CN115471058A - Method for evaluating substance metabolism and environmental load effect thereof in road construction period - Google Patents
Method for evaluating substance metabolism and environmental load effect thereof in road construction period Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for evaluating substance metabolism and environmental load effect in a road construction period comprises the following steps: 1. determining the target and the range of the evaluation of the environmental load effect in the road construction period; 2. determining a road material metabolism list based on unit process quota; step 3, classifying the environmental load effect influence types and calculating the characteristics; 4. standardizing the 3-class environmental load effect characteristic values obtained from the calculation result in the step (3); 5. and performing weighted analysis to calculate an environmental load effect value, determining a 3-class environmental load effect weight factor based on an extensible matter-element AHP method, and calculating the environmental load effect value in a road construction period. The road material metabolism list is established based on the unit process quota, the material consumption and emission conditions are divided clearly and visually, the evaluation result is reliable and accurate, meanwhile, the environment load effect evaluation is carried out based on the extensible matter element AHP method, the subjective influence of a decision maker can be reduced, the subjective one-sidedness of weight determination is overcome, and the evaluation result is more reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of road construction environment-friendly evaluation, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating substance metabolism and environmental load effect during a road construction period.
Background
Road construction consumes a large amount of high-carbon-density building materials such as cement, asphalt and the like, and construction machinery driven by diesel oil, gasoline and electric power causes intensive consumption of resource and energy and pollutant discharge, thereby greatly influencing the ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a road engineering environmental load effect evaluation system including a quantifiable index, quantify the road construction environmental impact, and promote green road construction.
At present, relevant experts and scholars at home and abroad carry out preliminary research on the evaluation of the road environment influence, but the following defects exist: first, due to the complexity of the road environment itself, many of the previous evaluations are mainly qualitative evaluations, and are highly subjective. Secondly, the existing evaluation system mostly considers indirect natural environment influences (such as construction land occupation, weather and hydrological condition change) and the like for evaluation, and does not consider pollutant emission generated in large-scale construction processes (such as building materials, machinery and building rubbish). Thirdly, the conventional road life cycle evaluation lacks of local consideration, emission factors are various according to different environmental influence types, relevant models in Europe and America are generally introduced at home at present, and the evaluation result is deviated due to timeliness and regional differences. Fourthly, the evaluation weight determination method mostly adopts expert scoring, analytic hierarchy process, policy target distance and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a road construction period substance metabolism and environmental load effect evaluation method, the evaluation method builds a road substance metabolism list based on unit process quota, the substance consumption and emission conditions are divided into clear and intuitive layers, the result is reliable and accurate, the pollution emission traceability control in the design and construction stages is convenient, and meanwhile, the environmental load effect evaluation based on an extensible matter element AHP method is provided, so that the subjective influence of a decision maker can be reduced, the subjective one-sidedness of determining the weight is overcome, and the evaluation result is more reliable.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating substance metabolism and environmental load effect in a road construction period comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the target and the range of the evaluation of the environmental load effect in the road construction period, wherein the evaluation range comprises four stages of materialization of raw materials, off-site processing, material transportation and site construction;
and 2, step: determining a road material metabolism list based on unit process quota, dividing the road engineering into a plurality of unit processes from top to bottom to form a unit material metabolism list based on the quota, and summarizing the unit processes, items, parts and units from bottom to top to obtain a road engineering construction material metabolism list; the material metabolism list comprises material consumption and pollutant emission, the material consumption comprises building materials and fossil fuel consumption, and the pollutant emission comprises CO 2 、CH 4 、N 2 O、CO、PM10、PM2.5、 NO x 、SO x Converting the emission gas through a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the solid waste, and expressing the conversion by an equivalent carbon dioxide emission value;
and 3, step 3: the method comprises the steps of classifying and characterizing environmental load effect influence types, firstly, dividing the environmental load effect influence types into three types of resource exhaustion, ecological destruction and human body damage, wherein the resource exhaustion comprises mineral resource consumption and energy consumption subtypes, the ecological destruction comprises acidification, eutrophication and solid waste pollution subtypes, and the human body damage comprises global warming, organic matter pollution and subtypes, then, dividing analysis results of a substance metabolism list into the subtypes, and classifying the analysis results into the final 3 influence types respectively, and performing unified unit conversion on various types of consumption or emission with different metering units in the list through characterization factors;
and 4, step 4: standardizing the 3-class environmental load effect characteristic values obtained from the calculation result in the step (3);
and 5: and performing weighted analysis to calculate an environmental load effect value, determining a 3-class environmental load effect weight factor based on an extensible matter-element AHP method, and calculating the environmental load effect value in a road construction period.
