CN107122591A - A kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method - Google Patents

A kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method Download PDF

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CN107122591A
CN107122591A CN201710199183.8A CN201710199183A CN107122591A CN 107122591 A CN107122591 A CN 107122591A CN 201710199183 A CN201710199183 A CN 201710199183A CN 107122591 A CN107122591 A CN 107122591A
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msub
carbon emission
asphalt
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CN107122591B (en
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彭波
曹世江
蔡春丽
耿九光
戴学臻
李德文
华学礼
杨帆
赵武辉
李文瑛
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Changan University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method, the evaluation method is according to the difference of Construction of Asphalt Pavement unit process, Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission is divided into place windrow, the feeding that gathers materials, heating of gathering materials, pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, transports, pave, roll totally 8 units, carbon emission source is defined as the carbon emission two parts of energy resource consumption carbon emission, pitch and asphalt at high operating temperatures produced by the use of plant equipment and transport vehicle；The present invention is under the historical background of energy-saving and emission-reduction and low-carbon environment-friendly, corresponding Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission calculation formula is established according to the difference of construction cell process and carbon source, and carbon emission amount is classified, on this basis, establish asphalt surface course carbon emission evaluation method, transformation for Construction of Asphalt Pavement process from high carbon emission to low-carbon emission pattern from now on specifies research direction, to alleviating greenhouse effects and promoting the flow of research of low-carbon type highway significant.

Description

A kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy-conserving and emission-cutting technology field, and in particular to a kind of evaluation method of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission.
Background technology
As the harm that global warming is brought is increasingly serious, people have gradually recognized the discharge of control greenhouse gases Through very urgent, and CO2、CH4、N2O, as the chief component of greenhouse gases, is the primary study object of energy-saving and emission-reduction, Due to CO2Proportion is maximum in greenhouse gases, and about 60%, therefore, the conventional word of carbon emission one is used as the total of greenhouse gases Claim, other greenhouse gases are converted into equivalent CO when calculating carbon emission amount2, to calculate the total emission volumn of greenhouse gases, enter And judge the intensity of greenhouse effects.
Transportation industry is one of important sources of energy consumption and carbon emission, and highway traffic infrastructure is built produced Carbon emission also gradually causes the attention of people.Statistics shows that China's transportation industry carbon emission amount is about 4.53 hundred million every year Ton, it is contemplated that be up to 11.08 hundred million tons to the year two thousand thirty, road infrastructure construction is using fossil fuel as the energy, and asphalt More greenhouse gases are produced in the case of a high temperature, are not consistent with the energy-saving and emission-reduction that international community is advocated, it is seen then that road The low-carbon technology research of road industry is with very big prospect.
Some researchs have been carried out to Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission both at home and abroad, but have had in research process at following 2 points not Foot：One is that the research of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission mainly deploys according to the energy, and the research of asphalt high temperature discharge is not yet opened Begin, the quantitative calculating to carbon emission still belongs to the exploratory stage；Two be the Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation side that China lacks system Method, evaluation index and grade scale can not be clear and definite, so that low-carbon technology exploitation lacks necessary theoretical foundation with application, do not have Obvious specific aim, is unfavorable for building low-carbon environment-friendly asphalt surface course.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned problems of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon Evaluation method is discharged to be efficiently applied in Practical Project, the evaluation method is arranged the carbon during current Construction of Asphalt Pavement High-volume calculated, be classified for carbon emission degree, for differentiating in the whether qualified offer of asphalt surface course carbon emission built Reasonable and objective foundation.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method, comprises the following steps：
Step one, construction carbon emission source is divided
Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission is originated to investigate according to gas and is divided into place windrow, collection with the different phase detected Expect that feeding, heating of gathering materials, pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, asphalt transport, bituminous mixture laying, pitch are mixed Close material and roll totally 8 units；
Step 2, selectes energy resource consumption carbon emission calculating parameter
Energy caloric value, the energy carbon emission factor and global warming potential are chosen as calculating parameter, and by carbon dioxide, Methane and nitrous oxide are converted into equivalent carbon emission；
Step 3, the calculating of energy resource consumption carbon emission amount
There is energy resource consumption carbon emission source in Construction of Asphalt Pavement：Diesel oil, coal, wherein weight oil and gas, natural gas are again It is divided into pipe natural gas and compressed natural gas, the consumption carbon emission amount respectively originated is calculated as follows：
In following calculation formula, i and j difference representative unit processes and the type of greenhouse gases, wherein：I=1 represents field Ground windrow, i=2, which represent the feeding that gathers materials, i=3 and represent gather materials heating, i=4, represents that pitch is heated, i=5 represents asphalt Mix, i=6 represent asphalt transport, i=7 and represent bituminous mixture laying, i=8 and represent asphalt and roll；j =1, which represents carbon dioxide, j=2, represents methane, j=3 and represents nitrous oxide；
1. diesel consumption carbon emission amount is calculated according to the following formula：
In formula, EeiFor diesel oil greenhouse gas emissions (mg/kg)；ViFor diesel-fuel consumption (L)；ηiFor diesel oil oxidation rate (%)； ρiFor diesel oil density (kg/L)；QiFor diesel oil calorific capacity (MJ/kg)；EFjFor the carbon emission factor based on diesel oil caloric value (mg/MJ)；GWPjFor global warming potential；
Formula (1) be used to measuring place windrow using diesel oil as the energy, the feeding that gathers materials, asphalt transport, pave and The calculating of carbon emission during laminating unit；
2. coal/heavy oil carbon emission is calculated according to the following formula：
In formula, EeiFor the greenhouse gas emissions (mg/kg) of coal/heavy oil；miFor the consumption (kg) of coal/heavy oil；ηiFor Coal/heavy oil combustion rate (%)；QiFor coal/heavy oil calorific capacity (MJ/kg)；EFjFor the emission factor based on coal/heavy oil calorific capacity (mg/MJ)；
Formula (2) is used to calculate using coal/heavy oil as the carbon emission of the energy during pitch heating, the heating unit that gathers materials；
3. pipe natural gas and compressed natural gas carbon emission are calculated respectively according to the following formula：
Pipe natural gas carbon emission amount calculation formula is as follows：
Compressed natural gas carbon emission amount calculation formula is as follows：
Above in two formulas, EeiFor natural gas carbon emission amount (mg/kg)；ViFor gas consumption (m3)；ηiFor natural gas Oxygenation efficiency (%)；μ is that liquefied natural gas liquefies than (%)；QiFor natural gas unit caloric value (MJ/kg)；EFjFor based on day The carbon emission factor (mg/MJ) of right gas caloric value；
Formula (3), (4) are used for pitch heating, during the heating unit that gathers materials, using natural gas as the carbon emission of the energy in terms of Calculate；
Step 4, asphalt pyrocarbon Emission amount calculation
Asphalt high temperature carbon emission occurs in pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, asphalt transport, pitch Mixture laying, asphalt laminating unit process；
1. pitch heating high temperature carbon emission amount is calculated according to the following formula：
In formula, EciFor pitch heated gas discharge amount (mg/kg)；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases Site Detection Concentration；A is asphalt content (t)；Pa is the ratio of asphalt content and the consumption that gathers materials, and V is container volume (L)； GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases, G is asphalt quality (t)；
