CN106918629A - A kind of rock behavio(u)r test system and its damage of rock evolution method of testing - Google Patents
A kind of rock behavio(u)r test system and its damage of rock evolution method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN106918629A CN106918629A CN201710122196.5A CN201710122196A CN106918629A CN 106918629 A CN106918629 A CN 106918629A CN 201710122196 A CN201710122196 A CN 201710122196A CN 106918629 A CN106918629 A CN 106918629A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rock behavio(u)r test system, including rock Microscopic optical testing machine, fully saturated sample is placed with the rock Microscopic optical testing machine, the fully saturated specimen surface is provided with Acoustic Emission Testing System and resistivity test system.Wherein damage of rock evolution method of testing is concretely comprised the following steps：1st, it is rock Microscopic optical testing machine is in parallel with Acoustic Emission Testing System and resistivity test system；2nd, rock behavio(u)r test system is assembled；3rd, the correlation of ripple electric pulse field parameter of the uniaxial compression test observation rock under loaded condition and strain is carried out；4th, quantitative description rock each load phase under the conditions of load-bearing is apparent and internal injury；5th, each stage in uniaxial compression damage development damage of rock evolutionary process is described using different damage variables.The present invention is capable of achieving the whole process observation to the inside and outside portion's lesion ruptures overall process of rock, overcomes limitation of the traditional experiment machine to specimen shape.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock mass mechanics and geology technical field, more particularly to a kind of rock behavio(u)r test system and its rock
Stone damage development method of testing.
Background technology
Engineering rock interior often contains substantial amounts of slight crack and Micro-v oid, meanwhile, loss ruptured during rock load-bearing
The process that journey is often microscopic damage expansion, develops, macroscopically shows the stage of load-deformation curve.Rock type solid material
Expect that the research and development of damage development mechanism is extremely slow, one is a lack of reliable microscopic damage quantization method, and two is rock type material
Expect the complexity of internal structure and the discreteness of macromechanics behavior.
The development of rock Microscopic optical testing machine has effectively facilitated the quantitative research of microscopic damage, by rock in load-bearing
During apparent damage development quantitative description, inquired into the relation of apparent amount of damage and macro-mechanical characters, but such side
Method is only capable of observing the damage development process of rock surface, it is impossible to reflect internal rupture mechanism.Meanwhile, with the hair of rock-like materials
Exhibition, application of the transparent class brittle rock high in damage development is more and more extensive, and traditional rock optical test machine is to saturating
The geometry requirement of bright rock material is higher, i.e., sample should not make normal triaxial cylindrical sample, because cylindrical transparent
Sample is unfavorable for that focal length camera is taken pictures observation.Even the introducing of CT technologies, because its research expenditure is higher, applicability is also subject to
Limitation.
Rock wave testing is mainly by ultrasonic wave measurement technique and analyzes rock based on Rock Velocity and attenuation coefficient
The physico-mechanical properties and architectural feature of stone, the mechanics that existing achievement in research is concentrated mainly on to rock under not stand under load environment are surveyed
Examination, it is considerably less for research of the rock under status under loading (particularly additional stress, such as water pressure, temperature stress), due to
External load (additional stress) has been further exacerbated by the lesion ruptures of rock, hence sets up the amount of acoustic emission parameters and strain correlation
Change model be particularly important, this also with wave testing study of rocks damage development basis.
Resistivity is one of the important parameter for characterizing electric conduction of rock performance, rock during lesion ruptures, inside it
Emergence and Development, the insertion in hole crack etc. can all cause conduction property to change, and then we can be by rock resistivity
The anti-change for pushing away its mechanical property of change.Resistivity measurement achievement in research is less under same status under loading, and resistivity measurement
The sonic method defect insensitive to rock rupture moment can be made up, periodicity saturated rock, Frozen-thawed cycled rock is particularly well-suited to
The research of stone damage development.
It is described on end, it is different in rock loading rupture process according to apparent amount of damage, sound emission and electrical resistivity property etc.
