CN112986020B - Method for representing progressive rock damage based on stress and acoustic wave change combination - Google Patents
Method for representing progressive rock damage based on stress and acoustic wave change combination Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for representing progressive rock damage based on stress and acoustic wave change, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, arranging a sample on the microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock triaxial shear rheological tester, arranging sonic pressure heads at two ends of the rock sample during test, setting parameters such as the number, time interval and period of excitation sonic signals, and collecting time information and longitudinal wave information in the triaxial compression test process during test. The invention processes the sound wave data at the PC end to obtain the wave velocity-stress-time change curve, further processes the sound wave data, and establishes the wave velocity-stress characteristic value sigma vpc 、σ vpi 、σ vpd To describe the progressive breaking process of the rock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass mechanics, in particular to a method for representing progressive rock damage based on stress and acoustic wave change.
Background
Rock mass instability is always a serious safety threat faced by mine, water conservancy and underground engineering, in geotechnical engineering, cyclic loading and unloading conditions are often encountered, such as excavation and supporting processes of a grotto, bedrock of a pier, geological structure movement and the like, so that understanding of the damage evolution mechanism of rock and the expansion rule of cracks has important practical significance for judging the damage state of the current rock mass, construction safety of the rock engineering and disaster early warning. The invention provides a method for characterizing the evolution of the damage inside the rock by combining sound waves and stress, and provides a new thought for the development of the technology for detecting the damage of the rock by the sound waves.
In the compressive failure of brittle rock, failure does not occur instantaneously, but rather is a process of crack initiation, development, penetration and ultimately, overall failure. Progressive failure of brittle rock can be divided into five phases: the first stage is the original crack compaction stage, the original cracks of the rock are closed under the action of external force, and the corresponding stress at the end of the first stage is called compaction stress (crack closure stress, sigma) cc ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The second stage is a linear elastic deformation stage, in which the stress-strain curve of the rock shows a linear relationship, and the elastic deformation of the rock mass can be recovered after the external force is removed. The elastic modulus and poisson's ratio of the rock can also be measured at this stage; the third stage is crack initiation and stable extension, the stress-strain curve deviates from the original linear relationship, the rock is in the stage of crack damage, the microcracks in the rock are initiated and expanded, the corresponding stress at the beginning of this stage is called crack initiation stress (crack initiation stress, sigma) ci ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fourth stage is crack damage and unstable extension stage, and the rock starts to be macroscopically damaged, so that the cracks develop in a large amount and penetrate. If addLoad stress is continuously greater than sigma cd After a certain period of time, the sample is finally destroyed. The stress at the beginning of this phase is called crack failure stress (crack damage stress, sigma cd ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fifth stage is the peak failure and post-peak stage, and the unstable crack propagation continues to the point where many microcracks have combined and the test piece has entered the residual strength stage. The internal structure is severely damaged, the rock mass has a certain bearing capacity, but the internal part has formed macroscopic fracture surface, and the peak fracture strength is sigma f 。
The cyclic loading and unloading test can better observe progressive damage of the rock and reveal the damage evolution process in the rock mass, and the load history and the strength change characteristics of the rock mass are analyzed through the artificially arranged bearing path, so that the damage evolution of the rock is quantitatively evaluated.
The acoustic wave energy visually reflects the crack growth inside the rock, and in general, the existence of microcracks reduces the wave speed of the acoustic wave in the rock, so that the damage of the rock test piece in the compression process is a microscopic reflection of the generation and the expansion of the axial microcracks and is the result of damage accumulation.
During the loading of the rock test piece, the P-wave velocity increases at the initial stage of compaction. When the test piece reaches the nonlinear deformation stage, the longitudinal wave speed fluctuates due to the initiation and the expansion of cracks, and after peak stress, macroscopic fracture is formed in the test piece, so that the longitudinal wave speed rapidly drops.
