CN116664360A - Carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking method for key industrial enterprises - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking method for key industrial enterprises, belongs to the technical field of carbon emission, and aims to solve the problem of cross-regional flow accounting and tracking of implicit carbon emission. The method comprises determining accounting boundary and emission source, calculating energy consumption of key industrial enterprises, calculating carbon emission of fossil fuel, and calculating carbon emission E of industrial production process Worker's work Calculating carbon emissions E for purchase power generation in accounting areas Electric power Calculation of carbon emissions E produced by thermal use in an accounting area Heat of the body Calculating carbon emission E generated by industrial sewage treatment in accounting area by countercurrent flow tracking Dirt and soil Calculating the carbon emission E generated by solid waste incineration in the accounting area Waste of Calculating the total carbon emission E of key industrial enterprises Waste of . The main innovation point of the invention is to make enterprises in petrochemical, chemical, building materials, steel, colored and other heavy industries in a certain areaAnd the production of the product is taken as a whole to carry out carbon emission accounting, and meanwhile, the problem that the hidden carbon emission cannot be tracked is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon emission accounting, and particularly relates to a carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking method for key industrial enterprises.
Background
Industrial enterprises are important microscopic bodies for promoting the green low-carbon development of the industrial field.
In the prior art, carbon emission accounting is a method for evaluating greenhouse gas emissions of enterprises or countries, and has the following disadvantages:
1. the precision is limited: due to limitations of data sources, calculation methods and other factors, the accuracy of carbon emission accounting is relatively low, and certain errors and uncertainties may exist.
2. The systematical insufficiency: carbon emission accounting can only reflect the overall emission of enterprises or countries, and is difficult to deeply analyze for specific emission in different departments and fields.
3. The monitoring difficulty is high: enterprises or countries need to monitor the emission condition of greenhouse gases regularly, and the monitoring difficulty is high, and certain conditions of missing report and false report may exist.
4. Lack of restraining force: carbon emissions accounting is only one assessment method, lacks mandatory and constraining forces, and may be a "falsified" situation for an enterprise or country.
The calculation accuracy of carbon emission of industrial enterprises at home and abroad is relatively low, the data availability is poor, and the main reasons for difficulty in large-scale popularization and application are as follows:
1. a variety of emissions sources and routes: for example, the production process of industrial enterprises involves a plurality of links and procedures, and a plurality of different emission sources and emission paths exist, such as a blast furnace, a converter, sintering and the like, and the number of the emission sources is huge and the complexity is high, so that the difficulty of emission accounting is caused.
2. The emission factors are complex and various: the emission factors of industrial enterprises are very complex, including fuel type, combustion mode, production process, raw material variety and quality, and the like, and different combinations of these factors can cause emission differences, thus increasing the difficulty of emission accounting.
3. Data starvation and quality problems: emission accounting for industrial enterprises requires collecting and collating a large amount of data including information on chemical components of raw materials, energy consumption, equipment parameters, etc., and these data have defects and quality problems, which affect the accuracy of emission accounting.
4. Monitoring and measurement technical limitations: some emission sources of industrial enterprises are difficult to realize continuous on-line monitoring, measurement is needed by means of on-site sampling and the like, and the limitations and errors of the methods can influence the accuracy of emission accounting.
Carbon flow tracking in the prior art refers to tracking the flow direction of a specific carbon emission source or specific carbon substance to determine its carbon emission. This method requires the flow of carbon substances to be tracked and recorded in time and space, and is commonly used to evaluate the carbon emissions of individual businesses or products. Carbon flow tracking is generally qualitative and careful, and can provide guidance for enterprises in planning carbon emission reduction.
The carbon flow tracking is to calculate the greenhouse gas emission of different links by tracking the flow paths of substances and energy sources. The main advantages compared to carbon emission accounting include:
1. the precision is high: by overall tracking of the material and energy flow paths, the accuracy of carbon emission calculations can be improved, especially for large complex production systems.
2. The traceability is strong: by tracking the flow paths of the substances and energy sources, the emission sources of the greenhouse gases can be accurately determined, so that the traceability of the emission data is higher.
3. The meaning is more profound: by tracking the material and energy flow paths, the carbon emission condition of the whole industrial chain can be better mastered, and support is provided for making a more scientific carbon emission reduction policy.
However, the defects are also apparent, and are specifically as follows:
1. the difficulty of data acquisition is high: carbon flow tracking requires tracking of flow paths of substances and energy sources, data acquisition for each flow path is required, and data acquisition is relatively difficult.
2. May be omitted during the tracking process: since the carbon flow tracking requires tracking the flow paths of all substances and energy sources, there may be cases of omission, thereby affecting the accuracy of the calculation result.
3. The calculation complexity is high: relative to carbon emissions accounting, carbon flow tracking requires more data to be processed and calculated, and is relatively complex to calculate, and there may be some pressure for systems with less computational power.
The carbon emission accounting method and the carbon flow tracking method have various characteristics, and the combination of the carbon emission accounting method and the carbon flow tracking method can make up the defects of the respective methods and improve the accuracy and the reliability of carbon emission accounting. The effective accounting of carbon emission of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products of important industrial industries such as electric power, steel, nonferrous materials, building materials, petrochemical industry, chemical industry, building industry and the like and important industry products also becomes a research direction which needs to be expanded at present, and is also a research tap for helping development of low-carbon energy industry. And a series of problems such as slow data update, different accounting apertures, lag of basic emission factors and the like of the current domestic carbon emission accounting system are also highlighted. The emission factor is an important parameter for carbon emission statistics accounting. The accounting boundary of each industry is different from the accounting method, so that reasonable calculation of carbon emission of key industrial enterprises is difficult to be carried out from the whole. In addition, during industrial processes, the products consume intermediate products and services in other areas or other departments, etc., thereby creating implicit carbon emissions, which often are difficult to efficiently calculate and accurately track.
