CN111850240A - Method for smelting austenitic stainless steel by blowing carbon dioxide into AOD converter - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
- C21C7/0685—Decarburising of stainless steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
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Abstract
The invention provides an AOD converter for blowing CO2A method for smelting austenitic stainless steel comprises adding molten iron, decarbonizing, reducing and desulfurizing, wherein the decarbonizing comprises 7 stages, and CO is blown by an inner side gun air gun from a dynamic decarbonizing period 2 to a dynamic decarbonizing period 52Substitution of 50% N2According to the initial smelting conditions, the method adopts CO with different contents in different decarburization stages2And O2The mixed blowing mode is carried out, the requirements of the converter on the silicon content and the temperature in the pre-melted molten iron are reduced, the large slag amount and the molten steel pollution caused by excessive addition of raw burnt dolomite and lime can be further avoided, the resource utilization of carbon dioxide is realized to a certain extent, and the steel smelting is reducedAnd (5) refining cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stainless steel smelting, and relates to an AOD converter for blowing CO2A method for smelting austenitic stainless steel.
Background
The stainless steel smelting process has CO2A large amount of emissions, high energy consumption, and high cost, and therefore, there is a growing need for steel materialsThe market competition is in the field, Chinese iron and steel enterprises must master the low-cost production technology as soon as possible, achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, high efficiency and economy, and have the production capacity and scale as soon as possible, and break through the traditional smelting process, develop new processes, save energy and reduce consumption, and become the concerns of stainless steel manufacturers more and more.
The carbon dioxide occupies a large proportion in the metallurgical gas emission, so how to reduce the emission of the carbon dioxide and comprehensively utilize the carbon dioxide as a resource has attracted attention of domestic and foreign metallurgy scholars and made a preliminary progress, and nowadays, the carbon dioxide can be partially applied to a metallurgical production process, so that the resource utilization of the carbon dioxide is realized to a certain extent and the steel smelting cost can be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide an AOD converter for blowing CO2The method for smelting austenitic stainless steel solves the problems of low resource utilization rate of carbon dioxide and higher steelmaking cost in the existing steel smelting process.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for smelting austenitic stainless steel by blowing CO2 in an AOD converter comprises the following steps:
a. adding molten iron: injecting molten iron with the melting temperature of 1450-1500 ℃ melted by an electric furnace into the AOD converter, wherein the molten iron comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
c: 2.00-2.50%, Si: 0.40-0.70%, Mn: 0.10-0.20%, P: less than or equal to 0.043%, S: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Cr: 8.0-9.0%, Ni: 8.00-8.30 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
b. Decarbonization: lime is added in the decarbonization stage, and the total amount of lime added is 10-12kg/t steel.
Firstly, a silicon-aluminum oxidation period: top lance oxygen flow 100-120Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 100-3Min, nitrogen flow 30-40Nm3The blowing time is 2-3min, light-burned dolomite is added during the blowing period, and the addition amount of the light-burned dolomite is 2-3kg/t steel;
② main decarburization period: top lance oxygen flow 100-120Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 100-3Min, nitrogen flow 30-40Nm3The blowing time is 2-3 min;
③ dynamic decarburization period 1: top lance oxygen flow 100-120Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 100-3Min, nitrogen flow 30-40Nm3The blowing time is 3-4 min;