Response pattern, difference and complementarity based on the inside and outside portion's fracture damage mechanism of rock sample, introduce complex damage variable concept, structure
Build the damage of rock evolution method of testing based on optics-sound emission-electrical resistivity property coupling extremely important.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：For problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of being capable of achieving to the inside and outside portion's damage of rock
The whole observation of wound rupture overall process, overcomes limitation of the traditional experiment machine to specimen shape, and reduction research expenditure is improved simultaneously can
The rock behavio(u)r test system and its damage of rock evolution method of testing of reliability.
Technical scheme：In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of rock behavio(u)r test system, including by rock
The rock Microscopic optical testing machine that servo test system, microscope, camera and image processing system are constituted, the microcosmic light of rock
Learn and be placed with fully saturated sample on testing machine, the rock servo test system is connected by loading pressing plate with fully saturated sample
Connect, the fully saturated specimen surface is provided with Acoustic Emission Testing System and resistivity test system, the acoustic emission test system
System includes acoustic emission sensor and acoustic emission information acquisition system, and the resistivity test system includes resistivity sensor and electricity
Resistance rate acquisition system.
Further, it is provided with insulating materials between the fully saturated sample and loading pressing plate.
Further, the acoustic emission information acquisition system is high speed sensitiveness real time data with resistivity acquisition system
Acquisition system.
Further, the acoustic emission sensor is water-proof sensor with resistivity sensor.
Further, the acoustic emission sensor is bonded by medical sonic bonds agent and fully saturated sample.
A kind of damage of rock evolution method of testing of utilization rock behavio(u)r test system as described above, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps：
Step one：On existing rock Microscopic optical testing machine with Acoustic Emission Testing System and resistivity test system simultaneously
Connection is built into rock Microscopic optical-sound emission-electrical resistivity property coupling testing system；
Step 2：Fully saturated sample is prepared, is placed on rock Microscopic optical testing machine after water of fully being satisfied using boiling method,
Then Acoustic Emission Testing System, resistivity test system are laid and forms rock behavio(u)r test system, it is logical finally by test is demarcated
Start uniaxial compression test after road is normal；
Step 3：Uniaxial compression test is carried out by the rock behavio(u)r test system in step 2 and observes rock by carrier strip
Ripple electric pulse field parameter and the correlation for straining under part；
Step 4：Set up respectively by damage mechanics theory first based on apparent injury tolerance, sound emission accumulation Ring-down count
And the damage of rock variable of resistivity and the relation for straining, then quantitative description rock each load phase under the conditions of load-bearing is apparent
And internal injury；
Step 5：Damage of rock variable based on performance injury tolerance, sound emission accumulation Ring-down count and resistivity is at each
The otherness of failure stage and complementarity, by introducing complex damage variable concept, in each rank of uniaxial compression damage development
Duan Caiyong different damage variables describes damage of rock evolutionary process.
Further, the fully saturated sample in the step 2 is the cylindrical type of diameter 500mm height 100mm, sample
Equating treatment should be carried out to sample upper and lower surface using polishing machine in preparation process, using electronic digit slide measure to sample
Dimensional attributes carry out accurate measurement.
Further, needed to carry out sample three loadings-unload in the step 2 before fully saturated sample is prepared
Lotus behavior, loading scope is 0~3.5Mpa.
Further, ripple electric pulse field parameter of the rock under loaded condition and the correlation of strain are observed in the step 3
Concretely comprise the following steps：Record first it is axially loaded in the case of curves of stress-strain relationship, then statistics performance crack growth feelings
Condition, introduces performance rhegma degree, obtains showing injury tolerance-strain curve, then by surveying the Ring-down count of each load phase,
Sound emission accumulation Ring-down count-strain curve is drawn, the resistance at each moment is recorded finally according to resistivity test system
Rate value finally draws resistivity-strain curve；
Further, the damage of rock of injury tolerance, sound emission accumulation Ring-down count and resistivity is showed in the step 5
The description form of variable is specially：
The damage of rock variables D of apparent injury tolerancebDescription form isWherein：L is apparent
The minimum spacing of fissure-plane, the volume of V rock units, N is that rock sample external crack counts sum, aiIt is i-th area in crack,
niIt is i-th normal direction vector in crack；
The damaging parameter D of sound emission accumulation Ring-down countsDescription form is Ds=(1- σr/σp)(Ci/Cu), wherein：σrFor
Residual strength, σpIt is peak strength, CiIt is the accumulation Ring-down count of any time in damage of rock evolutionary process, CuFor rock reaches
To accumulation Ring-down count during damage critical intensity；
The damage of rock variables D of resistivitydDescription form is Dd=(1- σr/σp)[(n0-ni)/(n0-nu)], wherein：σrFor
Residual strength, σpIt is peak strength, n0It is the porosity of rock sample original state, niFor rock is appointed during damage development
The porosity at meaning moment, nuIt is porosity of the rock test in destruction.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
1st, simple and reliable, high financial profit of the invention.Overcome traditional optical testing machine several to transparent rock material sample
The limitation of what shape, research expenditure is less than CT technologies.