Preferably, in the step 1, the raw material materialization stage refers to the influence of a production process of materials required for road construction on the environment, and includes asphalt, steel, cement and gravel, the off-site processing stage refers to the influence of an off-site processing and mechanical operation process of the mixture mixing equipment on the environment, the material transportation stage refers to the transportation of road building materials to an off-site processing plant and the transportation of the processed materials to a construction site, and the site construction stage refers to the influence of the operation and operation of site construction mechanical tools and the passage of site transportation vehicles on the environment.
Preferably, the road engineering construction material metabolism list in the step 2 is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 list of metabolic factors of common building materials and energy substances
Preferably, the environmental load effect type classification method in step 3 is shown in Table 2,
TABLE 2 environmental load Effect type Classification method
Preferably, the specific method of the step 3 for performing unified unit conversion on various types of consumption or emissions with different metering units in the list through the characterization factors is as follows:
the damage value of the road construction period to the resource exhaustion is expressed by taking the consumption degree as a reference, and is represented as follows:
in the formula: q ij An amount (kg) output for the jth substance in the ith loading effector type; eta ij A characterization factor for the damage to the resource by the jth material in the ith class of loading effectors;
a damage value to resource exhaustion for the ith influencer type;
the damage value of the ecological system in the road construction period is expressed by taking the potential disappearance proportion of species in a certain period as a reference:
in the formula: mu.s ij A characterization factor for the ecological disruption of the jth species in the ith class of loading effectors;
damage value to ecosystem for ith load effector type;
the damage value of the road construction period to the human body is expressed by taking the disability adjusting life year as a reference:
in the formula: lambda ij A characterization factor for the health damage of the jth substance in the ith loading effector type;
the damage value of the ith load effector type to human health.
Preferably, the method of step 4 is: the standard value of each load effect type in the road construction period is as follows:
in the formula: k = R, T, D;
a normalized value for the jth substance in the ith loading effector type; f. of ij The normalized coefficient of the jth substance in the ith load effect type is valued at a certain timeThe average person in the area affects the total amount.
Preferably, the specific steps of step 5 are as follows:
step 5-1, constructing a composite element E: suppose that m experts are invited to evaluate the road environment influence (load effect type n = 3), and the ith expert evaluation matrix is Ai (i =1,2, \ 8230;, m); r ij (i =1,2, \8230;, m; j =1,2,3) is the weight of the jth type calculated by the ith evaluation matrix, and then
Step 5-2, constructing a classical domain matter element E 0j Region-saving matter element E pj
In the formula:
a j is R ij Minimum of (2), b j Is R ij Maximum value of (2);
step 5-3, constructing a correlation function object element E 0
ρ(x ij ，x 0j )＝|x ij -u j |(i＝1,2，…，m；j＝1,2,3) (10)
In the formula: k (x) ij ) For the j-th type of correlation function, x, of the ith expert ij Is a matter element to be evaluated; (u) j ,u j ) Is a classical domain; (a) A j ,b j ) Is a section domain;
step 5-4, constructing an expert validity matter element E θ Calculating the dispersion coefficient K according to equation (12) i The expert significance coefficient beta is obtained by the formula (13) i Further determine the effective matter element of the expert
In the formula:
the effectiveness of each expert is normalized;
step 5-5, determining three types of weight elements E of the environmental load effect according to the formula (15) and the formula (16) ω
In the formula:
in the formula:
step 5-6, calculating the environmental influence load effect value in the road construction period in a weighting manner
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a road material metabolism list based on unit process quota by using road engineering pricing mode for reference and aiming at the road engineering structuralization characteristics of China. The method disassembles the road engineering into unit processes, parts, items and units for calculation, has clear and intuitive layers and reliable and accurate results, and is convenient for design and construction stage pollution emission control.
2. The invention collects a plurality of domestic and foreign carbon emission factor databases, provides a comprehensive emission factor list suitable for common materials and energy sources of roads in China, perfects the carbon emission factor database for road construction, and makes up for the deficiency of data.
3. The invention provides an evaluation method based on an extensible material AHP (attitude and heading process), which solves the defect that the evaluation of the environmental influence is mostly qualitative description in the current situation. Meanwhile, the subjective influence of a decision maker is reduced by analyzing the expert effectiveness through the matter elements, compared with the traditional analytic hierarchy process or an expert scoring method, the subjective one-sidedness of weight determination can be overcome, and the calculation is simple, convenient and quick.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the evaluation of the metabolism of substances and their environmental load effects during the road construction period;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model for evaluating the metabolism of substances and the environmental load effect during the road construction period;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of road environmental load effect evaluation boundary and unit division.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the practical application is not limited thereto, and modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for evaluating substance metabolism and environmental load effect thereof in a road construction period, wherein the evaluation process is shown as figure 1, and the evaluation model is shown as figure 2, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and determining the target and the range of the environmental load effect evaluation.
