CN109738490B - Method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of loaded rock by using multichannel resistivity - Google Patents
Method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of loaded rock by using multichannel resistivity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of loaded rocks by using multichannel resistivity, which comprises the following steps: s1: sticking an electrode plate and a strain gauge on the rock test block; s2: carrying out vacuum water soaking treatment; s3: welding a lead; s4: surface water sealing treatment; s5: connecting a paperless recorder; s6: placing the rock test block on a press; s7: recording the initial value displayed by the paperless recorder at the moment; s8: starting the press to start a test; s9: recording the numerical value displayed by the paperless recorder in real time until the rock test block is crushed; s10: processing the data to obtain a data curve; s11: and analyzing the internal damage and crack propagation conditions of the rock according to the three resistivity-strain curves and the stress-strain relation curve. According to the invention, the internal damage and crack propagation conditions of the test block under load can be analyzed according to the changes of three resistivity-strain curves and one stress-strain relation curve obtained by tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rock engineering, and relates to a real-time measurement method for resistivity of loaded rocks, in particular to a method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of the loaded rocks by using multichannel resistivity.
Background
The rock resistivity is a basic parameter of the conductivity of the rock and is a physical quantity reflecting the internal structure and composition of the rock. The method is closely related to the density, porosity, water content and crack occurrence conditions of the rock, when the rock is pressed, internal cracks can develop gradually, and the gap is filled with water in the rock, so that the way of current flowing through the rock is changed, and the resistivity of the rock is changed. Therefore, the expansion condition of the micro-cracks in the rock can be effectively reflected through the real-time change of the resistivity of the rock, the stress state in the rock can be judged, and the method has an important effect on researching the development condition of the micro-cracks before the rock is damaged and rock damage symptoms.
At present, when the resistivity of rocks is measured by many people, the voltage and current values are measured by adopting a graded loading single channel, the real-time change of the resistivity along with stress strain cannot be reflected, and the internal damage and fracture expansion conditions of the rocks cannot be reflected. Because the crack expansion directions in the rock are different, the resistivity changes obtained on different measuring surfaces are different, and therefore the expansion information of the crack in the rock can not be obtained by measuring the resistivity change in a single channel.
The existing resistivity measuring methods mainly comprise a dipolar method and a quadrupole method. The two-pole method is to arrange electrodes symmetrically on two end faces of a rock test block, directly measure the ohmic resistance of the rock test block and then obtain the resistivity, but the existence of contact resistance causes large errors of data obtained by the test. At present, a quadrupole method is mostly used, and when the resistivity of rocks is measured by a plurality of people, an electrode is directly inserted into a drill hole, but the stress concentration of a test block at the drill hole in the compression process can be caused, and the electrode is damaged by extrusion in the test process, so that the test failure is caused.
The traditional wax sealing method has poor effect of sealing the surface of a water-containing rock test block, and the sealing wax is easy to fall off in the whole piece in the test process, so that the water evaporation on the surface of the rock is caused to change the resistivity, thereby influencing the measured test result.
Disclosure of Invention
In light of the above-mentioned technical problems, a method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of a loaded rock by using multi-channel resistivity is provided. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of a loaded rock by utilizing multichannel resistivity, wherein a paperless recorder, a static strain gauge, a transformer and a rock test block are used in the method, the rock test block is in a cuboid shape, the paperless recorder comprises a plurality of voltage channels and a current channel, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively attaching a group of measuring electrode copper sheet groups to three side surfaces of the rock test block, attaching a strain gauge matched with the static strain measuring instrument to the remaining one side surface, and respectively attaching power supply electrode copper sheets to the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock test block, wherein the upper surface of the rock test block is S; the group of electrode copper sheet groups comprise two measuring electrode copper sheets, the two measuring electrode copper sheets are respectively attached to the upper part and the lower part of the side surface of the rock test block, and the distance between the two measuring electrode copper sheets is L;
s2: soaking the rock test block obtained in the step S1 in water under vacuum condition;
s3: respectively welding conducting wires on the measuring electrode copper sheet and the power supply electrode copper sheet;
s4: carrying out surface water sealing treatment on the rock test block;
s5: two ports of a voltage channel of the paperless recorder are respectively connected with leads arranged on measuring electrode copper sheets on the upper part and the lower part of the side surface of the rock test block; one port of the two ports of the current channel is connected with one port of the transformer, the other port of the transformer is connected with a lead on a power supply electrode copper sheet attached to the lower surface of the rock test block, and the other port of the current channel is connected with a lead on a power supply electrode copper sheet attached to the upper surface of the rock test block;
s6: placing the rock test block on a press machine, and padding thin insulating plates between the upper surface of the rock test block and an upper pressing plate of the press machine and between the lower surface of the rock test block and a lower pressing plate of the press machine;
s7: recording three initial voltage values U displayed by the paperless recorder at the momentFirst stageAnd an initial current value IFirst stage(ii) a Calculating initial resistivities of three sides of the rock test block when the rock test block is not subjected to uniaxial compression by the press
