CN101565792B - Method for smelting boron steel - Google Patents
Method for smelting boron steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN101565792B CN101565792B CN2009100119147A CN200910011914A CN101565792B CN 101565792 B CN101565792 B CN 101565792B CN 2009100119147 A CN2009100119147 A CN 2009100119147A CN 200910011914 A CN200910011914 A CN 200910011914A CN 101565792 B CN101565792 B CN 101565792B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for smelting boron steel, which comprises the following steps: using boracic molten iron after separating and extracting B2O3 from paigeite in a blast furnace as a raw material, and performing pre-desulfurization and pre-desilicification to obtain boracic molten semisteel; filling the boracic molten semisteel into a converter, and adding a slag former into the converter; performing oxygen-supplied smelting for 15 to 21 minutes to obtain molten boron steel; and adding silicon, manganese and carbon into the molten boron steel, controlling the tapping temperatureto between 1,560 and 1,610 DEG C, and pouring the molten boron steel into steel ingots to obtain the boron steel. The novel process for smelting the boron steel developed by the invention is reasonable, simple and convenient, the boron is distributed in the steel evenly and the performance of the steel is stable; and the method opens up a novel application route for the comprehensive developmentand application of the paigeite, particularly for low-grade paigeite.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, particularly a kind of method of smelting boron steel.
Background technology
The boron of trace (0.0005%～0.0035%) in the steel can improve the hardening capacity of steel, not damaging under plasticity and the toughness, can increase substantially the intensity of steel.Therefore, boron steel has obtained widespread use at many industrial circles such as automobile, tractor, dozer, mine car, transportation by railroad, heavy-duty machinery, boats and ships, lathe, bridge construction, electric power, oil and mines.The development boron steel can also be saved noble metal resources such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten in a large number.
The method of tradition smelting boron steel is in the steel-making later stage, by adding the abundant deoxidation of aluminium, adds the abundant fixed nitrogens of iron alloy such as titanium, zirconium, and then adding ferro-boron again turns to the major technique feature.This smelting process needs strict control respectively go on foot operating procedure, so that the homogeneity that the recovery rate of boron, boron distribute in steel and the performance of steel reach requirement.Be different from above-mentioned traditional boron steel smelting process, patent 200410050358.1 has reported with the boracic molten iron to be the method for the direct smelting boron steel of raw material.The boracic molten iron is to adopt blast furnace to separate paigeite to extract B
2O
3The time a kind of natural boracic metallic product that obtains, boron distribution uniform therein.This method has made full use of the paigeite resource of China's abundant, the low and distribution uniform of boron in steel of smelting cost; But, because silicon and sulphur content are all very high in the boracic molten iron, be respectively 2.0%～2.5% and 0.06%～0.1%, be about 4 times and 3 times of general molten iron respectively, so cause the quantity of slag that produces in the steelmaking process very big, reduced the smelting economic target widely, also caused the terminal point composition wayward, particularly the content of boron departs from than the boron steel standard value.In addition, this method is owing to the boron (B that enters in the slag
2O
3) grade is low, is difficult to be utilized economically again, this also is one of its shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned be the technological deficiency that the direct smelting boron steel of raw material exists with the boracic molten iron, the invention provides that a kind of what improved is the novel method of raw material smelting boron steel with the boracic molten iron, it is in the technology of feedstock production boron steel that purpose is to solve with the boracic molten iron, the big and uppity problem of terminal point composition of the quantity of slag of generation.
Method of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:
1, pre-desulfurization is handled:
With paigeite through blast furnace separation and Extraction B
2O
3After the boracic molten iron be raw material, adopt the method for powder injection desulphurization; Blowing desulfurization agent in the boracic molten iron, boracic molten iron temperature are 1350～1450 ℃, and desulfurization time is 6～18min; After desulfurization was handled, the sulphur content in the boracic molten iron was reduced to and is not more than 0.01wt%, obtained desulfurization boracic molten iron.