The step is a precondition for developing the evaluation of the road life cycle environmental impact, the determination evaluation range mainly comprises four stages, namely, materialization of raw materials (upstream production of raw materials, fuels and the like), off-site processing, material transportation and on-site construction activities, the system boundary is shown in fig. 2, and the processes of infrastructure construction, construction equipment production, fuel production, maintenance of road surfaces and the like are not included. In addition, the influence of construction links and raw material production on the result is small, so that the influence can be ignored.
In the step, the influence of the production process of materials required by road construction on the environment, including asphalt, steel, cement, gravel and the like, is considered in the materialization stage of the raw materials; in the off-site processing stage, the influence of off-site processing and mechanical operation processes such as a mixture mixing device and the like on the environment is mainly considered; in the material transportation stage, transportation of road building materials to off-site processing plants and the like and transportation of processed materials to construction sites are mainly considered; the field construction stage mainly considers the influence of the operation of field construction machinery tools and the passage of transport vehicles in the field on the environment.
And 2, step: a list of road material metabolisms based on unit process quotas is determined.
The step is that road construction unit processes are taken as basic units, and road construction material metabolism lists are assembled from bottom to top from unit processes, items, branches and unit projects. Wherein the material consumption (input) contents mainly comprise building materials such as asphalt, cement, concrete, sandstone, various steel products and the like and fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas, electricity and the like(ii) a The pollutant emission (output) content mainly comprises CO 2 、CH 4 、N 2 O、CO、PM10、 PM2.5、NO x 、SO x Solid waste, etc. This patent is directed to CO by the Global Warming Potential (GWP) 2 、 CH 4 、N 2 The values of the exhaust gases O are converted into equivalent carbon dioxide emission values.
The invention discloses a list of common building materials and energy substance metabolism factors, which is based on data such as '2019 IPCC national greenhouse gas list guide', a Chinese life cycle basic database (CLCD) and related academic papers, and comprehensively considers Chinese regional characteristics, construction machinery machine types, raw material components and the like to sort, wherein part of data is shown in a table 1:
TABLE 1 list of metabolic factors of common building materials and energy substances
And step 3: and (4) classifying the environmental load effect type and performing characterization calculation.
The method mainly comprises the steps of dividing the analysis result of the substance metabolism list into all subtypes, and classifying the subtypes into final 3 environmental load effect types according to characteristics, wherein the classification method is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 environmental load Effect type Classification method
And carrying out unified unit conversion on various types of consumption or emissions with different metering units in the list through the characterization factors.
Wherein the damage value of the road construction period to the resource exhaustion is expressed by taking the consumption degree as a reference:
in the formula: q ij The amount (kg) of substance output for the jth substance in the ith loading effector type; eta ij A characterization factor for resource damage by the jth substance in the ith loading effector type;
damage value to resource exhaustion for the ith influencer type.
The damage value of the ecological system in the road construction period is expressed by taking the potential disappearance proportion of species in a certain period as a reference:
in the formula: mu.s ij A characterization factor for the ecological disruption by the jth species in the ith loading effector type;
is the damage value of the ith load effector type to the ecosystem.
The damage value of the road construction period to the human body is expressed by taking the disability adjusting life year as a reference:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ] ij A characterization factor for the health damage of the jth substance in the ith loading effector type;
the damage value of the ith load effector type to human health.
And 4, step 4: and (6) standardizing. The three types of load effect damage values after characterization need further standardization and dimension unification due to different units. The standard value of each load effect type in the road construction period is as follows:
in the formula: k = R, T, D;
a normalized value for the jth substance in the ith loading effector type; f. of ij The normalized coefficient of the jth substance in the ith load effect subtype is the total amount of the per-capita environmental influence in a certain area in a certain time.
And 5: and (4) performing weighted analysis. Determining a 3-class environmental load effect weight factor based on an extensible matter-element AHP method, and calculating an environmental load effect value in a road construction period, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 5-1, constructing a composite element E: suppose that m experts are invited to evaluate the road environment influence (load effect type n = 3), and the ith expert evaluation matrix is Ai (i =1,2, \ 8230;, m); r ij (i =1,2, \8230;, m; j =1,2,3) is the weight of the jth type calculated by the ith evaluation matrix, and then
Step 5-2, constructing a classical domain matter element E 0j Region-saving matter element E pj 。
In the formula:
a j is R ij Minimum value of (1), b j Is R ij Of (2) is calculated.
