CN107122591B - A kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method - Google Patents

A kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method Download PDF

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CN107122591B
CN107122591B CN201710199183.8A CN201710199183A CN107122591B CN 107122591 B CN107122591 B CN 107122591B CN 201710199183 A CN201710199183 A CN 201710199183A CN 107122591 B CN107122591 B CN 107122591B
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彭波
曹世江
蔡春丽
耿九光
戴学臻
李德文
华学礼
杨帆
赵武辉
李文瑛
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Changan University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation methods, the evaluation method is according to the difference of Construction of Asphalt Pavement unit process, Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission is divided into place windrow, the feeding that gathers materials, heating of gathering materials, pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, transports, pave, roll totally 8 units, carbon emission source is defined as the carbon emission two parts of energy consumption carbon emission, pitch and asphalt caused by the use of mechanical equipment and transport vehicle at high operating temperatures；The present invention is under the historical background of energy-saving and emission-reduction and low-carbon environment-friendly, corresponding Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission calculation formula is established according to the difference of construction cell process and carbon source, and carbon emission amount is classified, on this basis, establish asphalt surface course carbon emission evaluation method, research direction is specified from high carbon emission to the transformation of low-carbon emission mode for Construction of Asphalt Pavement process from now on, it is significant to the flow of research for alleviating greenhouse effects and propulsion low-carbon type highway.

Description

A kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy-conserving and emission-cutting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of evaluation method of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission.
Background technique
As the harm of global warming bring is got worse, people have gradually recognized the discharge of control greenhouse gases Through very urgent, and CO2、CH4、N2Chief component of the O as greenhouse gases is the primary study object of energy-saving and emission-reduction, by In CO2Proportion is maximum in greenhouse gases, and about 60%, therefore, general name of one word of carbon emission as greenhouse gases is commonly used, Other greenhouse gases are converted into equivalent CO when calculating carbon emission amount2, to calculate the total emission volumn of greenhouse gases, and then sentence The intensity of disconnected greenhouse effects.
Transportation industry is one of the important sources of energy consumption and carbon emission, caused by highway traffic infrastructure construction Carbon emission also gradually attracts people's attention.Statistical data shows that China's transportation industry carbon emission amount is about 4.53 hundred million tons every year, Expecting the year two thousand thirty is up to 11.08 hundred million tons, and road infrastructure is built using fossil fuel as the energy, and asphalt is in height More greenhouse gases are generated in warm situation, are not consistent with the energy-saving and emission-reduction that international community is advocated, it is seen then that road industry Low-carbon technology research have very big prospect.
Some researchs have been carried out to Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission both at home and abroad, but there are following two points in research process not Foot: first is that Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission research is mainly unfolded according to the energy, the research of asphalt high temperature discharge is not yet opened Begin, the exploratory stage is still belonged to the quantitative calculating of carbon emission；Second is that China lacks the Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation side of system Method, evaluation index and grade scale can not define, so that low-carbon technology exploitation lacks necessary theoretical foundation with application, it is not bright Aobvious specific aim is unfavorable for building low-carbon environment-friendly asphalt surface course.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon Evaluation method is discharged to be efficiently applied in Practical Project, the evaluation method is to the carbon emission during current Construction of Asphalt Pavement Amount is calculated, and is classified for carbon emission degree, for differentiating whether qualification provides in the asphalt surface course carbon emission built Reasonable and objective foundation.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, construction carbon emission source divide
Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission source is investigated according to gas and is divided into place windrow, collection with the different phase detected Expect that feeding, heating of gathering materials, pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, asphalt transport, bituminous mixture laying, pitch are mixed It closes material and rolls totally 8 units；
Step 2 selectes energy consumption carbon emission calculating parameter
Energy calorific value, the energy carbon emission factor and global warming potential are chosen as calculating parameter, and by carbon dioxide, Methane and nitrous oxide are converted into equivalent carbon emission；
Step 3, the calculating of energy consumption carbon emission amount
There is energy consumption carbon emission source in Construction of Asphalt Pavement: diesel oil, coal, weight oil and gas, wherein natural gas is again It is divided into pipe natural gas and compressed natural gas, the consumption carbon emission amount in each source calculates as follows:
In following calculation formula, i and j respectively represent the type of unit process and greenhouse gases, in which: i=1 represents field Ground windrow, i=2 representative gather materials, and feeding, i=3 represent heating of gathering materials, i=4 represents pitch heating, i=5 represents asphalt Mix, i=6 represent asphalt transport, i=7 represents bituminous mixture laying, i=8 represents asphalt and rolls；J= 1 represents carbon dioxide, j=2 represents methane, j=3 represents nitrous oxide；
1. calculating diesel consumption carbon emission amount according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0001355169570000021
In formula, EeiFor diesel oil greenhouse gas emissions (mg/kg)；ViFor diesel-fuel consumption (L)；ηiFor diesel oil oxidation rate (%)；ρiFor diesel oil density (kg/L)；QiFor diesel oil calorific capacity (MJ/kg)；EFjFor the carbon emission factor based on diesel oil calorific value (mg/MJ)；GWPjFor global warming potential；
Formula (1) for measure using diesel oil as the place windrow of the energy, the feeding that gathers materials, asphalt transport, pave and The calculating of carbon emission during laminating unit；
2. calculating coal/heavy oil carbon emission according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0001355169570000022
In formula, EeiFor coal/heavy oil greenhouse gas emissions (mg/kg)；miFor coal/heavy oil consumption (kg)；ηiFor Coal/heavy oil combustion rate (%)；QiFor coal/heavy oil calorific capacity (MJ/kg)；EFjFor based on coal/heavy oil calorific capacity emission factor (mg/MJ)；
Formula (2) during pitch heating, the heating unit that gathers materials using coal/heavy oil as the carbon emission of the energy for calculating；
3. calculating separately pipe natural gas and compressed natural gas carbon emission according to the following formula:
Pipe natural gas carbon emission amount calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001355169570000023
Compressed natural gas carbon emission amount calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001355169570000024
Above in two formulas, EeiFor natural gas carbon emission amount (mg/kg)；ViFor gas consumption (m3)；ηiFor natural gas Oxygenation efficiency (%)；μ is that liquefied natural gas liquefies than (%)；QiFor natural gas unit calorific value (MJ/kg)；EFjFor based on natural gas The carbon emission factor (mg/MJ) of calorific value；
Formula (3), (4) for pitch heating, during the heating unit that gathers materials, using natural gas as the carbon emission of the energy in terms of It calculates；
Step 4, asphalt pyrocarbon Emission amount calculation
Asphalt high temperature carbon emission occurs in pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, asphalt transport, pitch Mixture laying, asphalt laminating unit process；
1. calculating pitch according to the following formula heats high temperature carbon emission amount:
In formula, EciFor pitch heated gas discharge amount (mg/kg)；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases on-site test Concentration；
Figure GDA0001355169570000031
A is asphalt content (t)；Pa is the ratio of asphalt content with dosage of gathering materials, and V is container volume (L)；GWPj For the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases, G is asphalt quality (t)；
2. calculating asphalt mixture mixing process high temperature carbon emission amount according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0001355169570000032
