CN115469354A - Data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization - Google Patents
Data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115469354A CN115469354A CN202210932881.5A CN202210932881A CN115469354A CN 115469354 A CN115469354 A CN 115469354A CN 202210932881 A CN202210932881 A CN 202210932881A CN 115469354 A CN115469354 A CN 115469354A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- elastic wave
- frequency elastic
- excitation
- shot
- rod body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001166076 Diapheromera femorata Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/04—Details
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization, which utilizes a high-frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration and comprises the following steps: the first end of the rod body is used for propping against the excitation point position on the tunnel face, the second end of the rod body extends into the casing track, and high-frequency elastic waves are excited by the collision of the shot and the second end of the rod body; the sleeve rail is used for accommodating the rod body and providing an accelerating rail for launching the shot, and a through groove is formed in the outer side wall of the sleeve rail along the axial direction; the rod body contraction device is arranged on the outer side of the sleeve rail, is connected with the rod body through a connecting piece and can move along the through groove; the shot is shot, is arranged in the sleeve rail and is opposite to the armature driving device arranged at the end part of the sleeve rail, and the armature driving device is opposite to the launching port of the electromagnetic launcher; the invention can control the energy of each excitation point, obtain the available time profile and improve the excitation efficiency of the high-frequency elastic wave.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
The seismic exploration is generated according to the demand of oil exploration, the development technology is gradually matured after decades of development, and the refined detection is the mainstream development trend of the seismic exploration at present. The higher the frequency of the excited seismic wave is, the shorter the wavelength is, the higher the resolution is, and the higher the refinement degree of detection is, so that the detection by using the high-frequency elastic wave is a reliable way for realizing the refinement detection. Among them, the method of acquiring high-frequency elastic waves by using a hammering source is the mainstream method at present.
However, the inventor finds that the excitation energy of each point is difficult to control when the hammer is excited, the amplitude difference of reflected waves of the same reflecting surface received by each measuring point is extremely large, the reflected waves cannot be converged into an available time profile, the detection effect is poor, and the tunnel construction cannot be normally guided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a standardized data acquisition method based on a high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology, which can control the energy of each excitation point to obtain an available time profile, is simple to operate, can improve the excitation efficiency of high-frequency elastic waves and shortens the detection time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a high frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration.
A high frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration, comprising:
the first end of the rod body is used for propping against the excitation point position on the tunnel face, the second end of the rod body extends into the casing track, and high-frequency elastic waves are excited by the collision of the shot and the second end of the rod body;
the sleeve rail is used for accommodating the rod body and providing an accelerating rail for launching the shot, and a through groove is formed in the outer side wall of the sleeve rail along the axial direction;
the rod body contraction device is arranged on the outer side of the sleeve rail, is connected with the rod body through a connecting piece, and can move along the through groove;
and the shot is shot and arranged in the sleeve rail, and the shot is opposite to the armature driving device arranged at the end part of the sleeve rail, and the armature driving device is opposite to the shooting port of the electromagnetic launcher.
As an optional implementation manner, the electromagnetic radiation protection device further comprises an armrest, and the armrest is fixedly connected with the electromagnetic radiation protection device.
As an optional implementation manner, the electromagnetic energy meter further comprises a controller and a control key, wherein the controller is in communication connection with the electromagnetic emitter and the control key, and excitation energy of the electromagnetic emitter is set through the control key.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a display module which is in communication connection with the controller, and the display module is used for displaying the set value of the excitation energy of the high-frequency elastic wave.
As an optional implementation manner, the stick body is a solid iron stick.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method of operating a high frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration.
A method of operating a high-frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration, using the high-frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration according to the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the steps of:
sliding the rod body retractor to make the first end of the rod body leak out of the sleeve track;
setting excitation energy of the high-frequency elastic wave through a control key, and displaying parameters of the excitation energy on a display module;
when the electric walking stick is operated, the handrail is held by hand, the first end of the stick body is propped against the position of an excitation point of the palm surface, the control key is pressed down, excitation energy is set, and the electromagnetic emitter generates excitation energy;
the electromagnetic emitter excites energy and transfers the energy to the armature driving device;
the armature driving device transfers energy to the shot, the shot generates speed, moves along the sleeve track and collides with the rod body, and high-frequency elastic waves are generated by excitation and act on the excitation point position of the palm surface.