The composite desulfurizing agent that above-mentioned sweetening agent selects for use quickened lime, calcium carbide powder or magnesium powder and quickened lime to form; Wherein when sweetening agent was composite desulfurizing agent, its composition is a quickened lime by weight: magnesium powder=1: 1～1.5, consumption were 1.5～2kg/t boracic molten iron; When sweetening agent is quickened lime, in the boracic molten iron, add metallic aluminium in advance, add-on be in the boracic molten iron gross weight 0.1～0.2%, the quickened lime of jetting then, the winding-up amount is 10～13kg/t boracic molten iron; When sweetening agent was calcium carbide powder, consumption was 6～8kg/t boracic molten iron.
2, pre-desiliconization is handled:
The desulfurization boracic molten iron that obtains is passed through the desiliconization of submerged lance oxygen blowing method, or adopt the desiliconization of solid oxidation agent method.
Submerged lance oxygen blast desiliconization step is: to the molten iron oxygen blast of desulfurization boracic and add flux, oxygen blow duration is 12～18min, and oxygen blast intensity is 0.8～2L/minkg; The desiliconization rate is not less than 90%, obtains boracic half steel water; Wherein flux is by quickened lime, iron scale and fluorite (CaF
2) form, iron scale accounts for 20～40% of flux gross weight, and fluorite accounts for 2～4% of flux gross weight, and all the other are quickened lime; The flux consumption is 15～20kg/t desulfurization boracic molten iron.
Solid oxidizing agent desiliconization step is: add solid oxidizing agent to desulfurization boracic molten iron, add-on is 160～190kg/t desulfurization boracic molten iron, stirring mixes solid oxidizing agent and desulfurization boracic molten iron, churning time is 20～22min, stirring velocity is 120～160r/min, intermittently take desiliconization slag off, obtain boracic half steel water, the desiliconization rate is not less than 90%.Wherein solid oxidizing agent is made up of ferriferous oxide and quickened lime, and the oxygen element weight content in the solid oxidizing agent is 22～26%.
Above-mentioned ferriferous oxide is for containing Fe
2O
3And Fe
3O
4Iron oxide material, comprise iron scale, agglomerate and/or fine iron breeze.
The composition of the boracic half steel water that obtains is by weight percentage for containing C 3.0～3.4%, Si 0.15～0.6%, B 0.02～0.07%, Mn 0.07～0.09%, P 0.04～0.07%, S≤0.01%, surplus is Fe, is the raw material that is fit to the converter smelting boron steel.
3, smelting boron steel water:
The boracic half steel water that obtains being packed in the converter, add slag former, is 2～3m at oxygen supply intensity then
3Under/mint the condition, smelt 15～21min, obtain boron steel water.
Described slag former is by lime, iron scale and fluorite (CaF
2) form, the weight ratio of lime and iron scale is a lime in the slag former: iron scale=3～5: 1, and fluorite accounts for 0～3% of slag former gross weight; The add-on of lime is calculated as follows in the boracic half steel water:
In the formula, w (Si): the weight % content of Si in the boracic half steel water;
W (CaO)
Effectively: lime effective CaO weight % content;
W (CaO)
Effectively=w (CaO)
Lime-R * w (SiO
2)
Lime(2)
W (CaO)
Lime: CaO weight % content in the lime;
W (SiO
2)
Lime: SiO in the lime
2Weight % content;
R: basicity of slag, R=w (CaO)/w (SiO
2); (3)
Its scope is controlled at 2.5～3.0; Wherein w (CaO) is a CaO weight content in the slag, w (SiO
2) be SiO in the slag
2Weight content.
The boron steel water constituent that obtains is C 0.1～0.2% by weight percentage, and Si 0.02～0.05%, and B 0.001～0.006%, Mn0.04～0.06%, and P≤0.02%, S≤0.01%, surplus is Fe.