The ultrasonic speed and the stress change curve have high consistency in the whole change process, so that the change of the longitudinal wave speed can be used as a judging index for evaluating the stress state, the deformation state and the damage state of the internal structure of the rock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for representing progressive rock destruction based on stress and acoustic wave change, which solves the problems proposed by the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for representing progressive rock damage based on stress and acoustic wave change combination comprises a TH100 series acoustic wave parameter tester, a PC and a microcomputer controlled electrohydraulic servo rock triaxial shear rheological tester; the microcomputer controlled electrohydraulic servo rock triaxial shear rheological testing machine is connected with a PC.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
placing a rock sample on a testing machine, fixing, placing sonic pressure heads at two ends of the rock sample, and setting the number of excitation sonic signals and the acquisition frequency to be 30s;
step two, starting the testing machine and the sound wave acquisition system, adopting an equal plastic strain cyclic loading and unloading scheme, wherein the strain increment is delta epsilon p =0.1% until after the peak no longer softens, the test stops;
step three, outputting stress strain data and acoustic wave data, obtaining a stress strain curve, a total volume strain curve, an elastic volume strain curve and a fracture volume strain curve according to the data, and finding out a stress characteristic value according to the curves;
step four, correcting the sound wave data;
fifthly, drawing a wave speed-time curve, analyzing the change trend of the acoustic wave waveform in each cyclic loading process, and defining a wave speed characteristic value: v (V) pc 、V pi 、V pd ；
Step six, drawing a wave speed-time-stress curve, and defining a wave speed-stress characteristic value sigma vpi 、σ vpd Judging the damage degree of the rock mass by combining the wave velocity-stress characteristic value and the stress characteristic value;
preferably, the third step specifically includes:
(1) In axial strain ε axial Is the transverse axis, the main stress difference (hereinafter referred to as stress) sigma 1 -σ 3 Establishing a stress-strain curve for the vertical axis;
(2) Under triaxial compression conditions, total volume strain is calculated by transverse strain and axial strain, and a total volume strain-axial strain curve is established by taking axial strain as a transverse axis and total volume strain as a longitudinal axis;
wherein; epsilon axial 、ε lateral Axial and transverse strain, respectively;
(3) The elastic modulus E and the Poisson's ratio v of the rock sample are calculated through the straight line segment of the stress-strain curve, the reference range of the straight line segment is approximately 20% -40%, and the elastic modulus E=delta sigma/delta epsilon axial I.e., the slope of the stress-strain curve; poisson's ratio v=Δε lateral /Δε axial ；
(4) The elastic volume strain ε is calculated by ve ：
(5) The fracture volume strain is obtained by subtracting the elastic volume strain from the total volume strain, i.e
ε vc ＝ε v -ε ve (3)
(6) And establishing an elastic volume strain-axial strain curve and a fracture volume strain-axial strain curve.
(7) The stress-strain curve of the brittle material can be divided into 5 partitions; the rock is broken by a process that cracks gradually sprout, develop and break, so that the crack initiation stress sigma can be respectively determined by a crack volume change curve and a volume strain curve ci And crack failure stress sigma cd The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The inflection point of the volume strain marks the beginning of the crack unstable propagation phase (IV), so the inflection point corresponds to sigma cd 。
Preferably, the fourth step specifically comprises:
extracting the acoustic longitudinal wave head wave of each time node, and determining the head wave velocity according to the length of a test piece and the acoustic transmission time; assuming the length of the test piece, since the test piece is vertically deformed during the compression process, the length and wave velocity of the test piece at each moment need to be corrected:
L 1 ＝L 0 ×(1-ε t )；V P ＝V P ′×(1-ε t ) (4)
wherein: l (L) 0 L is the original length of the sample 1 Epsilon for the corrected sample length t For axial strain of the sample at a certain moment, V P ' is the original wave velocity of the sample, V P The wave velocity of the sample after correction;
preferably, the fifth step specifically comprises:
drawing an acoustic wave-time curve by taking time as a horizontal axis and an acoustic wave value as a vertical axis, and dividing the wave speed change process into three areas: a wave speed stable growth stage, a wave speed deceleration growth stage and a wave speed reduction stage; the first sound wave turning point with the slope gradually changing from sharp is V pc The second sound wave turning point from rapid slope to slow slope is V pi The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Finally the peak point of the sound wave is V pd The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the These three points are defined as wave velocity eigenvalues.