2nd, the whole observation of the inside and outside portion's lesion ruptures process of rock is tested, other test methods is overcome and is only studied interior
The limitation that portion is damaged or surface damage ruptures, is a kind of inside and outside portion's coupling test method.
3rd, the present invention compensate for the one-sided defect not enough to rock rupture moment sensitiveness of wave testing, according to apparent damage
The different response pattern in rock loading rupture process such as wound amount, sound emission and electrical resistivity property is broken based on the inside and outside portion of rock sample
Difference and the complementarity of damage mechanisms are split, complex damage variable concept is introduced, the microscopic damage test side of three factors coupling is built
Method, it is with a high credibility.
4th, the present invention can be used for the inside and outside portion's lesion ruptures mechanism of engineering rock and Evolution comprehensive study, can be underground
The field such as engineering, slope project and water diversion tunnel project rock damage and failure mechanism and the research of engineering long-term stability provide reliable
Method support.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention；
Fig. 2 is overview flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, the present invention is furture elucidated.
As shown in Fig. 2 damage of rock evolution method of testing of the present invention is carried out as follows successively：
(1) rock Microscopic optical-sound emission-electrical resistivity property coupling testing system is built, in the experiment of existing Microscopic optical
On the basis of machine, PCI-8 Acoustic Emission of Rock test system in parallel and V8 rock resistivity test systems, the Acoustic Emission Testing System
With resistivity test system, high speed sensitiveness real-time data acquisition system is, the sound emission ginseng of rock rupture moment can be measured
The situations of change such as number, resistivity, the working frequency of Acoustic Emission Testing System is about 22kHz~220kHz, resistivity test system
Working frequency be about 1.0kHz~2.4MHz.
(2) interior drills through 100mm high, diameter 50mm granite core samples, and sample two ends use polishing machine on sample
Lower surface carries out equating treatment, and accurate measurement is carried out to specimen size dimension using electronic digit slide measure.By physical force
Learn experiment and understand that the sample density is 2732kg/m3, Young's modulus is 56.63GPa, and Poisson's ratio is 0.21, and tensile strength is
10.59MPa, compression strength is 160.27MPa；The specimen length is 9.97mm, a diameter of 54.74mm.
(3) it is to ensure that the artificial sample that drills through has similar mechanical behavior to engineering rock mass in situ, three is carried out to the sample
Secondary loading-off-load behavior, loading scope is 0~3.5MPa.It is certain that above-mentioned loading-off-load behavior can ensure that sample inside produces
Hole and crack, a certain amount of micro-crack of rock sample Surface Creation, its engineering mechanics behavior will be similar to that engineering rock mass in situ.
(4) the water as shown in figure 1, sample that will be prepared boiling method is fully satisfied, obtains fully saturated rock sample 2, will be complete
Saturation rock sample 2 is placed on rock Microscopic optical testing machine, 6~8 acoustic emission sensors 3 is attached into specimen surface, using sample
Surface micro drilling techniques lay 4 row's resistivity sensors 4 of orthogonal thereto distribution, after the data of all TCH test channels of demarcation are normal, open
Beginning uniaxial compression test.The acoustic emission sensor 3 is to be bonded in specimen surface using medical sonic bonds agent, is used to exclude
Air between probe and tested sample, enables sound wave effectively to penetrate the purpose that tested sample reaches effectively monitoring；The sound
Emission sensor 3 is water-proof sensor with resistivity sensor 4；Insulation material is preset between the rock sample 2 and loading pressing plate 1
Material, such as ambroin, prevent electric current from influenceing test effect by loading pressing plate 1.