4, preparation boron steel:
With the boron steel water deoxygenation that obtains, according to requirement adding silicon, manganese and the carbon of boron steel set component, tapping temperature is controlled at 1560～1610 ℃, pours into steel ingot, obtains common boron steel; Perhaps after adding silicon, manganese and carbon, add iron alloys such as Cr-Fe, V-Fe, Ti-Fe, Mo-Fe, W-Fe, Nb-Fe again, pour into steel ingot, obtain low boron alloyed steel.
Above-mentioned deoxygenation step adopts conventional method of deoxidation: adopt oxygen activity instrumentation amount boron oxygen activity of molten steel, carry out deoxidation according to oxygen activity adding aluminium or manganeseirom.
In the preliminary molten steel that present method obtains, the content of boron and impurity (sulphur and phosphorus) all satisfies the requirement of boron steel among the GB GB/T3077-1999.By aluminum deoxidation, and, adjust manganese content in the alloy, reach composition in the control steel, to satisfy the chemical ingredients requirement of common boron steel according to manganese, silicon, carbon content requirement calculating adding manganeseirom, silicomanganese and carbon in the boron steel.
The present invention is a raw material with the boracic molten iron, carries out desiliconization again after handling by pre-desulfurization and handles, and obtains boracic half steel water, blows into boron steel water then in converter, obtains the boron steel product after deoxidation and composition adjustment, need not to add ferro-boron.Through the comprehensive mechanical property test, the tensile strength of boron steel product, yield strength, unit elongation, test results such as relative reduction in area and impact absorbing energy satisfy the GB requirement fully.
The present invention has directly utilized the abundant paigeite in source, through blast furnace separation and Extraction B
2O
3After natural boracic molten iron as raw material, two taking off (pre-desulfurization, pre-desiliconization) process for producing steel and iron flow process smelting boron steel by the modern times, reduced the smelting cost of boron steel, simultaneously owing to carried out two pre-treatment of taking off, during the preparation molten steel in the terminal point control process boron component be easier to control.The boron steel novel process for smelting that the present invention developed is reasonable, easy, and boron distribution uniform in steel, the stable performance of steel; Simultaneously, by pre-desiliconization step, the boron in also can the enrichment most of molten iron enters in the desiliconization slag, and desiliconization slag can become further extraction boron (B
2O
3) or be used to smelt the Fe-Si-B alloy materials.So the present invention has opened up new application approach for further comprehensive development and utilization paigeite especially low-grade paigeite.This project belongs to national high-tech research evolutionary operation(EVOP) (863) subject study achievement, and project name is called " exploitation of boracic wear-resisting alloy steel and technology of preparing " (2006AA03Z529).
Embodiment
The agglomerate that adopts in the embodiment of the invention, fine iron breeze, lime, quickened lime, fluorite, magnesium powder and calcium carbide powder are the general industry product.
The iron scale that adopts in the embodiment of the invention is for containing Fe
2O
3And Fe
3O
4Discarded iron scale.
The raw material that adopts in the embodiment of the invention is that paigeite is through blast furnace separation and Extraction B
2O
3After the boracic molten iron, its chemical ingredients is by weight percentage: B 0.1～0.5%, Si 2.0%～2.5%, C 3.2%～3.8%, Mn≤0.12%, P≤0.06%, S≤0.10%.
The whipping appts that adopts in the embodiment of the invention is that motor machine stirs, and stirring velocity is 120～160r/min.
The winding-up carrier gas of adopting in the embodiment of the invention is nitrogen or argon gas.
Embodiment 1
The boracic molten iron is placed medium-frequency induction furnace, and temperature is 1450 ℃, adds metallic aluminium in advance, and add-on is 0.1% of a boracic weight of molten iron; By dusting device blowing desulfurization agent active lime powder in the boracic molten iron, the winding-up amount is a 10kg/t boracic molten iron, and desulfurization time is 15min, and the weight content of the sulphur in the back boracic molten iron that dusts is not more than 0.01wt%, obtains desulfurization boracic molten iron.