In an alternative embodiment, the first end of the stick body is positioned vertically against the tunnel face at the location of the excitation point.
As an optional implementation mode, the shot is shot to reach a set speed in the sleeve track and collide with the solid iron rod under the action of the armature driving device, and high-frequency elastic waves are excited.
The invention provides a data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization.
A data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization, which utilizes the high-frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration according to the first aspect of the invention, comprises the following processes:
simultaneously or sequentially exciting energy at the plurality of measuring points by adopting a high-frequency elastic wave excitation device to obtain excitation energy of the plurality of measuring points to obtain a time profile of the excitation energy; and obtaining a detection result according to the obtained time profile.
As an alternative implementation, the excitation energy of each measurement point is the same.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the data acquisition method based on the standardization of the high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology can control the energy of each excitation point to obtain an available time profile, is simple to operate, can improve the excitation efficiency of high-frequency elastic waves, and shortens the detection time; the method does not depend on the experience of operators and has higher standardization degree.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-frequency elastic wave excitation device provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a solid iron rod; 2. a casing rail; 3. a solid iron rod shrinking device; 4. a connecting member; 5. launching the projectile; 6. an armature driving device; 7. an electromagnetic transmitter; 8. a handrail; 9. a display module; 10. and controlling the keys.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a high-frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration, including:
the device comprises a solid iron rod 1, wherein a first end of the solid iron rod 1 is used for propping against the position of an excitation point on the tunnel face, a second end of the solid iron rod 2 extends into a sleeve track 2, and a high-frequency elastic wave is excited by collision of a shot 5 and the second end of the solid iron rod 1;
the sleeve rail 2 is used for accommodating the solid iron rod 1 and providing an accelerating rail for launching the shot 5, and a through groove is formed in the outer side wall of the sleeve rail 2 along the axial direction;
the solid iron rod contraction device 3 is arranged on the outer side of the sleeve rail 2, is connected with the solid iron rod 1 through a connecting piece 4 and can move along the through groove;
and the shot 5 is arranged in the sleeve rail 2 and is opposite to the armature driving device 6 arranged at the end part of the sleeve rail 2, and the armature driving device 6 is opposite to the launching port of the electromagnetic launcher 7.
In this embodiment, the portable electronic device further comprises an armrest 8, and the armrest 8 is fixedly connected with the electromagnetic emitter 7.
In this embodiment, the electromagnetic wave power generation device further comprises a controller and a control key 10, wherein the controller is in communication connection with the electromagnetic emitter 7 and the control key 10, and excitation energy of the electromagnetic emitter 7 is set through the control key 10.
In this embodiment, the device further includes a display module 9 in communication connection with the controller, where the display module 9 is configured to display an excitation energy setting value of the high-frequency elastic wave.
It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the solid iron rod 1 may also be made of other metal materials, and those skilled in the art may select the metal material according to specific working conditions, which are not described herein again.
Example 2:
the embodiment 2 of the invention provides a working method of a high-frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration, and the high-frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration, which is disclosed by the embodiment 1 of the invention, comprises the following processes:
sliding the solid iron rod contraction device 3 to enable the solid iron rod 1 to leak out of the sleeve rail 2; the excitation energy of the high-frequency elastic wave is set through the control key 10, and related parameters are displayed on the display module 9; when in operation, the handrail 8 is held by hand, the solid iron stick 1 is vertically propped against the excitation point position of the tunnel face, the control key 10 is pressed down, excitation energy is set, and the electromagnetic emitter 7 generates excitation energy; the electromagnetic emitter 7 excites and transfers energy to the armature driving means 6; the armature driving device 6 transfers energy to the shot 5, the shot 5 generates speed, moves along the sleeve track 2 and collides with the solid iron rod device 1, and high-frequency elastic waves are generated through excitation.
Example 3:
the embodiment 3 of the invention provides a data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization, and the high-frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration, which is disclosed by the embodiment 1 of the invention, comprises the following processes:
simultaneously or sequentially exciting energy at the plurality of measuring points by adopting a high-frequency elastic wave excitation device to obtain excitation energy of the plurality of measuring points to obtain a time profile of the excitation energy; and obtaining a detection result according to the obtained time profile.