2. asphalt mixture mixing process high temperature carbon emission amount is calculated according to the following formula：
In formula, EciFor asphalt mixture mixing carbon emission amount (mg/kg)；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases scene Detectable concentration；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；V is mixing building discharging gas withdrawal rate (m/s)；S For mixing building discharging open area (m2)；G is compound load (t) in the mixing building unit interval；T discharges for asphalt Time (s)；
3. asphalt transport high temperature carbon emission amount is calculated according to the following formula：
In formula, EciFor asphalt transport carbon emission amount (mg/kg)；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases scene Detectable concentration；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；G is the carrying capacity (t) of transport vehicle；S is transport vehicle car Railway carriage or compartment area (m2)；V is road speed (km/h)；T is the transport vehicle traveling unit kilometer time (h) used；
4. bituminous mixture laying high temperature carbon emission amount is calculated according to the following formula：
In formula, EciFor bituminous mixture laying carbon emission amount (mg/kg)；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases scene Detectable concentration；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；x1For pavement spread width (m)；y1For pavement spread Length (m)；H be surface thickness (m), t be pave 1m needs time (s)；V is spreading speed (m/s)；ρsTaken for road surface drill core Sample density (g/cm3)；G is the mixture quality (t) in reference area, G=ρs·x1·y1·h；
5. asphalt is calculated according to the following formula rolls high temperature carbon emission amount：
In above formula, t1Required time, remaining meaning of parameters same formula when tending to atmospheric concentration for discharge gas concentration (8)；
Step 5, calculates the total carbon emission of each unit process according to the following formula：
In formula, E is total carbon emission；EeFor energy resource consumption total carbon emission；EcIt is total for Construction of Asphalt Pavement high temperature carbon emission Amount；
Step 6, sets up carbon emission metewand value, and carry out grade classification to carbon emission；
Step 7, according to total carbon emission, carbon emission metewand value and carbon emission grade classification, sets up bituminous sheaths respectively Layer, middle surface layer and cutting optimal total carbon emission evaluation criterion above layer；
On the basis of each surface layer carbon emission a reference value is determined, with reference to 16 each lists in section of the actual investigation of inventor The average value of first each surface layer carbon emission proportion of process, it may be determined that a reference value that unit process carbon emission is evaluated, by bituminous sheaths Layer each unit construction total carbon emission can obtain the proportion of each unit process carbon emission, with the flat of each surface layer carbon emission proportion Average obtains Construction of Asphalt Pavement each unit process carbon emission proportion as typical value, with emission reduction targets carbon emission a reference value, Unit process carbon emission proportion and surface layer carbon emission metewand value are with regard to that can draw the carbon emission evaluation of different surface layer different units A reference value, is evaluated Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission with the corresponding carbon emission grade classification of carbon emission metewand value.
Step 8, sets up the corresponding surface layer carbon emission metewand value of 8 unit processes, and each unit mistake is calculated according to the following formula The carbon emission metewand value of journey：
Ei0=ωi·E0
In above formula, Ei0A reference value is discharged for i unit processes emission reduction targets；ωiFor i unit process carbon emission proportions；E0For Emission reduction targets carbon emission a reference value.Described carbon emission proportion be corresponding 3 surface layers of each unit process in, each surface layer Unit process carbon emission amount accounts for the ratio of total carbon emissions amount.
Further, in described step two, described energy caloric value is chosen《China Statistical Yearbook 2014》It is middle to provide Energy caloric value be used as China's Construction of Asphalt Pavement energy caloric value, carry out energy resource consumption carbon emission calculating；
The described energy carbon emission factor is the judgement energy greenhouse gas emission degree proposed according to energy caloric value An important parameter, characterize the size that different energy sources produce the ability of greenhouse gases, the energy that the present invention is provided using APCC The source carbon emission factor is used as China's Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission factor；
Described global warming potential is to weigh the size that various greenhouse gases produce greenhouse effects abilities, for the ease of When carbon emission is calculated, various greenhouse gases are converted into equivalent carbon dioxide, the calculating of carbon emission is carried out, the present invention chooses generation The global warming potential that climate change special commission of boundary APCC is proposed is used as calculating parameter.
Further, in described step four, when carrying out the calculating of asphalt surface course high temperature carbon emission, because methane is flammable Gas, uses the degree of fuel gas in sensor setting, and can not be by combustible gas in carbon emission calculating The degree of body is converted directly into quality, it is necessary to which the degree of fuel gas is converted into volumetric concentration, and conversion is public Formula is：
Ppm=%LEL*LEL (VOL%) * 100
In formula, ppm is the volumetric concentration of measured gas；%LEL is measured gas volume percent concentration； LEL (VOL%) it is the LEL of fuel gas correspondence range；
In this programme, carbon emission detection instrument is many gas detecting instruments of ZR-3100 types, and the range of the instrument methane For 0~100%, corresponding LEL is 5%VOL, converts methane to volume by volumetric concentration conversion formula dense Degree, has unified measurement gas unit, and it is based on mass concentration, accordingly, it would be desirable to will that Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission, which is calculated, Volumetric concentration is converted to mass concentration, and conversion formula is：
In formula, ρ is the mass concentration (mg/m of discharge gas3)；M is gas relative molecular weight；Ppm is measure gas Volumetric concentration；T is temperature (DEG C)；Ba is pressure (MPa).
Further, in described step six, carbon emission metewand value chooses " emission reduction targets value ", " actual measurement carbon emission Average value ", " confidence upper limit of 95% fraction " are used as the cut off value of carbon emission grade classification；
Described emission reduction targets value is to be calculated to obtain according to national " 12 " emission reduction targets value, and reflection is national policy Planning value, is an emission reduction plan of national transportation industry, is more satisfactory situation；
Described actual measurement carbon emission average value is obtained according to the mean value calculation of investigation construction section carbon emission；
95% described fraction confidence upper limit is the estimate that sample average is obtained according to each surface layer carbon discharge capacity account；
It is A etc., B etc., C etc. and D etc. by the grade classification of carbon emission, wherein, A etc. and B etc. cut off value are " emission reduction mesh Scale value ", B etc. and C etc. cut off value are " actual measurement carbon emission average value ", and C etc. and D etc. cut off value are " 95% fraction confidence The upper limit ".
The present invention has following technical characterstic compared with prior art：
1. conventional bituminous paving carbon emission is studied mainly for energy resource consumption carbon emission, the inventive method includes Carbon emission and the pitch of job site detection and high temperature carbon emission two parts of asphalt that energy resource consumption is produced, are evaluated Content is more comprehensive.
2. in carbon emission evaluation method, more conventional is main including two kinds, and one is evaluation of life cycle method, and two be comprehensive Metrics evaluation method, but both approaches evaluation index disunity are closed, index weights are typically by means of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combination expert Scoring is calculated, and when backing material is insufficient, artificial misjudgment is easily occurred, is caused evaluation result inaccurate, the present invention is adopted With equivalent carbon emission as evaluation index, the carbon emission situation of institute's survey item can be intuitively embodied, human factor can be also reduced Influence to carbon emission evaluation result, so as to preferably carry out Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation.