fourthly, a dynamic decarburization period 2: side lance oxygen flow rate of 60-70Nm3Min, side gun nitrogen flow 10-20Nm3Min, side gun carbon dioxide flow 10-20Nm3The blowing time is 25-30min, and 20-22 kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome is added during the blowing time;
dynamic decarburization period 3: side lance oxygen flow of 30-40Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 30-40Nm3Min, side gun carbon dioxide flow 30-40Nm3The blowing time is 8-10 min;
sixthly, the dynamic decarburization period is 4: side lance oxygen flow rate of 20-30Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 40-50Nm3Min, side gun carbon dioxide flow 40-50Nm 3The blowing time is 6-8 min;
and the dynamic decarburization period is 5: side lance oxygen flow rate of 10-20Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 40-50Nm3Min, side gun carbon dioxide flow 40-50Nm3The blowing time is 6-8 min;
c. reduction: when the carbon content is reduced to below 0.025 percent, the reduction stage is carried out, the reduction temperature is controlled to be 1680-1720 ℃, the slag alkalinity is controlled to be 1.8-2.0, and the side-blown argon flow is 100-110Nm3Adding 18-20 kg/t ferrosilicon of molten steel and 18-20 kg/t silicomanganese of molten steel into an AOD furnace for reduction, wherein the reduction time is 5-6min, and deslagging to the maximum extent after the stage is finished, and the deslagging time is 5-6 min;
d. and (3) desulfurization: side-blown argon flow of 100-110Nm3Min, controlling the slag alkalinity in the AOD converter to be 2.2-2.5 by adding lime, desulfurizing for 5-6min, sampling and analyzing the content of alloy elements in the molten steel, and adjusting Si, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni in the molten steel by adding ferrosilicon, silicomanganese, ferrochrome and metallic nickel according to the test result,Cr and Ni, and keeping the steel tapping components as follows: c: 0.03-0.045%, Si: 0.30-0.50%, Mn: 1.00-1.30%, P: 0.043%, S: less than or equal to 0.002%, Cr: 18.0-18.30%, Ni: 8.00-8.30%, N: 0.04-0.055%, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the initial smelting conditions, different stages are selected to adopt CO2And O2The mixed blowing mode is carried out, the molten steel temperature in the smelting process is strictly controlled, the requirement of the converter on the silicon content in the pre-molten iron can be reduced, the charge level (high carbon and high silicon) ferrochrome consumption is properly increased in smelting, the large slag amount and the molten steel pollution caused by raw burning dolomite and excessive addition of lime can be further avoided, the middle-stage slag amount is reduced, the absolute amount of chromium oxide dissolved in slag is reduced, the reduction effect of the converter is improved while the loss of the furnace lining in the reduction stage is reduced, and the purposes of improving the yield of iron elements, prolonging the service life of the furnace lining of the converter and reducing the production cost are achieved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described below with reference to the implementation methods.
Example 1
Smelting steel: 304 austenitic stainless steel, the smelting steps are as follows:
a. adding molten iron: 90t of molten iron which is melted by an electric furnace and has the temperature of 1450 ℃ is poured into an AOD converter, and the molten iron comprises the chemical components of 2.00 percent of C, 0.40 percent of Si, 0.10 percent of Mn, 0.043 percent of P, 0.10 percent of S, 9.0 percent of Cr, 8.00 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities according to the mass percentage;
b. Decarbonization: lime is added in the decarburization stage, and the total amount of the lime added is 10kg/t steel;
firstly, a silicon-aluminum oxidation period: top lance oxygen flow 100Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 100Nm3Min, nitrogen flow 30Nm3The blowing time is 2min, the adding amount of light-burned dolomite is 2kg/t steel, and 180kg of light-burned dolomite is added;
② main decarburization period: top lance oxygen flow 100Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 100Nm3Min, nitrogen flow 30Nm3The blowing time is 2 min;
③ dynamic decarburization period 1: top lance oxygen flow 100Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 100Nm3Min, nitrogen flow 30Nm3The blowing time is 3 min;
