CN103234844B - A kind of pendulum loads mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit and method - Google Patents
A kind of pendulum loads mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种摆锤加载中应变率霍布金森压杆试验装置及方法，属于岩石动力学技术领域。本发明能够通过调整摆锤的摆角控制锤头的冲击速度，实现中应变率加载条件下相同的动态应力波加载。装置：包括摆锤支架，在摆锤支架上设置摆锤；在摆锤支架一侧设置校准支座，在校准支座上放置入射杆和透射杆，入射杆、透射杆及锤头的轴心在同一直线上；在入射杆和透射杆上设有应变片，应变片通过前置信号放大器与示波记录仪的输入端相连接，示波记录仪的输出端与计算机相连。方法；调整校准支座的高度和位置，保证入射杆、透射杆和摆锤锤头的中心对正；将试样夹在入射杆与透射杆间；按照所需锤头冲击速度，调整摆锤摆角；放开摆锤进行冲击试验，记录和储存试验数据。
The invention discloses a strain rate Hobkinson compression bar test device and method in pendulum loading, belonging to the technical field of rock dynamics. The invention can control the impact velocity of the hammer head by adjusting the swing angle of the pendulum, so as to realize the same dynamic stress wave loading under the medium strain rate loading condition. Device: including a pendulum bracket, on which a pendulum is set; a calibration support is set on one side of the pendulum support, and an incident rod and a transmission rod are placed on the calibration support, and the axis of the incident rod, transmission rod and hammer head On the same straight line; the incident rod and the transmission rod are provided with strain gauges, the strain gauges are connected to the input end of the oscilloscope recorder through the pre-signal amplifier, and the output end of the oscilloscope recorder is connected to the computer. Method: Adjust the height and position of the calibration support to ensure that the centers of the incident rod, the transmission rod and the pendulum hammer are aligned; clamp the sample between the incident rod and the transmission rod; adjust the pendulum according to the required impact speed of the hammer Pendulum angle; release the pendulum for impact test, record and store test data.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于岩石动力学技术领域，特别是涉及一种摆锤加载中应变率霍布金森压杆试验装置及方法，适用于研究材料在动态中应变率冲击加载条件下的力学特性。The invention belongs to the technical field of rock dynamics, and in particular relates to a pendulum loading medium strain rate Hobkinson compression bar test device and method, which are suitable for studying the mechanical properties of materials under dynamic medium strain rate impact loading conditions.
背景技术Background technique
在许多诸如采矿、水利、交通、人防等人类活动以及地震、滑坡等自然灾害现象中都涉及到岩石或岩体受冲击荷载作用以及与之有关的岩石动力学问题。目前，爆破技术己经广泛地应用于矿山开采、隧道开挖和水利水电设施建设等岩土工程领域，大规模频繁的爆破作业对工程围岩和附近的其他非爆破目标造成不同程度上的破坏;同时，这些人类工程不可避免地面对着地震、滑坡和海啸等自然灾害的威胁。上述岩土工程的动态破坏几乎都与应力波在岩体中的传播以及冲击荷载作用下的岩体失稳有关。因此，研究岩石在冲击载荷下的损伤和破坏成为一个热点问题。工程爆破中岩石受到爆破冲击波的作用，岩石加载的应变率在100～105s-1之间;在岩石的破碎圈内，加载的应变率较高，处于102～104s-1之间;在破碎圈外加载的应变率较低，在100～103S-1之间。因此，为了认清岩石在不同应变率条件下的力学响应特征，需要研制相应的试验装置。In many human activities such as mining, water conservancy, transportation, and civil air defense, as well as natural disasters such as earthquakes and landslides, rocks or rock masses are affected by impact loads and related rock dynamics. At present, blasting technology has been widely used in geotechnical engineering fields such as mining, tunnel excavation, and construction of water conservancy and hydropower facilities. Large-scale and frequent blasting operations have caused varying degrees of damage to the surrounding rock of the project and other nearby non-blasting targets. ; At the same time, these human projects inevitably face the threat of natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides and tsunamis. The above-mentioned dynamic failures of geotechnical engineering are almost all related to the propagation of stress waves in rock mass and the instability of rock mass under impact load. Therefore, the study of rock damage and failure under impact loads has become a hot issue. In engineering blasting, the rock is affected by the blasting shock wave, and the strain rate of the rock is between 10 0 and 10 5 s -1 ; in the broken circle of the rock, the strain rate of the loading is relatively high, in the range of 10 2 to 10 4 s -1 between; the strain rate loaded outside the broken circle is low, between 10 0 and 10 3 S -1 . Therefore, in order to understand the mechanical response characteristics of rock under different strain rate conditions, it is necessary to develop corresponding test devices.
分离式霍布金森压杆是目前研究岩石的动态特性的主要试验装置之一，自Kumar将SHPB装置引入到岩石动态强度的测试，至今己经有40余年，但仍有不少技术问题有待进一步探究。相对于金属材料而言，岩石类脆性材料的弹性模量和强度都低很多，传统的矩形应力波由于波形上升历时短，岩石试样在达到应力平衡前就可能破坏失效。因此，采用常规的试验装置较难获得理想的试验结果。为了解决这些难题，国内外学者进行了广泛地探索，提出了波形整形器技术和异形冲头技术，这些技术对实现试样中应力平衡和获得恒应变率加载有极大帮助。The separate Hobkinson pressure bar is one of the main test devices for studying the dynamic characteristics of rocks. It has been more than 40 years since Kumar introduced the SHPB device into the test of rock dynamic strength, but there are still many technical problems that need further improvement. explore. Compared with metal materials, the elastic modulus and strength of rock-like brittle materials are much lower. The traditional rectangular stress wave has a short rising duration, and the rock sample may fail before reaching the stress balance. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain ideal test results with conventional test equipment. In order to solve these problems, scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive explorations and proposed wave shaper technology and special-shaped punch technology. These technologies are of great help to achieve stress balance in the sample and obtain constant strain rate loading.
基于这些技术，出现了不同加载方式的SHPB(SplitHopkinsonPresSureBar)试验装置，由于目前的SHpB试验装置大多采用的是气炮加载，精确控制冲头冲击入射杆的速度比较困难，目前主要研究应变率处于102～104s-1之间的高应变率加载。一般来说，在低应变率区，材料对应变率不敏感，在高应变率区，材料对应变率很敏感，中应变率区则是材料性能由应变率不敏感到应变率敏感的转变区，因此，研发适宜于中应变率条件下岩石力学的试验装置，对于研究岩石在中应变率区的应变率相关性是十分必要和重要的。为了满足岩石本构关系及其应变率效应测试的要求，新的加载装置要易于控制加载的应力波形，且波形具有良好的可重复性。Based on these technologies, SHPB (Split Hopkinson Press Sure Bar) test devices with different loading methods have appeared. Since most of the current SHPB test devices use air cannon loading, it is difficult to accurately control the speed at which the punch impacts the incident rod. High strain rate loading between 2 and 10 4 s -1 . Generally speaking, in the low strain rate region, the material is not sensitive to the strain rate, in the high strain rate region, the material is very sensitive to the strain rate, and the medium strain rate region is the transition region where the material properties are from strain rate insensitive to strain rate sensitive. , therefore, R&D is suitable for medium strain rate It is very necessary and important to study the strain rate correlation of rocks in the middle strain rate region by using the test device of rock mechanics under high conditions. In order to meet the test requirements of rock constitutive relationship and its strain rate effect, the new loading device should be easy to control the loading stress waveform, and the waveform has good repeatability.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种在中应变率加载条件下，加载应力波易于控制和具有可重复性的摆锤加载中应变率霍布金森压杆试验装置(IntermediateStrainRate-SHPB，简称ISR-SHPB)及方法。该装置能够通过调整摆锤的摆角控制锤头的冲击速度，实现中应变率加载条件下相同的动态应力波加载，得到的波形可重复性好，并通过更换不同形状的摆锤锤头，可产生所需的不同中等应变率加载波形。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a medium strain rate Under the loading condition, the loading stress wave is easy to control and has repeatability. The pendulum loading intermediate strain rate Hobkinson pressure bar test device (Intermediate StrainRate-SHPB, referred to as ISR-SHPB) and method. The device can control the impact velocity of the hammer head by adjusting the swing angle of the pendulum, and realize the same dynamic stress wave loading under the medium strain rate loading condition, and the obtained waveform has good repeatability. Different medium strain rate loading waveforms can be generated as required.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案，一种摆锤加载中应变率霍布金森压杆试验装置，包括具有指针和刻度盘的摆锤支架，在所述摆锤支架上设置有由锤杆和锤头组成的摆锤，所述指针与摆锤的锤杆固定连接;在摆锤支架的一侧设置有校准支座，在校准支座上放置有入射杆和透射杆，所述入射杆、透射杆及静止状态下的摆锤锤头的轴心在同一直线上，所述静止状态下的摆锤锤头与入射杆的冲击端相对应，入射杆的另一端与透射杆的一端相对应;在所述摆锤支架上设置具有通孔的导向板，入射杆的冲击端通过导向板的通孔设置在摆锤支架的下方;在所述入射杆和透射杆上分别设有应变片，应变片通过前置信号放大器与示波记录仪的输入端相连接，示波记录仪的输出端与计算机相连接。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, a kind of strain rate Hobkinson compression bar test device in pendulum loading, comprising a pendulum bracket with a pointer and a dial, on which a hammer A pendulum composed of a rod and a hammer head, the pointer is fixedly connected to the hammer rod of the pendulum; a calibration support is provided on one side of the pendulum bracket, and an incident rod and a transmission rod are placed on the calibration support. The shaft centers of the rod, the transmission rod and the pendulum hammer head in the static state are on the same straight line, the pendulum hammer head in the static state corresponds to the impact end of the incident rod, and the other end of the incident rod is connected to one end of the transmission rod Correspondingly; a guide plate with a through hole is set on the pendulum bracket, and the impact end of the incident rod is arranged below the pendulum support through the through hole of the guide plate; strain relief is respectively provided on the incident rod and the transmission rod. The strain gauge is connected to the input end of the oscilloscope recorder through the pre-signal amplifier, and the output end of the oscilloscope recorder is connected to the computer.
为了得到中应变率条件下的不同波形，所述摆锤的锤头采用短粗形柱形锤头、长细形柱形锤头或锥形锤头。In order to obtain different waveforms under medium strain rate conditions, the hammer head of the pendulum adopts a short and thick cylindrical hammer head, a long and thin cylindrical hammer head or a tapered hammer head.
所述锤头的冲击端为弧形。The striking end of the hammer head is arc-shaped.
采用所述的摆锤加载中应变率霍布金森压杆试验装置的试验方法，包括如下步骤:Adopt the test method of strain rate Hobkinson compression bar test device in described pendulum loading, comprise the steps:
步骤一:调整校准支座的高度和位置，保证入射杆、透射杆和摆锤锤头的中心对正;Step 1: Adjust the height and position of the calibration support to ensure that the centers of the incident rod, the transmission rod and the pendulum hammer head are aligned;
步骤二:将试样夹在入射杆与透射杆之间，并保证试样中心与入射杆和透射杆的中心对正;Step 2: Clamp the sample between the incident rod and the transmission rod, and ensure that the center of the sample is aligned with the center of the incident rod and the transmission rod;
步骤三:按照所需的摆锤锤头的冲击速度，调整摆锤的摆角;Step 3: Adjust the swing angle of the pendulum according to the required impact velocity of the pendulum head;
步骤四:放开摆锤进行冲击试验，并通过示波记录仪和计算机进行试验数据的记录和储存。Step 4: release the pendulum to carry out the impact test, and record and store the test data through the oscilloscope and computer.
在试验过程中，岩石试样是夹在入射杆与透射杆之间的;为了保证入射杆。透射杆与试样紧密接触和接触面摩擦力较小，要求入射杆、透射杆和岩石试样的接触面平整且光滑。During the test, the rock sample is sandwiched between the incident rod and the transmission rod; in order to ensure the incident rod. The transmission rod is in close contact with the sample and the friction force of the contact surface is small, so the contact surface of the transmission rod, the transmission rod and the rock sample is required to be flat and smooth.
本发明的加载应力波即入射波是由摆锤对入射杆撞击产生的，摆锤从一定高度摆下，以一定的速度撞击入射杆，在入射杆端部产生一个压应力波，它的幅值大小取决于摆锤锤头的冲击速度，该速度由摆锤的摆角决定。这个应力脉冲从入射杆传入岩石试样，在传播过程中被设置在入射杆上的应变片记录，并在岩石试样与入射杆的交界面发生透反射，反射波在入射杆上传播并被记录，透射波经过岩石试样进入透射杆，同时再次在岩石试样与透射杆的交界面发生透反射，进入透射杆的透射波被设置在透射杆上的应变片记录;反射波和透射波的大小取决于岩石试样、入射杆及透射杆的波阻。应变片记录下的入射波、反射波和透射波信号经过前置信号放大器放大后被示波记录仪记录，最后经过交换机最终存储在计算机中并进行数据处理。The loading stress wave of the present invention, that is, the incident wave is produced by the impact of the pendulum on the incident rod. The pendulum swings down from a certain height and hits the incident rod at a certain speed, generating a compressive stress wave at the end of the incident rod. The value depends on the impact velocity of the pendulum head, which is determined by the swing angle of the pendulum. This stress pulse is transmitted from the incident rod to the rock sample, and is recorded by the strain gauge set on the incident rod during the propagation process, and transflected at the interface between the rock sample and the incident rod, and the reflected wave propagates on the incident rod and After being recorded, the transmitted wave passes through the rock sample and enters the transmission rod, and at the same time, transflection occurs again at the interface between the rock sample and the transmission rod, and the transmitted wave entering the transmission rod is recorded by the strain gauge set on the transmission rod; the reflected wave and the transmitted wave The size of the wave depends on the wave resistance of the rock sample, the incident rod and the transmitted rod. The incident wave, reflected wave and transmitted wave signals recorded by the strain gauge are amplified by the pre-amplifier and then recorded by the oscilloscope recorder, and finally stored in the computer through the switch for data processing.
本发明的有益效果:Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明的试验装置能够通过调整摆锤的摆角控制锤头的冲击速度，实现中应变率下相同的动态应力波加载，得到的波形可重复性好;并通过更换不同形状的摆锤锤头，产生所需的不同中等应变率加载波形。The test device of the present invention can control the impact velocity of the hammer head by adjusting the swing angle of the pendulum, realize the same dynamic stress wave loading under the medium strain rate, and the obtained waveform has good repeatability; and by changing the pendulum hammer head of different shapes , yielding the desired loading waveforms at different intermediate strain rates.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的摆锤加载中应变率霍布金森压杆试验装置的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the strain rate Hobkinson compression bar test device in the pendulum loading of the present invention;
图2为三种异型锤头的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of three kinds of special-shaped hammer heads;
(a)为短粗形柱形锤头的结构示意图;(a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a short and thick cylindrical hammer head;
(b)为长细形柱形锤头的结构示意图;(b) is a structural schematic diagram of a slender cylindrical hammer head;
(c)为锥形锤头的结构示意图;(c) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tapered hammer head;
图3为采用三种异型锤头进行冲击试验产生的入射波波形图;Figure 3 is the incident wave waveform diagram generated by the impact test using three special-shaped hammer heads;
(a)为冲击速度为2.0m/s和2.5m/s时三种异型锤头的入射波波形图;(a) is the incident wave waveform diagram of three special-shaped hammer heads when the impact velocity is 2.0m/s and 2.5m/s;
(b)为冲击速度为3.3m/s和4.2m/s时三种异型锤头的入射波波形图;(b) is the incident wave waveform diagram of three special-shaped hammer heads when the impact velocity is 3.3m/s and 4.2m/s;
图中，1-指针，2一刻度盘，3一摆锤，4一锤杆，5一锤头，6一摆锤支架，7一导向板，8一校准支座，9一入射杆，10一试样，11一应变片，12一透射杆，13一计算机，14一缓冲挡板，15一前置信号放大器，16一示波记录仪，17一交换机。In the figure, 1- pointer, 2- dial, 3- pendulum, 4- hammer rod, 5- hammer head, 6- pendulum bracket, 7- guide plate, 8- calibration support, 9- incident rod, 10 A sample, 11 a strain gauge, 12 a transmission rod, 13 a computer, 14 a buffer baffle, 15 a pre-signal amplifier, 16 an oscilloscope, 17 a switch.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，一种摆锤加载中应变率霍布金森压杆试验装置，包括具有指针1和刻度盘2的摆锤支架6，在所述摆锤支架6上设置有由锤杆4和锤头5组成的摆锤3，所述指针1与摆锤3的锤杆4固定连接;在摆锤支架6的一侧设置有校准支座8，在校准支座8上放置有入射杆9和透射杆12，所述入射杆9、透射杆12及静止状态下的摆锤锤头5的轴心在同一直线上，所述静止状态下的摆锤锤头5与入射杆9的冲击端相对应，入射杆9的另一端与透射杆12的一端相对应;在所述摆锤支架6上设置具有通孔的导向板7，入射杆9的冲击端通过导向板7的通孔设置在摆锤支架6的下方;在所述入射杆9和透射杆12上分别设有应变片11，应变片11通过前置信号放大器15与示波记录仪16的输入端相连接，示波记录仪16的输出端与计算机13相连接。As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of strain rate Hobkinson compression bar test device in the pendulum load, comprises the pendulum support 6 that has pointer 1 and dial 2, is provided with on described pendulum support 6 by hammer bar 4 A pendulum 3 composed of a hammer head 5, the pointer 1 is fixedly connected to the hammer rod 4 of the pendulum 3; a calibration support 8 is provided on one side of the pendulum support 6, and an incident rod is placed on the calibration support 8 9 and the transmission rod 12, the axes of the incident rod 9, the transmission rod 12 and the pendulum hammer head 5 in the static state are on the same straight line, and the impact of the pendulum hammer head 5 and the incident rod 9 in the static state The other end of the incident rod 9 corresponds to one end of the transmission rod 12; a guide plate 7 with a through hole is set on the pendulum bracket 6, and the impact end of the incident rod 9 is set through the through hole of the guide plate 7 Below the pendulum bracket 6; strain gauges 11 are respectively arranged on the incident rod 9 and the transmission rod 12, and the strain gauges 11 are connected to the input end of the oscilloscope 16 through the pre-signal amplifier 15, and the oscillometric recording The output terminal of instrument 16 is connected with computer 13.
为了得到中应变率条件下的不同波形，所述摆锤3的锤头5采用短粗形柱形锤头、长细形柱形锤头或锥形锤头。In order to obtain different waveforms under medium strain rate conditions, the hammer head 5 of the pendulum 3 adopts a short and thick cylindrical hammer head, a long and thin cylindrical hammer head or a tapered hammer head.
所述锤头5的冲击端为弧形。The striking end of the hammer head 5 is arc-shaped.
为了防止透射杆12被击打飞出，在所述透射杆12的外侧设置有缓冲挡板14。In order to prevent the transmission rod 12 from being knocked out, a buffer baffle 14 is provided outside the transmission rod 12 .
在所述示波记录仪16的输出端与计算机13之间还连接有交换机17。A switch 17 is also connected between the output end of the oscilloscope 16 and the computer 13 .
为了使入射杆9和透射杆12满足刚度要求，本实施例的入射杆9和透射杆12采用高强度合金钢4OCr。In order to make the incident rod 9 and the transmission rod 12 meet the rigidity requirements, the incident rod 9 and the transmission rod 12 of this embodiment are made of high-strength alloy steel 4OCr.
所述示波记录仪16采用的型号为DL750，所述前置信号放大器15采用的型号为NW4-81，所述交换机17采用的型号为TL-SF1005+，所述应变片11采用的型号为BF350-3AA(ll)N6-X。The model used by the oscilloscope 16 is DL750, the model used by the pre-signal amplifier 15 is NW4-81, the model used by the switch 17 is TL-SF1005+, and the model used by the strain gauge 11 is BF350 -3AA(11)N6-X.
所述锤头5可更换为三种不同形状的异型锤头，三种不同形状的异型锤头的结构，如图2所示，其中，(a)为1#锤头一短粗形柱形锤头，(b)为2#锤头一长细形柱形锤头，(d为3#锤头一锥形锤头。采用这三种不同形状的锤头进行冲击试验可以产生不同形状的应力波，为分析应力波在岩石中的传播及岩石的动态特性提供条件。Described tup 5 can be changed into the special-shaped tup of three kinds of different shapes, and the structure of the special-shaped tup of three kinds of different shapes, as shown in Figure 2, wherein, (a) is 1# tup-short thick cylindrical shape Hammer, (b) is a 2# hammer head, a long and thin cylindrical hammer head, (d is a 3# hammer head, a conical hammer head. Using these three different shapes of hammer heads for impact tests can produce different shapes Stress waves provide conditions for analyzing the propagation of stress waves in rocks and the dynamic characteristics of rocks.
采用所述的摆锤加载中应变率霍布金森压杆试验装置的试验方法，具体包括如下步骤:Adopt the test method of strain rate Hobkinson compression bar test device in the described pendulum loading, specifically comprise the steps:
步骤一:调整校准支座8的高度和位置，保证入射杆9、透射杆12和摆锤锤头5的中心对正;应力波在入射杆9、透射杆12和摆锤锤头5中传播时为一维应力波;Step 1: Adjust the height and position of the calibration support 8 to ensure that the centers of the incident rod 9, the transmission rod 12 and the pendulum hammer head 5 are aligned; the stress wave propagates in the incident rod 9, the transmission rod 12 and the pendulum hammer head 5 is a one-dimensional stress wave;
步骤二:将试样10夹在入射杆9与透射杆12之间，并保证试样10中心与入射杆9和透射杆12的中心对正;Step 2: sandwich the sample 10 between the incident rod 9 and the transmission rod 12, and ensure that the center of the sample 10 is aligned with the centers of the incident rod 9 and the transmission rod 12;
步骤三:按照所需的摆锤锤头5的冲击速度，调整摆锤3的摆角;Step 3: Adjust the pendulum angle of the pendulum 3 according to the required impact velocity of the pendulum head 5;
步骤四:放开摆锤3进行冲击试验，并通过示波记录仪16和计算机13进行试验数据的记录和储存。Step 4: release the pendulum 3 to carry out the impact test, and record and store the test data by the oscilloscope 16 and the computer 13.
本发明的试验装置的主要技术参数:The main technical parameters of the test device of the present invention:
装置尺寸:长×宽×高(600Omm×630mm×l52Omm);Device size: length × width × height (600Omm × 630mm × l52Omm);
摆锤尺寸:长×宽×高(10OOmm×630mm×l520mm);Pendulum size: length × width × height (10OOmm × 630mm × l520mm);
摆锤摆角范围:0°～135°;Pendulum pendulum angle range: 0°～135°;
摆锤锤头冲击速度:0～5.0m/s;Impact speed of pendulum hammer head: 0～5.0m/s;
冲击能量:0~70J;Impact energy: 0~70J;
试样尺寸:直径为Ф3Omm，长度为10mm～30mm;Sample size: Ф30mm in diameter, 10mm to 30mm in length;
应变率:100～102s-1。。Strain rate: 10 0 ~ 10 2 s -1 . .
采用本发明的试验装置进行异型锤头冲击试验的试验结果:Adopt test device of the present invention to carry out the test result of special-shaped hammer head impact test:
利用图2所示的三种不同形状的异型锤头进行冲击试验，测得入射杆上的入射波波形，如图3所示，The impact test was carried out using three different shaped hammer heads as shown in Figure 2, and the incident wave waveform on the incident rod was measured, as shown in Figure 3.
从图3中可以看出:相同的摆锤锤头冲击速度、不同的锤头得到的入射波波形是有差别的。当锤头冲击速度为2.0m/s和2.5m/s时，1#锤头。2#锤头和3#锤头得到的入射波峰值相差较大，3#锤头的入射波峰值最大;1#锤头和2#锤头应力达到峰值的时间近似为12Oμs，3#锤头应力达到峰值的时间为18Oμs和16OμS。当锤头冲击速度为3·3m/s和4·2m/s时，1#锤头入射波峰值较小，2#锤头和3#锤头的入射波峰值近似相等;锤头冲击速度为4.2m/s时，三个锤头冲击试验得到的入射波应力达到峰值的时间近似相等。It can be seen from Figure 3 that the incident wave waveforms obtained by the same pendulum head impact velocity and different hammer heads are different. When the impact velocity of the hammer head is 2.0m/s and 2.5m/s, 1# hammer head. The peak value of the incident wave obtained by 2# hammer and 3# hammer has a large difference, and the peak value of the incident wave of 3# hammer is the largest; The time when the stress reaches the peak value is 18Oμs and 16OμS. When the impact velocity of the hammer head is 3.3m/s and 4.2m/s, the peak value of the incident wave of the 1# hammer head is small, and the peak value of the incident wave of the 2# hammer head and 3# hammer head is approximately equal; the impact speed of the hammer head is At 4.2m/s, the time for the incident wave stress to reach the peak value obtained from the three hammer impact tests is approximately equal.
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