Optionally, excitation energy of each measuring point is the same; it is understood that in other embodiments, the excitation energy of each measurement point may be selected according to specific conditions, and will not be described herein.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration, characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps:
the first end of the rod body is used for propping against the excitation point position on the tunnel face, the second end of the rod body extends into the casing track, and high-frequency elastic waves are excited by the collision of the shot and the second end of the rod body;
the sleeve rail is used for accommodating the rod body and providing an accelerating rail for launching the shot, and a through groove is formed in the outer side wall of the sleeve rail along the axial direction;
the rod body contraction device is arranged on the outer side of the sleeve rail, is connected with the rod body through a connecting piece and can move along the through groove;
and the shot is shot and arranged in the sleeve rail, the shot is opposite to the armature driving device arranged at the end part of the sleeve rail, and the armature driving device is opposite to the launching port of the electromagnetic launcher.
2. The high frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein:
the electromagnetic launcher also comprises an armrest which is fixedly connected with the electromagnetic launcher.
3. The high frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein:
the electromagnetic emitter is in communication connection with the controller and the control key, and excitation energy of the electromagnetic emitter is set through the control key.
4. A high frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic surveying as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the display module is in communication connection with the controller and is used for displaying the set value of the excitation energy of the high-frequency elastic wave.
5. The high frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein:
the rod body is a solid iron rod.
6. A working method of a high-frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration is characterized by comprising the following steps: use of a high frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, comprising the process of:
sliding the retraction device of the stick body to make the first end of the stick body leak out of the casing track;
setting excitation energy of the high-frequency elastic wave through a control key, and displaying parameters of the excitation energy on a display module;
when the electric walking stick is operated, the handrail is held by hand, the first end of the stick body is propped against the position of an excitation point of the palm surface, the control key is pressed down, excitation energy is set, and the electromagnetic emitter generates excitation energy;
the electromagnetic emitter excites energy and transfers the energy to the armature driving device;
the armature driving device transfers energy to the shot, the shot generates speed, moves along the sleeve track and collides with the rod body, and high-frequency elastic waves are generated by excitation and act on the excitation point position of the palm surface.
7. The method of operating a high frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration, according to claim 6, wherein:
the first end of the stick body is vertically propped against the excitation point position of the tunnel face.
8. The method of operating a high frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration, according to claim 6, wherein:
the shot is shot to reach a set speed in the sleeve track to collide with the solid iron rod under the action of the armature driving device, and high-frequency elastic waves are excited.
9. A data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization is characterized by comprising the following steps: use of a high frequency elastic wave excitation device for seismic exploration according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising the process of:
simultaneously or sequentially exciting energy at the plurality of measuring points by adopting a high-frequency elastic wave excitation device to obtain excitation energy of the plurality of measuring points to obtain a time profile of the excitation energy; and obtaining a detection result according to the obtained time profile.