Remove desulfurization slag, add solid oxidizing agent in desulfurization boracic molten iron, add-on is a 185kg/t desulfurization boracic molten iron, stirring mixes solid oxidizing agent and desulfurization boracic molten iron, and churning time is 22min, intermittently takes desiliconization slag off, obtain boracic half steel water, its composition is C 3.38% by weight percentage, and Si 0.42%, and B 0.062%, Mn 0.08%, P 0.06%, and S 0.01%, and surplus is Fe.Solid oxidizing agent is made up of iron scale and quickened lime, and its oxygen level is 22wt%.
The boracic half steel water that obtains is packed in the converter, and temperature is 1300 ℃, adds slag former, at oxygen blast intensity 2.5m
3Smelt 18min under the/mint condition, obtain boron steel water.
Wherein slag former is made up of lime and iron scale, and the weight ratio of lime and iron scale is a lime: iron scale=4: 1, the CaO weight content in the lime is 90%, SiO
2Weight content is 5%, and basicity of slag R=2.5 calculates according to formula (2) that the effective CaO weight content is 77.5% in the lime, and the add-on that calculates lime according to formula (1) is a 29kg/t boracic half steel water.
The boron steel water that obtains adds the metallic aluminium deoxidation, adds carbon dust, ferro-silicon, manganeseirom by the requirement of boron steel set component after the deoxidation, and tapping temperature is controlled at 1580 ℃, casting ingot-forming.The boron steel composition that obtains is by weight percentage for containing C 0.36%, Si0.45%, and B 0.0033%, and Mn 1.80%, and P 0.020%, and S 0.010%, and surplus is Fe.
The boron steel product that obtains carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and tensile strength is 1100MPa, yield strength 900MPa, unit elongation 13.76%, relative reduction in area 62.07% and impact absorbing energy 68.2J.Satisfy boron steel performance requriements among the GB GB/T3077-1999.
Embodiment 2
The boracic molten iron is placed medium-frequency induction furnace, and temperature is 1400 ℃, and by the dusting device calcium carbide powder sweetening agent of jetting in the boracic molten iron, the winding-up amount is a 6kg/t boracic molten iron, and desulfurization time is 12min, obtains desulfurization boracic molten iron.
Remove desulfurization slag, adopt submerged lance oxygen blast desiliconization, add flux during oxygen blast, the oxygen blown time is 18min, oxygen blast intensity is 0.8L/minkg, obtains boracic half steel water, and composition is by weight percentage for containing C 3.32%, Si 0.31%, B 0.038%, and Mn 0.082%, and P 0.065%, S 0.008%, and surplus is Fe.The flux that adopts is made up of quickened lime, iron scale and fluorite, and iron scale accounts for 28% of flux gross weight, and fluorite accounts for 4% of flux gross weight, and all the other are quickened lime; The consumption of flux is a 16kg/t desulfurization boracic molten iron.
The boracic half steel water that obtains is packed in the converter, and temperature is 1400 ℃, adds slag former, is 3.0m at oxygen supply intensity
3Smelt 15min under the/mint condition; Obtain boron steel water.
Slag former is made up of lime, iron scale and fluorite, and the weight ratio of lime and iron scale is a lime: iron scale=5: 1, fluorite account for 3% of slag former gross weight; CaO weight content in the lime is 90%, SiO
2Weight content is 5%, basicity of slag R=3.0, and the add-on that calculates lime according to formula (1) is a 26.5kg/t boron steel water.
The boron steel water that obtains adds the metallic aluminium deoxidation, adds carbon dust, ferro-silicon, manganeseirom by the requirement of boron steel composition after the deoxidation, and tapping temperature is controlled at 1610 ℃, casting ingot-forming.For containing C 0.39%, Si 0.47% by weight percentage for composition, and B 0.0026%, and Mn 1.74%, and P 0.017%, and S 0.0080%, and surplus is Fe.
The boron steel product that obtains carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and tensile strength is 1150MPa, yield strength 920MPa, unit elongation 12.22%, relative reduction in area 57.09% and impact absorbing energy 61.6J.Satisfy boron steel performance requriements among the GB GB/T3077-1999.