In formula, EciFor asphalt mixture mixing carbon emission amount (mg/kg)；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases scene Detectable concentration；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；V is that mixing building discharges gas withdrawal rate (m/s)；S is Mixing building discharging open area (m2)；G is mixture load (t) in the mixing building unit time；T is asphalt discharging time (s)；
3. calculating asphalt transport high temperature carbon emission amount according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0001355169570000033
In formula, EciCarbon emission amount (mg/kg) is transported for asphalt；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases scene Detectable concentration；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；G is the carrying capacity (t) of transport vehicle；S is transport vehicle carriage Area (m2)；V is running speed (km/h)；T is that transport vehicle travels the time (h) used in unit kilometer；
4. calculating bituminous mixture laying high temperature carbon emission amount according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0001355169570000034
In formula, EciFor bituminous mixture laying carbon emission amount (mg/kg)；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases scene Detectable concentration；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；x1For pavement spread width (m)；y1It is long for pavement spread It spends (m)；H be surface thickness (m), t be pave 1m needs time (s)；V is spreading speed (m/s)；ρsFor road surface core boring sampling Density (g/cm3)；G is the mixture quality (t) in reference area, G=ρs·x1·y1·h；
5. calculating asphalt according to the following formula rolls high temperature carbon emission amount:
Figure GDA0001355169570000035
In above formula, t1Required time, remaining meaning of parameters same formula when tending to atmospheric concentration for discharge gas concentration (8)；
Step 5 calculates the total carbon emission of each unit process according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0001355169570000041
In formula, E is total carbon emission；EeFor energy consumption total carbon emission；EcIt is total for Construction of Asphalt Pavement high temperature carbon emission Amount；
Step 6 establishes carbon emission evaluation criteria value, and carries out grade classification to carbon emission；
Step 7 establishes bituminous sheaths according to total carbon emission, carbon emission evaluation criteria value and carbon emission grade classification respectively The upper surface of layer layer, middle surface layer and cutting optimal total carbon emission evaluation criterion；
On the basis of each surface layer carbon emission a reference value has been determined, in conjunction with the practical each list in 16 investigated section of inventor The average value of first each surface layer carbon emission specific gravity of process, a reference value that can be evaluated with determination unit process carbon emission, by bituminous sheaths Layer each unit construction total carbon emission can obtain the specific gravity of each unit process carbon emission, with being averaged for each surface layer carbon emission specific gravity Value is used as typical value, Construction of Asphalt Pavement each unit process carbon emission specific gravity is obtained, with emission reduction targets carbon emission a reference value, unit Process carbon emission specific gravity and surface layer carbon emission evaluation criteria value can obtain the carbon emission evaluation criteria of different surface layer different units Value, evaluates Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission with the corresponding carbon emission grade classification of carbon emission evaluation criteria value.
Step 8 establishes the corresponding surface layer carbon emission evaluation criteria value of 8 unit processes, calculates each unit mistake according to the following formula The carbon emission evaluation criteria value of journey:
Ei0=ωi·E0
In above formula, Ei0A reference value is discharged for i unit process emission reduction targets；ωiFor i unit process carbon emission specific gravity；E0For Emission reduction targets carbon emission a reference value.The carbon emission specific gravity is the list of each surface layer in corresponding 3 surface layers of each unit process First process carbon emission amount accounts for the ratio of total carbon emissions amount.
Further, in the step two, the energy calorific value is chosen in " China Statistical Yearbook 2014 " and is provided Energy calorific value as China's Construction of Asphalt Pavement energy calorific value, carry out the calculating of energy consumption carbon emission；
The energy carbon emission factor is the judgement energy greenhouse gas emission degree proposed according to energy calorific value An important parameter, characterization different energy sources generate the size of the ability of greenhouse gases, and the present invention is using energy provided by APCC The source carbon emission factor is as China's Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission factor；
The global warming potential is the size measured various greenhouse gases and generate greenhouse effects abilities, for the ease of When carbon emission calculates, various greenhouse gases are converted into equivalent carbon dioxide, carry out the calculating of carbon emission, the present invention chooses the world The global warming potential that climate change special commission APCC is proposed is as calculating parameter.
Further, in the step four, when carrying out the calculating of asphalt surface course high temperature carbon emission, since methane is flammable Gas, using the degree of fuel gas in sensor setting, and can not be by combustible gas in carbon emission calculating The degree of body is converted directly into quality, needs for the degree of fuel gas to be converted into volumetric concentration, and conversion is public Formula are as follows:
Ppm=%LEL*LEL (VOL%) * 100
In formula, ppm is the volumetric concentration of measured gas；%LEL is measured gas volume percent concentration；LEL (VOL%) lower explosion limit of range is corresponded to for fuel gas；
In the present solution, carbon emission detection instrument is the more gas detecting instruments of ZR-3100 type, and the range of the instrument methane It is 0~100%, corresponding lower explosion limit is 5%VOL, volumetric concentration is converted methane to by volumetric concentration conversion formula, Unify measurement gas unit, and the calculating of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission is based on mass concentration, therefore, it is necessary to by volume Concentration is converted to mass concentration, conversion formula are as follows:
Figure GDA0001355169570000051
In formula, ρ is the mass concentration (mg/m of discharge gas3)；M is gas relative molecular weight；Ppm is the body for measuring gas Product concentration；T is temperature (DEG C)；Ba is pressure (MPa).
Further, in the step six, carbon emission evaluation criteria value chooses " emission reduction targets value ", " actual measurement carbon emission Average value ", the cut off value of " confidence upper limit of 95% fraction " as carbon emission grade classification；
The emission reduction targets value is calculated according to national " 12th Five-Year Plan " emission reduction targets value, and reflection is national policy Planning value is an emission reduction plan of national transportation industry, is more satisfactory situation；
The actual measurement carbon emission average value is obtained according to the mean value calculation of investigation construction section carbon emission；
The 95% fraction confidence upper limit is to obtain the estimated value of sample average according to each surface layer carbon discharge capacity account；
It is A etc., B etc., C etc. and D etc. by the grade classification of carbon emission, wherein the cut off value of A etc. and B etc. are " emission reduction targets Value ", the cut off value of B etc. and C etc. are " actual measurement carbon emission average value ", and the cut off value of C etc. and D etc. are " in 95% fraction confidence Limit ".
The present invention has following technical characterstic compared with prior art:
1. previous bituminous pavement carbon emission is studied mainly for energy consumption carbon emission, the method for the present invention includes The pitch of carbon emission and construction site detection that energy consumption generates and high temperature carbon emission two parts of asphalt, in evaluation Hold more comprehensive.
2. it is more common main including two kinds in carbon emission evaluation method, first is that evaluation of life cycle method, second is that comprehensive Metrics evaluation method, but both methods evaluation index disunity are closed, index weights are typically by means of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combination expert Scoring calculates, and when backing material is insufficient, artificial misjudgment easily occurs, causes evaluation result inaccurate, the present invention adopts It uses equivalent carbon emission as evaluation index, can intuitively embody the carbon emission situation of institute's survey item, can also reduce human factor Influence to carbon emission evaluation result, to preferably carry out the evaluation of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission.
Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission source is divided into place windrow, the feeding that gathers materials, heating of gathering materials, pitch 3. proposing Heating, asphalt mix, transport, pave and roll totally 8 units, each unit according to carbon emission carbon source it is different again It is subdivided into the high temperature carbon emission of energy consumption carbon emission and pitch and asphalt, the more detailed asphalt surface course that analyzes is applied Row's carbon source of work carbon emission simultaneously proposes calculation formula for the different energy and unit process.
4. the present invention is to the energy consumption carbon emission amount and high temperature carbon emission amount of the corresponding surface layer of multiple bituminous pavements and every The total carbon emission of asphalt surface course carries out quantitative calculating, is classified on this basis to carbon emission amount, to make classification more It is objective；Carbon emission evaluation criteria value provides the classification standard of carbon emission when measuring Construction of Asphalt Pavement, is building drip for differentiating Whether qualification provides a good evaluation method to green surface layer carbon emission.Meanwhile it is higher for carbon emission amount in the present invention Place has carried out certain analysis, takes corresponding energy-saving and emission-reduction suggestion and measure, slows down greenhouse effects, construction green to reach The purpose of road.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Construction of Asphalt Pavement process carbon emission source schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of 16 section unit process energy consumption carbon emission mean values；
Fig. 3 is the carbon emission amount schematic diagram that the consumption of pitch heating process different energy sources generates；
Fig. 4 be gather materials heating process different energy sources consumption generate carbon emission amount schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is pitch heating process high temperature carbon emission amount result schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is asphalt mixture mixing process high temperature carbon emission amount result schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is asphalt transportational process high temperature discharge amount schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is that paver greenhouse gases detect sample distribution structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is CO2Concentration changes schematic diagram along paver width direction；
Figure 10 is CH4Concentration changes schematic diagram along paver width direction；
Figure 11 is N 20 concentration changes schematic diagram along paver width direction；
Figure 12 is bituminous mixture laying process high temperature discharge amount schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is CO2The relation schematic diagram of concentration of emission and time；
Figure 14 is CH4The relation schematic diagram of concentration of emission and time；
Figure 15 is N2The relation schematic diagram of 0 concentration of emission and time；
Figure 16 is asphalt roller compaction process high temperature discharge amount schematic diagram；
Figure 17 is different pitches type asphalt high temperature total carbon emission contrast schematic diagram；
Figure 18 is different bitumen aggregate ratio asphalt high temperature total carbon emission contrast schematic diagrams.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that since carbon emission evaluation is built upon on mass data, in order to embody bituminous sheaths as far as possible Layer construction technology and carbon emission are horizontal, the method that the present invention is combined using field investigation and on-site test, to the multiple provinces in the whole nation Part project in construction carry out field investigation and detection, carry out data sampling, mainly include Shaanxi, Henan, Tianjin, Yunnan, Gansu, The Huang on the ground such as Xinjiang, Hunan prolongs one mark of high speed, prolongs two mark of high speed, eight mark of Ji Shan high speed, the western mark of outer ring 19 of Binhai New District, three wash rices At a high speed three marks, three wash rices high speed, four marks, western salty high speed, G310, G3014, western copper high speed, protect pain high speed, Yongdeng to ancient wave at a high speed, elm High speed one of pacifying is marked, elm is pacified, and two marks, clear Li high speed, Zhuan Tian bis- mark totally 16 sections at a high speed.
Calculating parameter and calculation formula and the specific table of combination below by way of energy consumption carbon emission and high temperature carbon emission Lattice and attached drawing are illustrated the carbon emission calculation method in 16 sections, on this basis, calculate each section carbon emission amount simultaneously Carbon emission grade scale and appraisement system are established, for the ease of understanding evaluation method of the invention, is designated as in invention with Ji Shan eight Example carries out specific embodiment introduction.
Project profile:
Eight absolute altitude speed of Ji Shan is located at Tianjin midtown east, is the vertical important composition of nine cross five in the freeway net of Tianjin Part, mileage pile No. be K0+4.137-18+K532.704, about 18.529 kilometers of route overall length, wherein width of roadway 22 Rice, surface layer core boring sampling density are ρsFor 2.45g/cm3, bitumen aggregate ratio 5.0%, asphalt label 70#, compactness 98%, Ji Shan eight marks 35 DEG C of on-site test temperature, and asphalt high temperature discharge is using the on-site test in work progress.
Ji Shan eight marks Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, construction carbon emission source divide
It investigates by gas and is divided with the different phase detected in Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission source are as follows: place windrow gathers materials Feeding, heating of gathering materials, pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, asphalt transport, bituminous mixture laying, pitch mixing Material rolls totally 8 units；
It defines in the carbon emission source of 8 units divided in step 1 are as follows: a part is by mechanical equipment operation and transport vehicle Carbon emission caused by energy consumption, another part is as caused by pitch and asphalt gaseous volatilization at high operating temperatures High temperature carbon emission.
Step 2 selectes energy consumption carbon emission calculating parameter
When carrying out the calculating of energy consumption carbon emission, it is latent to choose energy calorific value, the energy carbon emission factor and global warming Value is used as calculating parameter, converts equivalent carbon emission for methane and nitrous oxide；
Energy calorific value: energy calorific value is the released heat of energy burning, and calorific value is related with energy source type, The energy calorific value provided in " 2014 China Statistical Yearbook " that the present invention is announced using China is as the Construction of Asphalt Pavement energy Calorific value, energy calorific value are as shown in table 1.
1 energy calorific value of table
It can source name Energy calorific value (MJ/kg) Stoichiometric standard coal conversion factor
Coal 20.308 0.7143
Heavy oil 41.816 1.4286
Diesel oil 42.652 1.4571
Natural gas 38.931 1.330
The energy carbon emission factor: characterization different energy sources generate the size of greenhouse gases ability, and the present invention is provided using IPCC The carbon emission factor as calculating parameter, the energy carbon emission factor is shown in Table 2.
2 energy carbon emission factor of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000071
Global warming potential: the size that different greenhouse gases generate greenhouse effects ability is characterized, selects world's gas in invention The global warming potential of variation special commission IPCC proposition is waited as calculating parameter, global warming potential is shown in Table 3.
3 global warming potential of table
Greenhouse gases GWP
Methane (CH4) 25
Nitrous oxide (N2O) 298
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 1
Step 3, the calculating of energy consumption carbon emission amount
Mainly there are diesel oil, coal, weight oil and gas in energy consumption carbon emission source in Construction of Asphalt Pavement, wherein natural Gas is divided into pipe natural gas and compressed natural gas again；During construction cell, the carbon emission that source consumption generates, which mostlys come from, to be applied The operation and use of work machine and equipment, energy consumption type are shown in Table 4；
4 unit process energy consumption type of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000072
Since construction technology, energy source type, the newness degree of construction machinery and model etc. be not no during Construction of Asphalt Pavement Together, the influence to carbon emission is different, by the energy carbon emission calculation formula such as diesel oil, coal, heavy oil, natural gas and energy consumption The calculating of total carbon emission calculation formula obtains investigating 16 section energy consumption unit process carbon emission amounts and different type The carbon emission amount and energy total carbon emission of the energy；Wherein, energy consumption unit process carbon emission amount and energy consumption carbon row It puts total amount and is shown in Table 5, the carbon emission amount and energy consumption total carbon emission of the different type energy are shown in Table 6.