fourthly, a dynamic decarburization period 2: side lance oxygen flow 60Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 10Nm3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 10Nm3The blowing time is 25min, during which 20 kg/t of steel of high-carbon ferrochrome is added, 1800kg of high-carbon ferrochrome is added before the end of the stage, and the high-carbon ferrochrome is added into the molten steel from the collecting bin in batches;
dynamic decarburization period 3: side lance oxygen flow 30Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 30Nm3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 30Nm3The blowing time is 8 min;
sixthly, the dynamic decarburization period is 4: side lance oxygen flow 20Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 40Nm 3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 40Nm3Respectively blowing for 6 min;
and the dynamic decarburization period is 5: side lance oxygen flow 10Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 40Nm3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 40Nm3Respectively blowing for 6 min;
c. reduction: when the carbon content is reduced to below 0.025 percent, the reduction stage is carried out, the reduction temperature is controlled to be 1680 ℃, the slag alkalinity is controlled to be 1.8, and the side-blown argon flow is 100Nm3Adding 18 kg/t ferrosilicon and 18 kg/t silicon-manganese alloy into the AOD furnace for reduction, wherein the reduction time is 5min, and the slag is poured to the maximum extent after the reduction is finished, and the slag pouring time is 5 min;
d. and (3) desulfurization: side-blown argon flow 100Nm3Min, controlling the slag alkalinity in the AOD converter to be 2.2 by adding 1.0 kg/t lime, desulfurizing for 5min, sampling and analyzing the content of alloy elements in molten steel, and adjusting the components of Si, Mn, Cr and Ni in the molten steel by adding ferrosilicon, silicomanganese, ferrochrome and metallic nickel according to the test result, wherein the tapping components are C0.03%, Si 0.30%, Mn 1.00%, P0.043 percent of S, 0.002 percent of S, 18.0 percent of Cr, 8.00 percent of Ni, 0.04 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Example 2
Smelting steel: 304 austenitic stainless steel, the smelting steps are as follows:
a. Adding molten iron: injecting 95t molten iron which is melted by an electric furnace and has the temperature of 1500 ℃ into an AOD converter, wherein the molten iron comprises the chemical components of 2.50% of C, 0.70% of Si, 0.20% of Mn, 0.040% of P, 0.08% of S, 8.0% of Cr, 8.30% of Ni and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities by mass percent;
b. decarbonization: lime is added in the decarburization stage, and the total amount of the lime added is 12kg/t steel;
firstly, a silicon-aluminum oxidation period: top lance oxygen flow 120Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 110Nm3Min, nitrogen flow 40Nm3The blowing time is 3min, the adding amount of light-burned dolomite is 3kg/t steel, and 285kg light-burned dolomite is added;
② main decarburization period: top lance oxygen flow 120Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 110Nm3Min, nitrogen flow 40Nm3The blowing time is 3 min;
③ dynamic decarburization period 1: top lance oxygen flow 120Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 110Nm3Min, nitrogen flow 40Nm3The blowing time is 4 min;
fourthly, a dynamic decarburization period 2: side lance oxygen flow 70Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 20Nm3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 20Nm3The blowing time is 30min, 22 kg/t of steel high-carbon ferrochrome is added during the period, 2090kg of high-carbon ferrochrome is added before the end of the period, and the high-carbon ferrochrome is added into the molten steel from the collecting bin in batches;
Dynamic decarburization period 3: side lance oxygen flow 40Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 40Nm3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 40Nm3The blowing time is 10 min;
sixthly, the dynamic decarburization period is 4: side lance oxygen flow 30Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 50Nm3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 50Nm3Blowing for a minuteThe refining time is respectively 8 min;
and the dynamic decarburization period is 5: side lance oxygen flow 20Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 50Nm3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 50Nm3Respectively blowing for 8 min;