Embodiment 3
The boracic molten iron is placed medium-frequency induction furnace, temperature is 1350 ℃, by the dusting device composite desulfurizing agent of in the boracic molten iron, jetting, the winding-up amount is a 2kg/t boracic molten iron, desulfurization time is 8min, the weight ratio of magnesium powder and active lime powder is the magnesium powder in the composite desulfurizing agent: active lime powder=1: 1 obtains desulfurization boracic molten iron.
Remove desulfurization slag, adopt submerged lance oxygen blast desiliconization, add flux during oxygen blast, oxygen blow duration is 15min, oxygen blast intensity is 1.5L/minkg, obtains boracic half steel water, and composition is by weight percentage for containing C 3.26%, Si 0.17%, B 0.021%, and Mn 0.078%, and P 0.062%, S 0.008%, and surplus is Fe.The flux that adopts is made up of quickened lime, iron scale and fluorite, and iron scale accounts for 40% of flux gross weight, and fluorite accounts for 2% of flux gross weight, and all the other are quickened lime; The consumption of flux is a 20kg/t desulfurization boracic molten iron.
The method of smelting boron steel water is with embodiment 1; The method for preparing boron steel is with embodiment 1, and for containing C0.47%, Si 0.35% by weight percentage for the boron steel composition of acquisition, and B 0.0021%, and Mn 1.86%, and P 0.021%, and S 0.008%, and surplus is Fe.
The boron steel product that obtains carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and tensile strength is 1040MPa, yield strength 890MPa, unit elongation 14.82%, relative reduction in area 63.36% and impact absorbing energy 78.8J.Satisfy boron steel performance requriements among the GB GB/T3077-1999.
Embodiment 4
The method of smelting boron steel is with embodiment 1, and difference is: in (1) desulfurized step, the add-on of metallic aluminium is 0.2% of a boracic molten iron gross weight; The winding-up amount of active lime powder is a 13kg/t boracic molten iron, and the temperature of boracic molten iron is 1450 ℃, and desulfurization time is 18min.
(2) in the desiliconization step, the add-on of solid oxidizing agent is a 160kg/t desulfurization boracic molten iron, and desiliconization time is 20min; The solid oxidizing agent that adopts is made up of iron scale, agglomerate, fine iron breeze and quickened lime, and oxygen level is 25wt%.The composition of the boracic half steel water that obtains is by weight percentage: C 3.1%, and Si 0.53%, and B 0.065%, and Mn 0.08%, P0.064%, and S 0.008%, and surplus is Fe.
(3) in the smelting boron steel water step, the temperature of boracic half steel water is 1300 ℃, and oxygen blast intensity is 2m
3/ mint smelts 18min; Used slag former is made up of lime, iron scale and fluorite, and wherein the weight ratio of lime and iron scale is a lime: iron scale=3: 1, fluorite account for 2% of slag former gross weight; Basicity of slag R=2.5, the add-on of lime is a 37.8kg/t boracic half steel water.
(4) in the preparation boron steel step, tapping temperature is 1560 ℃.
The boron steel product that obtains carries out Mechanics Performance Testing and satisfies GB boron steel composition and performance requriements.
Embodiment 5
The method of smelting boron steel is with embodiment 2, and difference is: in (1) desulfurized step, the winding-up amount of calcium carbide powder is a 8kg/t boracic molten iron.(2) in the desiliconization step, oxygen blow duration is 12min, and oxygen blast intensity is 2L/minkg, obtains boracic half steel water.The flux that adopts is made up of quickened lime, iron scale and fluorite, and iron scale accounts for 20% of flux gross weight, and fluorite accounts for 2% of flux gross weight, and all the other are quickened lime; The consumption of flux is a 20kg/t desulfurization boracic molten iron.
The boron steel product that obtains carries out Mechanics Performance Testing and satisfies GB boron steel composition and performance requriements.
Embodiment 6
The method of smelting boron steel is with embodiment 3, difference is: in (1) desulfurized step, the winding-up amount of composite desulfurizing agent is a 1.5kg/t boracic molten iron, and the weight ratio of magnesium powder and active lime powder is an active lime powder in the composite desulfurizing agent: magnesium powder=1: 1.5, desulfurization time are 6min.
