CN112853030B - TSR furnace top bottom combined blowing CO2Method for smelting stainless steel - Google Patents
TSR furnace top bottom combined blowing CO2Method for smelting stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a TSR furnace top bottom combined blown CO2A method for smelting stainless steel belongs to the technical field of stainless steel smelting. By blowing CO in different proportions from the top or bottom of the furnace at different stages of the oxidizing phase of a TSR furnace2By means of CO2The weak oxidation enhances the decarburization of the molten pool and reduces the oxidation burning loss of chromium, and a certain amount of N is blown into the molten pool2and/Ar, the CO partial pressure of a molten pool is reduced, the smelting efficiency and the chromium metal yield are improved, and the production cost is reduced. By using CO2The heat absorption effect of the decarburization reaction is participated, the temperature of the molten pool is controlled, and the high-temperature melting loss of the refractory materials of the furnace body and the furnace bottom is reduced. By using CO2Participate in the oxidation reaction of elements in the molten pool to improve the stirring performance of the molten pool, improve the dynamic condition of the molten pool and shorten the smelting period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly belongs to the technical field of stainless steel smelting, and particularly relates to TSR furnace top bottom combined blowing CO2A method for smelting stainless steel.
Background
Compared with traditional stainless steel refining furnaces such as AOD (argon oxygen decarburization) furnace, VOD (vacuum oxygen decarburization) furnace and the like, the TSR furnace not only can realize top supersonic oxygen supply, but also can perform full-range mixed blowing smelting by blowing large-flow bottom-blown gas through the bottom-blown lance, and has the function of smelting carbon steel and stainless steel.
At present, the main raw materials for smelting stainless steel by a TSR furnace are molten iron and high-carbon ferrochrome, and the smelting stage is divided into an oxidation period and a reduction period. Because the carbon content in the molten iron is high and the addition of the high-carbon ferrochrome can further increase carbon to a smelting molten pool, the decarburization task is heavy during the smelting period in the oxidation period, the oxygen supply amount is large, and the oxidation burning loss of chromium is serious, so that a large amount of ferrosilicon and a certain amount of fluorite need to be added into the furnace in the reduction period, the reaction kinetic condition of the furnace slag is improved after the slag is melted, the reduction and deoxidation reactions are carried out, the chromium part in the slag is reduced back to the molten steel, the peroxidation of the molten steel is reduced, the smelting period of the TSR furnace is prolonged, and the production cost is increased. Meanwhile, a large amount of oxygen is supplied to the top and the bottom of the furnace in the oxidation period, so that the temperature in the furnace is very high, the refractory materials at the slag line part and the bottom of the furnace body are seriously corroded by high temperature, and the furnace life of the TSR furnace is strictly limited.
Chinese patents CN 201010108179.4 and CN 201010108211.9 respectively disclose a VOD blowing CO2Refining method for producing stainless steel and AOD (argon oxygen decarburization) blowing CO2Smelting method for producing stainless steel by mixed blowing of O2And CO2The molten steel is refined to produce the stainless steel, but the two methods only aim at the refining process of primary molten steel with the temperature of more than 1600 ℃, and inert gas is not blown in the refining process to reduce the partial pressure of CO in a furnace, so that the chromium in the molten steel is seriously burnt; chinese patent CN 201710083799.9 discloses CO for AOD furnace2Method for smelting stainless steel by replacing partial argon and CO for smelting in high-carbon area2The method replaces Ar, and aims at the refining process of primary molten steel at 1500-1550 ℃, only the problem of saved Ar cost is considered, and the method does not consider that the decarbonization and chromium protection reaction is inhibited by excessively reducing the Ar amount in the smelting process, so that the yield of chromium metal is reduced; chinese patent CN 201910241419.9 discloses a bottom blowing CO2Method for smelting stainless steel by bottom blowing CO only2Primary refining is carried out on the dephosphorized molten iron to obtain stainless steelSteel mother liquor, not stainless steel products.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides TSR furnace top bottom combined blowing CO2Method for smelting stainless steel by blowing CO from top or bottom in different proportions during different stages of the oxidation phase2By means of CO2The weak oxidizability strengthens the decarburization of the molten pool, reduces the oxidation burning loss of chromium and reduces the production cost. And CO2The high-temperature melting loss of refractory materials of the furnace body and the furnace bottom is reduced. At the same time, CO2Participate in the steel-making reaction to improve the stirring performance of a molten pool and cooperate with blowing in a certain amount of N2and/Ar, improving dynamic conditions of a molten pool, reducing CO partial pressure of the molten pool, improving yield of chromium metal and shortening smelting period.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