For this reason, it is necessary to propose a principle, a boundary and a specific accounting method for carbon emission accounting of important industrial enterprises in a certain area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking method for key industrial enterprises. The method not only can realize the carbon emission accounting of key industrial enterprises contained in the region, but also can effectively account the carbon emissions of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products of key industrial products, and can solve the problem of cross-region flow accounting and tracking of the implicit carbon emissions.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a key industrial enterprise carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking method comprises the following steps:
s1, determining an accounting boundary and an emission source;
taking the industrial carbon emission as a benchmark, accounting main bodies are key industrial enterprises in a certain area;
the accounting boundary is direct carbon emission and indirect carbon emission of an industrial enterprise, as shown in table 3, reflecting the carbon emission of the whole industrial product production process, and realizing carbon flow tracking;
for industrial carbon emission, taking greenhouse gas emission of a production system as an accounting boundary; according to the production full period of products produced in different industries, respectively calculating carbon emission in different production stages, and finally obtaining the principle of total emission;
TABLE 3 definition of emissions ranges for industrial enterprises
S2, counting the energy consumption of key industrial enterprises;
during the accounting and reporting period, the energy consumption of the industrial enterprises is counted;
mainly comprises the consumption of fossil fuel, industrial production process (including the consumption of raw materials and the production of products), the electricity purchased and discharged, the thermal consumption and the waste produced in the production process (including the discharge of industrial sewage and the quality of solid waste).
S3, calculating the carbon emission amount of fossil fuel combustion;
(1) Counting the consumption amount of fossil energy in the accounting area, and converting the consumption amount of fossil energy into a heat metering unit:
heat=energy consumption amount×conversion coefficient;
(2) Calculating the carbon content:
combustion fuel carbon content = heat x fossil fuel carbon emission factor;
(3) Calculating the key industrial carbon emission:
actual carbon emission = carbon content x oxidation rate;
s4, calculating carbon emission E in industrial production process Worker's work ；
The flow of calculating the carbon emission of the industrial production process is as follows:
(1) Determining a calculation range: what needs to be explicitly calculated is an enterprise, a product, or a process, whereby the scope of the calculation and the required data are determined;
(2) And (3) data collection: the need to collect and sort relevant data including energy consumption, chemical usage, raw material consumption, etc.;
(3) Determining an emission factor: selecting a proper emission factor for calculating the carbon dioxide emission according to different emission sources and industries, wherein the emission factor refers to the carbon dioxide emission generated by a unit of active or consumed substance;
(4) Calculating the carbon dioxide emission: calculating carbon dioxide emission according to the collected data and emission factors;
(5) Data analysis and results presentation: the calculation result is analyzed, and the emission of different processes and industries can be compared so as to formulate effective carbon emission reduction measures;
s5, calculating carbon emission E generated by purchasing electric power in accounting area Electric power ；
Wherein:
inputting electric quantity of an accounting area in an accounting period, wherein MWh is as follows;
inputting electric quantity of an accounting area in an accounting period, wherein MWh is as follows;
EF electric power For the electric power carbon emission factor, 0.6671tCO is taken 2 /MWh；
S6, calculating carbon emission E generated by heat utilization in the accounting area Heat of the body ；
Wherein:
inputting heat of an accounting area for an accounting period, and MJ;
outputting heat of the accounting area for the accounting period, and MJ;
EF electric power For heat utilization, 0.11kg CO was taken 2 /MJ；
S7, calculating carbon emission E generated by industrial sewage treatment in accounting area through countercurrent flow tracking Dirt and soil ；
E Dirt and soil ＝AD Dirt and soil ×COD C ×B 1 ×MCF i
Wherein:
AD dirt and soil Is the industrial wastewater quantity in the accounting period, t;
COD C is the concentration of industrial wastewater, kgCOD/t;
B 1 taking 0.25 for maximum methane production capacity;
MCF i the methane correction factor is generally 0-0.4 for different industries;
s8, calculating the carbon emission E generated by solid waste incineration in the accounting area Waste of ；
E Waste of ＝AD Waste of ×η×EF i
Wherein:
AD waste of Mass, kg, of solid waste in the nucleic acid region;
η is the solid waste incineration treatment rate;
EF i indirect CO2 emission factor, kgCO, for solid waste incineration treatment 2 /kg；
Wherein:
E i CO generated for incineration treatment 2 Total amount of kgCO 2 ；
A is the total amount of solid waste incineration in the industrial enterprise site, kg;
CF i is the combustible carbon content, tC/t;
OF i is an oxidation factor;
i is various components of the incineration waste;
s9, calculating the complete carbon emission coefficient of key industrial enterprises;
the following carbon emission sources need to be considered in calculating the total carbon emission of key industrial enterprises:
1. direct discharge: mainly comprises the discharge amount of CO2 isothermal chamber gas generated by direct discharge activities such as fuel combustion, chemical process, solid waste treatment and the like;
2. and (3) indirect emission: the method mainly comprises indirect emission caused by power consumption, such as greenhouse gas emission generated in the power production process;