Step 5-3, constructing a correlation function object element E 0 。
ρ(x ij ，x 0j )＝|x ij -u j |(i＝1,2，…，m；j＝1,2,3) (10)
In the formula: k (x) ij ) For the j-th type of correlation function, x, of the ith expert ij Is a matter element to be evaluated; (u) j ,u j ) Is a classical domain; (a) A j ,b j ) Is a section domain.
Step 5-4, constructing an expert validity matter element E θ . Calculating the coefficient of dispersion K according to equation (12) i The expert significance coefficient beta is obtained by the formula (13) i And further determining the effective degree matter element of the expert.
In the formula:
to be normalizedThe effectiveness of each expert.
Step 5-5, determining three types of weight elements E of the environmental load effect according to the formula (15) and the formula (16) ω 。
In the formula:
in the formula:
and 5-6, calculating the environmental influence load effect value in the road construction period in a weighting manner.
[ examples ] A method for producing a compound
In the embodiment, the load effect of the environmental impact in the construction period is evaluated by taking a certain urban road in the Chongqing city as an example. The urban road has the length of about 13.084km, the road grade is urban secondary trunk road, the asphalt concrete pavement structure has four bidirectional lanes, the red line width is 32m, and the urban secondary trunk road comprises 4 bridges (the total is 750.16 m) and 1 tunnel (the total is 415 m).
Step 1: and determining the target and the range of the environmental load effect evaluation. The evaluation range of the environmental impact of the project comprises four stages of raw material materialization, off-site processing, material transportation and on-site construction.
And 2, step: a list of road material metabolisms based on unit process quotas is determined. According to the construction drawing design files, budget files and other data of the project, the project road material metabolism list is obtained on the basis of the common building materials and the energy input and output list (shown in a table 1) provided by the invention in combination with the 'municipal engineering valuation quota of Chongqing city' and the 'bench quota of construction machinery of Chongqing city', and is shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3 road item substance metabolism List
And step 3: and (3) performing characteristic calculation on the substance metabolism list result obtained in the step (2). And classifying the results into 3 environmental load types of resource exhaustion, ecological destruction and human body damage according to an environmental load effect type classification method (table 2), calculating according to the formulas (1) and (3) and the characterization factors to obtain various damage values in the road construction period, and obtaining the calculation result shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 environmental load Effect type characterization factor and Damage value
And 4, step 4: the results of step 3 were normalized according to equation (4), and the calculation results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 Standard values for various types of damage due to environmental load effects
And 5: and determining the weight values of various environmental factors to obtain the environmental influence load effect value of the road in the construction period. Comprises the following steps:
5 experts were invited to give a matrix of judgments for 3 impact types,
a complex element E was constructed according to formula (5).
Determining the classical domain and the segment domain according to the formula (6) to the formula (11) and obtaining the correlation function object element E 0 。
Constructing an expert significance element E according to the formulas (12) to (14) θ 。
Calculating to obtain a weight element E according to the formula (15) and the formula (16) ω 。
And (4) calculating the environmental influence load effect value in the road construction period in a weighting manner according to the formula (17).
Finally, the invention adopts the mature products and the mature technical means in the prior art.
While the present invention has been described in terms of its functions and operations with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise functions and operations described above, and that the above-described embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for evaluating substance metabolism and environmental load effect in a road construction period is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the target and the range of the evaluation of the environmental load effect in the road construction period, wherein the evaluation range comprises four stages of materialization of raw materials, off-site processing, material transportation and site construction;
and 2, step: determining a road material metabolism list based on unit process quota, dividing the road engineering into a plurality of unit processes from top to bottom to form a unit material metabolism list based on quota, and summarizing the unit processes from bottom to top by unit processes from item to division to unit engineering to obtain a road engineering construction material metabolism list; the material consumption and pollutant emission are contained in the material metabolism list, the material consumption comprises building materials and fossil fuel consumption, and the pollutant emission comprises CO 2 、CH 4 、N 2 O、CO、PM10、PM2.5、NO x 、SO x Converting the emission gas through Global Warming Potential (GWP) to obtain a value representing equivalent carbon dioxide emission value;
and step 3: the method comprises the steps of classifying and characterizing environmental load effect influence types, firstly, dividing the environmental load effect influence types into three types of resource exhaustion, ecological destruction and human body damage, wherein the resource exhaustion comprises mineral resource consumption and energy consumption subtypes, the ecological destruction comprises acidification, eutrophication and solid waste pollution subtypes, and the human body damage comprises global warming, organic matter pollution and subtypes, then, dividing analysis results of a substance metabolism list into the subtypes, and classifying the analysis results into the final 3 influence types respectively, and performing unified unit conversion on various types of consumption or emission with different metering units in the list through characterization factors;
and 4, step 4: standardizing the 3-class environmental load effect characteristic values obtained from the calculation result in the step (3);
and 5: and performing weighted analysis to calculate an environmental load effect value, determining a 3-class environmental load effect weight factor based on an extensible matter-element AHP method, and calculating the environmental load effect value in a road construction period.