TSR furnace top bottom combined blowing CO2The method for smelting stainless steel is characterized in that the TSR smelting process is divided into an oxidation period and a reduction period, wherein the oxidation period is divided into seven stages including DEC 1-DEC 7; in the stage of DEC 1-DEC 3, the top-blown oxygen lance only blows O2To rapidly decarbonize and heat the molten pool, and a bottom blowing spray gun blows O2And CO2The mixed gas assists in decarburization and strengthens the stirring of a molten pool; in the DEC4 and DEC5 stages, top-blown oxygen lances are blown with O separately2With CO2Mixed gas of (2) and (O)2、CO2And N2The mixed gas of/Ar properly reduces the temperature of the upper part of the furnace body, reduces the high-temperature melting loss of the slag line part, improves the kinetic transmission condition between slag and steel, and simultaneously, the bottom blowing spray gun sprays O in the DEC4 and DEC5 stages2、CO2And N2The mixed gas of/Ar reduces the CO partial pressure of the molten pool, promotes the decarburization reaction of the molten pool, and reduces the oxidation burning loss of Cr in the molten steel; in the DEC6 and DEC7 stages, the top-blown oxygen lance stops blowing air, and the bottom-blown lance blows O2、CO2And N2Mixed gas of/Ar, properly reduced O2In proportion, deep decarburization is carried out, and high-temperature melting loss of a furnace bottom refractory material is reduced; in the reduction period, Ar and CO are injected by a bottom blowing spray gun2The mixed gas of (2) reduces the oxidation of the molten poolImproving Cr content in slag2O3Reduction of (2).
Further, the oxidation period DEC 1-DEC 7 comprises seven stages of O2、CO2And N2The blowing ratio/Ar is specifically as follows:
DEC 1-DEC 3 stage, the gas injected by the top-blown oxygen lance is 100% of O2O in the gas blown by the bottom-blowing lance250-75% of CO2The proportion is 25 to 50 percent, the decarburization reaction of the molten pool is rapidly carried out to reach the proper temperature condition for the decarburization and chromium retention reaction, and CO is mixed into the bottom blowing gas2Reduction of O2The corrosion of the bottom blowing spray gun is reduced in proportion;
DEC4 stage, O in gas blown by top-blown oxygen lance260-90% of CO2The proportion is 10-40%, and O in the gas blown by the bottom blowing spray gun240-60% of CO2The proportion is 20-30 percent, N2The ratio of Ar to CO is 10-40%, and a certain proportion of CO is mixed into the top-blown oxygen lance2By means of CO2The heat absorption effect of the furnace reduces the temperature of the upper part of the furnace body, and reduces the high-temperature melting loss of the slag line and the refractory material at the nearby part;
DEC5 stage, O in gas blown by top-blown oxygen lance230-40% of CO2The proportion is 20-30 percent, N2The ratio of Ar to O is 30-50%, and the gas blown by the bottom blowing spray gun contains O230-50% of CO2The proportion is 20-30 percent, N2The proportion of/Ar is 20-50 percent, and the O blown by the top-blown oxygen lance is reduced on the basis of the parameters of DEC4 stage2Ratio of mixing a certain amount of N2Ar, reducing CO partial pressure in a top reaction zone, and promoting decarbonization and chromium retention reaction;
at the stage of DEC6, stopping blowing the top-blown oxygen lance, and blowing O in the gas blown by the bottom-blown oxygen lance2The proportion of CO is 25-30 percent2The ratio is 0-15%, N2The ratio of Ar to Ar is 55-75%, when the carbon content in the molten pool is reduced to below 0.4%, only bottom blowing O is used2And CO2Deep decarburization is carried out and bottom blowing CO is utilized2Strengthening the stirring of the molten pool, improving the reaction kinetic conditions of the molten pool and increasing the bottom blowingN2The proportion of/Ar, the partial pressure of CO in the molten pool is reduced, so that the decarbonization and chromium retention reaction is continuously carried out;
DEC7 stage, top blowing oxygen lance blowing no gas, bottom blowing oxygen lance blowing gas O215-20% of CO2The ratio is 0-10%, N2The proportion of Ar/65-85 percent, and the O is reduced on the basis of DEC6 stage parameters2And CO2By increasing the ratio of (1) to (2)2The proportion of Ar is used for avoiding the over oxidation of a molten pool, further reducing the CO partial pressure in the molten pool and reducing the oxidation and burning loss of Cr in molten steel.