Preferably, the sixth step specifically includes:
(1) Substituting stress data into a wave speed-time curve, drawing a sound wave-time-stress curve, and defining the corresponding stress of the time point of the sound wave characteristic value in each cycle of the sample as a wave speed-stress characteristic value sigma vpc 、σ vpi 、σ vpd ；
(2) Comparing the wave velocity-stress characteristic value with the stress characteristic value, and combining the wave velocity-stress characteristic value with the stress characteristic value to judge the degree of rock damage;
preferably, the wave velocity-stress characteristic value and the stress characteristic value in the cyclic loading and unloading process are recorded: the longitudinal wave of the rock has good corresponding relation with the change of stress; "wave speed-stress eigenvalue" in all cycles: sigma (sigma) vpc 、σ vpi Substantially equal to "stress threshold" sigma cc 、σ ci And the error is small; and sigma (sigma) vpd Sum sigma cd Not every cycle corresponds, σ when the cracks in the rock sample are not in developmental saturation vpd The corresponding stress value is equal to the crack propagation stress sigma f 1 After the sample is compressed into residual deformation stage, sigma vpd Equal to peak stress sigma f 2 。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: in order to solve the problem of effectively evaluating the evolution degree of damage in the brittle rock, the invention provides a method for evaluating the progressive damage degree of the brittle rock based on the combination of stress and acoustic wave change, which utilizes the characteristic that acoustic waves are more sensitive to the change of crack propagation, determines the evolution stage of the crack in the rock through acoustic wave inflection points, mainly adopts the traditional stress characteristic value division stage method, combines the acoustic wave characteristic value with the traditional stress characteristic value evaluation method for evaluating the progressive damage degree of the brittle rock, and jointly characterizes the progressive damage degree of the rock. Thereby greatly improving the confidence interval for evaluating the evolution degree of the damage in the brittle rock.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for characterizing progressive rock failure based on a combination of stress and acoustic changes in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a test procedure;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a conventional stress characteristic value evaluation method;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a method for evaluating a wave velocity characteristic value;
FIG. 5 is a graph of sound wave versus time versus stress, and illustrates a method of evaluating the "wave velocity versus stress characteristic value";
FIG. 6 is a graph of acoustic wave versus time versus stress for a cyclic loading and unloading process.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a method for characterizing progressive rock destruction based on stress and acoustic wave changes, which comprises the following steps: a method for representing progressive rock damage based on stress and acoustic wave change combination comprises a TH100 series acoustic wave parameter tester, a PC and a microcomputer controlled electrohydraulic servo rock triaxial shear rheological tester; the microcomputer controlled electrohydraulic servo rock triaxial shear rheological testing machine is connected with a PC.
The embodiment further comprises the following steps:
placing a rock sample on a testing machine, fixing, placing sonic pressure heads at two ends of the rock sample, and setting the number of excitation sonic signals and the acquisition frequency to be 30s;
step two, starting the testing machine and the sound wave acquisition system, adopting an equal plastic strain cyclic loading and unloading scheme, wherein the strain increment is delta epsilon p =0.1% until after the peak no longer softens, the test stops;
step three, outputting stress strain data and acoustic wave data, obtaining a stress strain curve, a total volume strain curve, an elastic volume strain curve and a fracture volume strain curve according to the data, and finding out a stress characteristic value according to the curves;
step four, correcting the sound wave data;
fifthly, drawing a wave speed-time curve, analyzing the change trend of the acoustic wave waveform in each cyclic loading process, and defining a wave speed characteristic value: v (V) pc 、V pi 、V pd ；
Step six, drawing a wave speed-time-stress curve, and defining a wave speed-stress characteristic value sigma vpi 、σ vpd Judging the damage degree of the rock mass by combining the wave velocity-stress characteristic value and the stress characteristic value;
in this embodiment, further, the third step specifically includes:
(1) In axial strain ε axial Is the transverse axis, the main stress difference (hereinafter referred to as stress) sigma 1 -σ 3 Establishing a stress-strain curve for the vertical axis;
(2) Under triaxial compression conditions, total volume strain is calculated by transverse strain and axial strain, and a total volume strain-axial strain curve is established by taking axial strain as a transverse axis and total volume strain as a longitudinal axis;
wherein; epsilon axial 、ε lateral Axial and transverse strain, respectively;
(3) The elastic modulus E and the Poisson's ratio v of the rock sample are calculated through the straight line segment of the stress-strain curve, the reference range of the straight line segment is approximately 20% -40%, and the elastic modulus E=delta sigma/delta epsilon axial I.e., the slope of the stress-strain curve; poisson's ratio v=Δε lateral /Δε axial ；
(4) The elastic volume strain ε is calculated by ve ：
(5) The fracture volume strain is obtained by subtracting the elastic volume strain from the total volume strain, i.e
ε vc ＝ε v -ε ve (3)
(6) And establishing an elastic volume strain-axial strain curve and a fracture volume strain-axial strain curve.