3. energy consumption: important industrial enterprises need to consider the energy consumption conditions, including energy types, consumption and the like, and different types of energy consumption can generate different amounts of greenhouse gas emission;
4. chemicals used in the production process: some chemicals used in the production process also produce emissions of greenhouse gases, such as fluorochlorocarbides and the like;
5. product use, waste treatment and other links: important industrial enterprises need to consider the greenhouse gas emission caused in the use process of the products and the greenhouse gas emission generated in the waste treatment process of the products;
in summary, calculating the total carbon emission of key industrial enterprises requires considering direct emission and indirect emission, and energy consumption is the most important aspect;
the following formula is expressed for various carbon emissions:
E total (S) ＝∑E Chemical conversion k +E Work k +E Electric k +E Heat k +E Dirt k +E Waste k
Wherein:
k is the kth key industrial enterprise in the accounting area; e (E) Chemical treatment 、E Worker's work 、E Electric power 、E Heat of the body 、E Dirt and soil 、E Waste of Respectively representing chemical industry carbon emission, industrial industry carbon emission, electricity consumption carbon emission, heat supply carbon emission, pollution treatment carbon emission and waste carbon emission;
at the same time, the column-high tigv inverse matrix (I-A) is utilized -1 Calculating the carbon data of the provincial and sub-division provided by the database to obtain the corresponding direct emission coefficient of each unit output and the strong direct emission of unit product productionA degree;
the invention uses K= (K) s i ) The direct emission coefficient matrix of the ith division of the s-th area is represented by the following specific formula:
wherein:
x s i total yield of the ith department of the s-th area;
e s i carbon dioxide emission amount of the ith division of the s-th zone;
the direct discharge intensity matrix may be calculated by the following formula:
D＝K(I-A) -1
wherein:
D＝(d rs ) ＝ is a row vector representing the complete carbon displacement produced by the r region as a result of the unit yield of the j industry of the s region;
summarizing and calculating historical carbon emission data through the formula to obtain total carbon emission; then, a direct emission coefficient matrix and a full emission intensity matrix are obtained based on the column-based tigff inverse matrix calculation, so that carbon emission traceability and carbon emission quantitative calculation of an independent production unit are realized; the direct carbon emission coefficient and complete carbon emission coefficient database is established by utilizing the carbon emission coefficient matrixes obtained by tracing, and data support is provided for analysis of carbon emission rules and emission reduction in the future;
s10, carrying out carbon emission flow analysis of each region by using a DEA method;
assuming n decision units, each decision unit has m inputs and s outputs, so that an evaluation system of multi-index inputs and outputs is formed; each decision unit (DMU) has an efficiency rating, the efficiency rating being formulated as:
x ij representing the input amount of each decision unit to the ith input;
Y rj representing the output of the j-th decision unit on the r-th output;
efficiency index h j The ratio of the output of the jth decision unit to the input economic efficiency is represented, and the larger the index value is, the higher the output of the jth decision unit can be obtained under the condition of the input establishment; or a relatively high yield with relatively little input;
the DEA effectively means that under the conditions of multiple investment and multiple output, the efficiency evaluation index of the DEA obtains an optimal value and obtains the optimal economic efficiency relative to other evaluation units;
focusing on a specific industry, refinements were made using the following formula:
C r ＝K(I-A) -1 F r
wherein:
K r a carbon emission intensity vector for the ith division of the r-th zone;
F r the final demand vector for the r-th region;
C r a total carbon dioxide emission vector for the r-th zone;
at C r C in vector rs Represents the portion of r-zone carbon emissions subject to s-zone final demand pull; at this time, the r region needs to be directly and indirectly consumed by the processing region;
correspondingly, the part of the carbon emission in the region j, which is pulled by the final requirement of the region r, namely the carbon emission amount flowing from the region r to the region s along with the transaction between the regions;
accordingly, the carbon emission in the s region flows into other regions by being pulled by the final requirement of the r region; i.e., the amount of carbon emissions flowing from r-zone to s-zone with inter-zone transactions;
from this, the amount of carbon emissions flowing from the J zone into the r zone in inter-zone trade can be calculated by the following formula:
T rs ＝c rs -c sr
when T is rs If the flow rate is greater than 0, the s region has a net inflow to the r region;
conversely, when T rs < 0, then; the s area has net outflow to the r area;
when T is r The r area is a net outflow area, namely, the r area transfers part of carbon emission through consumption of the extra-saving product;
when T is r The r zone is the net inflow zone, i.e., the r zone receives some of the carbon emissions by inter-zone trade as the outer province.
Further, in S2, the energy consumption of the industrial enterprise is counted specifically into:
mainly comprises the consumption of fossil fuel (including coal, petroleum and natural gas), industrial production process (including the use of raw materials and the production of products), the electricity purchased and discharged, the thermal use and the waste produced by the production process (including the discharge of industrial sewage and the quality of solid waste);
the carbon emissions accounting of industrial enterprises is largely divided into fossil fuel combustion emissions, emissions of energy as raw materials, emissions of production processes, emissions generated by purchase of electric power and heat, and emissions generated by heat of output electric power.
