CN112461639A - Impact test equipment - Google Patents
Impact test equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112461639A CN112461639A CN202011345489.8A CN202011345489A CN112461639A CN 112461639 A CN112461639 A CN 112461639A CN 202011345489 A CN202011345489 A CN 202011345489A CN 112461639 A CN112461639 A CN 112461639A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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Abstract
The application provides an impact test equipment includes: the elastic modulus of the impact warhead is determined according to the target frequency, and the elastic modulus and the target frequency are in a positive correlation relationship. The impact test equipment selects the material with the proper elastic modulus to customize the impact warhead according to the target frequency, can output the needed main frequency component, and solves the problem that the main frequency component output by the impact test equipment does not correspond to the underground real main frequency component of the energy wave in the frequency domain range. By customizing the impact test equipment with proper frequency, the serious theoretical defect of the impact test equipment is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of impact tests, in particular to impact test equipment.
Background
In the related technology, the main frequency component output by the impact test equipment does not correspond to the underground real main frequency component of the energy wave in the frequency domain range, and the dynamic response, the dynamic parameters, the failure modes and other mechanical performances of the tested coal-rock medium are completely different under the action of dynamic loads of different frequencies, so that the traditional impact test equipment has more serious theoretical defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, an object of the present application is to provide an impact test apparatus, so as to solve a problem that a dominant frequency component output by the impact test apparatus does not correspond to a true energy wave dominant frequency component in a frequency domain range in a well, and avoid a serious theoretical defect of the impact test apparatus by customizing the impact test apparatus with a proper frequency.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides an impact testing apparatus, including: the elastic modulus of the impact warhead is determined according to the target frequency, and the elastic modulus and the target frequency are in a positive correlation relationship.
The impact test equipment selects the material with the proper elastic modulus to customize the impact warhead according to the target frequency, can output the needed main frequency component, and solves the problem that the main frequency component output by the impact test equipment does not correspond to the underground real main frequency component of the energy wave in the frequency domain range. Because the dynamic response, the dynamic parameters, the failure modes and other mechanical performances of the tested coal rock medium are completely different under the action of dynamic loads with different frequencies, the impact test equipment with proper frequency is customized, and the serious theoretical defect of the impact test equipment is avoided.
The impact test apparatus according to the above embodiment of the present application, further comprising: an incident rod and a transmission rod; the length of the incident rod is the same as that of the transmission rod, and is larger than the target wavelength, and the target wavelength is determined according to the target frequency.
The impact test apparatus according to the above embodiment of the present application, further comprising: and the length of the bracket system is greater than the theoretical length of the equipment, and the theoretical length of the equipment is the sum of 2 times of the target wavelength and the length of the preset additional equipment.
According to the impact testing apparatus of the above embodiment of the present application, the rack system includes: a steel base; the guide rail is arranged above the steel base and is rigidly connected with the steel base; the central bracket is arranged above the guide rail and is rigidly connected with the guide rail; and the gas-liquid mechanical three-level buffer is arranged on the side of the steel base and is rigidly connected with the steel base.
The impact test apparatus according to the above embodiment of the present application, further comprising: a sample and an absorption rod; the incident rod, the sample, the transmission rod and the absorption rod are arranged in sequence, are kept on the same horizontal axis under the action of the central support and can move left and right.
The impact test apparatus according to the above embodiment of the present application, further comprising: and the launching system is arranged on the guide rail and is positioned in the incident direction of the incident rod, and the launching system comprises an impact warhead.
According to the impact testing apparatus of the above embodiment of the present application, the launching system includes: the device comprises a transmitter, a transmitting tube and a velocimeter; the emitter, the emission tube and the velocimeter are arranged in sequence, and the emitter comprises an impact warhead.
The impact test apparatus according to the above embodiment of the present application, further comprising: and the power supply provides a working power supply for the impact test equipment.
According to the impact test apparatus of the above-described embodiment of the present application, the power supply is a single-phase three-wire system or three-phase four-wire system alternating-current power supply.