(7) The stress-strain curve of the brittle material can be divided into 5 partitions; the rock is broken by a process that cracks gradually sprout, develop and break, so that the crack initiation stress sigma can be respectively determined by a crack volume change curve and a volume strain curve ci And crack failure stress sigma cd The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The inflection point of the volume strain marks the beginning of the crack unstable propagation phase (IV), so the inflection point corresponds to sigma cd 。
In this embodiment, further, the step four specifically includes:
extracting the acoustic longitudinal wave head wave of each time node, and determining the head wave velocity according to the length of a test piece and the acoustic transmission time; assuming the length of the test piece, since the test piece is vertically deformed during the compression process, the length and wave velocity of the test piece at each moment need to be corrected:
L 1 ＝L 0 ×(1-ε t )；V P ＝V P ′×(1-ε t ) (4)
wherein: l (L) 0 L is the original length of the sample 1 Epsilon for the corrected sample length t For axial strain of the sample at a certain moment, V P ' is the original wave velocity of the sample, V P The wave velocity of the sample after correction;
in this embodiment, further, the fifth step specifically includes:
drawing an acoustic wave-time curve by taking time as a horizontal axis and an acoustic wave value as a vertical axis, and dividing the wave speed change process into three areas: a wave speed stable growth stage, a wave speed deceleration growth stage and a wave speed reduction stage; the first sound wave turning point with the slope gradually changing from sharp is V pc The second sound wave turning point from rapid slope to slow slope is V pi The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Finally the peak point of the sound wave is V pd The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the These three points are defined as wave velocity eigenvalues.
In this embodiment, further, the step six specifically includes:
(1) Substituting stress data into a wave speed-time curve, drawing a sound wave-time-stress curve, and defining the corresponding stress of the time point of the sound wave characteristic value in each cycle of the sample as a wave speed-stress characteristic value sigma vpc 、σ vpi 、σ vpd ；
(2) Comparing the wave velocity-stress characteristic value with the stress characteristic value, and combining the wave velocity-stress characteristic value with the stress characteristic value to judge the degree of rock damage;
in this embodiment, further, "wave velocity-stress characteristic value" and "stress characteristic value" in the cyclic loading and unloading process are recorded: the longitudinal wave of the rock has good corresponding relation with the change of stress; "wave speed-stress eigenvalue" in all cycles: sigma (sigma) vpc 、σ vpi Substantially equal to "stress threshold" sigma cc 、σ ci And the error is small; and sigma (sigma) vpd Sum sigma cd Not every cycle corresponds, σ when the cracks in the rock sample are not in developmental saturation vpd The corresponding stress value is equal to the crack propagation stress sigma f 1 After the sample is compressed into residual deformation stage, sigma vpd Equal to the peakValue stress sigma f 2 。
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A method for characterizing progressive rock failure based on stress and acoustic wave changes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the system comprises a TH100 series acoustic parameter tester, a PC, and a microcomputer controlled electrohydraulic servo rock triaxial shear rheological tester; the microcomputer controlled electrohydraulic servo rock triaxial shear rheological testing machine is connected with the PC;
the method comprises the following steps:
placing a rock sample on a testing machine, fixing, placing sonic pressure heads at two ends of the rock sample, and setting the number of excitation sonic signals and the acquisition frequency to be 30s;
step two, starting the testing machine and the sound wave acquisition system, adopting an equal plastic strain cyclic loading and unloading scheme, wherein the strain increment is delta epsilon p =0.1% until after the peak no longer softens, the test stops;
step three, outputting stress strain data and acoustic wave data, obtaining a stress strain curve, a total volume strain curve, an elastic volume strain curve and a fracture volume strain curve according to the data, and finding out a stress characteristic value according to the curves;
the third step is as follows:
(1) In axial strain ε axial The difference of principal stress and transverse axis, hereinafter referred to as stress, sigma 1 -σ 3 Establishing a stress-strain curve for the vertical axis;