Further, the conversion coefficient table in S3 is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 energy conversion coefficient Table (TJ/Gg.Mm 3 )
| Fuel type | Net calorific value |
| Diesel oil | 42.7 |
| Kerosene and gasoline | 43.1 |
| Fuel oil | 41.8 |
| Raw coal | 20.9 |
| Clean coal | 26.4 |
| Natural gas | 35.6 |
| Coke | 28.435 |
。
Further, the IPCC fossil fuel emission coefficient and carbon oxidation factor table in S3 are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 IPCC fossil fuel emissions factor and carbon oxidation factor Table
| Fuel type (KgC/GJ) | Carbon emission coefficient | Carbon oxidation factor (beta) |
| Raw coal | 25.8 | 90 |
| Coke | 29.2 | 90 |
| Kerosene | 19.6 | 98 |
| Diesel oil | 20.2 | 98 |
| Gasoline | 18.9 | 98 |
| Liquefied petroleum gas | 17.2 | 98 |
| Non-other fossil fuels | 27.3 | 85 |
| Natural gas | 15.3 | 99 |
E Chemical treatment ＝ΣEF i ×FC i ×α×β；
Wherein:
EF i CO as the ith fossil fuel 2 An emission factor;
FC i is the ith fossil fuelIs a consumption of (1);
α i an energy conversion coefficient for the i-th fossil fuel;
β i is the oxidation factor of the ith fossil fuel;
wherein:
e is the ith fossil fuel carbon emissions; EF (electric F) i Carbon content (tC/GJ) per unit heating value of fossil fuel; h i Lower calorific value (GJ/10) for the ith fossil energy source 4 m 3 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the μ is fossil fuel carbon oxidation rate (%); q is fossil fuel consumption (10) 4 m 3 )。
Further, the industrial park carbon flow accounting mode formula in S4 is as follows:
E＝E combustion process +E Electric power +E Gas escape +E Waste material ；
Wherein:
e is the total emission amount of greenhouse gases in industrial park, and the unit is ton CO 2 Equivalent weight;
E combustion process Greenhouse gas emissions generated for various fossil fuel combustion activities that are net-consumed by the industrial park;
E electric power Implicit CO for outsourcing power to industrial park 2 Discharge amount;
E gas escape Gas escape for industrial park;
E waste material Carbon emissions generated for industrial park waste treatment.
Further, the formula of the raw carbon emission amount of the industrial product in S4 is as follows:
wherein:
AD j the usage amount of the raw material j;
CF is the carbon content of the raw material j;
P y production of product y;
CF y carbon content of product y;
Q k the amount of waste k to be produced;
CF k carbon content of the produced waste k.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the method, the accounting boundary and the emission source are determined, and the dominant carbon emission is divided into the carbon emission generated by fossil fuel combustion, the carbon emission in the industrial production process and the carbon emission generated by purchasing power in the region by counting the energy consumption of important industrial enterprises and raw materials and products in production. The properties of dominant carbon emissions include: 1. direct discharge: refers to carbon dioxide emissions directly produced during the energy consumption of the fuel. 2. Easy to calculate: the dominant carbon emissions are relatively easy to measure and calculate, as their origin is well-defined. 3. Is not susceptible to uncertainty: the calculation of dominant carbon emissions is based on known energy consumption and emission factors, unlike implicit emissions, which can be affected by a number of uncertainty factors.
Dominant carbon emissions refer to carbon dioxide emissions directly discharged to the atmosphere from energy consumption, industrial production, and the like. The calculation formula is usually calculated according to the energy consumption and the generated carbon dioxide emission factor, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein CO 2 Is carbon dioxide emission (unit is ton/year), n is the number of energy source types, E i For the ith energy consumption (in tons of coal equivalents per year), EF i Carbon dioxide emission factor (in tons of carbon dioxide per ton of coal equivalent) is generated for the ith energy source.
Implicit carbon emissions refer to unavoidable carbon emissions generated during the production and consumption of a product or service, such as during raw material procurement, logistics transportation, product use, and disposal. The amount of implicit carbon emissions is often more difficult to measure and estimate than the explicit carbon emissions.
Dividing the recessive carbon emission area into carbon emission generated by industrial sewage treatment in the area; and adding the dominant and recessive carbon emissions to obtain the total carbon emission of key industrial enterprises.
The calculation of implicit carbon emissions generally takes into account the following aspects:
1. the energy consumption method in the production process comprises the following steps: and calculating the implicit carbon emission consumed in the production process according to the energy consumption data of each link of industrial production.
2. Industry chain based methods: and taking the hidden carbon emission of energy consumption, logistics transportation and the like of all enterprises on the industrial chain into consideration, and calculating by establishing an industrial chain model.
3. Input-output model method: by carrying out input and output analysis on economic activities, the implicit carbon emission such as energy consumption, emission and the like is calculated.
4. Runoff analysis: and calculating the implicit carbon emission by analyzing factors such as energy consumption, logistics transportation and the like in the production process.
The implicit carbon emission is complex to calculate, and comprehensive analysis can be performed by combining a plurality of methods in practical application, and full data verification and model optimization are performed.
It can be seen that, in summary:
(1) The dominant carbon emission calculation and the invisible carbon emission calculation comprehensively consider the advantages of the dominant carbon emission calculation and the invisible carbon emission calculation, so that the certainty of a dominant carbon emission calculation mode is ensured, and the carbon emission and the carbon flow direction can be comprehensively considered in the whole. The research effect that the calculation is simpler and more convenient and any carbon flow trace can not be ignored is achieved.
(2) Current research results on carbon flow are more biased towards research on dominant carbon flow traces, and relatively less research on implicit carbon flow tracing techniques. The invention introduces the implicit carbon emission index of key industrial enterprises, defines the expression of the index, and evaluates the index by using a DEA method and using the carbon emission elastic coefficient.
(3) The invention has the main innovation point that enterprises in petrochemical, chemical, building material, steel, colored, and other heavy industrial industries in a certain area and the production of products thereof are taken as a whole to carry out carbon emission accounting, and meanwhile, the problem that the hidden carbon emission cannot be tracked is solved. The invention defines the carbon emission accounting of the key industrial industry as follows: direct carbon emissions of carbon dioxide to the environment by burning fossil energy in industrial processes; indirect carbon emissions including implicit carbon emissions from consumption of other areas and departments or services in the production of products, and carbon emissions from industrial products resulting from product sales and consumption services; the full carbon emission of the whole production cycle of the product is reflected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracing boundary setting in a carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracing method of a key industrial enterprise.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a DEA-based carbon footprint data path construction
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
A method for carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking for key industrial enterprises, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining an accounting boundary and an emission source.
The present example is based on industrial carbon emissions. Accounting subjects are major industrial enterprises.