5 Construction of Asphalt Pavement each unit energy consumption carbon emission amount (mg) of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000073
Figure GDA0001355169570000081
6 different energy sources type Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission amount of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000082
Figure GDA0001355169570000091
In table 5,16 section unit process energy consumption carbon emission amounts and total carbon emission are calculated separately, to survey 16 The mean value of section unit process carbon emission is typical value, carries out different units process carbon emission and compares, comparison result is shown in Fig. 2 institute Show.As shown in Figure 2, different units process carbon emission differs greatly, and is apparently higher than other unit mistakes wherein gathering materials and heating carbon emission Journey accounts for about the 76.3% of energy consumption total carbon emission, and pitch heating is taken second place, and accounts for about the 15.7% of total carbon emission, and other Unit process carbon emission amount is smaller.It therefore, can be by reducing gather materials heating and pitch heating unit in low-carbon technology research The carbon emission of process reaches emission reduction purpose.
16 section energy source types and energy-output ratio have been calculated in table 6, and has combined carbon source investigation and unit process Carbon emission amount, gathers materials heating using 16 sections investigated and pitch heats the mean value of identical energy carbon emission as typical value, into The carbon emission of heating and pitch heating unit process different energy sources type of row gathering materials compares, and comparison result is as shown in Figure 3.
By in Fig. 3 pitch heat and gather materials heating unit process different energy sources carbon emission it was found that, the carbon emission of coal Amount is maximum, and heavy oil takes second place, and natural gas is minimum.Wherein the carbon emission amount of coal is 1.33 times of natural gas, and heavy oil carbon emission is natural 1.12 times of gas.Therefore, it in low-carbon technology research, can be arranged by changing energy source type, improving utilizing etc. for clean energy resource Apply reduction carbon emission.
Step 4, asphalt pyrocarbon Emission amount calculation
Asphalt high temperature discharge occurs mainly in pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, transports, paves and rolls In unit process；
(1) pitch heating high temperature carbon emission calculates
On-site test, testing result are carried out to pitch heating process greenhouse gases using ZR-3100 type more gas detecting instruments It is shown in Table 7.
7 Ji Shan eight of table marks pitch heated gas discharge on-site test
Gas type CO2(ppm) CH4(%LEL) N2O(ppm)
Sample number (a) 15 15 15
Standard deviation 11.837 0.073 0.734
Average value 538 1.4 5.6
The coefficient of variation (%) 2.21 5.2 13.11
Typical value 538 1.4 5.6
It is analyzed by the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of pitch heating unit process greenhouse gas emission Concentration Testing sample, system Metering meets the requirement of coefficient of variation CV≤15%, can be used as statistical data sample.
By the on-site test value in table 7, CH during pitch heating unit is calculated4Volumetric concentration:
Ppm=%LEL × LEL (VOL%) × 100=1.4 × 5 × 100=700
3 kinds of greenhouse gases relative molecular masses are shown in Table 8.
8 greenhouse gases relative molecular mass of table
Gas type CO2 CH4 N2O
Relative molecular mass 44 16 44
According to the concentration Testing value in table 7,8 percent of greenhouse gases relative molecular weight of table, each temperature in pitch heating process is calculated The mass concentration of room gas:
Figure GDA0001355169570000102
Figure GDA0001355169570000103
It calculates Ji Shan eight and marks pitch heating unit process carbon emission amount: being marked in Construction of Asphalt Pavement in Ji Shan eight, bitumen aggregate ratio Pa=5.0%, container volume V=5.6 × 10‐3m3, asphalt sample quality G=1.1kg, ρjFor greenhouse gases mass concentration, can obtain Ji Shan eight marks pitch heating unit process carbon emission:
According to same calculation method, the pitch that 16 project sections can be obtained heats carbon emission calculated result, such as Fig. 4 institute Show.
Carbon emission is discharged by pitch heating unit process asphalt high-temperature to calculate it is found that the section G310 and G3014 pitch is high Warm drain is apparently higher than other unit processes；It is found in the investigation of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon source, G310 and G3014 are upper layers Making, asphalt type are SBS modified pitch, and asphalt heating temperature is high, and discharge amount is big.In addition, temperature control in pitch heating It is an influence factor of pitch heating high temperature discharge.
(2) asphalt mixture mixing high temperature carbon emission calculates
Asphalt mixture mixing temperature with higher, releases more greenhouse gases, therefore, it is necessary to according to mixing building Specification, establish the carbon emission computation model of asphalt mixture mixing process；In on-site test, due to one face closure three of mixing building Face is open, therefore is sampling section with three face of mixing building, and each sampling section sample amount is 15, and with all sampled point mean values work For concentration typical value, detected using the more gas detecting instruments of ZR-3100 type, detection data is as shown in table 9.
9 Ji Shan eight of table marks asphalt mixture mixing gas and discharges on-site test value
Figure GDA0001355169570000111
Pass through the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of asphalt mixture mixing unit process greenhouse gas emission Concentration Testing sample Analysis, statistic meet the requirement of coefficient of variation CV≤15%, can be used as statistical data sample；
According to CH in table 94On-site test concentration calculates CH during asphalt mixture mixing4Volumetric concentration:
Ppm=%LEL × LEL (VOL%) × 100=1.6 × 5 × 100=800
On-site test temperature 35 is marked according to gas concentration detected value, 8 greenhouse gases relative molecular weight of table, Ji Shan eight in table 9 DEG C etc. parameters, calculate asphalt mixture mixing during three kinds of greenhouse gases mass concentration:
Figure GDA0001355169570000112
Figure GDA0001355169570000113
Figure GDA0001355169570000114
It calculates Ji Shan eight and marks asphalt mixture mixing process carbon emission amount:
Mixing building on-site test parameter is as shown in table 10.
10 Ji Shan eight of table marks asphalt mixture mixing process-field detection parameters
Parameter v(m/s) s(m2) G(t) t(s)
Numerical value 0.31 1.44 4 12
According to the calculating parameter of the mass concentration for 3 kinds of greenhouse gases being calculated and mixing building on-site test, drip is substituted into Carbon emission calculation formula during green mixture mix show that Ji Shan eight marks asphalt mixture mixing carbon emission amount:
Figure GDA0001355169570000115
With same calculation method, the carbon emission amount in remaining 15 section, 16 section carbon emission calculated results can be obtained As shown in Figure 5；As shown in Figure 5, asphalt mixture mixing process carbon emission difference is unobvious.
It should be understood that since asphalt mixture mixing process high temperature detection time is short, vulnerable to air speed influence, in pitch In mixture on-site test, calm weather is selected as far as possible, to improve the accuracy of detection data, while increasing detection sample size, Reduce error caused by sample statistics.