According to the impact testing apparatus of the above embodiment of the present application, the material of the impact warhead includes at least one of the following materials: silicon manganese steel, rolled copper, rolled aluminum, lead, epoxy resin and asbestos phenolic resin.
Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the modulus of a bullet versus stress waveform for a shock testing apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an impact testing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present application;
reference numerals:
1-incidence rod, 2-transmission rod, 3-support system, 31-steel base, 32-guide rail, 33-central support, 34-gas-liquid mechanical three-stage buffer, 4-sample, 5-absorption rod, 6-emission system, 61-emitter, 62-emission tube and 63-velocimeter.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Generally speaking, the frequency, amplitude, strain rate and carrying energy of stress waves of power sources such as blasting and impact are remarkably reduced from near to far, so that accurate coal rock dynamic response and parameter results can be obtained only by adopting an excitation device with a corresponding frequency range to excite and test a coal rock material in the research of the rock dynamics problems of a near point, a near field, a middle field and a far field.
Under the mine scale, the propagation distance of the power source is mostly not more than 10 kilometers (km), and after the energy wave is subjected to propagation and attenuation of a coal rock medium, the main frequency component of a stress wave acting on a downhole structure is mostly 1-500 hertz (Hz). Therefore, the study of downhole dynamic disasters requires the customization of impact testing equipment capable of outputting corresponding frequencies.
At present, the most popular impact testing apparatus for rock dynamics is SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar), which uses a silicomanganese steel impact bullet, a steel incident rod and a transmission rod to perform impact testing on a sample, wherein the length of the bullet is generally 0.2-0.4 meters (m), the formed stress wave is about 0.2-1.0 milliseconds (ms), and the output frequency range is 1-5 kilohertz (kHz). The output main frequency component of the coal rock mass is not corresponding to the underground real energy wave main frequency component in the frequency domain range, and the dynamic response, dynamic parameters, failure modes and other mechanical performances of the tested coal rock medium are completely different under the action of dynamic loads of different frequencies, so that the traditional SHPB has relatively serious theoretical defects.
In order to solve the problem that the main frequency component output by the impact test equipment does not correspond to the underground real energy wave main frequency component in the frequency domain range, the impact test equipment with proper frequency needs to be customized so as to avoid the serious theoretical defect of the impact test equipment.
FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the modulus of a bullet versus stress waveform for a shock testing apparatus. As shown in fig. 1, as the elastic modulus of the impact warhead is gradually reduced, the duration of the first rectangular wave of the stress wave time course curve is significantly increased, and the corresponding frequency and strain rate are significantly reduced. Therefore, the elastic modulus of the impact warhead can be reduced, so that the generated first stress wave can be increased in time when the impact warhead impacts the incident rod of the impact test equipment under the action of the same other boundary conditions, the frequency of the stress wave is reduced, the frequency of the stress wave is closer to the frequency of the stress wave in a common dynamic disaster in the field of geotechnical engineering, the real coal and rock dynamic damage process can be simulated in a laboratory environment, and the scientificity of an impact test system is enhanced.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an impact testing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 2, the impact test apparatus of the embodiment of the present application includes: and an impact warhead (not shown in fig. 2), wherein the elastic modulus of the impact warhead is determined according to the target frequency, and the elastic modulus is in positive correlation with the target frequency.
Specifically, the target frequency is the frequency that the user needs to impact the output of the test equipment. Because the incident wave frequencies corresponding to the impact warheads made of materials with different elastic moduli are different, as shown in table 1, the impact warheads can be customized by selecting the material with the elastic modulus according to the target frequency for obtaining the impact test equipment with the target frequency. The elastic modulus of the material is in a positive correlation with the target frequency, i.e., the elastic modulus of the material increases with increasing target frequency. The material of the impact warhead may specifically include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following materials: silicon manganese steel, rolled copper, rolled aluminum, lead, epoxy resin, asbestos phenolic resin, and the like.