S8: starting the press machine to start the test, and recording the time of the paperless recorder at the moment;
s9: recording the voltage value U of each voltage channel and the current value I of each current channel displayed by the paperless recorder in real time; the press machine records the pressure F applied to the rock test block in real time, and records the stress sigma of the rock test block in real time, wherein sigma is F/S; recording the strain value displayed by the static strain measuring instrument in real time until the rock test block is crushed, and stopping the test;
s10: data processing: calculating the real-time resistivity rho of the rock test block with a measuring electrode copper sheet group when the rock test block is compressed by the single shaft of the press machine according to the voltage value and the current value recorded by the paperless recorder in real time,
converting the resistivity rho into a resistivity ratio, wherein the resistivity ratio is rho/rhoFirst stageAnd taking the electrical resistivity ratio, the strain recorded in real time and the stress recorded in real time as a horizontal axis to obtain three electrical resistivity-strain curves and one stress-strain relation curve. (ii) a
S11: and analyzing the internal damage and crack propagation conditions of the rock according to the three resistivity-strain curves and the stress-strain relation curve.
In the step S1, the measuring electrode copper sheet and the power supply electrode copper sheet are both adhered to the rock test block by graphite conductive adhesive, and the surface area of the power supply electrode copper sheet is matched with the area of the upper surface of the rock test block.
In step S2, the power supply electrode copper sheets and the measurement electrode copper sheets to be adhered to the rock test block are placed in a vacuum chamber for about 4 hours of soaking in clear water after being cured.
In the step S4, the epoxy resin is uniformly coated on the surface of the rock test block by using a brush to perform water sealing treatment on the surface of the rock test block, and the rock test block after water sealing treatment is placed in a ventilated place for about 12 hours to be cured.
And the transformer converts the voltage of the circuit where the power supply electrode copper sheet is positioned into 24V alternating voltage.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the real-time measurement of the resistivity of the rock test block is realized, the error of artificially recorded data is eliminated, and the expansion condition of the crack in the rock along with the change of stress and strain is analyzed according to the change relation of the resistivity, the strain and the stress.
2. The power supply electrode copper sheet and the measuring electrode copper sheet are both attached to the surface of the test block by graphite conductive adhesive, so that the influence of drilling on the test block is avoided while the contact resistance is reduced.
3. And arranging measuring electrode copper sheets on three surfaces of the rock test block, finishing data to obtain three resistivity-strain change curves, and analyzing the relation between the main fracture direction of the test block damage and different changes of the three surface resistivity.
4. The water sealing material is not easy to fall off after the water sealing treatment on the surface of the rock test block, and the evaporation of the water on the surface of the test block is effectively prevented.
Based on the reasons, the method can be widely popularized in the fields of rock resistivity measurement and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of a loaded rock by using multi-channel resistivity according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rock test block structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of a rock test block to a paperless recorder in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of resistivity-strain-stress variation curves in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of a loaded rock by using multichannel resistivity, in which a paperless recorder 1, a transformer 2, a static strain tester and a rock test block 3 are used, the rock test block 3 is a cuboid, the paperless recorder 1 comprises a plurality of voltage channels 11 and a current channel 12, the static strain tester is a TST3822E static strain gauge, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively attaching a group of measuring electrode copper sheet groups to three side surfaces of the rock test block 3, attaching a strain gauge 34 (two strain gauges 34 are provided in the embodiment, one strain gauge is horizontally arranged, and one strain gauge is vertically arranged) matched with the static strain tester to the remaining side surface, and respectively attaching power supply electrode copper sheets 31 to the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock test block 3, wherein the upper surface of the rock test block is S; the group of electrode copper sheet sets comprises two measuring electrode copper sheets 32, the two measuring electrode copper sheets 32 are respectively attached to the upper part and the lower part of the side surface of the rock test block 3, and the distance between the two measuring electrode copper sheets 32 is L;
s2: performing water soaking treatment on the rock test block 3 obtained in the step S1 under a vacuum condition;
s3: welding wires 33 on the measuring electrode copper sheet 32 and the power supply electrode copper sheet 31 respectively;
s4: carrying out surface water sealing treatment on the rock test block 3;
s5: two ports of a voltage channel 11 of the paperless recorder 1 are respectively connected with conducting wires 33 arranged on measuring electrode copper sheets 32 on the upper part and the lower part of the surface of the rock test block side 3; one of the two ports of the current channel 12 is connected with one port of the transformer 2, the other port of the transformer 2 is connected with a lead 33 attached to a power supply electrode copper sheet 31 on the lower surface of the rock test block 3, and the other port of the current channel 12 is connected with a lead 33 attached to a power supply electrode copper sheet 31 on the upper surface of the rock test block 3;
s6: the rock test block 3 is placed on a press machine 4, thin insulating plates 5 are respectively arranged between the upper surface of the rock test block 3 and an upper pressing plate 41 of the press machine 4 and between the lower surface of the rock test block 3 and a lower pressing plate 42 of the press machine 4 in a cushioning mode, and therefore the power supply electrode copper sheets 31 are prevented from forming a loop with the press machine 4.