3. propose Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission source is divided into place windrow, the feeding that gathers materials, gather materials heating, pitch Heating, the mix of asphalt, transport, pave and roll totally 8 units, each unit is according to the difference of carbon emission carbon source The high temperature carbon emission of energy resource consumption carbon emission and pitch and asphalt is subdivided into, more detailed analyzes bituminous sheaths Row's carbon source of layer construction carbon emission simultaneously proposes calculation formula for the different energy and unit process.
4. energy resource consumption carbon emission amount and high temperature carbon emission amount and every of the present invention to the corresponding surface layer of multiple bituminous pavings The total carbon emission of asphalt surface course is quantitatively calculated, and carbon emission amount is classified on this basis, so that classification is more It is objective；Carbon emission metewand value provides the classification standard of carbon emission when weighing Construction of Asphalt Pavement, and drip is being built for differentiating Whether blue or green surface layer carbon emission is qualified to provide a good evaluation method.Meanwhile, it is higher for carbon emission amount in the present invention Place has carried out certain analysis, takes corresponding energy-saving and emission-reduction suggestion and measure, with reach slow down greenhouse effects, build it is green The purpose on color channel road.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Construction of Asphalt Pavement process carbon emission source schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of 16 section unit process energy resource consumption carbon emission averages；
Fig. 3 is that pitch heating process different energy sources consume the carbon emission amount schematic diagram produced；
Fig. 4 be gather materials heating process different energy sources consumption produce carbon emission amount schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is pitch heating process high temperature carbon emission amount result schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is asphalt mixture mixing process high temperature carbon emission amount result schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is asphalt transportation high temperature discharge amount schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is that paver greenhouse gases detect sample distribution structural representation；
Fig. 9 is CO2Concentration is along paver width change schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is CH4Concentration is along paver width change schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is N20 concentration is along paver width change schematic diagram；
Figure 12 is bituminous mixture laying process high temperature discharge amount schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is CO2Concentration of emission and the relation schematic diagram of time；
Figure 14 is CH4Concentration of emission and the relation schematic diagram of time；
Figure 15 is N20 concentration of emission and the relation schematic diagram of time；
Figure 16 is asphalt roller compaction process high temperature discharge amount schematic diagram；
Figure 17 is different pitches type asphalt high temperature total carbon emission contrast schematic diagram；
Figure 18 is different bitumen aggregate ratio asphalt high temperature total carbon emission contrast schematic diagrams.
Embodiment
It should be noted that because carbon emission evaluation is built upon on mass data, in order to embody bituminous sheaths as far as possible Layer construction technology and carbon emission level, the method that the present invention is combined using field investigation and Site Detection, to national multiple provinces Part project in construction carry out field investigation and detection, data sampling is carried out, mainly including Shaanxi, Henan, Tianjin, Yunnan, sweet The Huang on the ground such as respectful, Xinjiang, Hunan prolong at a high speed one mark, prolong at a high speed two mark, Ji Shan at a high speed eight mark, the western outer shroud 19 of Binhai New District mark, Three wash rices high speed three is marked, four marks, western salty high speed, G310, G3014, western copper high speed, guarantor ache high speed, Yongdeng to ancient unrestrained height to three wash rices at a high speed Speed, elm are pacified, and high speed one is marked, peaceful two marks at a high speed of elm, clear Li high speeds, Zhuan Tian bis- mark totally 16 sections.
Calculating parameter and calculation formula and the specific table of combination below by way of energy resource consumption carbon emission and high temperature carbon emission Lattice are illustrated with accompanying drawing to the carbon emission computational methods in 16 sections, on this basis, calculate each section carbon emission amount simultaneously Carbon emission grade scale and appraisement system are set up, for the ease of understanding the evaluation method of the present invention, is designated as in invention with Ji Shan eight Example carries out specific embodiment introduction.
Project profile：
The absolute altitude of Ji Shan eight speed is located at Tianjin midtown east, is the vertical important composition of nine horizontal stroke five in the freeway net of Tianjin Part, mileage pile No. be K0+4.137-18+K532.704, about 18.529 kilometers of route total length, wherein, width of roadway is 22 Rice, surface layer core boring sampling density is ρsFor 2.45g/cm3, bitumen aggregate ratio is 5.0%, and asphalt label is 70#, compactness 98%, Ji 35 DEG C of the mark Site Detection of Shan eight temperature, asphalt high temperature discharge uses the Site Detection in work progress.
Ji Shan eight marks Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method, comprises the following steps：
Step one, construction carbon emission source is divided
Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission source is investigated by gas to be divided into the different phase detected：Place windrow, gather materials Feeding, heating of gathering materials, pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, asphalt transport, bituminous mixture laying, pitch mixing Material rolls totally 8 units；
The carbon emission source of 8 units divided in step one is defined as：A part is run and transport vehicle by plant equipment Carbon emission produced by energy resource consumption, another part is as produced by pitch and asphalt gaseous volatilization at high operating temperatures High temperature carbon emission.
Step 2, selectes energy resource consumption carbon emission calculating parameter
When carrying out the calculating of energy resource consumption carbon emission, energy caloric value, the energy carbon emission factor and global warming are chosen latent Methane and nitrous oxide are converted into equivalent carbon emission by value as calculating parameter；
Energy caloric value：Energy caloric value is the discharged heat of energy burning, and caloric value is relevant with energy source type, The present invention is announced using China《2014 China Statistical Yearbooks》The energy caloric value of middle offer is used as the Construction of Asphalt Pavement energy Caloric value, energy caloric value is as shown in table 1.
The energy caloric value of table 1
Can source name Energy caloric value (MJ/kg) Stoichiometric standard coal conversion factor
Coal 20.308 0.7143
Heavy oil 41.816 1.4286
Diesel oil 42.652 1.4571
Natural gas 38.931 1.330
The energy carbon emission factor：The size that different energy sources produce greenhouse gases ability is characterized, the present invention is provided using IPCC The carbon emission factor as calculating parameter, the energy carbon emission factor is shown in Table 2.
The energy carbon emission factor of table 2
Global warming potential：The size that different greenhouse gases produce greenhouse effects ability is characterized, world's gas is selected in invention The global warming potential of change special commission IPCC propositions is waited as calculating parameter, global warming potential is shown in Table 3.
The global warming potential of table 3
Greenhouse gases GWP
Methane (CH4) 25
Nitrous oxide (N2O) 298
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 1
Step 3, the calculating of energy resource consumption carbon emission amount
Mainly there are diesel oil, coal, weight oil and gas in energy resource consumption carbon emission source in Construction of Asphalt Pavement, wherein, naturally Gas is divided into pipe natural gas and compressed natural gas again；During construction cell, the carbon emission that source consumption is produced, which mostlys come from, to be applied The operation of work machine and equipment is with using, and energy resource consumption type is shown in Table 4；
The unit process energy resource consumption type of table 4
Because construction technology, energy source type, the newness degree of construction machinery and model etc. be not no during Construction of Asphalt Pavement Together, to carbon emission influence is different, by disappearing to diesel oil, coal, heavy oil, natural gas equal energy source carbon emission calculation formula and the energy The calculating of total carbon emission calculation formula is consumed, obtains investigating 16 section energy resource consumption unit process carbon emission amounts and difference The carbon emission amount and energy total carbon emission of the type energy；Wherein, energy resource consumption unit process carbon emission amount and energy resource consumption Total carbon emission is shown in Table 5, and the carbon emission amount and energy resource consumption total carbon emission of the different type energy are shown in Table 6.