The accounting boundary is direct carbon emission and indirect carbon emission of an industrial enterprise, as shown in table 3, reflecting the carbon emission of the whole industrial product production process, and realizing carbon flow tracking;
TABLE 3 definition of emissions ranges for industrial enterprises
Since the greenhouse gases produced by industrial enterprises are mainly CO 2 It is therefore the greenhouse gas emissions of its production system that are accounting boundaries for industrial carbon emissions. According to the production full period of products produced in different industries, respectively calculating carbon emission in different production stages, and finally obtaining the principle of total emission.
S2, calculating the energy consumption of key industrial enterprises.
And during the accounting and reporting period, the energy consumption of the industrial enterprises is counted.
The method is mainly divided into fossil fuel combustion emission, emission of energy as raw materials, emission of production process, emission generated by purchasing electric power and heating power, and emission generated by heating power outputting electric power.
S3, calculating the carbon emission amount of fossil fuel combustion.
(1) Counting the consumption amount of fossil energy in the accounting area, and converting the consumption amount of fossil energy into a heat metering unit:
heat=energy consumption amount×conversion coefficient;
the conversion coefficient table is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 energy conversion coefficient Table (TJ/Gg.Mm 3 )
(2) Calculating the carbon content:
combustion fuel carbon content = heat x fossil fuel carbon emission factor.
(3) Calculating the key industrial carbon emission:
actual carbon emission = carbon content x oxidation rate;
IPCC fossil fuel emission coefficients and carbon oxidation factor tables are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 IPCC fossil fuel emissions factor and carbon oxidation factor Table
E Chemical treatment ＝∑EF i ×FC i ×α×β
Wherein:
EF i CO as the ith fossil fuel 2 An emission factor;
FC i is the consumption of the ith fossil fuel;
α i an energy conversion coefficient for the i-th fossil fuel;
β i is the oxidation factor of the ith fossil fuel.
Wherein E is the carbon emission of the ith fossil fuel; EF (electric F) i Carbon content (tC/GJ) per unit heating value of fossil fuel; h i Lower calorific value (GJ/10) for the ith fossil energy source 4 m 3 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the μ is fossil fuel carbon oxidation rate (%); q is fossil fuel consumption (10) 4 m 3 )。
S4, calculating carbon emission E in industrial production process Worker's work 。
The flow of calculating the carbon emissions from an industrial process is generally as follows:
1. determining a calculation range: what is needed is an enterprise, a product, or a process that is explicitly calculated to determine the scope of the calculation and the data needed.
2. And (3) data collection: it is necessary to collect and sort related data including energy consumption, chemical usage, raw material consumption, and the like.
3. Determining an emission factor: depending on the source and industry, an appropriate emissions factor is selected for calculating carbon dioxide emissions. Emissions factor refers to the amount of carbon dioxide emissions produced per unit of active or consumed substance.
4. Calculating the carbon dioxide emission: and calculating the carbon dioxide emission according to the collected data and the emission factor.
5. Data analysis and results presentation: and the calculation result is analyzed, and the emission of different processes and industries can be compared so as to formulate effective carbon emission reduction measures.
The formula of the industrial park carbon flow accounting mode is as follows:
E＝E combustion process +E Electric power +E Gas escape +E Waste material
Wherein:
e is the total emission amount of greenhouse gases in industrial park, and the unit is ton CO 2 Equivalent weight;
E combustion process Greenhouse gas emissions generated for various fossil fuel combustion activities that are net-consumed by the industrial park;
E electric power Implicit CO for outsourcing power to industrial park 2 Discharge amount;
E gas escape For escaping gases involved in industrial parks, E Waste material Carbon emissions generated for industrial park waste treatment.
It should be noted that the computing process may take into account the characteristics of different emissions sources and industries, as well as the requirements of the relevant policies and standards. Meanwhile, the data collection and the selection of the emission factors are required to be accurate and reasonable so as to ensure the reliability and the accuracy of the calculation result.
The formula of the raw carbon emission of the industrial product is as follows:
wherein:
AD j the usage amount of the raw material j;
CF is the carbon content of the raw material j;
P y production of product y;
CF y carbon content of product y;
Q k the amount of waste k to be produced;
CF k carbon content of the produced waste k.
S5, calculating carbon emission E generated by purchasing electric power in accounting area Electric power 。
/>
Wherein:
inputting electric quantity of an accounting area in an accounting period, wherein MWh is as follows;
inputting electric quantity of an accounting area in an accounting period, wherein MWh is as follows;
EF electric power For the electric power carbon emission factor, 0.6671tCO is taken 2 /MWh。
S6, calculating carbon emission E generated by heat utilization in the accounting area Heat of the body 。
Wherein:
inputting heat of an accounting area for an accounting period, and MJ;
outputting heat of the accounting area for the accounting period, and MJ;
EF electric power For heat utilization, 0.11kg CO was taken 2 /MJ。
S7, calculating carbon emission E generated by industrial sewage treatment in accounting area through countercurrent flow tracking Dirt and soil 。
E Dirt and soil ＝AD Dirt and soil ×COD C ×B 1 ×MCF i
Wherein:
AD dirt and soil Is the industrial wastewater quantity in the accounting period, t;
COD C is the concentration of industrial wastewater, kgCOD/t;
B 1 taking 0.25 for maximum methane production capacity;
MCF i the methane correction factor is generally 0 to 0.4 for different industries.