c. reduction: when the carbon content is reduced to below 0.025 percent, the reduction stage is carried out, the reduction temperature is controlled to 1720 ℃, the slag alkalinity is controlled to 2.0, and the side-blown argon flow is 110Nm3Adding ferrosilicon of 20 kg/t molten steel and silicon-manganese alloy of 20 kg/t molten steel into the AOD furnace for reduction, wherein the reduction time is 6min, and deslagging to the maximum extent is finished at the stage, and the deslagging time is 6 min;
d. and (3) desulfurization: side-blown argon flow 110Nm3And/min, controlling the slag alkalinity in the AOD converter to be 2.5 by adding 1.2 kg/t lime, controlling the desulfurization time to be 6min, sampling and analyzing the content of alloy elements in molten steel, and adjusting the components of Si, Mn, Cr and Ni in the molten steel by adding ferrosilicon, silicomanganese, ferrochrome and metallic nickel according to the test result, wherein the tapping components are kept to be 0.045% of C, 0.50% of Si, 1.30% of Mn, 0.040% of P, 0.0015% of S, 18.3% of Cr, 8.30% of Ni, 0.055% of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Example 3
Smelting steel: 304 austenitic stainless steel, the smelting steps are as follows:
a. adding molten iron: injecting 92t molten iron which is melted by an electric furnace and has the temperature of 1460 ℃ into an AOD converter, wherein the molten iron comprises the chemical components of 2.2% of C, 0.50% of Si, 0.15% of Mn, 0.035% of P, 0.09% of S, 8.50% of Cr, 8.1% of Ni and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities by mass percent;
b. decarbonization: lime is added in the decarburization stage, and the total amount of the lime added is 11kg/t steel;
firstly, a silicon-aluminum oxidation period: top lance oxygen flow 110Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 105Nm3Min, nitrogen flow 35Nm3Blowing for 3.5min, adding light-burned dolomite of 2.4kg/t steel and light-burned dolomite of 220.8 kg;
② main decarburization period: top lance oxygen flow 110Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow105Nm3Min, nitrogen flow 35Nm3The blowing time is 2.5 min;
③ dynamic decarburization period 1: top lance oxygen flow 110Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 105Nm3Min, nitrogen flow 35Nm3The blowing time is 3.5 min;
fourthly, a dynamic decarburization period 2: side lance oxygen flow 65Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 15Nm3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 15Nm3The blowing time is 26min, 21 kg/t of steel high-carbon ferrochrome is added during the period, 1932kg of high-carbon ferrochrome is added before the end of the period, and the high-carbon ferrochrome is added into the molten steel from the collecting bin in batches;
Dynamic decarburization period 3: side lance oxygen flow 35Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 35Nm3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 35Nm3The blowing time is 10 min;
sixthly, the dynamic decarburization period is 4: side lance oxygen flow 25Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 45Nm3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 45Nm3The blowing time is 8 min;
and the dynamic decarburization period is 5: side lance oxygen flow 25Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 45Nm3Min, side lance carbon dioxide flow 45Nm3Respectively blowing for 7 min;
c. reduction: side gun argon flow 105Nm3When the carbon content is reduced to be below 0.025 percent, entering a reduction stage, controlling the temperature to be 1700 ℃, controlling the alkalinity of slag to be 1.9, adding 19 kg/t of ferrosilicon of molten steel and 19.2 kg/t of silicon-manganese alloy of the molten steel into an AOD furnace for reduction, wherein the reduction time is 5min, and the slag is poured to the maximum extent after the stage is finished, and the slag pouring time is 5 min;
d. and (3) desulfurization: side gun argon flow 105Nm3Adding 1.1 kg/t lime for controlling the slag alkalinity in the AOD converter to be 2.4, desulfurizing for 6min, sampling and analyzing the content of alloy elements in the molten steel, adjusting the components of Si, Mn, Cr and Ni in the molten steel by adding ferrosilicon, silicon-manganese alloy, ferrochrome and metallic nickel according to the test result, and keeping the tapping components to be 0.040% of C, 0.40% of Si, 1.10% of Mn, 0.035% of P and 0% of S 0016%, Cr 18.1%, Ni 8.10%, N0.045%, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