The Construction of Asphalt Pavement each unit energy resource consumption carbon emission amount (mg) of table 5
The different energy sources type Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission amount of table 6
In table 5,16 section unit process energy resource consumption carbon emission amounts and total carbon emission are calculated respectively, to survey 16 The average of bar section unit process carbon emission is typical value, carries out different units process carbon emission and compares, comparative result is shown in Fig. 2 It is shown.As shown in Figure 2, different units process carbon emission is differed greatly, and carbon emission is heated apparently higher than other units wherein gathering materials Process, accounts for the 76.3% of energy resource consumption total carbon emission, and pitch heating is taken second place, and accounts for the 15.7% of total carbon emission, and its Its unit process carbon emission amount is smaller.Therefore, in low-carbon technology research, can be gathered materials by reduction heating and pitch heat single The carbon emission of first process reaches emission reduction purpose.
16 section energy source types and energy-output ratio have been calculated in table 6, and has combined carbon source investigation and unit process Carbon emission amount, gathers materials the average for heating energy carbon emission identical with pitch heating as typical value using 16 sections investigated, enters Row gathers materials heating and the carbon emission of pitch heating unit process different energy sources type compares, and comparative result is as shown in Figure 3.
By in Fig. 3 pitch heat and gather materials heating unit process different energy sources carbon emission it was found that, the carbon emission of coal Amount is maximum, and heavy oil takes second place, and natural gas is minimum.The carbon emission amount of wherein coal is 1.33 times of natural gas, and heavy oil carbon emission is natural 1.12 times of gas.Therefore, in low-carbon technology research, it can be arranged by changing energy source type, improving utilizing etc. for clean energy resource Apply reduction carbon emission.
Step 4, asphalt pyrocarbon Emission amount calculation
Asphalt high temperature discharge occurs mainly in pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, transports, pave and rolls In unit process；
(1) pitch heating high temperature carbon emission is calculated
Site Detection, testing result are carried out to pitch heating process greenhouse gases using ZR-3100 types many gas detecting instruments It is shown in Table shown in 7.
The Ji Shan eight of table 7 marks pitch heated gas discharge Site Detection
Gas type CO2(ppm) CH4(%LEL) N2O(ppm)
Sample number (individual) 15 15 15
Standard deviation 11.837 0.073 0.734
Average value 538 1.4 5.6
The coefficient of variation (%) 2.21 5.2 13.11
Typical value 538 1.4 5.6
Analyzed by the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of pitch heating unit process greenhouse gas emission Concentration Testing sample, system Metering meets the requirement of coefficient of variation CV≤15%, can be used as statistics sample.
By the Site Detection value in table 7, CH during pitch heating unit is calculated4Volumetric concentration：
Ppm=%LEL × LEL (VOL%) × 100=1.4 × 5 × 100=700
3 kinds of greenhouse gases relative molecular masses are shown in Table 8.
The greenhouse gases relative molecular mass of table 8
Gas type CO2 CH4 N2O
Relative molecular mass 44 16 44
Concentration Testing value, the percent of greenhouse gases relative molecular weight of table 8 in table 7, calculate each temperature in pitch heating process The mass concentration of room gas：
Calculate Ji Shan eight and mark pitch heating unit process carbon emission amount：In the mark Construction of Asphalt Pavement of Ji Shan eight, bitumen aggregate ratio Pa=5.0%, container volume V=5.6 × 10‐3m3, asphalt sample quality G=1.1kg, ρjFor greenhouse gases mass concentration, it can obtain Ji Shan eight marks pitch heating unit process carbon emission：
According to same computational methods, the pitch heating carbon emission result of calculation in 16 project sections is can obtain, such as Fig. 4 institutes Show.
Carbon emission is discharged by pitch heating unit process asphalt high-temperature to calculate, G310 and G3014 sections pitch is high Warm drain is apparently higher than other unit processes；Found in the investigation of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon source, G310 and G3014 are above Layer making, asphalt type is SBS modified pitch, and asphalt heating temperature is high, and discharge capacity is big.In addition, temperature control in pitch heating It is also the influence factor that pitch heats high temperature discharge.
(2) asphalt mixture mixing high temperature carbon emission is calculated
Asphalt mixture mixing has higher temperature, more greenhouse gases is discharged, accordingly, it would be desirable to according to mixing building Specification, set up the carbon emission computation model of asphalt mixture mixing process；In Site Detection, due to the face closure of mixing building one Three faces are opened, therefore using the face of mixing building three as sampling section, each sampling section sample amount is 15, and equal with all sampled points Value is detected that detection data are as shown in table 9 as concentration typical value using many gas detecting instruments of ZR-3100 types.
The Ji Shan eight of table 9 mark asphalt mixture mixing gas discharge Site Detection value
Pass through the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of asphalt mixture mixing unit process greenhouse gas emission Concentration Testing sample Analysis, statistic meets the requirement of coefficient of variation CV≤15%, can be used as statistics sample；
According to CH in table 94Site Detection concentration, calculates CH during asphalt mixture mixing4Volumetric concentration：
Ppm=%LEL × LEL (VOL%) × 100=1.6 × 5 × 100=800
According to gas concentration detected value, the greenhouse gases relative molecular weight of table 8, the mark Site Detection of Ji Shan eight temperature 35 in table 9 DEG C etc. parameter, calculate asphalt mixture mixing during three kinds of greenhouse gases mass concentration：
Calculate Ji Shan eight and mark asphalt mixture mixing process carbon emission amount：
Mixing building Site Detection parameter is as shown in table 10.
The Ji Shan eight of table 10 mark asphalt mixture mixing process-field detection parameter
Parameter v(m/s) s(m2) G(t) t(s)
Numerical value 0.31 1.44 4 12
According to the mass concentration of the 3 kinds of greenhouse gases calculated and the calculating parameter of mixing building Site Detection, drip is substituted into Carbon emission calculation formula during blue or green compound mix, show that Ji Shan eight marks asphalt mixture mixing carbon emission amount：
With same computational methods, the carbon emission amount in remaining 15 section, 16 section carbon emission result of calculations can be drawn As shown in Figure 5；As shown in Figure 5, asphalt mixture mixing process carbon emission difference is not obvious.
It should be noted that：Because asphalt mixture mixing process high temperature detection time is short, easily by air speed influence, in pitch In compound Site Detection, calm weather is selected as far as possible, to improve the accuracy of detection data, while detection sample size is increased, Reduce the error caused by sample statistics.
(3) asphalt transport high temperature carbon emission is calculated
Site Detection is carried out in transport vehicle roof using many gas detecting instruments of ZR-3100 types, sampled point is 3, is each adopted The sample size of sampling point is 15, using sample average as typical value, and asphalt transport gas discharge Site Detection result is shown in Shown in table 11.