S8, calculating the carbon emission E generated by solid waste incineration in the accounting area Waste of 。
E Waste of ＝AD Waste of ×η×EF i
Wherein:
AD waste of Mass, kg, of solid waste in the nucleic acid region;
η is the solid waste incineration treatment rate;
EF i indirect CO2 emission factor, kgCO, for solid waste incineration treatment 2 /kg。
Wherein:
E i CO generated for incineration treatment 2 Total amount of kgCO 2 ；
A is the total amount of solid waste incineration in the industrial enterprise site, kg;
CF i is the combustible carbon content, tC/t;
OF i is an oxidation factor;
i is various components of the incineration disposal waste.
S9, calculating the complete carbon emission coefficient of key industrial enterprises.
Calculating the total carbon emissions for key industrial enterprises requires consideration of the carbon emissions sources in several aspects:
1. direct discharge: mainly comprises the discharge amount of CO2 isothermal chamber gas generated by direct discharge activities such as fuel combustion, chemical process, solid waste treatment and the like.
2. And (3) indirect emission: mainly comprises indirect emission caused by power consumption, such as greenhouse gas emission generated in the power production process, and the like.
3. Energy consumption: important industrial enterprises need to consider the energy consumption conditions, including energy types, consumption and the like. Different types of energy consumption can produce different amounts of greenhouse gas emissions.
4. Chemicals used in the production process: some chemicals used in the production process also produce emissions of greenhouse gases, such as fluorochlorocarbides and the like.
5. Product use, waste treatment and other links: important industrial enterprises need to consider the greenhouse gas emissions caused during the use of the products and the greenhouse gas emissions generated during the waste treatment of the products.
In summary, calculating the total carbon emissions for key industrial enterprises requires consideration of several aspects, among which direct emissions, indirect emissions, and energy consumption are the most important aspects. The following formula is expressed for various carbon emissions:
E total (S) ＝∑E Chemical conversion k +E Work k +E Electric k +E Heat k +E Dirt k +E Waste k
Wherein:
k is the kth key industrial enterprise in the accounting area; e (E) Chemical treatment 、E Worker's work 、E Electric power 、E Heat of the body 、E Dirt and soil 、E Waste of Respectively represent chemical industry carbon emission, industrial industry carbon emission, electricity consumption carbon emission, heat supply carbon emission, pollution treatment carbon emission and waste carbon emission.
At the same time, the column-high tigv inverse matrix (I-A) is utilized -1 And calculating the carbon data of the provincial and sub-division provided by the database to obtain the direct emission coefficient corresponding to each unit output and the direct emission intensity of unit product production. The invention uses K= (K) s i ) The direct emission coefficient matrix of the ith division of the s-th area is represented by the following specific formula:
wherein:
x s i total yield of the ith department of the s-th area;
e s i carbon dioxide emission amount of the ith division of the s-th zone.
The direct discharge intensity matrix may be calculated by the following formula:
D＝K(I-A) -1
wherein:
D＝(d rs ) ＝ is a row vector representing the complete carbon displacement produced by the r region as a result of the unit yield of the j industry of the s region;
summarizing and calculating historical carbon emission data through the formula to obtain total carbon emission; and then, calculating based on the column-based on-tigff inverse matrix to obtain a direct emission coefficient matrix and a full emission intensity matrix, thereby realizing carbon emission traceability and carbon emission quantitative calculation of an individual production unit. And a direct carbon emission coefficient and complete carbon emission coefficient database is established by utilizing the carbon emission coefficient matrixes obtained by tracing, so that data support is provided for analysis of carbon emission rules and emission reduction in the future.
S10, carrying out carbon emission flow analysis of each region by using DEA method
And assuming n decision units, each decision unit has m inputs and s outputs, so that an evaluation system of multi-index inputs and outputs is formed. Each decision unit (DMU) has an efficiency rating, the efficiency rating being formulated as:
x ij representing the input amount Y of each decision unit to the ith input rj Representing the yield of the jth decision unit to the nth yield. Efficiency index h j The ratio of the output of the jth decision unit to the input economic efficiency is represented, and the larger the index value is, the higher the output of the jth decision unit can be obtained under the condition of the input establishment; or to obtain a relatively high yield with relatively little input. The term "DEA" effectively means that the efficiency evaluation index is obtained as an optimum value with respect to other evaluation means to obtain the best economic efficiency in the case of a large amount of investment and a large amount of production.
The carbon emission level in each region of China has larger difference, and the degree of the difference has larger relation with the economic development degree. Each provincial local property structure creates different direct carbon emission coefficients and direct carbon emission strengths. If the third industry has a lower direct carbon emission coefficient than the first industry, but the first industry has a lower direct carbon emission intensity; the provinces of the second industry are mainly that the direct carbon emission intensity and the direct carbon emission coefficient are higher.
Focusing on a specific local industry, the refinement can be done using the following formula:
C r ＝K(I-A) -1 F r
wherein:
K r a carbon emission intensity vector for the ith division of the r-th zone;
F r the final demand vector for the r-th region;
C r is the vector of the total carbon dioxide emission amount in the r zone.
At C r C in vector rs Represents the portion of r-zone carbon emissions subject to s-zone final demand pull; the r region requires direct as well as indirect consumption of the processing region. Accordingly, the portion of the j-zone carbon emissions that is pulled by the final demand of the r-zone, i.e., the amount of carbon emissions that flows from the r-zone to the s-zone as the inter-zone transactions.
Accordingly, the carbon emission in the s region flows into other regions by being pulled by the final requirement of the r region; that is, the amount of carbon emissions flowing from r-zone to s-zone along with inter-zone transactions is thus available, and the amount of carbon emissions flowing from J-zone to r-zone in inter-zone transactions can be calculated by the following equation:
T rs ＝c rs -c sr
when T is rs If the flow rate is greater than 0, the s region has a net inflow to the r region; conversely, when T rs < 0, then; the s region has a net outflow to the r region. When T is r The r area is a net outflow area, namely, the r area transfers part of carbon emission through consumption of the extra-saving product; when T is r The r zone is the net inflow zone, i.e., the r zone receives some of the carbon emissions by inter-zone trade as the outer province.