(3) asphalt transport high temperature carbon emission calculates
On-site test is carried out in transport vehicle roof using the more gas detecting instruments of ZR-3100 type, sampled point is 3, is each adopted The sample size of sampling point is 15, and using sample average as typical value, asphalt transport gas discharge on-site test result is shown in Shown in table 11.
11 Ji Shan eight of table marks asphalt transport high temperature gas and discharges on-site test result
Figure GDA0001355169570000121
Pass through the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of asphalt delivery unit process greenhouse gas emission Concentration Testing sample Analysis, statistic meet the requirement of coefficient of variation CV≤15%, according to 11 on-site test void fraction of table, can calculate pitch CH in mixture transportational process4Volumetric concentration are as follows:
Ppm=%LEL × LEL (VOL%) × 100=1.7 × 5 × 100=850
On-site test temperature 35 is marked according to the concentration Testing value in table 11,8 percent of greenhouse gases relative molecular weight of table, Ji Shan eight DEG C etc. parameters, calculate pitch heating process in 3 kinds of greenhouse gases mass concentration:
Figure GDA0001355169570000122
Figure GDA0001355169570000123
Figure GDA0001355169570000124
Calculate Ji Shan eight and mark asphalt transport carbon emission amount: it is long that Tianjin Ji Shan eight marks asphalt mixture trucks compartment 7.25m, wide 2.496m, carrying capacity 77t, the running speed 25km/h of transport vehicle substitute into greenhouse gases mass concentration ρij, can must drip Green mixture transports carbon emission amount:
Asphalt shipping parameters are marked according to asphalt transportational process high temperature discharge calculation formula and Ji Shan eight, it is right Ji Shan eight is marked asphalt high temperature discharge and is calculated, and high temperature discharge amount is 204340mg.With same method to remaining 15 section asphalt transport high temperature carbon emissions are calculated, and calculated result is as shown in Figure 6.
It will be appreciated from fig. 6 that Huang prolong a mark, prolong two marks, G3014 asphalt transport high temperature discharge be apparently higher than other roads Section, by carbon source investigation and analysis of Influential Factors it is found that asphalt transport is influenced by carrying capacity, compartment area etc., existing In field detecting, these influence factors should be comprehensively considered, reduce the influence of transportational process asphalt high temperature carbon emission.
(4) bituminous mixture laying high temperature carbon emission calculates
Bituminous mixture laying is marked to Ji Shan eight using ZR-3100 type more gas detecting instruments and carries out on-site test, in pitch In mixture laying gas detection, sampled point is 5, and each sampled point sample size is 10, bituminous mixture laying gas row It is as shown in Figure 7 to put detection sampling point distributions；
Standard deviation, coefficient of variation analysis are carried out to sampled point sample data, statistic meets coefficient of variation CV≤15% It is required that can be used as statistical data sample, bituminous mixture laying process effluent gas detection data is as shown in table 12.
12 bituminous mixture laying gas of table discharges on-site test value
Figure GDA0001355169570000132
It should be understood that due to asphalt gas concentration of emission with paver detection position difference and Difference needs to establish the data relationship of gas concentration of emission Yu paver width with paver paving width there are certain relationship, By the average value of 12 carbon emission on-site test of table, CO is respectively obtained2、CH4And N2The graph of relation of O concentration and paver endpoint, As shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10；
Fig. 9,10,11 have been fitted CO respectively2、CH4、N2The relational expression of O concentration and paver and end-point distances, matched curve Linear relationship is good.Different tri- parameter value differences of greenhouse gases a, b, c are obtained by the formula being fitted in figure Conic section y=ax2The coefficient value of+bx+c is as shown in table 13.
13 whose conic coefficient value of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000133
Figure GDA0001355169570000141
The whose conic coefficient in gas concentration profile and table 13 being fitted according to Fig. 9,10,11 calculates pitch mixing Expect CH4 volumetric concentration in paving process are as follows:
Ppm=%LEL*LEL (VOL%) * 100=-6x2+75x+805
According to the matched curve of concentration Testing value and paving width in table 12,8 greenhouse gases relative molecular weight of table, Ji Shan The parameters such as eight 35 DEG C of on-site test temperature of marks, calculate the mass concentration of each greenhouse gases during bituminous mixture laying are as follows:
Figure GDA0001355169570000142
Figure GDA0001355169570000143
Figure GDA0001355169570000144
Ji Shan eight is marked on big 1600 type, paving width 11.1m, Ji Shan in paver model employed in paving process Eight mark bituminous mixture laying structural parameters are as shown in table 14.
14 Ji Shan eight of table marks bituminous mixture laying structural parameters
Parameter x1(m) y1(m) h(m) ρs(g/cm3)
Numerical value 11.1 1 0.07 2.45
According to the curve matching of bituminous mixture laying gas concentration of emission and paver width, calculates Ji Shan eight and mark pitch Mixture laying process high temperature discharge amount are as follows:
Figure GDA0001355169570000145
It is detected using same calculation method and according to the investigation of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon source and situ concentration, to remaining 15 Construction section carbon emission is effectively calculated, as shown in figure 11；As shown in Figure 11, Huang Yan mono- mark, prolong two marks, G310 and G3014 high temperature discharge is apparently higher than other construction sections, finds that they belong to upper layer in the investigation of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon source Construction, and the sections such as relatively low Binhai New District western outer ring 19 mark of discharge amount, eight mark of Ji Shan south are that cutting optimal is constructed, and are adopted With bi tumenf orr oad, construction temperature is low, and asphalt high temperature discharge amount is low, therefore, comments in Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission In valence, different carbon emission evaluation criteria values can be proposed according to the difference of construction surface layer respectively.
(5) asphalt rolls the calculating of high temperature carbon emission
Bituminous mixture laying is marked to Ji Shan eight using ZR-3100 type more gas detecting instruments and carries out on-site test, according to drip Green mixture rolls gas concentration of emission and detection time, is fitted gas concentration of emission and time relationship respectively.CO2、CH4、N2O Concentration of emission and time relationship are respectively as shown in Figure 12,13,14；
As shown in Figure 12, as time increases, CO2Concentration is gradually reduced, and concentration of emission and time are in good line Sexual intercourse, relational expression are as follows:
Y=5 × 10-5t2-0.241t+616.4
As shown in Figure 13, CH4Concentration is with the extension of time, concentration gradually decreases, concentration of emission and time relationship are as follows:
Y=3 × 10-7t2-0.001t+1.14
As shown in Figure 14, N2With the growth of time, concentration gradually decreases O concentration, concentration of emission and time curve Are as follows:
Y=2 × 10-6t2-0.008t+8.056
According to the CH being fitted4With time curve, CH in asphalt roller compaction process is calculated4Volumetric concentration:
100=1.5 × 10 ppm=%LEL*LEL (VOL%) *-4t2-0.1t+570
According to CH4The volumetric concentration of conversion and the CO of fitting2、N2Opposite with the relational expression of time, 8 percent of greenhouse gases of table point of O Son amount, Ji Shan eight mark the parameters such as 35 DEG C of on-site test temperature, calculate the mass concentration of each greenhouse gases in pitch roller compaction process:
The detection that asphalt rolls greenhouse gases is carried out after bituminous mixture laying, and test point is identical, It is longitudinal parameter using paver paving width as lateral parameter, with longitudinal 1m to be consistent with bituminous mixture laying, It is identical as the calculating parameter that paves that asphalt rolls calculating parameter, is shown in Table 14；
According to the structural parameters in gaseous mass concentration calculated and time relationship and table 14, calculates Ji Shan eight and mark pitch Mixture roller compaction process asphalt high temperature discharge amount are as follows:
Figure GDA0001355169570000154
According to same calculation method, remaining 15 Construction of Asphalt Pavement section roller compaction process high temperature carbon emission is carried out respectively It calculates, the result is shown in Figure 15；
By marking the calculating of asphalt high temperature discharge to Ji Shan eight, show that the unit process asphalt high temperature is arranged Calculated result is put, as shown in Table 15；
15 Ji Shan eight of table marks asphalt high temperature discharge (mg)
Unit process Pitch heating Mix Transport It paves It rolls
Carbon emission amount 3518 23234 204340 982441 15437364
According to same calculation method, remaining 15 asphalt surface course each unit pyrocarbon discharge is calculated respectively, and Show that the total high temperature carbon emission amount in every section, calculated result are shown in Table 16.