The Ji Shan eight of table 11 mark asphalt transport high temperature gas discharge Site Detection result
Pass through the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of asphalt delivery unit process greenhouse gas emission Concentration Testing sample Analysis, statistic meets the requirement of coefficient of variation CV≤15%, according to the Site Detection void fraction of table 11, can calculate drip CH in blue or green compound transportation4Volumetric concentration be：
Ppm=%LEL × LEL (VOL%) × 100=1.7 × 5 × 100=850
Concentration Testing value, the percent of greenhouse gases relative molecular weight of table 8, the mark Site Detection of Ji Shan eight temperature 35 in table 11 DEG C etc. parameter, calculate pitch heating process in 3 kinds of greenhouse gases mass concentration：
Calculate Ji Shan eight and mark asphalt transport carbon emission amount：The mark asphalt mixture trucks of Tianjin Ji Shan eight compartment is long 7.25m, wide 2.496m, carrying capacity 77t, the road speed 25km/h of transport vehicle substitute into greenhouse gases mass concentration ρij, can obtain Asphalt transports carbon emission amount：
It is right according to asphalt transportation high temperature discharge calculation formula and the mark asphalt shipping parameters of Ji Shan eight The mark asphalt high temperature discharge of Ji Shan eight is calculated, and high temperature discharge amount is 204340mg.With same method to remaining 15 section asphalt transport high temperature carbon emission is calculated, and result of calculation is as shown in Figure 6.
It will be appreciated from fig. 6 that Huang prolongs a mark, prolongs two marks, the discharge of G3014 asphalts transport high temperature apparently higher than other roads Section, by carbon source investigation and analysis of Influential Factors, asphalt transport is influenceed by carrying capacity, compartment area etc., existing In the detection of field, these influence factors should be considered, the influence of transportation asphalt high temperature carbon emission is reduced.
(4) bituminous mixture laying high temperature carbon emission is calculated
Site Detection is carried out to the mark bituminous mixture laying of Ji Shan eight using ZR-3100 types many gas detecting instruments, in pitch In the detection of mixture laying gas, sampled point is 5, and each sampled point sample size is 10, bituminous mixture laying gas row Put detection sampling point distributions as shown in Figure 7；
Standard deviation, coefficient of variation analysis are carried out to sampled point sample data, statistic meets coefficient of variation CV≤15% It is required that, can be as statistics sample, bituminous mixture laying process effluent gas detection data are as shown in table 12.
The bituminous mixture laying gas of table 12 discharges Site Detection value
It should be noted that：Due to asphalt gas concentration of emission with paver test position difference and , there is certain relation with paver paving width, it is necessary to which the data for setting up gas concentration of emission and paver width are closed in difference System, by the average value of the carbon emission Site Detection of table 12, respectively obtains CO2、CH4And N2O concentration and the relation of paver end points are bent Line chart, as shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10；
Fig. 9,10,11 have been fitted CO respectively2、CH4、N2O concentration and paver and the relational expression of end-point distances, matched curve Linear relationship is good.For different tri- parameter value differences of greenhouse gases a, b, c, by the formula being fitted in figure, draw Conic section y=ax2+ bx+c coefficient value is as shown in table 13.
The whose conic coefficient value of table 13
Whose conic coefficient in the gas concentration profile and table 13 that are fitted according to Fig. 9,10,11, calculates pitch mixing CH4 volumetric concentrations are in material paving process：
Ppm=%LEL*LEL (VOL%) * 100=-6x2+75x+805
The matched curve of concentration Testing value and paving width in table 12, the greenhouse gases relative molecular weight of table 8, Ji Shan The mass concentration of each greenhouse gases is during the parameters such as eight 35 DEG C of mark Site Detection temperature, calculating bituminous mixture laying：
Ji Shan eight is marked on big 1600 type, paving width 11.1m, Ji Shan in the paver model employed in paving process Eight mark bituminous mixture laying structural parameters are as shown in table 14.
The Ji Shan eight of table 14 marks bituminous mixture laying structural parameters
Parameter x1(m) y1(m) h(m) ρs(g/cm3)
Numerical value 11.1 1 0.07 2.45
According to the curve matching of bituminous mixture laying gas concentration of emission and paver width, calculate Ji Shan eight and mark pitch Mixture laying process high temperature discharge amount is：
Detected using same computational methods and according to the investigation of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon source and situ concentration, to remaining 15 Construction section carbon emission is effectively calculated, as shown in figure 11；As shown in Figure 11, Huang prolong a mark, prolong two marks, G310 and G3014 high temperature discharges find that they belong to upper layer apparently higher than other construction sections in the investigation of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon source Construction, and the western outer shroud 19 of the relatively low Binhai New District of discharge capacity is marked, Ji Shan south eight mark etc. section be cutting optimal construction, Using bi tumenf orr oad, construction temperature is low, and asphalt high temperature discharge amount is low, therefore, in Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission In evaluation, can according to construction surface layer difference, different carbon emission metewand values are proposed respectively.
(5) asphalt rolls the calculating of high temperature carbon emission
Site Detection is carried out to the mark bituminous mixture laying of Ji Shan eight using ZR-3100 types many gas detecting instruments, according to drip Blue or green compound rolls gas concentration of emission and detection time, and gas concentration of emission and time relationship are fitted respectively.CO2、CH4、N2O Concentration of emission and time relationship are respectively as shown in Figure 12,13,14；
As shown in Figure 12, increase over time, CO2Concentration is gradually reduced, and concentration of emission and time are in good line Sexual intercourse, relational expression is：
Y=5 × 10-5t2-0.241t+616.4
As shown in Figure 13, CH4Concentration is with the extension of time, concentration is gradually reduced, and concentration of emission is with time relationship：
Y=3 × 10-7t2-0.001t+1.14
As shown in Figure 14, N2The growth of O concentration over time, concentration is gradually reduced, concentration of emission and time curve For：
Y=2 × 10-6t2-0.008t+8.056
According to the CH being fitted4With time curve, CH in asphalt roller compaction process is calculated4Volumetric concentration：
Ppm=%LEL*LEL (VOL%) * 100=1.5 × 10-4t2-0.1t+570
According to CH4The volumetric concentration of conversion and the CO of fitting2、N2Relative with relational expression, the percent of greenhouse gases of table 8 of time point of O The parameters such as son amount, 35 DEG C of the mark Site Detection of Ji Shan eight temperature, calculate the mass concentration of each greenhouse gases in pitch roller compaction process：
The detection that asphalt rolls greenhouse gases is carried out after bituminous mixture laying, and test point is identical, In order to be consistent with bituminous mixture laying, join using paver paving width as lateral parameter, by longitudinal direction of longitudinal 1m Number, it is identical with the calculating parameter that paves that asphalt rolls calculating parameter, is shown in Table 14；
According to the gaseous mass concentration calculated and the structural parameters in time relationship and table 14, calculate Ji Shan eight and mark pitch Compound roller compaction process asphalt high temperature discharge amount is：
According to same computational methods, remaining 15 Construction of Asphalt Pavement section roller compaction process high temperature carbon emission is carried out respectively Calculate, as a result see Figure 15；
By marking the calculating of asphalt high temperature discharge to Ji Shan eight, show that the unit process asphalt high temperature is arranged Result of calculation is put, as shown in Table 15；
The Ji Shan eight of table 15 mark asphalt high temperature discharge (mg)
Unit process Pitch is heated Mix Transport Pave Roll
Carbon emission amount 3518 23234 204340 982441 15437364
According to same computational methods, remaining 15 asphalt surface course each unit pyrocarbon discharge is calculated respectively, and The total high temperature carbon emission amount in every section is drawn, result of calculation is shown in Table 16.