Further, in the reduction period stage, the bottom blowing spray gun stops blowing O2Blowing only Ar and CO2Wherein the ratio of Ar is 80-100%, and CO2The proportion is 0-20%.
Further, said O is2、CO2And N2The gas proportion of the/Ar mixed gas is adjusted by each gas pipeline through a flow control valve, the mixed gas enters the gas mixing bag to be uniformly mixed and then is blown into a pipeline connected with a bottom blowing spray gun, and then the mixed gas is sprayed into the furnace through the bottom blowing spray gun.
Further, the TSR furnace top bottom combined blown CO2The method for smelting stainless steel is suitable for smelting raw materials which are dephosphorized molten iron or stainless steel mother liquor and are mixed with any two or more than two of high-carbon ferrochrome, low-carbon ferrochrome, stainless steel scrap and chrome ore.
Further, the TSR furnace top bottom combined blown CO2The method for smelting stainless steel can realize the process of refining the stainless steel mother liquor into the stainless steel product, and also can realize the continuous process of firstly primarily refining molten iron into the stainless steel mother liquor and then refining the stainless steel mother liquor into the stainless steel product.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention blows CO from the top and the bottom in the process of smelting stainless steel in the TSR furnace2By means of CO2The weak oxidation and the heat absorption effect of the method can strengthen the decarburization of the molten pool in the oxidation period, reduce the oxidation burning loss of chromium, control the temperature of the molten pool and reduce the high-temperature melting loss of refractory materials of a furnace body and a furnace bottom. The invention can effectively improve the yield of chromiumThe smelting efficiency is improved, the smelting period is shortened, the furnace life of the TSR furnace is prolonged, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is top-blown gas parameters for smelting stainless steel in a 70t TSR furnace;
FIG. 2 is bottom blowing gas parameters for smelting stainless steel in a 70t TSR furnace;
FIG. 3 is top-blown gas parameters for smelting stainless steel in a 120t TSR furnace;
FIG. 4 is bottom blowing gas parameters for smelting stainless steel in a 120t TSR furnace;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, equivalents and alternatives which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Example 1
The invention is applied to smelting stainless steel in a 70t TSR converter, and pure O is blown by a top-blown oxygen lance in the oxidation period2And O2、CO2And N2Mixed gas of (2), top-blown O2The flow rate is 55-140 Nm3Min, top-blown CO2The flow rate is 0-40 Nm3Min, top-blown N2The flow rate is 0-60 Nm3Min; bottom blowing oxygen lance blowing O2、CO2And N2Mixed gas of (2), bottom-blown O2The flow rate is 15-45 Nm3Min, bottom blowing CO2The flow rate is 5-15 Nm3Min, bottom blowing N2The flow rate is 0-65 Nm3And/min. In the stage of reduction period, a bottom blowing oxygen lance is used for blowing Ar and CO2With a bottom-blown Ar flow rate of 38Nm3Min, bottom blowing CO2Flow rateIs 2Nm3And/min. The specific blowing parameters are shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The specific smelting process comprises the following steps:
(1) and after the smelting raw materials are added, the lower top oxygen blowing lance starts smelting. In the stage of DEC 1-DEC 3 in 0-20 min, a top-blown oxygen lance is used for blowing pure O2At a flow rate of 140Nm3Min; blowing O of bottom blowing spray gun2And CO2Flow rates of 45Nm respectively3Min and 15Nm3/min。
(2) 20-24 min, DEC4 stage, top blowing oxygen lance blowing O2And CO2The flow rates are 100 Nm respectively3Min and 40Nm3Min; blowing O of bottom blowing spray gun2、CO2And N2The flow rates are respectively 30Nm3/min、 15Nm3Min and 15Nm3/min。
(3) Blowing oxygen by a top-blown oxygen lance at the DEC5 stage for 24-28 min2、CO2And N2At a flow rate of 55 Nm respectively3/min、25Nm3Min and 60Nm3Min; blowing O of bottom blowing spray gun2、CO2And N2The flow rates are respectively 30Nm3/min、15Nm3Min and 15Nm3/min。
(4) 28-42 min, DEC6 stage, starting from this stage, stopping blowing by the top-blowing oxygen lance, and blowing O by the bottom-blowing oxygen lance2、CO2And N2Flow rates of 25Nm, respectively3/min、10Nm3Min and 50Nm3/min。
(5) Blowing O by a bottom blowing spray gun at the stage of DEC7 for 42-54 min2、CO2And N2The flow rates are respectively 15Nm3/min、5Nm3Min and 65Nm3/min。
(6) 54-70 min, in the reduction period, adding other qualified slag making materials of the ferrosilicon alloy, and blowing Ar and CO by a bottom blowing spray gun2The flow rates are respectively 38Nm3Min and 2Nm3/min。
By adopting the method, the yield of chromium metal is improved by 3%, the smelting period is shortened by 5-8 min, and the production cost per ton of steel is 10-15 yuan.