16 asphalt high temperature carbon emission amount (mg) of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000155
Figure GDA0001355169570000161
By 16 carbon emission amount calculated result of table it is found that asphalt laminating unit process high temperature carbon emission amount is maximum, booth Paving carbon emission amount is taken second place, and other unit process asphalt high temperature discharge amounts are lower.
Asphalt surface course high temperature carbon emission analysis of Influential Factors:
It is found in asphalt high temperature discharge on-site test, asphalt high temperature discharge and asphalt content and pitch Type has a much relations, and the present invention influences the factor of asphalt high temperature discharge in order to further study, to asphalt type and Bitumen aggregate ratio is analyzed.
(1) asphalt type
In 16 construction sections investigated, building the asphalt type that asphalt surface course uses is mainly the drip of road petroleum Green, SBS modified pitch and rubber modified asphalt；Pass through different sections of highway Construction of Asphalt Pavement overall process asphalt high temperature discharge On-site test and the resulting asphalt high temperature discharge calculated result of table 16, using the carbon emission mean value of same type as representative Value is compared the discharge of different pitches type construction overall process pyrocarbon, as shown in Figure 16；
As shown in Figure 16, the carbon emission amount of different pitches type is different, and wherein bi tumenf orr oad carbon emission amount is minimum, SBS takes second place, and rubber asphalt highest, rubber asphalt carbon emission is compared with SBS high 26%, and rubber asphalt and SBS are compared with bi tumenf orr oad Difference high 156% and 102%；Therefore, in low-carbon technology research, use, the control drip of low-carbon asphalt mixture can be improved The measures such as green mixture construction temperature, reduce the high temperature discharge of asphalt, realize the low-carbon technology of Construction of Asphalt Pavement.
(2) asphalt bitumen aggregate ratio (ratio of asphalt content and dosage of gathering materials)
By asphalt surface course high temperature carbon emission on-site test it is found that asphalt high temperature discharge mostlys come from pitch exists Discharge under high temperature；Since Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission is evaluated using 1 ton of asphalt as functional unit, with bitumen aggregate ratio Increase, asphalt content is gradually increased, needs to analyze asphalt high temperature discharge and bitumen aggregate ratio relationship.
According to 16 Asphalt Mixture high temperature discharge calculated result of the investigation of construction section asphalt bitumen aggregate ratio and table, Different bitumen aggregate ratio asphalt work progress high temperature discharges are compared, as shown in Figure 17.
As shown in Figure 17, asphalt high temperature carbon emission increases, fit curve equation with the increase of bitumen aggregate ratio are as follows:
Y=1183x-35.61
Therefore, in Bitumen Mix Design, optimum oil-stone ratio should be determined according to Marshall method, into And reduce asphalt high temperature discharge.
Step 5, the calculating of Construction of Asphalt Pavement total carbon emission: the calculating of Construction of Asphalt Pavement total carbon emission is related to The high temperature carbon emission two large divisions of energy consumption carbon emission and pitch and asphalt calculates each unit process according to the following formula Total carbon emission:
Figure GDA0001355169570000162
In conjunction with different energy sources type asphalt surface course in Construction of Asphalt Pavement each unit energy consumption carbon emission amount in table 5, table 6 Carbon emission amount of constructing and 16 Asphalt Mixture high temperature carbon emission calculated result of table, can obtain 16 section asphalt surface course carbon emissions Total amount, calculated result are shown in Table 17.
17 Construction of Asphalt Pavement total carbon emission (mg) of table
Step 6 establishes carbon emission evaluation criteria value, and carries out grade classification to carbon emission；
(1) surface layer carbon emission evaluation criteria value
Carbon emission evaluation criteria value chooses " emission reduction targets value ", " actual measurement carbon emission average value ", " confidence of 95% fraction The upper limit "
As the cut off value of carbon emission grade classification, using equivalent carbon emission as evaluation index to Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon Discharge carries out effective evaluation；
The emission reduction targets value is the value of national " 12th Five-Year Plan " policy planning, is an emission reduction meter of national transportation industry Value is drawn, is more satisfactory situation, each surface layer emission reduction targets value is as shown in table 18；
Each surface layer emission reduction targets value of 18 Construction of Asphalt Pavement of table
Surface layer structure Carbon emission ratio (%) Carbon emission amount E0(kg)
Upper layer 38.17 41.261
Middle surface layer 34.56 37.343
Cutting optimal 16.16 29.474
The actual measurement carbon emission average value is the average value of 16 investigated construction section carbon emissions；
The 95% fraction confidence upper limit is the estimated value that the sample average that total amount is calculated is arranged according to 17 carbon of table.
It should be noted that in order to reduce the difference of carbon emission evaluation result caused by category of roads difference, in pitch In the investigation of surface construction carbon source, selection work capacity is strong, overall qualities are high, construction quality is guaranteed, influences on carbon emission smaller Highway, Class I highway is as respondent；In the design of high-grade asphalt surface course surface layer, surface layer structure is generally comprised Surface layer, middle surface layer, cutting optimal three parts are difficult due to the restriction of the factors such as control time, ability to work, construction environment, economy The investigation that three surface layers are carried out to same section is carried out investigation generally directed to a surface layer, therefore, is being dripped in investigation In green surface construction carbon emission evaluation, the evaluation criteria value of three surface layers is established respectively, realizes the evaluation of different surface layers.
(2) surface layer carbon emission grade classification
In order to preferably embody Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission actual state, in carbon emission evaluation, carbon emission is evaluated Divide four grades, (good), C etc. such as A etc. (excellent), B (in), (poor), the evaluation cut off value of selection such as D be emission reduction targets value, reality Carbon determination discharges the confidence upper limit of average value, 95% fraction；Since carbon emission evaluation criteria value is a range, work as interval range It can not well be the evaluation service of low-carbon environment-friendly emission reduction effect when excessive, therefore, in the division of carbon emission evaluation criteria value, By B etc. (good) and C etc. (in) carry out second level division, with emission reduction targets value and actual measurement carbon emission mean value section intermediate value, actual measurement carbon The section intermediate value for discharging mean value and 95% fraction confidence lower limit divides cut off value as second level, and B etc. and C etc. are respectively divided into B-1 etc., B-2 etc. and C-1 etc. and C-2 etc..
Step 7 establishes bituminous sheaths according to total carbon emission, carbon emission evaluation criteria value and carbon emission grade classification respectively The upper surface of layer layer, middle surface layer and cutting optimal total carbon emission evaluation criterion；
Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission can be obtained by surface layer emission reduction targets value each in table 18 and carbon emission grading standard Total amount evaluation criteria value, is shown in Table 19.
19 surface layer carbon emission evaluation criteria value of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000181
Figure GDA0001355169570000191
In order to which Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation criteria value is better described, the present invention is evaluated by taking upper layer as an example The calculating of a reference value.In table 19, the cut off value 41.261kg of A etc. and B etc. is the emission reduction targets value in table 18；B's etc. and C etc. Cut off value 47.018kg is actual measurement carbon emission mean value, i.e., upper layer surveys carbon emission mean value, point of B-1 etc. and B-2 etc. in table 17 Dividing value is upper layer emission reduction targets value and actual measurement carbon emission mean of mean, i.e. (47.018+41.261)/2=44.139kg； The cut off value such as C etc. and D 61.349kg is upper layer actual measurement 95% fraction confidence upper limit of carbon emission amount, using upper layer in table 17 Actual measurement carbon emission is calculated, and C-1 etc. and C-2 etc. are made with the average value for surveying carbon emission mean value and 95% fraction confidence upper limit For cut off value, i.e. (47.018+61.349)/2=54.183kg.
The it is proposed of each surface layer total carbon emission evaluation criteria value of asphalt surface course, not only can be with the current asphalt surface course of effective evaluation Construction carbon emission status, and each unit process carbon emission evaluation criteria value can be proposed by total carbon emission a reference value, it uses It is evaluated in unit process carbon emission.
Step 8 establishes the corresponding surface layer carbon emission evaluation criteria value of 8 unit processes:
In the investigation of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon source, carbon source investigation is divided into 8 unit processes, each unit process due to Energy consumption is different with mixed material heating temperature, and emission effect has differences, and therefore, in carbon emission evaluation, needs to unit Process carries out effective evaluation, determines carbon emission grade.
The a reference value that asphalt surface course carbon emission is had determined that in table 19, in conjunction with each surface units process carbon emission ratio Weight, can calculate unit process carbon emission evaluation criteria value；In table 17, it is known that each section unit process carbon emission amount and total Carbon emission amount on the basis of, using the average value of each surface layer carbon emission specific gravity as typical value, obtain Construction of Asphalt Pavement unit Carbon emission specific gravity, is shown in Table 20.
20 Construction of Asphalt Pavement unit process carbon emission specific gravity of table
Unit process Upper layer (%) Middle surface layer (%) Cutting optimal (%)
Place windrow 0.78 0.85 0.97
Gather materials feeding 0.98 0.97 1.18
Gather materials heating 41.02 47.03 59.28
Pitch heating 8.45 9.51 12.21
Asphalt mixture mixing 0.04 0.05 0.06
Asphalt transport 0.71 0.69 0.82
Bituminous mixture laying 4.35 3.72 3.11
Asphalt rolls 43.68 37.18 22.37
Unit process carbon emission evaluation criteria value calculation formula are as follows:
Ei0=ωi·E0
In above formula, Ei0A reference value is discharged for i unit process emission reduction targets；ωiFor i unit process carbon emission specific gravity；E0For Emission reduction targets carbon emission a reference value.The carbon emission specific gravity is the list of each surface layer in corresponding 3 surface layers of each unit process First process carbon emission amount accounts for the ratio of total carbon emissions amount.
8 unit process carbon emission ratios according to determined by surface layer carbon emission evaluation criteria value, table 20 determined by table 19 Weight and unit process carbon emission evaluation criteria value calculation formula can calculate separately the carbon emission evaluation criteria value for obtaining 8 units；
Carbon emission evaluation criteria value provides the classification standard of carbon emission when measuring Construction of Asphalt Pavement, and differentiation is being built Whether qualification provides a good evaluation method to asphalt surface course carbon emission.Construction of Asphalt Pavement 8 will be listed respectively below The carbon emission evaluation criteria value of unit, evaluation criteria value are shown in Table 21 to shown in table 28.
21 place windrow carbon emission evaluation criteria value of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000201
Table 22 gathers materials feeding process carbon emission evaluation criteria value
Figure GDA0001355169570000202
Table 23 gathers materials heating process carbon emission evaluation criteria value
Figure GDA0001355169570000211
24 pitch heating process carbon emission evaluation criteria value of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000212
25 asphalt mixture mixing carbon emission evaluation criteria value of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000213
Figure GDA0001355169570000221
26 asphalt of table transports carbon emission evaluation criteria value
27 bituminous mixture laying process carbon emission evaluation criteria value of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000231
28 asphalt roller compaction process carbon emission evaluation criteria value of table
Figure GDA0001355169570000232
The above specific embodiment is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than is limited, in embodiment All parameters pass through on-site test method and the carbon emission statistics of relevant department obtains, although previous embodiment is to the present invention It is described in detail, for those skilled in the art, still is able to through the technology described in previous embodiment Scheme modifies or carries out to replace on an equal basis accordingly, and these modifications or substitutions, claimed without departing from the present invention The range of technical solution.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, construction carbon emission source divide
By Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission source according to gas investigate with detect different phase be divided into place windrow, gather materials on Expect, heating of gathering materials, pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, asphalt transport, bituminous mixture laying, asphalt Roll totally 8 units；
Step 2 selectes energy consumption carbon emission calculating parameter
Energy calorific value, the energy carbon emission factor and global warming potential are chosen as calculating parameter, and by carbon dioxide, methane Equivalent carbon emission is converted into nitrous oxide；
Step 3, the calculating of energy consumption carbon emission amount
There is energy consumption carbon emission source in Construction of Asphalt Pavement: diesel oil, coal, weight oil and gas, wherein natural gas is divided into again Pipe natural gas and compressed natural gas, the consumption carbon emission amount in each source calculate as follows:
In following calculation formula, i and j respectively represent the type of unit process and greenhouse gases, in which: i=1 represents place heap Material, i=2 represent the feeding that gathers materials, i=3 represents heating of gathering materials, i=4 represents pitch heating, i=5 represents asphalt mixture mixing, I=6 represent asphalt transport, i=7 represents bituminous mixture laying, i=8 represents asphalt and rolls；J=1 is represented Carbon dioxide, j=2 represent methane, j=3 represents nitrous oxide；
1. calculating diesel consumption carbon emission amount according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002086388140000011
In formula (1), EeiFor diesel oil greenhouse gas emissions, mg/kg；ViFor diesel-fuel consumption, L；ηiFor diesel oil oxidation Rate, %；ρiFor diesel oil density, kg/L；QiFor diesel oil calorific capacity, MJ/kg；EFjFor the carbon emission factor based on diesel oil calorific value, mg/MJ；GWPjFor global warming potential；