S7: recording three initial voltage values U displayed by the paperless recorder 1 at the momentFirst stageAnd an initial current value IFirst stage(ii) a Calculating the initial resistivity of three sides of the rock test block 3 when not compressed by the press uniaxial
S8: starting the press machine 4 to start the test, and recording the time of the paperless recorder 1 at the moment;
s9: recording the voltage value U of each voltage channel and the current value I of each current channel displayed by the paperless recorder 1 in real time, recording the pressure F applied to the rock test block by the press machine 4 in real time, and recording the stress sigma of the rock test block 3 in real time, wherein the sigma is F/S; recording the strain value displayed by the static strain measuring instrument in real time until the rock test block 3 is crushed, and stopping the test;
s10: data processing: according to the voltage value and the current value recorded by the paperless recorder 1 in real time, calculating the real-time resistivity rho of the rock test block 3 with a measuring electrode copper sheet group when the rock test block 3 is compressed by the single shaft of the press machine 4,
converting the resistivity rho into a resistivity ratio, wherein the resistivity ratio is rho/rhoFirst stageAnd taking the strain as a horizontal axis to obtain three resistivity-strain curves and one stress-strain relation curve by using the real-time resistivity ratio, the real-time recorded strain and the real-time recorded stress. (ii) a
S11: and analyzing the internal damage and crack propagation conditions of the rock according to the three resistivity-strain curves and the stress-strain relation curve.
In the step S1, the measuring electrode copper sheet 32 and the power supply electrode copper sheet 31 are both adhered to the rock test block 3 by graphite conductive adhesive, and the surface area of the power supply electrode copper sheet 31 matches the area of the upper surface of the rock test block 3. The rock test block 3 is a sandstone test block with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 200 mm; the measuring electrode copper sheets 32 are copper sheet electrode sheets (total 6 sheets) with the length of 20mm and the width of 5mm, the power supply electrode copper sheets 31 are copper sheet electrodes (total two sheets) with the length of 100mm and the width of 100mm, and the vertical distance between the two measuring electrode copper sheets 32 in the same group is 160 mm.
In the step S2, the power supply electrode copper sheets 31 and the measurement electrode copper sheets 32 to be attached to the rock test block 3 are placed in a vacuum chamber for about 4 hours after being completely solidified after being ventilated for 6 hours. So that the inner pores of the rock test block 3 are fully hydrated.
In the step S4, the surface of the rock test block 3 is subjected to water sealing treatment by uniformly applying epoxy resin on the surface of the rock test block 3 with a brush, and the rock test block 3 subjected to water sealing treatment is left in a ventilated place for about 12 hours and then cured. The water sealing material is not easy to fall off after the water sealing treatment is carried out on the surface of the rock test block 3, and the evaporation of the water on the surface of the test block is effectively prevented.
The transformer 2 converts the voltage of the circuit where the power supply electrode copper sheet is located into 24V alternating voltage.