Example 2
The invention is applied to smelting stainless steel in a 120t TSR converter, and pure O is blown by a top-blown oxygen lance in the oxidation period2And O2、CO2And N2Mixed gas of (2), top-blown O2The flow rate is 70-180 Nm3Min, top-blown CO2The flow rate is 0 to 50Nm3Min, top-blown N2The flow rate is 0 to 80Nm3Min; bottom blowing oxygen lance blowing O2、CO2And N2Mixed gas of (2), bottom-blown O2The flow rate is 16-50 Nm3Min, bottom blowing CO2The flow rate is 9-30 Nm3Min, bottom blowing N2The flow rate is 0 to 80Nm3And/min. In the stage of reduction period, a bottom blowing oxygen lance is used for blowing Ar and CO2With a bottom-blown Ar flow of 50Nm3Min, bottom blowing CO2The flow rate is 5Nm3And/min. The specific blowing parameters are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
The specific smelting process comprises the following steps:
(1) and after the smelting raw materials are added, the lower top oxygen blowing lance starts smelting. In the stage of DEC 1-DEC 3 in 0-22 min, blowing pure O by a top blowing oxygen lance2At a flow rate of 180Nm3Min; blowing O of bottom blowing spray gun2And CO2At a flow rate of 50Nm respectively3Min and 30Nm3/min。
(2) Blowing O by a top-blown oxygen lance at the stage of DEC4 within 22-27 min2And CO2The flow rates are 130 Nm respectively3Min and 50Nm3Min; blowing O of bottom blowing spray gun2、CO2And N2Flow rates of 40Nm each3/min、 20Nm3Min and 20Nm3/min。
(3) Injecting O into a top-blown oxygen lance at the stage of DEC5 in 27-32 min2、CO2And N2The flow rates are respectively 70 Nm3/min、30Nm3Min and 80Nm3Min; blowing O of bottom blowing spray gun2、CO2And N2At a flow rate of 35Nm each3/min、20Nm3Min and 25Nm3/min。
(4) 32-46 min, DEC6 stage, starting from this stage, stopping blowing by the top-blowing oxygen lance, and blowing O by the bottom-blowing oxygen lance2、CO2And N2The flow rates are respectively 30Nm3/min、15Nm3Min and 60Nm3/min。
(5) 46-56 min, DEC7 stage, blowing O by a bottom blowing spray gun2、CO2And N2The flow rates are respectively 16 Nm3/min、9Nm3Min and 80Nm3/min。
(6) 56-74 min, in the reduction period, adding other qualified slag making materials of the ferrosilicon alloy, and blowing Ar and CO by a bottom blowing spray gun2At a flow rate of 50Nm respectively3Min and 5Nm3/min。
By adopting the method, the yield of chromium metal is improved by 2-4%, the smelting period is shortened by 6-9 min, and the production cost per ton of steel is 13-18 yuan.