2. The method for evaluating the metabolism of substances and the environmental load effect thereof during the road construction period according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, the raw material materialization stage refers to the influence of the production process of materials required by road construction on the environment, and comprises asphalt, steel, cement and gravel, the off-site processing stage refers to the influence of the off-site processing and mechanical operation processes of the mixture mixing equipment on the environment, the material transportation stage refers to the transportation of the road building materials to an off-site processing plant and the transportation of the processed materials to a construction site, and the on-site construction stage refers to the influence of the operation and operation of on-site construction mechanical machines and the influence of the passage of on-site transportation vehicles on the environment.
3. The method for evaluating the metabolism of substances and the environmental load effect thereof during the road construction period according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the list of the metabolism of the road substances in the step 2 is shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 list of metabolic factors of common building materials and energy substances
4. The method for evaluating the metabolism of substances and the environmental load effect during the road construction period according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the classification method of the environmental load effect types in the step 3 is shown in a table 2,
TABLE 2 environmental load Effect type Classification method
5. The method for evaluating the metabolism of substances and the environmental load effect thereof during the road construction period according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific method for carrying out unified unit conversion on various consumptions or emissions with different metering units in the list through the characterization factors in the step 3 is as follows:
the damage value to resource exhaustion in the road construction period is expressed as follows based on the consumption degree:
in the formula: q ij An amount (kg) output for the jth substance in the ith loading effector type; eta ij A characterization factor for resource damage by the jth substance in the ith loading effector type;
a damage value to resource exhaustion for the ith influencer type;
the damage value of the ecological system in the road construction period is expressed by taking the potential disappearance proportion of species in a certain period as a reference:
in the formula: mu.s ij A characterization factor for the ecological disruption by the jth species in the ith loading effector type;
damage value to ecosystem for ith load effector type;
the damage value of the road construction period to the human body is expressed by taking the disability adjusting life year as a reference:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ] ij A characterization factor for the damage of the jth substance in the ith loading effector type to human health;
the damage value of the ith load effector type to human health.
6. The method for evaluating the metabolism of substances and the environmental load effect thereof during the road construction period according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method of the step 4 comprises the following steps: the standard value of each load effect type in the road construction period is as follows:
in the formula: k = R, T, D;
a normalized value for the jth substance in the ith loading effector type; f. of ij The normalized coefficient of the jth substance in the ith load effect subtype is the total amount of the human-average environmental influence in a certain area at a certain time.
7. The method for evaluating the metabolism of substances and the environmental load effect during the road construction period according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific steps of the step 5 are as follows:
step 5-1, constructing a composite element E: suppose that m experts are invited to a laneEvaluating the road environment influence (load effect type n = 3), wherein the ith expert evaluation matrix is Ai (i =1,2, \8230; m); r is ij (i =1,2, \8230;, m; j =1,2,3) is the weight of the jth type calculated by the ith evaluation matrix, and then
Step 5-2, constructing a classical domain matter element E 0j Region-saving matter element E pj
In the formula:
a j is R ij Minimum value of (1), b j Is R ij Maximum value of (1);
step 5-3, constructing a correlation function object element E 0
ρ(x ij ，x 0j )＝|x ij -u j |(i＝1，2，...，m；j＝1，2，3) (10)
In the formula: k (x) ij ) For the j-th type of correlation function, x, of the ith expert ij Is an object element to be evaluated; (u) j ，u j ) Is a classical domain; (a) j ，b j ) Is a section domain;
step 5-4, constructing an expert validity matter element E θ Calculating a dispersion coefficient K according to equation (12) i The expert significance coefficient beta is obtained by the formula (13) i Further determine the effective degree of the expert
In the formula:
the effectiveness of each expert is normalized;
step 5-5, determining three types of weight elements E of the environmental load effect according to the formula (15) and the formula (16) ω
In the formula:
in the formula:
step 5-6, calculating the environmental influence load effect value in the road construction period in a weighting manner
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