According to the attached figure 4, it can be analyzed that, because the porosity of sandstone is relatively large, after loading is started, along with the increase of strain and stress, the resistivity is reduced compared with an initial value, after the test block is stressed, the internal pores are further compacted, and the resistance of the whole test block is reduced due to the action of water, that is, the resistivity is reduced; with the continuous increase of the pressure, the cracks in the rock gradually develop, and the micro cracks are communicated, so that the cracks are filled with internal water, and the resistivity is reduced more obviously; when the rock test block reaches the destruction stage, the micro cracks gradually form large cracks, so that the passage of current in the rock is greatly changed, and the whole cracks cannot be filled with water in the test block. At the moment, the resistivity of the test block is mainly dominated by a main control fracture surface, and the contribution of the micro fracture is very small, so that the resistivity is obviously increased; therefore, the internal damage and crack propagation conditions of the loaded rock can be reflected by using the multi-channel resistivity, and the development trend of the main damage crack of the rock can be analyzed according to the difference of the resistivity changes of the three side surfaces.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of a loaded rock by using multichannel resistivity, wherein a paperless recorder, a static strain gauge, a transformer and a rock test block are used in the method, the rock test block is in a cuboid shape, the paperless recorder comprises a plurality of voltage channels and a current channel, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: respectively attaching a group of measuring electrode copper sheet groups to three side surfaces of the rock test block, attaching a strain gauge matched with the static strain measuring instrument to the remaining one side surface, and respectively attaching power supply electrode copper sheets to the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock test block, wherein the area of the upper surface of the rock test block is S; the group of measuring electrode copper sheet groups comprise two measuring electrode copper sheets, the two measuring electrode copper sheets are respectively attached to the upper part and the lower part of the side surface of the rock test block, and the distance between the two measuring electrode copper sheets is L;
s2: soaking the rock test block obtained in the step S1 in water under vacuum condition;
s3: respectively welding conducting wires on the measuring electrode copper sheet and the power supply electrode copper sheet;
s4: carrying out surface water sealing treatment on the rock test block;
s5: two ports of a voltage channel of the paperless recorder are respectively connected with leads arranged on measuring electrode copper sheets on the upper part and the lower part of the side surface of the rock test block; one port of the two ports of the current channel is connected with one port of the transformer, the other port of the transformer is connected with a lead on a power supply electrode copper sheet attached to the lower surface of the rock test block, and the other port of the current channel is connected with a lead on a power supply electrode copper sheet attached to the upper surface of the rock test block;
s6: placing the rock test block on a press machine, and padding thin insulating plates between the upper surface of the rock test block and an upper pressing plate of the press machine and between the lower surface of the rock test block and a lower pressing plate of the press machine;
s7: recording three initial voltage values U displayed by the paperless recorder at the momentFirst stageAnd an initial current value IFirst stage(ii) a Calculating initial resistivities of three sides of the rock test block when the rock test block is not subjected to uniaxial compression by the press
S8: starting the press machine to start the test, and recording the time of the paperless recorder at the moment;
s9: recording the voltage value U of each voltage channel and the current value I of each current channel displayed by the paperless recorder in real time; the press machine records the pressure F applied to the rock test block in real time, and records the stress sigma of the rock test block in real time, wherein sigma is F/S; recording the strain value displayed by the static strain measuring instrument in real time until the rock test block is crushed, and stopping the test;
s10: data processing: calculating the real-time resistivity rho of the rock test block with a measuring electrode copper sheet group when the rock test block is compressed by the single shaft of the press machine according to the voltage value and the current value recorded by the paperless recorder in real time,
converting the resistivity rho into a resistivity ratio, wherein the resistivity ratio is rho/rhoFirst stageTaking the electrical resistivity ratio, the strain recorded in real time and the stress recorded in real time as a horizontal axis, and obtaining three electrical resistivity-strain curves and one stress-strain relation curve;
s11: and analyzing the internal damage and crack propagation conditions of the rock according to the three resistivity-strain curves and the stress-strain relation curve.
2. The method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of the loaded rock by using the multi-channel resistivity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the measuring electrode copper sheet and the power supply electrode copper sheet are both adhered to the rock test block by graphite conductive adhesive, and the surface area of the power supply electrode copper sheet is matched with the area of the upper surface of the rock test block.
3. The method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of the loaded rock by using the multi-channel resistivity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, the power supply electrode copper sheets and the measurement electrode copper sheets to be adhered to the rock test block are placed in a vacuum chamber for about 4 hours of soaking in clear water after being cured.
4. The method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of the loaded rock by using the multi-channel resistivity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the epoxy resin is uniformly coated on the surface of the rock test block by using a brush to perform water sealing treatment on the surface of the rock test block, and the rock test block after water sealing treatment is placed in a ventilated place for about 12 hours to be cured.
5. The method for reflecting internal damage and crack propagation of the loaded rock by using the multi-channel resistivity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the transformer converts the voltage of the circuit where the power supply electrode copper sheet is positioned into 24V alternating voltage.
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| CN111323455B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2022-01-11 | 大连理工大学 | Device and method for measuring dynamic resistance of underwater rock pressurizing process |
| CN112129632B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-11-09 | 东北大学 | Method for calibrating creep damage and fracture surface of rock by using high-density resistivity |
| CN113866025B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2024-02-23 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for testing dynamic strain in original rock |
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