10. The data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave prediction technology standardization of claim 9, characterized in that:
the excitation energy at each measurement point is the same.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210932881.5A CN115469354A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210932881.5A CN115469354A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115469354A true CN115469354A (en) | 2022-12-13 |
Family
ID=84365817
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210932881.5A Pending CN115469354A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115469354A (en) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB897506A (en) * | 1959-06-09 | 1962-05-30 | Hunting Survey Corp Ltd | Refraction and reflection seismograph equipment and a method of producing a permanent record of seismographic exploration effected by the equipment |
| US6488117B1 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2002-12-03 | Thomas E. Owen | Vertical-force vibrator seismic wave source |
| RU2246740C2 (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2005-02-20 | Волжское отделение института геологии и разработки горючих ископаемых | Source of impact seismic signals |
| CN204705721U (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-10-14 | 甘肃智通科技工程检测咨询有限公司 | Tunnel geological prediction seismic event excitation apparatus |
| CN110161558A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-08-23 | 广东石油化工学院 | A kind of high efficiency elasticity wave-exciting device used convenient for exploration |
| JP2020144067A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-10 | 株式会社大林組 | Tunnel working face forward survey system and survey method of tunnel working face forward natural ground |
| KR102190776B1 (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-14 | 주식회사 에이아이브릿지 | Elastic wave detector for bridge and, cavity exploring system including the same |
| US20220026592A1 (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2022-01-27 | Shandong University | Seismic source and wave detector integrated device and method for seismic wave exploration |
| CN216310283U (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Double-seismic-source geological advanced forecasting system for shield tunnel construction |
-
2022
- 2022-08-04 CN CN202210932881.5A patent/CN115469354A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB897506A (en) * | 1959-06-09 | 1962-05-30 | Hunting Survey Corp Ltd | Refraction and reflection seismograph equipment and a method of producing a permanent record of seismographic exploration effected by the equipment |
| US6488117B1 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2002-12-03 | Thomas E. Owen | Vertical-force vibrator seismic wave source |
| RU2246740C2 (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2005-02-20 | Волжское отделение института геологии и разработки горючих ископаемых | Source of impact seismic signals |
| CN204705721U (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-10-14 | 甘肃智通科技工程检测咨询有限公司 | Tunnel geological prediction seismic event excitation apparatus |
| JP2020144067A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-10 | 株式会社大林組 | Tunnel working face forward survey system and survey method of tunnel working face forward natural ground |
| CN110161558A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-08-23 | 广东石油化工学院 | A kind of high efficiency elasticity wave-exciting device used convenient for exploration |
| KR102190776B1 (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-14 | 주식회사 에이아이브릿지 | Elastic wave detector for bridge and, cavity exploring system including the same |
| US20220026592A1 (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2022-01-27 | Shandong University | Seismic source and wave detector integrated device and method for seismic wave exploration |
| CN216310283U (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Double-seismic-source geological advanced forecasting system for shield tunnel construction |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106772565B (en) | The loading device and method of a kind of TBM seismic waves advanced prediction instrument | |
| CN110988981B (en) | Phased array sound wave advanced prediction system and method suitable for drilling and blasting method tunnel | |
| CN103323876B (en) | A kind of method determining the best low frequency sweep signal of vibroseis | |
| CN108979628B (en) | One kind is with brill sound wave multipole combination logging mode and signal transmitting and receiving synchronous method | |
| CN115469354A (en) | Data acquisition method based on high-frequency elastic wave forecasting technology standardization | |
| CN102828744B (en) | Quadrupole-source short-source-range full-wave acoustic logging instrument | |
| CN114232584A (en) | Electromagnetic hammering head for seabed in-situ dynamic sounding equipment | |
| CN108760205A (en) | Auto-excitation type impact-vibration composite test fixture and its feed arrangement | |
| CN209979861U (en) | Broadband impact seismic source device for improving impact effect | |
| KR101479967B1 (en) | Measuring evaluation method and system of tunnel backbreak | |
| CN108960665A (en) | A kind of digging space near field country rock shock hazard evaluation method using Electromagnetic CT | |
| CN112461639A (en) | Impact test equipment | |
| US20170016324A1 (en) | Acoustic source fragmentation system for breaking ground material | |
| CN113309506B (en) | Advanced observation method and device based on electric dipole emission in hole | |
| CN106032752B (en) | A kind of one man operation's earthquake coaster scanner and detection method detecting wall quality | |
| CN103675892B (en) | A kind of high time precision focus hammer | |
| CN209799949U (en) | Non-stop pumping-clamping polished rod laser type wireless indicator diagram sensor | |
| CN218824715U (en) | Portable seismic source generator of tunnel TSP | |
| CN108375787B (en) | Near-bit seismic source nipple for detection before gas drilling | |
| CN204287497U (en) | A kind of linkage type electromagnetism hammer being applicable to laboratory study multi-point Ground Motion | |
| CN117868791A (en) | CO based on dynamic coupling 2 Method and device for detecting quality of injection and sealing well bore | |
| CN214408795U (en) | Underground deep rock mass quality detection device based on seismic wave technology | |
| CN112485332A (en) | Nondestructive testing system and nondestructive testing method based on pseudorandom coding | |
| CN103527079B (en) | Method for drilling well for containing explosive serving as seismic source | |
| CN205539507U (en) | Leading geology predictor |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |