CN103234844B - A kind of pendulum loads mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit and method - Google Patents
A kind of pendulum loads mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103234844B CN103234844B CN201310111425.5A CN201310111425A CN103234844B CN 103234844 B CN103234844 B CN 103234844B CN 201310111425 A CN201310111425 A CN 201310111425A CN 103234844 B CN103234844 B CN 103234844B
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Abstract
A kind of pendulum loads mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit and method, belongs to dynamic rock mechanics technical field.The present invention can by the impact velocity of the swinging angle control tup of adjustment pendulum, and dynamic stress wave identical under realizing mid strain rate loading environment loads.Device: comprise pendulum support, pendulum support arranges pendulum; Arrange calibration bearing in pendulum support side, calibration bearing places incident bar and transmission bar, and the axle center of incident bar, transmission bar and tup on the same line; Incident bar and transmission bar are provided with foil gauge, and foil gauge is connected by the input end of signal preamplifier with electrographic recording instrument, and the output terminal of electrographic recording instrument is connected with computing machine.Method; The height of adjustment calibration bearing and position, ensure the central alignment of incident bar, transmission bar and pendulum tup; By sample holder between incident bar and transmission bar; According to required tup impact velocity, adjustment pendulum pivot angle; Decontrol pendulum and carry out impulse test, record and storage test data.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to dynamic rock mechanics technical field, particularly relate to a kind of pendulum and load mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit and method, be applicable to the mechanical characteristic of research material under dynamic mid strain rate Impulsive load condition.
Background technology
In the mankind's activities such as many such as mining, water conservancy, traffic, people's air defenses and the disaster phenomenon such as earthquake, landslide, all relate to rock or rock mass to be hit load action and dynamic rock mechanics problem relevant with it.At present, blasting technique oneself through being widely used in the Geotechnical Engineering fields such as mining, tunnel excavation and water conservancy and hydropower Facilities Construction, blasting operation causes destruction in varying degrees to engineering surrounding rock and other neighbouring non-demolition targets frequently on a large scale; Meanwhile, these human engineerings are inevitably facing to the threat of the disasteies such as earthquake, landslide and tsunami.The dynamic failure of above-mentioned Geotechnical Engineering nearly all with stress wave the propagation in rock mass and the Instability of Rock Body under Impact Load relevant.Therefore, the damage and fracture of study of rocks under shock load becomes a hot issue.In engineering explosion, rock is subject to the effect of Blasting shock wave, and the rate of strain that rock loads is 10
0~ 10
5s
-1between; In the fragmentation circle of rock, the rate of strain of loading is higher, is in 10
2~ 10
4s
-1between; The rate of strain loaded outward at fragmentation circle is lower, 10
0~ 10
3s
-1between.Therefore, in order to see clearly the mechanical response feature of rock under different strain rate condition, need to develop corresponding test unit.
Separate type Hopkinon depression bar is one of main experimental device of the dynamic perfromance of current study of rocks, from Kumar, SHPB device is incorporated into the test of rock dynamic strength, and oneself is through there being more than 40 years so far, but still has many technical matterss to need to be probed into further.For metal material, the elastic modulus of rock fragile materials and intensity are all much lower, and traditional rectangular stress ripple lasts short because waveform rises, and rock sample just may damage inactivation before reaching stress equilibrium.Therefore, the test findings adopting the conventional more difficult acquisition of test unit desirable.In order to solve these difficult problems, Chinese scholars has carried out exploring widely, proposes waveform shaper technology and abnormal-shaped punch technology, and these technology are loaded with very big help to realizing stress equilibrium and acquisition constant strain-rate in sample.
Based on these technology, there is SHPB (SplitHopkinsonPresSureBar) test unit of Different Loading Method, due to current SHpB test unit mostly adopt be gas big gun load, the velocity ratio of accurate control ram impacts incident bar is more difficult, and main research rate of strain is in 10 at present
2~ 10
4s
-1between high strain-rate load.In general, in low strain dynamic rate district, material is to insensibility of strain rate, and in high strain-rate district, material is very sensitive to rate of strain, mid strain rate district be then material property by the limited proportionality of insensibility of strain rate to rate of strain sensitivity, therefore, research and development be suitable for mid strain rate
the test unit of rock mechanics under condition is very necessary and important for study of rocks at the strain rate dependency in mid strain rate district.In order to meet the requirement of Basic Structural Relations of Rocks and strain rate effect test thereof, new charger will be easy to the stress wave of controlled loading, and waveform has good repeatability.
Summary of the invention
For prior art Problems existing, the invention provides a kind of at mid strain rate
under loading environment, loading stress ripple is easy to control and have repeatable pendulum and loads mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit (IntermediateStrainRate-SHPB is called for short ISR-SHPB) and method.This device can by the impact velocity of the swinging angle control tup of adjustment pendulum, dynamic stress wave identical under realizing mid strain rate loading environment loads, the waveform favorable repeatability obtained, and by changing difform pendulum tup, required different moderate strains rate Loaded contact analysis can be produced.
To achieve these goals; the present invention adopts following technical scheme; a kind of pendulum loads mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit; comprise the pendulum support with pointer and index dial; described pendulum support is provided with the pendulum be made up of hammer stem and tup, and described pointer is fixedly connected with the hammer stem of pendulum; The side of pendulum support is provided with calibration bearing; calibration bearing is placed with incident bar and transmission bar; the axle center of the pendulum tup under described incident bar, transmission bar and stationary state on the same line; pendulum tup under described stationary state is corresponding with the impact end of incident bar, and the other end of incident bar is corresponding with one end of transmission bar; Described pendulum support arranges the guide plate with through hole, and the impact end of incident bar is arranged on the below of pendulum support by the through hole of guide plate; Described incident bar and transmission bar are respectively equipped with foil gauge, and foil gauge is connected by the input end of signal preamplifier with electrographic recording instrument, and the output terminal of electrographic recording instrument is connected with computing machine.
In order to obtain the different wave under mid strain rate condition, the tup of described pendulum adopts stubby shape cylindricality tup, long thin shape cylindricality tup or taper tup.
The impact end of described tup is arc.
Pendulum described in employing loads the test method of mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit, comprises the steps:
Step one: the height of adjustment calibration bearing and position, ensure the central alignment of incident bar, transmission bar and pendulum tup;
Step 2: by sample holder between incident bar and transmission bar, and the central alignment ensureing sample center and incident bar and transmission bar;
Step 3: according to the impact velocity of required pendulum tup, the pivot angle of adjustment pendulum;
Step 4: decontrol pendulum and carry out impulse test, and carry out record and the storage of test figure by electrographic recording instrument and computing machine.
In process of the test, rock sample is clipped between incident bar and transmission bar; In order to ensure incident bar.Transmission bar and sample close contact and surface of contact friction force less, require that the surface of contact of incident bar, transmission bar and rock sample is smooth and smooth.