(5) uniaxial compression test uses axial displacement Loading Control, and loading speed control is in 0.006mm/min, rock electricity
Liquid servo test system can record automatically it is axially loaded in the case of curves of stress-strain relationship；Rock Microscopic optical test system
System passes through the rock surface automatic cameras of long range microscope 5 and the different load phases of 6 pairs, CCD focal length camera, by digitized map
As treatment technology counts the specimen surface effective crack length L under each strained conditioncr(ε) has with the surface under ultimate load
Effect crack lengthIntroduce apparent injury toleranceObtain apparent injury tolerance-strain curve；Sound
Transmitting test system can each load phase sample of real time record the characteristic parameter such as Ring-down count, internal event, amplitude, for painting
Sound emission accumulation Ring-down count-strain curve processed；Resistivity test system can be according to sample both sides potential difference and by examination
Magnitude of current of sample etc., records the resistivity value at each moment, and then obtains resistivity-strain curve.
(6) with load-deformation curve analogy, uniaxial compression each stage apparent injury tolerance, Ring-down count and resistivity correspondence
The responsiveness of change is different, sets up the rock based on apparent injury tolerance, Ring-down count and resistivity respectively by damage mechanics theory
Stone damage variable and the relation for straining, achievable rock each load phase under the conditions of load-bearing is apparent and internal injury quantifying is retouched
State.
(7) the damage of rock variables D based on apparent injury tolerancebDescription form isWherein：l
It is the minimum spacing of apparent fissure-plane, the volume of V rock units, N is that rock sample external crack counts sum, aiIt is i-th crack
Area, niIt is i-th normal direction vector in crack；Damaging parameter D based on sound emission accumulation Ring-down countsDescription form
It is Ds=(1- σr/σp)(Ci/Cu), wherein：σrIt is residual strength, σpIt is peak strength, CiFor any in damage of rock evolutionary process
The accumulation Ring-down count at moment, CuIt is accumulation Ring-down count when rock reaches damages critical intensity；Rock based on resistivity
Damaging parameter DdDescription form is Dd=(1- σr/σp)[(n0-ni)/(n0-nu)], wherein：σrIt is residual strength, σpFor peak value is strong
Degree, n0It is the porosity of rock sample original state, niIt is the porosity of rock any time during damage development, nuFor
Porosity of the rock test in destruction.
(8) change of the damage of rock variable based on apparent injury tolerance, Ring-down count and resistivity in each failure stage
It is not quite similar, shows obvious otherness, but obvious complementarity is also shown between three, is become by introducing complex damage
Amount concept, is described in each stage of uniaxial compression damage development using different damage variables, can more accurate table
Levy damage of rock evolutionary process.
The damage of rock evolution method of testing is suitable for grinding that periodicity saturated rock, Frozen-thawed cycled damage of rock develop
Study carefully；The rock material can be the rock sample in situ such as granite, sandstone, or with transparent resin material, cement mortar et al.
The rock-like materials that work is prepared；The rock size and geometry can according to testing program demand be processed as cylindrical sample,
Cuboid sample and prism sample etc.；When rock sample is for artificial preparation sample, can be to sample prefabricated crack, based on this hair
Bright described research method carries out the research in terms of prefabricated crack rock-like materials damage development.
Embodiments of the invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention.It is all in principle of the invention
Within, the equivalent made should be included within the scope of the present invention.The content category that the present invention is not elaborated
In prior art known to this professional domain technical staff.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rock behavio(u)r test system, including by rock servo test system, microscope, camera and image processing system structure
Into rock Microscopic optical testing machine, it is characterised in that：Fully saturated sample is placed with the rock Microscopic optical testing machine,
The rock servo test system is connected by loading pressing plate with fully saturated sample, and the fully saturated specimen surface is provided with
Acoustic Emission Testing System and resistivity test system, the Acoustic Emission Testing System include acoustic emission sensor and acoustic emission information
Acquisition system, the resistivity test system includes resistivity sensor and resistivity acquisition system.