The asphalt high temperature carbon emission amount (mg) of table 16
From the carbon emission amount result of calculation of table 16, asphalt laminating unit process high temperature carbon emission amount is maximum, stand Paving carbon emission amount is taken second place, and other unit process asphalt high temperature discharge amounts are relatively low.
Asphalt surface course high temperature carbon emission analysis of Influential Factors：
Found in asphalt high temperature discharge Site Detection, asphalt high temperature discharge and asphalt content and pitch Type has a much relations, the present invention in order to further study the factor of influence asphalt high temperature discharge, to asphalt type and Bitumen aggregate ratio is analyzed.
(1) asphalt type
In 16 construction sections investigated, it is mainly the drip of road oil to build the asphalt type that asphalt surface course uses Blue or green, SBS modified pitch and rubber modified asphalt；Arranged by different sections of highway Construction of Asphalt Pavement overall process asphalt high temperature Put the asphalt high temperature discharge result of calculation of Site Detection and the gained of table 16, using the carbon emission average of same type as Typical value, is compared, as shown in Figure 16 to the discharge of different pitches type construction overall process pyrocarbon；
As shown in Figure 16, the carbon emission amount of different pitches type is different, and wherein bi tumenf orr oad carbon emission amount is minimum, SBS takes second place, rubber asphalt highest, and rubber asphalt carbon emission is high compared with SBS by 26%, and rubber asphalt and SBS are compared with bi tumenf orr oad Difference high 156% and 102%；Therefore, in low-carbon technology research, use, the control drip of low-carbon asphalt mixture can be improved The measures such as blue or green mixture construction temperature, reduce the high temperature discharge of asphalt, realize the low-carbon technology of Construction of Asphalt Pavement.
(2) asphalt bitumen aggregate ratio (ratio of asphalt content and the consumption that gathers materials)
By asphalt surface course high temperature carbon emission Site Detection, asphalt high temperature discharge mostlys come from pitch and existed Discharge under high temperature；Because Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission is evaluated using 1 ton of asphalt as functional unit, with bitumen aggregate ratio Increase, asphalt content gradually increases, it is necessary to be analyzed with bitumen aggregate ratio relation asphalt high temperature discharge.
According to the investigation of construction section asphalt bitumen aggregate ratio and the Asphalt Mixture high temperature discharge result of calculation of table 16, Different bitumen aggregate ratio asphalt work progress high temperature discharges are compared, as shown in Figure 17.
As shown in Figure 17, asphalt high temperature carbon emission increases with the increase of bitumen aggregate ratio, and fit curve equation is：
Y=1183x-35.61
Therefore, in Bitumen Mix Design, optimum oil-stone ratio should be determined according to Marshall method, entered And reduce asphalt high temperature discharge.
Step 5, the calculating of Construction of Asphalt Pavement total carbon emission：The calculating of Construction of Asphalt Pavement total carbon emission is related to The high temperature carbon emission two large divisions of energy resource consumption carbon emission and pitch and asphalt, calculates each unit process according to the following formula Total carbon emission：
With reference to different energy sources type asphalt surface course in Construction of Asphalt Pavement each unit energy resource consumption carbon emission amount, table 6 in table 5 Carbon emission amount of constructing and the Asphalt Mixture high temperature carbon emission result of calculation of table 16, can draw 16 section asphalt surface course carbon rows Total amount is put, result of calculation is shown in Table 17.
The Construction of Asphalt Pavement total carbon emission (mg) of table 17
Step 6, sets up carbon emission metewand value, and carry out grade classification to carbon emission；
(1) surface layer carbon emission metewand value
Carbon emission metewand value chooses " emission reduction targets value ", " actual measurement carbon emission average value ", " confidence of 95% fraction The upper limit "
As the cut off value of carbon emission grade classification, using equivalent carbon emission as evaluation index to Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon Discharge carries out effective evaluation；
Described emission reduction targets value is the value of national " 12 " policy planning, is an emission reduction meter of national transportation industry Value is drawn, is more satisfactory situation, each surface layer emission reduction targets value is as shown in table 18；
Each surface layer emission reduction targets value of the Construction of Asphalt Pavement of table 18
Surface layer structure Carbon emission ratio (%) Carbon emission amount E0(kg)
Upper layer 38.17 41.261
Middle surface layer 34.56 37.343
Cutting optimal 16.16 29.474
Described actual measurement carbon emission average value is the average value of 16 investigated construction section carbon emissions；
95% described fraction confidence upper limit is to arrange the estimate that total amount calculates obtained sample average according to the carbon of table 17.
It should be noted that the difference in order to reduce the carbon emission evaluation result caused by category of roads difference, in pitch In the investigation of surface construction carbon source, selection work capacity is strong, overall qualities are high, construction quality is guaranteed, influences smaller to carbon emission Highway, Class I highway be used as respondent；In the design of high-grade asphalt surface course surface layer, surface layer structure is generally comprised Upper layer, middle surface layer, the part of cutting optimal three, due to control time, ability to work, construction environment, economic dispatch factor restriction, It is difficult to carry out the investigation of three surface layers to same section, in investigation, carry out generally directed to a surface layer and investigate, therefore, In the evaluation of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission, the metewand value of three surface layers is set up respectively, the evaluation of different surface layers is realized.
(2) surface layer carbon emission grade classification
In order to preferably embody Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission actual state, in carbon emission evaluation, carbon emission is evaluated Divide four grades, (excellent), B etc. (good), C etc. such as A (in), D etc. (poor), the evaluation cut off value of selection be emission reduction targets value, Survey carbon emission average value, the confidence upper limit of 95% fraction；Because carbon emission metewand value is a scope, when interval model When enclosing excessive, it is impossible to be well the evaluation service of low-carbon environment-friendly emission reduction effect, therefore, divided in carbon emission metewand value In, by B etc. (good) and C etc. (in) carry out two grades division, with emission reduction targets value with actual measurement carbon emission average interval intermediate value, reality Carbon determination discharges average with the interval intermediate value of 95% fraction confidence lower limit as two grades of division cut off value, by the difference such as B etc. and C It is divided into B-1 etc., B-2 etc. and C-1 etc. and C-2 etc..
Step 7, according to total carbon emission, carbon emission metewand value and carbon emission grade classification, sets up bituminous sheaths respectively Layer, middle surface layer and cutting optimal total carbon emission evaluation criterion above layer；
Each surface layer emission reduction targets value and carbon emission grading standard can obtain Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission in table 18 Total amount metewand value, is shown in Table 19.