Loading stress ripple of the present invention and incident wave clash into generation by pendulum to incident bar, pendulum is accommodated from certain altitude, with certain speed impacts incident bar, a compression stress wave is produced in incident bar end, its amplitude size depends on the impact velocity of pendulum tup, and this speed is determined by the pivot angle of pendulum.This stress pulse imports rock sample into from incident bar; the foil gauge record on incident bar is arranged in communication process; and occur thoroughly to reflect at the interface of rock sample and incident bar; reflection wave is propagated and is recorded on incident bar; transmitted wave enters transmission bar through rock sample; simultaneously again occur thoroughly to reflect at the interface of rock sample and transmission bar, the transmitted wave entering transmission bar is arranged on the foil gauge record on transmission bar; The size of reflection wave and transmitted wave depends on the wave resistance of rock sample, incident bar and transmission bar.Incident wave, reflection wave and transmitted wave signal that foil gauge is recorded by electrographic recording instrument record, eventually pass switch and finally store in a computer and carry out data processing after signal preamplifier amplifies.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Test unit of the present invention can by the impact velocity of the swinging angle control tup of adjustment pendulum, and dynamic stress wave identical under realizing mid strain rate loads, the waveform favorable repeatability obtained; And by changing difform pendulum tup, the different moderate strains rate Loaded contact analysis needed for generation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that pendulum of the present invention loads mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of three kinds of special-shaped tups;
A () is the structural representation of stubby shape cylindricality tup;
B () is the structural representation of long thin shape cylindricality tup;
C () is the structural representation of taper tup;
Fig. 3 is the incident wave oscillogram that employing three kinds of special-shaped tups carry out impulse test generation;
A () is the incident wave oscillogram of three kinds of special-shaped tups when impact velocity is 2.0m/s and 2.5m/s;
B () is the incident wave oscillogram of three kinds of special-shaped tups when impact velocity is 3.3m/s and 4.2m/s;
In figure, 1-pointer, 2 one index dials, 3 one pendulums, 4 one hammer stems, 5 one tups, 6 one pendulum supports, 7 one guide plates, 8 one calibration bearings, 9 one incident bars, 10 1 samples, 11 1 foil gauges, 12 1 transmission bars, 13 1 computing machines, 14 1 cushioning fenders, 15 1 signal preamplifiers, 16 1 electrographic recording instrument, 17 1 switches.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1; a kind of pendulum loads mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit; comprise the pendulum support 6 with pointer 1 and index dial 2, described pendulum support 6 is provided with the pendulum 3 be made up of hammer stem 4 and tup 5, described pointer 1 is fixedly connected with the hammer stem 4 of pendulum 3; Calibration bearing 8 is provided with in the side of pendulum support 6; calibration bearing 8 is placed with incident bar 9 and transmission bar 12; the axle center of the pendulum tup 5 under described incident bar 9, transmission bar 12 and stationary state on the same line; pendulum tup 5 under described stationary state is corresponding with the impact end of incident bar 9, and the other end of incident bar 9 is corresponding with one end of transmission bar 12; Described pendulum support 6 arranges the guide plate 7 with through hole, and the impact end of incident bar 9 is arranged on the below of pendulum support 6 by the through hole of guide plate 7; Described incident bar 9 and transmission bar 12 are respectively equipped with foil gauge 11, and foil gauge 11 is connected by the input end of signal preamplifier 15 with electrographic recording instrument 16, and the output terminal of electrographic recording instrument 16 is connected with computing machine 13.
In order to obtain the different wave under mid strain rate condition, the tup 5 of described pendulum 3 adopts stubby shape cylindricality tup, long thin shape cylindricality tup or taper tup.
The impact end of described tup 5 is arc.
In order to prevent transmission bar 12 from being flown out by impact, there is cushioning fender 14 in the arranged outside of described transmission bar 12.
Switch 17 is also connected with between the output terminal and computing machine 13 of described electrographic recording instrument 16.
In order to make incident bar 9 and transmission bar 12 meet rigidity requirement, incident bar 9 and the transmission bar 12 of the present embodiment adopt high strength alloy steel 4OCr.
The model that described electrographic recording instrument 16 adopts is DL750, the model that described signal preamplifier 15 adopts is NW4-81, the model that described switch 17 adopts is TL-SF1005+, and the model that described foil gauge 11 adopts is BF350-3AA (ll) N6-X.
Described tup 5 is replaceable is three kinds of difform special-shaped tups, the structure of three kinds of difform special-shaped tups, as shown in Figure 2, wherein, a () is 1# tup one stubby shape cylindricality tup, b () is the long thin shape cylindricality tup of 2# tup one, (d is 3# tup one taper tup.Adopt these three kinds of difform tups to carry out impulse test and can produce difform stress wave, for the dynamic perfromance analyzing the propagation of stress wave in rock and rock provides condition.