By adopting the method, the contents of TFe (total iron) and chromium sesquioxide in the slag after AOD reduction are greatly reduced. As shown in the following table in particular,
| heat of furnace | TFe | SiO2 | CaO | MgO | Al2O3 | Cr2O3 |
| Example 1 | 0.13 | 27.66 | 60.19 | 6.51 | 1.48 | 0.08 |
| Example 2 | 0.16 | 27.98 | 60.35 | 6.02 | 1.23 | 0.22 |
| Example 3 | 0.12 | 28.66 | 60.19 | 6.22 | 1.07 | 0.14 |
Claims (1)
1. AOD converter blowing CO2The method for smelting austenitic stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. adding molten iron: injecting molten iron with the melting temperature of 1450-1500 ℃ melted by an electric furnace into the AOD converter, wherein the molten iron comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
c: 2.00-2.50%, Si: 0.40-0.70%, Mn: 0.10-0.20%, P: less than or equal to 0.043%, S: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Cr: 8.0-9.0%, Ni: 8.00-8.30 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
b. decarbonization: lime is added in the decarburization stage, and the total amount of lime added is 10-12kg/t steel;
firstly, a silicon-aluminum oxidation period: top lance oxygen flow 100-120Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 100-3Min, nitrogen flow 30-40Nm3The blowing time is 2-3min, light-burned dolomite is added during the blowing period, and the addition amount of the light-burned dolomite is 2-3kg/t steel;
② main decarburization period: top lance oxygen flow 100-120Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 100- 3Min, nitrogen flow 30-40Nm3The blowing time is 2-3 min;
③ dynamic decarburization period 1: top lance oxygen flow 100-120Nm3Min, side lance oxygen flow 100-3Min, nitrogen flow 30-40Nm3The blowing time is 3-4 min;
fourthly, a dynamic decarburization period 2: side lance oxygen flow rate of 60-70Nm3Min, side gun nitrogenGas flow 10-20Nm3Min, side gun carbon dioxide flow 10-20Nm3The blowing time is 25-30min, and 20-22 kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome is added during the blowing time;
dynamic decarburization period 3: side lance oxygen flow of 30-40Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 30-40Nm3Min, side gun carbon dioxide flow 30-40Nm3The blowing time is 8-10 min;
sixthly, the dynamic decarburization period is 4: side lance oxygen flow rate of 20-30Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 40-50Nm3Min, side gun carbon dioxide flow 40-50Nm3The blowing time is 6-8 min;
and the dynamic decarburization period is 5: side lance oxygen flow rate of 10-20Nm3Min, side lance nitrogen flow 40-50Nm3Min, side gun carbon dioxide flow 40-50Nm3The blowing time is 6-8 min;
c. reduction: when the carbon content is reduced to below 0.025 percent, the reduction stage is carried out, the reduction temperature is controlled to be 1680-1720 ℃, the slag alkalinity is controlled to be 1.8-2.0, and the side-blown argon flow is 100-110Nm 3Adding 18-20 kg/t ferrosilicon of molten steel and 18-20 kg/t silicomanganese of molten steel into an AOD furnace for reduction, wherein the reduction time is 5-6min, and deslagging to the maximum extent after the stage is finished, and the deslagging time is 5-6 min;
d. and (3) desulfurization: side-blown argon flow of 100-110Nm3And/min, controlling the alkalinity of slag in the AOD converter to be 2.2-2.5 by adding lime, controlling the desulfurization time to be 5-6min, sampling and analyzing the content of alloy elements in molten steel, adjusting the components of Si, Mn, Cr and Ni in the molten steel by adding ferrosilicon, silicomanganese, ferrochrome and metallic nickel according to an assay result, and keeping the tapping components as follows: c: 0.03-0.045%, Si: 0.30-0.50%, Mn: 1.00-1.30%, P: 0.043%, S: less than or equal to 0.002%, Cr: 18.0-18.30%, Ni: 8.00-8.30%, N: 0.04-0.055%, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112680565A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-20 | 北京科技大学 | By using CO in AOD furnace2Method for smelting high-manganese stainless steel by decarburization |
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Application publication date: 20201030 |