The surface layer carbon emission metewand value of table 19
In order to which Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission metewand value is better described, the present invention is evaluated by taking upper layer as an example The calculating of a reference value.In table 19, A etc. and B etc. cut off value 41.261kg is the emission reduction targets value in table 18；B etc. and C etc. Cut off value 47.018kg be upper layer actual measurement carbon emission average in actual measurement carbon emission average, i.e. table 17, B-1 etc. and B-2's etc. Cut off value is upper layer emission reduction targets value and actual measurement carbon emission mean of mean, i.e. (47.018+41.261)/2= 44.139kg；The cut off value such as C etc. and D 61.349kg is the upper layer actual measurement fraction confidence upper limit of carbon emission amount 95%, using table Upper layer actual measurement carbon emission, which is calculated, in 17 obtains, and C-1 etc. and C-2 etc. are to survey in carbon emission average and 95% fraction confidence The average value of limit is used as cut off value, i.e. (47.018+61.349)/2=54.183kg.
The proposition of each surface layer total carbon emission metewand value of asphalt surface course, not only can be with the current asphalt surface course of effective evaluation Construction carbon emission present situation, and each unit process carbon emission metewand value can be proposed by total carbon emission a reference value, Evaluated for unit process carbon emission.
Step 8, sets up the corresponding surface layer carbon emission metewand value of 8 unit processes：
In the investigation of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon source, carbon source investigation is divided into 8 unit processes, each unit process due to Energy resource consumption is different with mixed material heating temperature, and emission effect has differences, therefore, it is necessary to unit in carbon emission evaluation Process carries out effective evaluation, determines carbon emission grade.
The a reference value of asphalt surface course carbon emission is had determined that in table 19, in conjunction with each surface units process carbon emission ratio Weight, can calculate unit process carbon emission metewand value；In table 17, it is known that each section unit process carbon emission amount with On the basis of total carbon emission amount, the average value using each surface layer carbon emission proportion draws Construction of Asphalt Pavement list as typical value First carbon emission proportion, is shown in Table 20.
The Construction of Asphalt Pavement unit process carbon emission proportion of table 20
Unit process Upper layer (%) Middle surface layer (%) Cutting optimal (%)
Place windrow 0.78 0.85 0.97
Gather materials feeding 0.98 0.97 1.18
Gather materials heating 41.02 47.03 59.28
Pitch is heated 8.45 9.51 12.21
Asphalt mixture mixing 0.04 0.05 0.06
Asphalt is transported 0.71 0.69 0.82
Bituminous mixture laying 4.35 3.72 3.11
Asphalt is rolled 43.68 37.18 22.37
Unit process carbon emission metewand value calculation formula is：
Ei0=ωi·E0
In above formula, Ei0A reference value is discharged for i unit processes emission reduction targets；ωiFor i unit process carbon emission proportions；E0For Emission reduction targets carbon emission a reference value.Described carbon emission proportion be corresponding 3 surface layers of each unit process in, each surface layer Unit process carbon emission amount accounts for the ratio of total carbon emissions amount.
Surface layer carbon emission metewand value, 8 unit process carbon emission ratios determined by table 20 according to determined by table 19 Weight and unit process carbon emission metewand value calculation formula can calculate the carbon emission metewand value of 8 units respectively；
Carbon emission metewand value provides the classification standard of carbon emission when weighing Construction of Asphalt Pavement, is being built for differentiating Whether asphalt surface course carbon emission is qualified to provide a good evaluation method.Construction of Asphalt Pavement 8 will be listed respectively below The carbon of unit
Metewand value is discharged, metewand value is shown in Table shown in 21 to table 28.
The place windrow carbon emission metewand value of table 21
Table 22 gathers materials feeding process carbon emission metewand value
Table 23 gathers materials heating process carbon emission metewand value
The pitch heating process carbon emission metewand value of table 24
The asphalt mixture mixing carbon emission metewand value of table 25
The asphalt of table 26 transports carbon emission metewand value
The bituminous mixture laying process carbon emission metewand value of table 27
The asphalt roller compaction process carbon emission metewand value of table 28
Above embodiment is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than is limited, in embodiment All parameters are obtained by the carbon emission statistics of Site Detection method and relevant department, although previous embodiment is to this hair It is bright to be described in detail, for those skilled in the art, remain able to by the skill described in previous embodiment Art scheme modifies or carried out to replace on an equal basis accordingly, and these modifications or substitutions, claimed without departing from the present invention Technical scheme scope.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one, construction carbon emission source is divided
Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission is originated on being investigated according to gas and being divided into place windrow, gather materials with the different phase detected Expect, heating of gathering materials, pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, asphalt transport, bituminous mixture laying, asphalt Roll totally 8 units；
Step 2, selectes energy resource consumption carbon emission calculating parameter
Energy caloric value, the energy carbon emission factor and global warming potential are chosen as calculating parameter, and by carbon dioxide, methane Equivalent carbon emission is converted into nitrous oxide；
Step 3, the calculating of energy resource consumption carbon emission amount
There is energy resource consumption carbon emission source in Construction of Asphalt Pavement：Diesel oil, coal, weight oil and gas, wherein natural gas are divided into again Pipe natural gas and compressed natural gas, the consumption carbon emission amount respectively originated are calculated as follows：
In following calculation formula, i and j difference representative unit processes and the type of greenhouse gases, wherein：I=1 represents place heap Material, i=2 represent the feeding that gathers materials, i=3 represent gather materials heating, i=4 represent that pitch is heated, i=5 represents asphalt mixture mixing, I=6 represents asphalt transport, i=7 and represents bituminous mixture laying, i=8 and represent asphalt and roll；J=1 is represented Carbon dioxide, j=2 represent methane, j=3 and represent nitrous oxide；
1. diesel consumption carbon emission amount is calculated according to the following formula：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;eta;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </munderover> <msub> <mi>GWP</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>EF</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In formula, EeiFor diesel oil greenhouse gas emissions (mg/kg)；ViFor diesel-fuel consumption (L)；ηiFor diesel oil oxidation rate (%)；ρi For diesel oil density (kg/L)；QiFor diesel oil calorific capacity (MJ/kg)；EFjFor the carbon emission factor (mg/MJ) based on diesel oil caloric value； GWPjFor global warming potential；
Place windrow, the feeding that gathers materials, the asphalt that formula (1) is used to measure using diesel oil as the energy transport, pave and roll The calculating of carbon emission in unit process；
2. coal/heavy oil carbon emission is calculated according to the following formula：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;eta;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </munderover> <msub> <mi>GWP</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>EF</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In formula, EeiFor the greenhouse gas emissions (mg/kg) of coal/heavy oil；miFor the consumption (kg) of coal/heavy oil；ηiFor coal/weight Oil firing rate (%)；QiFor coal/heavy oil calorific capacity (MJ/kg)；EFjFor the emission factor (mg/MJ) based on coal/heavy oil calorific capacity；
Formula (2) is used to calculate using coal/heavy oil as the carbon emission of the energy during pitch heating, the heating unit that gathers materials；
3. pipe natural gas and compressed natural gas carbon emission are calculated respectively according to the following formula：
Pipe natural gas carbon emission amount calculation formula is as follows：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;eta;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </munderover> <msub> <mi>GWP</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>EF</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Compressed natural gas carbon emission amount calculation formula is as follows：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;eta;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </munderover> <msub> <mi>GWP</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>EF</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Above in two formulas, EeiFor natural gas carbon emission amount (mg/kg)；ViFor gas consumption (m3)；ηiFor the oxidation of natural gas Rate (%)；μ is that liquefied natural gas liquefies than (%)；QiFor natural gas unit caloric value (MJ/kg)；EFjTo be generated heat based on natural gas The carbon emission factor (mg/MJ) of amount；
Formula (3), (4) are used for during pitch heating, the heating unit that gathers materials, and are calculated using natural gas as the carbon emission of the energy；
