for further refining.
VOD refining: smelting molten steel in a KOBMS converter to reach VOD, starting a vacuum pump to pump air, descending a top lance to start oxygen blowing and decarburization when the vacuum degree meets the process set requirement, stirring by bottom blowing Ar, adding low-carbon ferrochrome and nickel beans to perform component adjustment, performing oxygen blowing and decarburization until C is less than 0.015%, performing reduction, and then adding ferrotitanium to perform titanium alloying. The components meet the requirements of 321 finished products, and then continuous casting can be carried out.
Example 3
AOD-VOD process smelting 321
EAF molten stainless steel mother liquor: adding furnace materials such as stainless steel scrap, high-carbon ferrochrome, nickel-containing pig iron and the like into EAF (easy open ladle furnace) to transmit electricity for melting, tapping when the components and the temperature meet the following requirements, wherein C is 1.0-2.0%, Si is 0.3-0.5%, Cr is 15.0-17.0%, Ni is 6.0-8.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.035%, the temperature is 1500-;
AOD smelting: EAF tapping mother liquor is added into AOD, oxygen lance is used for top blowing O2Side lance blowing O2-CO2Decarbonizing and smelting the mixed gas, adding furnace charges such as high-carbon ferrochromium, high-carbon ferromanganese, lime and the like according to the requirements of steel types in the smelting process to complete alloying and slagging, and blowing O by a side gun along with the reduction of the carbon content of a molten pool2/CO2The proportion of the carbon is adjusted from 2/1 to 1/4 until the carbon content of the molten pool reaches 0.20 to 0.40 percent, the top lance and the side lance stop blowing oxygen, and the side lance completely blows CO2Stirring, adding ferrosilicon, fluorite and the like for reduction, tapping when the molten steel components in a molten pool reach the requirements of C0.00-0.40%, Si 0.10-0.30%, Cr 18.0-18.5%, Ni 9.0-9.5% and P less than or equal to 0.040%, and hoisting VOD to the molten steel for further refining.
VOD refining: and smelting molten steel by AOD (argon oxygen decarburization) in VOD (vacuum oxygen decarburization), blowing oxygen by a top lance, stirring by Ar at the bottom, continuously decarbonizing until the C is less than 0.015 percent, reducing, adding low-carbon ferrochrome and nickel beans for component adjustment, and then adding ferrotitanium for titanium alloying. The components meet the requirements of 321 finished products, and then continuous casting can be carried out.
The present invention has been disclosed in the foregoing in terms of preferred embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that all changes and substitutions equivalent to those of the embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. Bottom blowing CO2The method for smelting stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding dephosphorized molten iron into converter, top-blowing O by oxygen gun2Bottom blowing of bottom lance O2And CO2The mixed gas of (3);
(2) adding furnace burden for alloying and slagging in the smelting process;
(3) when the carbon content of the converter molten pool is 0.2-0.5%, the oxygen lance and the bottom lance stop blowing O2The bottom lance continues to blow CO from the bottom2；
(4) Adding a reducing material into the molten pool for reduction, and transferring into a VOD furnace for refining when the components of the molten steel meet the requirements;
wherein the converter is a KOBMS furnace;
wherein in the step (1), O blown out by the bottom gun2And CO2The ratio of (1) to (3-4) is gradually adjusted from the initial (2-3) to 1 as the carbon content of the molten iron decreases.
2. Bottom blowing CO according to claim 12The method for smelting stainless steel is characterized in that the furnace charge comprises lime and one or more of high-carbon ferrochrome, pure nickel, ferronickel alloy and high-carbon ferromanganese.
3. Bottom blowing CO according to claim 12A method of smelting stainless steel, characterised in that the reducing material comprises ferrosilicon, aluminium and/or fluorite.
4. Bottom blowing CO according to claim 12The method for smelting stainless steel is characterized in that the dephosphorized molten iron is obtained by blowing lime powder and iron phosphorus into blast furnace molten iron in a pretreatment tank.
5. Bottom blowing CO according to claim 12The method for smelting stainless steel is characterized in that the VOD furnace refining comprises the following steps: and (3) pumping air in a VOD furnace by using a vacuum pump, blowing oxygen for decarburization by using a top gun after the vacuum degree meets the requirement, blowing Ar for stirring by using a bottom gun, adding materials into molten iron, and tapping when the content of each component meets the requirement.
6. Bottom blowing CO according to claim 52A method of smelting stainless steel, characterised in that the material comprises ferrotitanium, low carbon ferrochrome and/or nickel shot.
7. Bottom blowing CO according to any of claims 1 to 62A method of smelting stainless steel, characterized in that the stainless steel comprises 409L, 436, 444, 321, 316Ti stainless steel。
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| CN110724791A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-01-24 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Integrated process for smelting micro-carbon ferrochromium |
| CN110628985A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-31 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Method for smelting special steel by bottom-blowing electric arc furnace returning oxygen blowing method |
| CN110819880B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-06-22 | 宝钢德盛不锈钢有限公司 | Pretreatment process and application of chromium-containing low-nickel molten iron for production of 200-series stainless steel |
| CN111850240A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-30 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for smelting austenitic stainless steel by blowing carbon dioxide into AOD converter |
| CN112680565B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-03-08 | 北京科技大学 | By using CO in AOD furnace2Method for smelting high-manganese stainless steel by decarburization |
| CN112853030B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-09-21 | 北京科技大学 | TSR furnace top bottom combined blowing CO2Method for smelting stainless steel |
| CN113430336B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-11-18 | 首钢集团有限公司 | By using CO 2 Operating method for RH high-efficiency refining |
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| US5190577A (en) * | 1990-12-11 | 1993-03-02 | Liquid Air Corporation | Replacement of argon with carbon dioxide in a reactor containing molten metal for the purpose of refining molten metal |
| CN102146501B (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2013-07-03 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Refining method for producing stainless steel by VOD (vacuum oxygen decarburization) blowing CO2 |
| CN102146499A (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-10 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Smelting method for making stainless steel by blowing CO2 in argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) |
| CN105274278A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2016-01-27 | 李正福 | Control device and method for converter smelting through CO2 and argon of rotary kiln |
| CN106834608A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-06-13 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | A kind of AOD furnace CO2The method for substituting part argon gas smelting stainless steel |
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