The boron steel product that obtains carries out Mechanics Performance Testing and satisfies GB boron steel composition and performance requriements.
Claims (2)
1. the method for a smelting boron steel, with paigeite through blast furnace separation and Extraction B
2O
3After the boracic molten iron be raw material, through being prepared into boron steel after the pre-treatment, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) pre-desulfurization is handled: blowing desulfurization agent in the boracic molten iron, boracic molten iron temperature are 1350～1450 ℃, and desulfurization time is 6～18min, obtain desulfurization boracic molten iron;
(2) pre-desiliconization is handled: desulfurization boracic molten iron is passed through submerged lance oxygen blast desiliconization, or adopt the solid oxidizing agent desiliconization; Wherein the submerged lance oxygen blast is to the molten iron oxygen blast of desulfurization boracic and adds flux, and the flux consumption is 15～20kg/t desulfurization boracic molten iron, and oxygen blow duration is 12～18min, and oxygen blast intensity is 0.8～2L/minkg, obtains boracic half steel water; Described flux is made up of quickened lime, iron scale and fluorite, and iron scale accounts for 20～40% of flux gross weight, and fluorite accounts for 2～4% of flux gross weight, and all the other are quickened lime; The solid oxidizing agent desiliconization is to add solid oxidizing agent to desulfurization boracic molten iron, add-on is 160～190kg/t desulfurization boracic molten iron, stirring mixes solid oxidizing agent and desulfurization boracic molten iron, churning time is 20～22min, stirring velocity is 120～160r/min, take desiliconization slag off, obtain boracic half steel water; Described solid oxidizing agent is made up of ferriferous oxide and quickened lime, and the oxygen element weight content in the solid oxidizing agent is 22～26%; Described ferriferous oxide is for containing Fe
2O
3And Fe
3O
4Iron oxide material, be selected from iron scale, agglomerate and/or fine iron breeze;
(3) boracic half steel water is packed in the converter, add slag former; Be 2～3m at oxygen supply intensity then
3Under/mint the condition, smelt 15～21min, obtain boron steel water; Described slag former is made up of lime, iron scale and fluorite, and the weight ratio of lime and iron scale is a lime in the slag former: iron scale=3～5: 1, and fluorite accounts for 0～3% of slag former gross weight; The add-on of lime is calculated as follows in the boracic half steel water:
Boracic half steel water
In the formula, w (Si): the weight % content of Si in the boracic half steel water;
W (CaO)
Effectively: lime effective CaO weight % content;
W (CaO)
Effectively=w (CaO)
Lime-R * w (SiO
2)
Lime
W (CaO)
Lime: CaO weight % content in the lime;
W (SiO
2)
Lime: SiO in the lime
2Weight % content;
R: basicity of slag, R=w (CaO)/w (SiO
2), its scope is controlled at 2.5～3.0;
(4) with the boron steel water deoxygenation that obtains, according to requirement adding silicon, manganese and the carbon of boron steel composition, tapping temperature is controlled at 1560～1610 ℃, pours into steel ingot, obtains boron steel.
2. the method for a kind of smelting boron steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that the composite desulfurizing agent that described sweetening agent selects for use quickened lime, calcium carbide powder or magnesium powder and quickened lime to form; When sweetening agent was composite desulfurizing agent, the composition of sweetening agent is a quickened lime by weight: magnesium powder=1: 1～1.5, consumption were 1.5～2kg/t boracic molten iron; When sweetening agent is quickened lime, in the boracic molten iron, add metallic aluminium in advance, add-on is 0.1～0.2% of a boracic molten iron gross weight, the quickened lime of jetting then, the winding-up amount is 10～13kg/t boracic molten iron; When sweetening agent was calcium carbide powder, consumption was 6～8kg/t boracic molten iron.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN103469048B (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-10-07 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | The boron alloyed treatment process of a kind of boron-containing steel |
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