Step 4, asphalt pyrocarbon Emission amount calculation
Asphalt high temperature carbon emission occurs in pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, asphalt transport, pitch mixing Material paves, asphalt laminating unit process；
1. pitch heating high temperature carbon emission amount is calculated according to the following formula：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <munderover> <mi>&amp;Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </munderover> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>GWP</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mi>G</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In formula, EciFor pitch heated gas discharge amount (mg/kg)；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases Site Detection concentration；A is asphalt content；Pa is the ratio of asphalt content and the consumption that gathers materials, and V is container volume (L)；GWPjFor jth kind temperature The global warming potential of room gas, G is asphalt quality (t)；
2. asphalt mixture mixing process high temperature carbon emission amount is calculated according to the following formula：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <munderover> <mi>&amp;Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </munderover> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>GWP</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mi>G</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In formula, EciFor asphalt mixture mixing carbon emission amount (mg/kg)；ρijIt is dense for i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases Site Detection Degree；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；V is mixing building discharging gas withdrawal rate (m/s)；S is mixing building The open area that discharges (m2)；G is compound load (t) in the mixing building unit interval；T is asphalt discharging time (s)；
3. asphalt transport high temperature carbon emission amount is calculated according to the following formula：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <munderover> <mi>&amp;Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </munderover> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>GWP</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mi>G</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In formula, EciFor asphalt transport carbon emission amount (mg/kg)；ρijIt is dense for i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases Site Detection Degree；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；G is the carrying capacity (t) of transport vehicle；S is transport vehicle carriage area (m2)；V is road speed (km/h)；T is the transport vehicle traveling unit kilometer time (h) used；
4. bituminous mixture laying high temperature carbon emission amount is calculated according to the following formula：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msubsup> <mo>&amp;Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </msubsup> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </munderover> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>GWP</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mi>G</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In formula, EciFor bituminous mixture laying carbon emission amount (mg/kg)；ρijIt is dense for i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases Site Detection Degree；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；x1For pavement spread width (m)；y1For pavement spread length (m)；h For surface thickness (m), t is the time (s) of 1m needs of paving；V is spreading speed (m/s)；ρsFor road surface core boring sampling density (g/ cm3)；G is the mixture quality (t) in reference area, G=ρs·x1·y1·h；
5. asphalt is calculated according to the following formula rolls high temperature carbon emission amount：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&amp;Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </msubsup> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </munderover> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>GWP</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mi>G</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In above formula, t1Required time, the same formula of remaining meaning of parameters (8) when tending to atmospheric concentration for discharge gas concentration；
Step 5, calculates the total carbon emission of each unit process according to the following formula：
<mrow> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mn>8</mn> </munderover> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mn>8</mn> </munderover> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In formula, E is total carbon emission；EeFor energy resource consumption total carbon emission；EcFor Construction of Asphalt Pavement high temperature total carbon emission；
Step 6, sets up carbon emission metewand value, and carry out grade classification to carbon emission；
Step 7, according to total carbon emission, carbon emission metewand value and carbon emission grade classification, sets up asphalt surface course respectively Upper layer, the middle and the lower layer total carbon emission evaluation criterion；
Step 8, sets up the corresponding surface layer carbon emission metewand value of 8 unit processes, and each unit process is calculated according to the following formula Carbon emission metewand value：
Ei0=ωi·E0 (11)
In above formula, Ei0A reference value is discharged for i unit processes emission reduction targets；ωiFor i unit process carbon emission proportions；E0For emission reduction mesh Mark carbon emission a reference value.Described carbon emission proportion be corresponding 3 surface layers of each unit process in, the unit process of each surface layer Carbon emission amount accounts for the ratio of total carbon emissions amount.
2. described Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step In two, described energy caloric value is chosen《China Statistical Yearbook 2014》The energy caloric value of middle offer is used as China's asphalt surface course Construction energy caloric value, carries out the calculating of energy resource consumption carbon emission；
The energy carbon emission factor that the described energy carbon emission factor is provided using APCC is as China's Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon Emission factor；
The global warming potential that described global warming potential chooses APCC propositions is used as calculating parameter.
3. Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step four, When carrying out the calculating of asphalt surface course high temperature carbon emission, because methane is fuel gas, the percentage of fuel gas is contained during calculating Amount is converted into volumetric concentration, and conversion formula is：
Ppm=%LEL*LEL (VOL%) * 100
In formula, ppm is the volumetric concentration of measured gas；%LEL is measured gas volume percent concentration；LEL (VOL%) For the LEL of fuel gas correspondence range；
After volumetric concentration is calculated, in addition it is also necessary to which volumetric concentration is converted into mass concentration, conversion formula is：
<mrow> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>M</mi> <mn>22.4</mn> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>273</mn> <mrow> <mn>273</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>/</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mn>101325</mn> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> </mrow>
In formula, ρ is the mass concentration (mg/m of discharge gas3)；M is gas relative molecular weight；Ppm is dense for the volume for determining gas Degree；T is temperature (DEG C)；Ba is pressure (MPa).
4. Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step six, Carbon emission metewand value chooses " emission reduction targets value ", " actual measurement carbon emission average value ", " confidence upper limit of 95% fraction " work For the cut off value of carbon emission grade classification；
Described emission reduction targets value is to be calculated to obtain according to national " 12 " emission reduction targets value, and reflection is national policy planning Value, is an emission reduction plan of national transportation industry, is more satisfactory situation；
Described actual measurement carbon emission average value is obtained according to the mean value calculation of investigation construction section carbon emission；
95% described fraction confidence upper limit is the estimate that sample average is obtained according to each surface layer carbon discharge capacity account；
It is A etc., B etc., C etc. and D etc. by the grade classification of carbon emission, wherein, A etc. and B etc. cut off value are " emission reduction targets value ", B etc. and C etc. cut off value is " actual measurement carbon emission average value ", and C etc. and D etc. cut off value are " 95% fraction confidence upper limit ".
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CN108629505A (en) * 2018-05-02 2018-10-09 长安大学 A kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission method for quantitatively evaluating
CN109325669A (en) * 2018-09-04 2019-02-12 长安大学 A kind of tourmaline modified pitch comprehensive performance evaluation and ratio optimization method
CN109614575A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-04-12 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 A kind of measuring and calculating construction site asphalt itself discharges CO2Calculation method
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CN113469589A (en) * 2021-09-03 2021-10-01 阿里云计算有限公司 Carbon emission control method, level detection method, computing device and medium
CN114637967A (en) * 2022-04-06 2022-06-17 河北光太路桥工程集团有限公司 Accounting method for carbon emission in whole process of asphalt concrete surface layer pavement
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