2. a kind of rock behavio(u)r test system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fully saturated sample with plus
Insulating materials is provided between load pressing plate.
3. a kind of rock behavio(u)r test system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The acoustic emission information collection system
System is high speed sensitiveness real-time data acquisition system with resistivity acquisition system.
4. a kind of rock behavio(u)r test system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The acoustic emission sensor and electricity
Resistance rate sensor is water-proof sensor.
5. a kind of rock behavio(u)r test system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The acoustic emission sensor passes through
Medical sonic bonds agent is bonded with fully saturated sample.
6. the damage of rock evolution method of testing of a kind of utilization rock behavio(u)r test system as described in one of claim 1-5,
It is characterised in that it includes following steps：
Step one：The structure in parallel with Acoustic Emission Testing System and resistivity test system on existing rock Microscopic optical testing machine
Build up rock Microscopic optical-sound emission-electrical resistivity property coupling testing system；
Step 2：Fully saturated sample is prepared, is placed on rock Microscopic optical testing machine after water of fully being satisfied using boiling method, then
Lay Acoustic Emission Testing System, resistivity test system and form rock behavio(u)r test system, finally by demarcation TCH test channel just
Start uniaxial compression test after often；
Step 3：By the rock behavio(u)r test system in step 2 carry out uniaxial compression test observe rock under loaded condition
Ripple electric pulse field parameter and strain correlation；
Step 4：Set up respectively by damage mechanics theory first based on apparent injury tolerance, sound emission accumulation Ring-down count and electricity
The damage of rock variable of resistance rate and the relation for straining, then quantitative description rock each load phase under the conditions of load-bearing is apparent and interior
Portion is damaged；
Step 5：Damage of rock variable based on performance injury tolerance, sound emission accumulation Ring-down count and resistivity is destroyed at each
The otherness in stage and complementarity, by introducing complex damage variable concept, adopt in each stage of uniaxial compression damage development
Damage of rock evolutionary process is described with different damage variables.
7. a kind of damage of rock evolution method of testing according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is complete in the step 2
Full saturated sample is the cylindrical type of diameter 500mm height 100mm, should be upper and lower to sample using polishing machine in sample preparation
Surface carries out equating treatment, and accurate measurement is carried out to specimen size dimension using electronic digit slide measure.
8. a kind of damage of rock evolution method of testing according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：In system in the step 2
Need to carry out sample three loadings-off-load behavior before standby fully saturated sample, loading scope is 0~3.5Mpa.
9. a kind of damage of rock evolution method of testing according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Observed in the step 3
Ripple electric pulse field parameter of the rock under loaded condition is concretely comprised the following steps with the correlation of strain：Record first it is axially loaded in the case of
Curves of stress-strain relationship, then statistics performance crack growth situation, introduce performance rhegma degree, obtain performance injury tolerance-should
Become relation curve, then by surveying the Ring-down count of each load phase, draw sound emission accumulation Ring-down count-strain stress relation bent
Line, the resistivity value for recording each moment finally according to resistivity test system finally draws resistivity-strain curve.
10. a kind of damage of rock evolution method of testing according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Table in the step 5
The description form of the damage of rock variable of existing injury tolerance, sound emission accumulation Ring-down count and resistivity is specially：
The damage of rock variables D of apparent injury tolerancebDescription form isWherein：L is apparent crack
The minimum spacing in face, the volume of V rock units, N is that rock sample external crack counts sum, aiIt is i-th area in crack, niFor
I-th normal direction vector in crack；
The damaging parameter D of sound emission accumulation Ring-down countsDescription form is Ds=(1- σr/σp)(Ci/Cu), wherein：σrFor remnants are strong
Degree, σpIt is peak strength, CiIt is the accumulation Ring-down count of any time in damage of rock evolutionary process, CuFor rock reaches damage
Accumulation Ring-down count during critical intensity；
The damage of rock variables D of resistivitydDescription form is Dd=(1- σr/σp)[(n0-ni)/(n0-nu)], wherein：σrIt is remnants
Intensity, σpIt is peak strength, n0It is the porosity of rock sample original state, niIt is rock when any during damage development
The porosity at quarter, nuIt is porosity of the rock test in destruction.
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