TABLE 1 Table of the corresponding relationship between the modulus of elasticity of the impact warhead and the warhead material and stress wave
The impact test equipment of the embodiment of the application customizes the impact warhead by selecting proper materials to reduce the elastic modulus of the impact warhead from about 220 gigapascals (GPa) to about 10GPa, so that the shock wave frequency and the shock wave strain rate of the traditional impact test equipment can be effectively reduced, the original 1-5kHz stress wave characteristic frequency is reduced to about 500Hz, the characteristic frequency corresponds to the underground real energy wave main frequency component in the frequency domain range, and the serious theoretical defect of the impact test equipment is avoided.
The impact test equipment selects the material with the proper elastic modulus to customize the impact warhead according to the target frequency, can output the needed main frequency component, and solves the problem that the main frequency component output by the impact test equipment does not correspond to the underground real main frequency component of the energy wave in the frequency domain range. Because the dynamic response, the dynamic parameters, the failure modes and other mechanical performances of the tested coal rock medium are completely different under the action of dynamic loads with different frequencies, the impact test equipment with proper frequency is customized, and the serious theoretical defect of the impact test equipment is avoided.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the impact testing apparatus of the embodiment of the present application may further include an incident rod 1 and a transmission rod 2; the incident rod 1 and the transmission rod 2 have the same length and are larger than the target wavelength, and the target wavelength is determined according to the target frequency.
Specifically, the incident rod 1 and the transmission rod 2 should be made of silicon manganese steel used in the conventional SHPB system, so as to ensure that the propagation velocity of the stress wave is substantially unchanged. Selecting an impact warhead with a proper elastic modulus according to the target frequency, wherein once the elastic modulus of the impact warhead is selected, the stress wave of the incident rod 1 excited by the warhead is determined, and the stress wave comprises the incident wave frequency (equal to the target frequency), the incident wave duration (equal to the reciprocal of the target frequency) and the incident wave wavelength (the incident wave duration is multiplied by the wave speed of the incident rod, and the wave speed of the incident rod made of silicon-manganese steel is 5400m/s of a constant number). In order to ensure that the generated stress wave can be completely monitored into a complete waveform by the strain gauge in the incident rod 1 and the transmission rod 2, the stress wave duration increase corresponds to the increase of the theoretical minimum length of the incident rod and the transmission rod, so that the incident rod 1 and the transmission rod 2 which are larger than the wavelength (namely the target wavelength) of the incident wave need to be selected.
In practical applications, the theoretical minimum length of the impact test equipment, in terms of the sample length of 50 millimeters (mm) and the pressure chamber length of 550mm, can be calculated as 2 × incident wavelength (i.e., target wavelength) + a preset additional equipment length (e.g., 0.5m), as shown in table 1, that is, the overall equipment size is designed according to the theoretical minimum length of the equipment. The straightness is less than 0.05mm/m, the end face verticality is 0.02, and the surface smoothness is 0.8.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the impact testing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application may further include: and the length of the support system 3 is greater than the theoretical length of the equipment so as to meet the requirements of building energy absorbing rod systems and end head devices at two ends of the support system, and the theoretical length of the equipment is the sum of 2 times of the target wavelength and the length of preset additional equipment.
As shown in fig. 2, the support system 3 may specifically include: a steel base 31; the guide rail 32 is arranged above the steel base 31, and the guide rail 32 is rigidly connected with the steel base 31; a central bracket 33, wherein the central bracket 33 is arranged above the guide rail 32, and the central bracket 33 is rigidly connected with the guide rail 32; the three-stage gas-liquid mechanical buffer 34 is arranged on the side of the steel base 31, and the three-stage gas-liquid mechanical buffer 34 is rigidly connected with the steel base 31 and serves as an energy absorption device.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the impact testing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application may further include: sample 4 and absorption rod 5; the incident rod 1, the sample 4, the transmission rod 2 and the absorption rod 5 are arranged in sequence, and are kept on the same horizontal axis under the action of the central bracket 33, and can move in a left-right lubrication mode.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the impact testing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application may further include: and the launching system 6, the launching system 6 is arranged on the guide rail 32 and is positioned in the incident direction of the incident rod 1, and the launching system 6 comprises an impact warhead.
As shown in fig. 2, the transmitting system 6 may specifically include: a transmitter 61, a transmitting tube 62 and a velocimeter 63; launcher 61, launching tube 62 and tachymeter 63 arrange the setting in proper order, and launcher 61 includes the impact warhead. The inside of the launcher 61 can be inflated, and the valve in the launcher 61 is opened to allow the gas to gush out from the launching tube 62, so as to push the impact warhead to eject at high speed.
Further, the impact testing apparatus of the embodiment of the present application may further include: and the power supply provides a working power supply for the impact test equipment. The power supply may specifically include, but is not limited to, a single-phase three-wire system or a three-phase four-wire system Alternating Current (AC) power supply, and the like. For example, single-phase three-wire AC 220V 10A (equipment must be ground protected); AC (380 ± 5%) 50HZ three-phase four-wire + protective earth, capacity 10KW (equipment must be earth protected).
In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of the impact test equipment, the environmental temperature should be kept at 0-40 ℃ (DEG C), the environmental Humidity should be kept at 5-90% RH (Relative Humidity), and the electromagnetic compatibility should be kept at the third level of industry (10 meters range cannot have 10-100HZ alternating frequency equipment, such as a generator, a high-power transformer substation, induction heating equipment and the like).
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral parts; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An impact testing apparatus, comprising:
the elastic modulus of the impact warhead is determined according to the target frequency, and the elastic modulus and the target frequency are in a positive correlation relationship.
2. The impact testing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: an incident rod and a transmission rod;
the length of the incident rod is the same as that of the transmission rod, and is larger than the target wavelength, and the target wavelength is determined according to the target frequency.
3. The impact testing apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
and the length of the bracket system is greater than the theoretical length of the equipment, and the theoretical length of the equipment is the sum of 2 times of the target wavelength and the preset length of the additional equipment.
4. The impact testing apparatus of claim 3, wherein said bracket system comprises:
a steel base;
the guide rail is arranged above the steel base and is rigidly connected with the steel base;
the central bracket is arranged above the guide rail and is rigidly connected with the guide rail;
the three-level buffer of the gas-liquid machinery is arranged on the side of the steel base and is rigidly connected with the steel base.
5. The impact testing apparatus of claim 4, further comprising: a sample and an absorption rod;
the incident rod, the sample, the transmission rod and the absorption rod are sequentially arranged and kept on the same horizontal axis under the action of the central support and can move left and right.
6. The impact testing apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:
the launching system is arranged on the guide rail and is positioned in the incident direction of the incident rod, and the launching system comprises the impact warhead.
7. The impact testing apparatus of claim 6, wherein said launching system comprises: the device comprises a transmitter, a transmitting tube and a velocimeter;
the launcher, the launching tube and the velocimeter are arranged in sequence, and the launcher comprises the impact warhead.
8. The impact testing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
and the power supply provides a working power supply for the impact test equipment.
9. The impact testing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said power source is a single-phase three-wire system or three-phase four-wire system alternating current power source.
10. The impact testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the material of the impact warhead comprises at least one of the following materials:
silicon manganese steel, rolled copper, rolled aluminum, lead, epoxy resin and asbestos phenolic resin.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011345489.8A CN112461639A (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Impact test equipment |
| PCT/CN2021/095745 WO2022110700A1 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-05-25 | Impact testing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011345489.8A CN112461639A (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Impact test equipment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112461639A true CN112461639A (en) | 2021-03-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011345489.8A Withdrawn CN112461639A (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Impact test equipment |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112461639A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022110700A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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| CN113405928A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-09-17 | 煤炭科学研究总院 | Impact warhead and impact test equipment with same |
| WO2022110700A1 (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-06-02 | 煤炭科学研究总院 | Impact testing device |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022110700A1 (en) | 2022-06-02 |
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