Claims (5)
1. TSR furnace top bottom combined blowing CO2The method for smelting stainless steel is characterized in that the TSR smelting process is divided into an oxidation period and a reduction period, wherein the oxidation period is divided into seven stages including DEC 1-DEC 7; in the stage of DEC 1-DEC 3, the top-blown oxygen lance only blows O2To rapidly decarbonize and heat the molten pool, and a bottom blowing spray gun blows O2And CO2The mixed gas assists in decarburization and strengthens the stirring of a molten pool; in the DEC4 and DEC5 stages, top-blown oxygen lances are blown with O separately2With CO2Mixed gas of (2) and (O)2、CO2And N2The mixed gas of/Ar properly reduces the temperature of the upper part of the furnace body, reduces the high-temperature melting loss of the slag line part, improves the kinetic transmission condition between slag and steel, and simultaneously, the bottom blowing spray gun sprays O in the DEC4 and DEC5 stages2、CO2And N2The mixed gas of/Ar reduces the CO partial pressure of the molten pool, promotes the decarburization reaction of the molten pool, and reduces the oxidation burning loss of Cr in the molten steel; in the DEC6 and DEC7 stages, the top-blown oxygen lance stops blowing air, and the bottom-blown lance blows O2、CO2And N2Mixed gas of/Ar, properly reduced O2In proportion, deep decarburization is carried out, and high-temperature melting loss of a furnace bottom refractory material is reduced; in the reduction period, Ar and CO are injected by a bottom blowing spray gun2The mixed gas reduces the oxidability of a molten pool and promotes Cr in slag2O3Reduction of (2);
the oxidation period DEC 1ESeven stages of O in DEC72、CO2And N2The blowing ratio/Ar is specifically as follows:
DEC 1-DEC 3 stage, the gas injected by the top-blown oxygen lance is 100% of O2O in the gas blown by the bottom-blowing lance250-75% of CO2The proportion is 25 to 50 percent, the decarburization reaction of the molten pool is rapidly carried out to reach the proper temperature condition for the decarburization and chromium retention reaction, and CO is mixed into the bottom blowing gas2Reduction of O2The corrosion of the bottom blowing spray gun is reduced in proportion;
DEC4 stage, O in gas blown by top-blown oxygen lance260-90% of CO2The proportion is 10-40%, and O in the gas blown by the bottom blowing spray gun240-60% of CO2The proportion is 20-30 percent, N2The ratio of Ar to CO is 10-40%, and a certain proportion of CO is mixed into the top-blown oxygen lance2By means of CO2The heat absorption effect of the furnace reduces the temperature of the upper part of the furnace body, and reduces the high-temperature melting loss of the slag line and the refractory material at the nearby part;
DEC5 stage, O in gas blown by top-blown oxygen lance230-40% of CO2The proportion is 20-30 percent, N2The ratio of Ar to O is 30-50%, and the gas blown by the bottom blowing spray gun contains O230-50% of CO2The proportion is 20-30 percent, N2The proportion of/Ar is 20-50 percent, and the O blown by the top-blown oxygen lance is reduced on the basis of the parameters of DEC4 stage2Ratio of mixing a certain amount of N2Ar, reducing CO partial pressure in a top reaction zone, and promoting decarbonization and chromium retention reaction;
at the stage of DEC6, stopping blowing the top-blown oxygen lance, and blowing O in the gas blown by the bottom-blown oxygen lance2The proportion of CO is 25-30 percent2The ratio is 0-15%, N2The ratio of Ar to Ar is 55-75%, when the carbon content in the molten pool is reduced to below 0.4%, only bottom blowing O is used2And CO2Deep decarburization is carried out and bottom blowing CO is utilized2Strengthening the stirring of the molten pool, improving the reaction kinetic conditions of the molten pool and increasing N in bottom blowing2The proportion of/Ar, the partial pressure of CO in the molten pool is reduced, so that the decarbonization and chromium retention reaction is continuously carried out;
at the stage of DEC7, the stage,the top-blown oxygen lance does not blow air, and the bottom-blown oxygen lance blows O in the air215-20% of CO2The ratio is 0-10%, N2The proportion of Ar/65-85 percent, and the O is reduced on the basis of DEC6 stage parameters2And CO2By increasing the ratio of (1) to (2)2The proportion of Ar is used for avoiding the over oxidation of a molten pool, further reducing the CO partial pressure in the molten pool and reducing the oxidation and burning loss of Cr in molten steel.
2. A TSR roof bottom CO-blown according to claim 12The method for smelting stainless steel is characterized in that in the reduction period, the bottom blowing spray gun stops blowing O2Blowing only Ar and CO2Wherein the ratio of Ar is 80-100%, and CO2The proportion is 0-20%.
3. A TSR roof bottom reblowing CO according to any one of claims 1-22A method for smelting stainless steel, characterized in that O is2、CO2And N2The gas proportion of the/Ar mixed gas is adjusted by each gas pipeline through a flow control valve, the mixed gas enters the gas mixing bag to be uniformly mixed and then is blown into a pipeline connected with a bottom blowing spray gun, and then the mixed gas is sprayed into the furnace through the bottom blowing spray gun.
4. A TSR roof bottom reblowing CO according to any one of claims 1-22The method for smelting stainless steel is characterized in that the smelting raw material suitable for the method is dephosphorized molten iron or stainless steel mother liquor, and any two or more than two of high-carbon ferrochrome, low-carbon ferrochrome, stainless steel scrap and chrome ore are added.
5. A TSR roof bottom reblowing CO according to any one of claims 1-22The method for smelting stainless steel is characterized in that the method can realize the process of refining the stainless steel mother liquor into the stainless steel product, and also can realize the continuous process of firstly refining molten iron into the stainless steel mother liquor and then refining the stainless steel mother liquor into the stainless steel product.
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