Pendulum described in employing loads the test method of mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit, specifically comprises the steps:
Step one: the height of adjustment calibration bearing 8 and position, ensure the central alignment of incident bar 9, transmission bar 12 and pendulum tup 5; Stress wave is one-dimension stress wane when propagating in incident bar 9, transmission bar 12 and pendulum tup 5;
Step 2: sample 10 is clipped between incident bar 9 and transmission bar 12, and ensure the central alignment of sample 10 center and incident bar 9 and transmission bar 12;
Step 3: according to the impact velocity of required pendulum tup 5, the pivot angle of adjustment pendulum 3;
Step 4: decontrol pendulum 3 and carry out impulse test, and carry out record and the storage of test figure by electrographic recording instrument 16 and computing machine 13.
The important technological parameters of test unit of the present invention:
Plant bulk: long × wide × high (600Omm × 630mm × l52Omm);
Bob size: long × wide × high (10OOmm × 630mm × l520mm);
Pendulum pivot angle scope: 0 ° ~ 135 °;
Pendulum tup impact velocity: 0 ~ 5.0m/s;
Impact energy: 0 ~ 70J;
Specimen size: diameter is Ф 3Omm, length is 10mm ~ 30mm;
Rate of strain: 10
0~ 10
2s
-1.。
Test unit of the present invention is adopted to carry out the test findings of Abnormal Hammer head impulse test:
Utilize kind of the difform special-shaped tup of three shown in Fig. 2 to carry out impulse test, record the incident wave waveform on incident bar, as shown in Figure 3,
As can be seen from Figure 3: the incident wave waveform that identical pendulum tup impact velocity, different tups obtain is differentiated.When tup impact velocity is 2.0m/s and 2.5m/s, 1# tup.The incident wave peak value difference that 2# tup and 3# tup obtain is comparatively large, and the incident wave peak value of 3# tup is maximum; The time that 1# tup and 2# tup stress reach peak value is approximately 12O μ s, and the time that 3# tup stress reaches peak value is 18O μ s and 16O μ S.When tup impact velocity is 33m/s and 42m/s, 1# tup incident wave peak value is less, the incident wave peak value approximately equal of 2# tup and 3# tup; When tup impact velocity is 4.2m/s, the incident wave stress that three tup impulse tests obtain reaches the time approximately equal of peak value.
Claims (2)
1. pendulum loads a mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit, and it is characterized in that comprising the pendulum support with pointer and index dial, described pendulum support is provided with the pendulum be made up of hammer stem and tup, and described pointer is fixedly connected with the hammer stem of pendulum; The side of pendulum support is provided with calibration bearing, calibration bearing is placed with incident bar and transmission bar, the axle center of the pendulum tup under described incident bar, transmission bar and stationary state on the same line, pendulum tup under described stationary state is corresponding with the impact end of incident bar, and the other end of incident bar is corresponding with one end of transmission bar; Described pendulum support arranges the guide plate with through hole, and the impact end of incident bar is arranged on the below of pendulum support by the through hole of guide plate; Described incident bar and transmission bar are respectively equipped with foil gauge, and foil gauge is connected by the input end of signal preamplifier with electrographic recording instrument, and the output terminal of electrographic recording instrument is connected with computing machine; The tup of described pendulum adopts stubby shape cylindricality tup, long thin shape cylindricality tup or taper tup, and the impact end of described tup is arc.
2. adopt pendulum according to claim 1 to load the test method of mid strain rate Hopkinon depression bar test unit, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step one: the height of adjustment calibration bearing and position, ensure the central alignment of incident bar, transmission bar and pendulum tup;
Step 2: by sample holder between incident bar and transmission bar, and the central alignment ensureing sample center and incident bar and transmission bar;
Step 3: according to the impact velocity of required pendulum tup, the pivot angle of adjustment pendulum;
Step 4: decontrol pendulum and carry out impulse test, and carry out record and the storage of test figure by electrographic recording instrument and computing machine.
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