Formula (1) is transported, paves and is rolled by the place windrow of the energy, the feeding that gathers materials, asphalt of diesel oil for measuring The calculating of carbon emission in unit process；
2. calculating coal/heavy oil carbon emission according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002086388140000012
In formula (2), EeiFor coal/heavy oil greenhouse gas emissions, mg/kg；miFor coal/heavy oil consumption, kg；ηiFor Coal/heavy oil combustion rate, %；QiFor coal/heavy oil calorific capacity, MJ/kg；EFjFor based on coal/heavy oil calorific capacity emission factor, mg/ MJ；
Formula (2) during pitch heating, the heating unit that gathers materials using coal/heavy oil as the carbon emission of the energy for calculating；
3. calculating separately pipe natural gas and compressed natural gas carbon emission according to the following formula:
Pipe natural gas carbon emission amount calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002086388140000021
Compressed natural gas carbon emission amount calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002086388140000022
In formula (3), (4), EeiFor natural gas carbon emission amount, mg/kg；ViFor gas consumption, m3；ηiFor natural gas Oxygenation efficiency, %；μ is liquefied natural gas liquefaction ratio, %；QiFor natural gas unit calorific value, MJ/kg；EFjTo be sent out based on natural gas The carbon emission factor of heat, mg/MJ；
During formula (3), (4) are for pitch heating, the heating unit that gathers materials, calculated using natural gas as the carbon emission of the energy；
Step 4, asphalt pyrocarbon Emission amount calculation
Asphalt high temperature carbon emission occurs in pitch heating, asphalt mixture mixing, asphalt transport, pitch mixing Material pave, asphalt laminating unit process；
1. calculating pitch according to the following formula heats high temperature carbon emission amount:
Figure FDA0002086388140000023
In formula (5), EciFor pitch heated gas discharge amount, mg/kg；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases on-site test Concentration；
Figure FDA0002086388140000024
A is asphalt content；Pa is the ratio of asphalt content with dosage of gathering materials, and V is container volume, L；GWPjFor jth The global warming potential of kind greenhouse gases, G is asphalt quality, t；
2. calculating asphalt mixture mixing process high temperature carbon emission amount according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002086388140000031
In formula (6), EciFor asphalt mixture mixing carbon emission amount, mg/kg；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases scene Detectable concentration；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；V is mixing building discharging gas withdrawal rate, m/s；S is Mixing building discharging open area, m2；G is mixture load in the mixing building unit time, t；T is asphalt discharging time, s；
3. calculating asphalt transport high temperature carbon emission amount according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002086388140000032
In formula (7), EciFor asphalt transport carbon emission amount, mg/kg,；ρijIt is existing for i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases Field detecting concentration；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；G is the carrying capacity of transport vehicle, t；S is transport vehicle vehicle Compartment area, m2；V is running speed, km/h；T is that transport vehicle travels time used in unit kilometer, h；
4. calculating bituminous mixture laying high temperature carbon emission amount according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002086388140000033
In formula (8), EciFor bituminous mixture laying carbon emission amount, mg/kg；ρijFor i-th cell jth kind greenhouse gases scene Detectable concentration；GWPjFor the global warming potential of jth kind greenhouse gases；x1For pavement spread width, m；y1It is long for pavement spread Degree, m；H is surface thickness, m；T be pave 1m needs time, s；V is spreading speed, m/s；ρsIt is close for road surface core boring sampling Degree, g/cm3；G is the mixture quality in reference area, t；G=ρs·x1·y1·h；
5. calculating asphalt according to the following formula rolls high temperature carbon emission amount:
Figure FDA0002086388140000034
In formula (9), t1Required time, remaining meaning of parameters same formula when tending to atmospheric concentration for discharge gas concentration (8)；
Step 5 calculates the total carbon emission of each unit process according to the following formula:
In formula (10),EFor total carbon emission；EeFor energy consumption total carbon emission；EcFor Construction of Asphalt Pavement pyrocarbon row Put total amount；
Step 6 establishes carbon emission evaluation criteria value, and carries out grade classification to carbon emission；
Step 7 establishes asphalt surface course according to total carbon emission, carbon emission evaluation criteria value and carbon emission grade classification respectively Upper layer, the middle and the lower layer total carbon emission evaluation criterion；
Step 8 establishes the corresponding surface layer carbon emission evaluation criteria value of 8 unit processes, calculates each unit process according to the following formula Carbon emission evaluation criteria value:
Ei0=ωi·E0 (11)
In formula (11), Ei0A reference value is discharged for i unit process emission reduction targets；ωiFor i unit process carbon emission specific gravity；E0For Emission reduction targets carbon emission a reference value；The carbon emission specific gravity is the list of each surface layer in corresponding 3 surface layers of each unit process First process carbon emission amount accounts for the ratio of total carbon emissions amount.
2. Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step two, The energy calorific value chooses the energy calorific value provided in " China Statistical Yearbook 2014 " as China's Construction of Asphalt Pavement Energy calorific value carries out the calculating of energy consumption carbon emission；
The energy carbon emission factor is using the energy carbon emission factor provided by APCC as China's Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon Emission factor；
The global warming potential chooses the global warming potential of APCC proposition as calculating parameter.
3. Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step four, When carrying out asphalt surface course high temperature carbon emission and calculating, since methane is fuel gas, when calculating, contains the percentage of fuel gas Amount is converted into volumetric concentration, conversion formula are as follows:
Ppm=%LEL*LEL (VOL%) * 100
In above formula, ppm is the volumetric concentration of measured gas；%LEL is measured gas volume percent concentration；LEL (VOL%) lower explosion limit of range is corresponded to for fuel gas；
After calculating volumetric concentration, it is also necessary to which volumetric concentration is converted to mass concentration, conversion formula are as follows:
Figure FDA0002086388140000051
In above formula, ρ is the mass concentration of discharge gas, mg/m3；M is gas relative molecular weight；Ppm is that the volume of measurement gas is dense Degree；T is temperature, DEG C；Ba is pressure, MPa.
4. Construction of Asphalt Pavement carbon emission evaluation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step six, Carbon emission evaluation criteria value chooses " emission reduction targets value ", " actual measurement carbon emission average value ", " confidence upper limit of 95% fraction " work For the cut off value of carbon emission grade classification；
The emission reduction targets value is calculated according to national " 12th Five-Year Plan " emission reduction targets value, and reflection is national policy planning Value, is an emission reduction plan of national transportation industry, is more satisfactory situation；
The actual measurement carbon emission average value is obtained according to the mean value calculation of investigation construction section carbon emission；
The 95% fraction confidence upper limit is to obtain the estimated value of sample average according to each surface layer carbon discharge capacity account；
It is A etc., B etc., C etc. and D etc. by the grade classification of carbon emission, wherein the cut off value of A etc. and B etc. are " emission reduction targets value ", The cut off value of B etc. and C etc. are " actual measurement carbon emission average value ", and the cut off value of C etc. and D etc. are " 95% fraction confidence upper limit ".
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