S11, result application:
the method has the advantages that the calculation and the tracking of the carbon emission are realized for key industrial enterprises, the accuracy and the comprehensiveness of the calculation of the carbon flow are improved by matching with the results in the steps, the problem that the hidden carbon emission is difficult to accurately measure is effectively solved, and the method has certain practical value and reference significance.
Claims (6)
1. A key industrial enterprise carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, determining an accounting boundary and an emission source;
taking the industrial carbon emission as a benchmark, accounting main bodies are key industrial enterprises in a certain area;
the accounting boundary is direct carbon emission and indirect carbon emission of industrial enterprises, reflects the carbon emission of the whole industrial product production process, and realizes carbon flow tracking;
for industrial carbon emission, taking greenhouse gas emission of a production system as an accounting boundary; according to the production full period of products produced in different industries, respectively calculating carbon emission in different production stages, and finally obtaining the principle of total emission;
s2, counting the energy consumption of key industrial enterprises;
during the accounting and reporting period, the energy consumption of the industrial enterprises is counted;
s3, calculating the carbon emission amount of fossil fuel combustion;
(1) Counting the consumption amount of fossil energy in the accounting area, and converting the consumption amount of fossil energy into a heat metering unit:
heat=energy consumption amount×conversion coefficient;
(2) Calculating the carbon content:
combustion fuel carbon content = heat x fossil fuel carbon emission factor;
(3) Calculating the key industrial carbon emission:
actual carbon emission = carbon content x oxidation rate;
s4, calculating carbon emission E in industrial production process Worker's work ；
The flow of calculating the carbon emission of the industrial production process is as follows:
determining a calculation range, data collection, determining an emission factor, calculating carbon dioxide emissions, data analysis, and result presentation;
s5, calculating accounting areasCarbon emissions E from internal purchased power generation Electric power ；
Wherein:
inputting electric quantity of an accounting area in an accounting period, wherein MWh is as follows;
inputting electric quantity of an accounting area in an accounting period, wherein MWh is as follows;
EF electric power For the electric power carbon emission factor, 0.6671tCO is taken 2 /MWh；
S6, calculating carbon emission E generated by heat utilization in the accounting area Heat of the body ；
Wherein:
inputting heat of an accounting area for an accounting period, and MJ;
outputting heat of the accounting area for the accounting period, and MJ;
EF electric power For heat utilization, 0.11kg CO was taken 2 /MJ；
S7, calculating carbon emission E generated by industrial sewage treatment in accounting area through countercurrent flow tracking Dirt and soil ；
E Dirt and soil ＝AD Dirt and soil ×COD C ×B 1 ×MCF i
Wherein:
AD dirt and soil Is the industrial wastewater quantity in the accounting period, t;
COD C is the concentration of industrial wastewater, kgCOD/t;
B 1 taking 0.25 for maximum methane production capacity;
MCF i the methane correction factor is generally 0-0.4 for different industries;
s8, calculating the carbon emission E generated by solid waste incineration in the accounting area Waste of ；
E Waste of ＝AD Waste of ×η×EF i
Wherein:
AD waste of Mass, kg, of solid waste in the nucleic acid region;
η is the solid waste incineration treatment rate;
EF i indirect CO2 emission factor, kgCO, for solid waste incineration treatment 2 /kg；
Wherein:
E i CO generated for incineration treatment 2 Total amount of kgCO 2 ；
A is the total amount of solid waste incineration in the industrial enterprise site, kg;
CF i is the combustible carbon content, tC/t;
OF i is an oxidation factor;
i is various components of the incineration waste;
s9, calculating the complete carbon emission coefficient of key industrial enterprises;
the following carbon emission sources need to be considered in calculating the total carbon emission of key industrial enterprises:
direct discharge, indirect discharge, energy consumption, chemicals used in the production process, product use and waste treatment links; the direct emission and the indirect emission are taken as important factors, and the energy consumption is taken as an important factor;
the following formula is expressed for various carbon emissions:
E total (S) ＝∑E Chemical conversion k +E Work k +E Electric k +E Heat k +E Dirt k +E Waste k
Wherein:
k is the kth key industrial enterprise in the accounting area; e (E) Chemical treatment 、E Worker's work 、E Electric power 、E Heat of the body 、E Dirt and soil 、E Waste of Respectively representing chemical industry carbon emission, industrial industry carbon emission, electricity consumption carbon emission, heat supply carbon emission, pollution treatment carbon emission and waste carbon emission;
at the same time, the column-high tigv inverse matrix (I-A) is utilized -1 Calculating the carbon data of the provincial and sub-departments provided by the database to obtain the corresponding direct emission coefficient of each unit output and the direct emission intensity of unit product production;
the invention uses K= (K) s i ) Direct of the ith division representing the s-th zoneThe emission coefficient matrix has the following specific formula:
wherein:
x s i total yield of the ith department of the s-th area;
e s i carbon dioxide emission amount of the ith division of the s-th zone;
the direct discharge intensity matrix may be calculated by the following formula:
D＝K(I-A) -1
wherein:
D＝(d rs ) ＝ is a row vector representing the complete carbon displacement produced by the r region as a result of the unit yield of the j industry of the s region;
summarizing and calculating historical carbon emission data through the formula to obtain total carbon emission; then, a direct emission coefficient matrix and a full emission intensity matrix are obtained based on the column-based tigff inverse matrix calculation, so that carbon emission traceability and carbon emission quantitative calculation of an independent production unit are realized; the direct carbon emission coefficient and complete carbon emission coefficient database is established by utilizing the carbon emission coefficient matrixes obtained by tracing, and data support is provided for analysis of carbon emission rules and emission reduction in the future;
s10, carrying out carbon emission flow analysis of each region by using a DEA method;
assuming n decision units, each decision unit has m inputs and s outputs, so that an evaluation system of multi-index inputs and outputs is formed; each decision unit (DMU) has an efficiency rating, the efficiency rating being formulated as:
x ij representing the input amount of each decision unit to the ith input;
Y rj representing the output of the j-th decision unit on the r-th output;
efficiency index h j The ratio of the output of the jth decision unit to the input economic efficiency is represented, and the larger the index value is, the higher the output of the jth decision unit can be obtained under the condition of the input establishment; or a relatively high yield with relatively little input;
the DEA effectively means that under the conditions of multiple investment and multiple output, the efficiency evaluation index of the DEA obtains an optimal value and obtains the optimal economic efficiency relative to other evaluation units;
focusing on a specific industry, refinements were made using the following formula:
C r ＝K(I-A) -1 F r
wherein:
K r a carbon emission intensity vector for the ith division of the r-th zone;
F r the final demand vector for the r-th region;
C r a total carbon dioxide emission vector for the r-th zone;
at C r C in vector rs Represents the portion of r-zone carbon emissions subject to s-zone final demand pull; at this time, the r region needs to be directly and indirectly consumed by the processing region;
correspondingly, the part of the carbon emission in the region j, which is pulled by the final requirement of the region r, namely the carbon emission amount flowing from the region r to the region s along with the transaction between the regions;
accordingly, the carbon emission in the s region flows into other regions by being pulled by the final requirement of the r region; i.e., the amount of carbon emissions flowing from r-zone to s-zone with inter-zone transactions;
from this, the amount of carbon emissions flowing from the J zone into the r zone in inter-zone trade can be calculated by the following formula:
T rs ＝c rs -c sr
when T is rs If the flow rate is greater than 0, the s region has a net inflow to the r region;
conversely, when T rs < 0, then; the s area has net outflow to the r area;
when T is r The r area is a net outflow area, namely, the r area transfers part of carbon emission through consumption of the extra-saving product;
when T is r The r zone is the net inflow zone, i.e., the r zone receives some of the carbon emissions by inter-zone trade as the outer province.
2. The method for carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking for key industrial enterprises of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: s2, the energy consumption of the industrial enterprise is counted and is specifically divided into:
the carbon emissions accounting of industrial enterprises is largely divided into fossil fuel combustion emissions, emissions of energy as raw materials, emissions of production processes, emissions generated by purchase of electric power and heat, and emissions generated by heat of output electric power.
3. The method for carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking for key industrial enterprises of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the conversion coefficient table in S3 is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 energy conversion coefficient Table (TJ/Gg.Mm 3 )
。
4. The method for carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking for key industrial enterprises of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the IPCC fossil fuel emission coefficient and carbon oxidation factor table in S3 are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 IPCC fossil fuel emissions factor and carbon oxidation factor Table
E Chemical treatment ＝∑EF i ×FC i ×α×β；
Wherein:
EF i CO as the ith fossil fuel 2 An emission factor;
FC i is the consumption of the ith fossil fuel;
α i an energy conversion coefficient for the i-th fossil fuel;
β i is the oxidation factor of the ith fossil fuel;
wherein:
e is the ith fossil fuel carbon emissions; EF (electric F) i Carbon content (tC/GJ) per unit heating value of fossil fuel; h i Lower calorific value (GJ/10) for the ith fossil energy source 4 m 3 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the μ is fossil fuel carbon oxidation rate (%); q is fossil fuel consumption (10) 4 m 3 )。
5. The method for carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking for key industrial enterprises of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and S4, the calculation mode formula of the industrial park carbon flow is as follows:
E＝E combustion process +E Electric power +E Gas escape +E Waste material ；
Wherein:
e is the total emission amount of greenhouse gases in industrial park, and the unit is ton CO 2 Equivalent weight;
E combustion process Greenhouse gas emissions generated for various fossil fuel combustion activities that are net-consumed by the industrial park;
E electric power Implicit CO for outsourcing power to industrial park 2 Discharge amount;
E gas escape Gas escape for industrial park;
E waste material Carbon emissions generated for industrial park waste treatment.
6. The method for carbon emission accounting and carbon flow tracking for key industrial enterprises of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and S4, the raw carbon emission amount formula of the industrial product is as follows:
wherein:
AD j the usage amount of the raw material j;
CF is the carbon content of the raw material j;
P y production of product y;
CF y carbon content of product y;
Q k the amount of waste k to be produced;
CF k carbon content of the produced waste k.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116823295A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-09-29 | 国网山东省电力公司营销服务中心(计量中心) | Method, system, equipment and medium for measuring carbon emission in steel industry |
| CN117273276A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-12-22 | 南方电网能源发展研究院有限责任公司 | Carbon emission monitoring method and device based on electric power data |
| CN117494929A (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2024-02-02 | 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院 | Method for accounting carbon emission of household garbage incineration enterprises |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116823295A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-09-29 | 国网山东省电力公司营销服务中心(计量中心) | Method, system, equipment and medium for measuring carbon emission in steel industry |
| CN116823295B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2024-04-19 | 国网山东省电力公司营销服务中心(计量中心) | Method, system, equipment and medium for measuring carbon emission in steel industry |
| CN117494929A (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2024-02-02 | 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院 | Method for accounting carbon emission of household garbage incineration enterprises |
| CN117273276A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-12-22 | 南方电网能源发展研究院有限责任公司 | Carbon emission monitoring method and device based on electric power data |
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