(2) Under triaxial compression conditions, total volume strain is calculated by transverse strain and axial strain, and a total volume strain-axial strain curve is established by taking axial strain as a transverse axis and total volume strain as a longitudinal axis;
wherein; epsilon axial 、ε lateral Axial and transverse strain, respectively;
(3) The elastic modulus E and the Poisson's ratio v of the rock sample are calculated through the straight line segment of the stress-strain curve, the reference range of the straight line segment is 20% -40%, and the elastic modulus E=delta sigma/delta epsilon axial I.e., the slope of the stress-strain curve; poisson's ratio v=Δε lateral /Δε axial ；
(4) The elastic volume strain ε is calculated by ve ：
(5) The fracture volume strain is obtained by subtracting the elastic volume strain from the total volume strain, i.e
ε vc ＝ε v -ε ve (3)
(6) Establishing an elastic volume strain-axial strain curve and a fracture volume strain-axial strain curve;
(7) The stress-strain curve of the brittle material can be divided into 5 partitions; the rock is broken by a process that cracks gradually sprout, develop and break, so that the crack initiation stress sigma can be respectively determined by a crack volume change curve and a volume strain curve ci And crack failure stress sigma cd The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The inflection point of the volume strain marks the beginning of the crack unstable propagation phase (IV), so the inflection point corresponds to sigma cd ；
Step four, correcting the sound wave data;
the fourth step is specifically as follows: extracting the acoustic longitudinal wave head wave of each time node, and determining the head wave velocity according to the length of a test piece and the acoustic transmission time; assuming the length of the test piece, since the test piece is vertically deformed during the compression process, the length and wave velocity of the test piece at each moment need to be corrected:
L 1 ＝L 0 ×(1-ε t )；V P ＝V P ′×(1-ε t ) (4)
wherein: l (L) 0 L is the original length of the sample 1 Epsilon for the corrected sample length t For axial strain of the sample at a certain moment, V P ' is the original wave velocity of the sample, V P The wave velocity of the sample after correction;
fifthly, drawing a wave speed-time curve, analyzing the change trend of the acoustic wave waveform in each cyclic loading process, and defining a wave speed characteristic value: v (V) pc 、V pi 、V pd ；
The fifth step is specifically as follows:
drawing an acoustic wave-time curve by taking time as a horizontal axis and an acoustic wave value as a vertical axis, and dividing the wave speed change process into three areas: a wave speed stable growth stage, a wave speed deceleration growth stage and a wave speed reduction stage; the first sound wave turning point with the slope gradually changing from sharp is V pc The second sound wave turning point from rapid slope to slow slope is V pi The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Finally the peak point of the sound wave is V pd The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Defining the three points as wave speed characteristic values;
step six, drawing a wave speed-time-stress curve, and defining a wave speed-stress characteristic value sigma vpi 、σ vpd Judging the damage degree of the rock mass by combining the wave velocity-stress characteristic value and the stress characteristic value;
the sixth step is specifically as follows:
(1) Substituting stress data into a wave speed-time curve, drawing a sound wave-time-stress curve, and defining the corresponding stress of the time point of the sound wave characteristic value in each cycle of the sample as a wave speed-stress characteristic value sigma vpc 、σ vpi 、σ vpd ；
(2) Comparing the wave velocity-stress characteristic value with the stress characteristic value, and combining the wave velocity-stress characteristic value with the stress characteristic value to judge the degree of rock damage;
recording the wave speed-stress characteristic value and the stress characteristic value in the cyclic loading and unloading process: the longitudinal wave of the rock has good corresponding relation with the change of stress; "wave speed-stress eigenvalue" in all cycles: sigma (sigma) vpc 、σ vpi Substantially equal to "stress threshold" sigma cc 、σ ci And the error is small; and sigma (sigma) vpd Sum sigma cd Not every cycle corresponds, σ when the cracks in the rock sample are not in developmental saturation vpd The corresponding stress value is equal to the crack propagation stress sigma f 1 After the sample is compressed into residual deformation stage, sigma vpd Equal to peak stress sigma f 2 。
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