CN114976137A - Flexible partition characteristic test piece for fuel cell - Google Patents

Flexible partition characteristic test piece for fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114976137A
CN114976137A CN202210583513.4A CN202210583513A CN114976137A CN 114976137 A CN114976137 A CN 114976137A CN 202210583513 A CN202210583513 A CN 202210583513A CN 114976137 A CN114976137 A CN 114976137A
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China
Prior art keywords
flexible
fuel cell
current
layer
distributed
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CN202210583513.4A
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CN114976137B (en
Inventor
张宇洲
邵恒
唐厚闻
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Shanghai H Rise New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai H Rise New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210583513.4A priority Critical patent/CN114976137B/en
Publication of CN114976137A publication Critical patent/CN114976137A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2023/096278 priority patent/WO2023227058A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537Electric variables
    • H01M8/04544Voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537Electric variables
    • H01M8/04574Current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537Electric variables
    • H01M8/04634Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention relates to a flexible partition characteristic test piece for a fuel cell, which is integrally a flexible piece and comprises a current collecting layer, a current measuring layer and a current guiding layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein the current collecting layer is used for being attached to a membrane electrode, the current guiding layer is used for being attached to a bipolar plate, collecting metal pieces are distributed on the current collecting layer according to a fuel cell area, shunt resistors with fixed resistance values are distributed in the current measuring layer, guiding metal pieces are distributed on the current guiding layer, the distribution positions of the collecting metal pieces, the shunt resistors and the guiding metal pieces correspond to each other, and electric conduction is realized through conducting holes distributed in the flexible piece; hollow grooves are distributed on the flexible sheet; the two sides of the flexible sheet are provided with connectors. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of directly collecting the performance parameters at the position of the membrane electrode, accurately measuring and the like without changing the structure of the battery or replacing the existing parts in the electric pile.

Description

Flexible partition characteristic test piece for fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell testing, in particular to a flexible partition characteristic testing sheet for a fuel cell.
Background
In the actual operation process of the fuel cell, due to uneven mass and heat transfer, local reactions are inconsistent, so that the current distribution, the temperature distribution and the water content distribution in different areas inside the fuel cell are uneven, and the overall performance of the fuel cell is reduced. The partition performance measurement technology can intuitively measure the performance distribution of different areas in the fuel cell, including current, impedance, temperature distribution and the like, and is very important for understanding the internal reaction condition of the fuel cell and optimizing the flow field design. The existing partition testing techniques can be roughly classified into the following two types:
1) a partition test PCB is arranged between two bipolar plates of adjacent battery units, namely an MEA (membrane electrode) and partition plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the bipolar plates. The method does not change the components in the stack, but because of the transverse conductivity of the bipolar plate, the current generated by the MEA passes through the bipolar plate and then is collected by the partition plate, and the collected current is influenced by the transverse conductivity of the bipolar plate, so that the current density which may be unevenly distributed per se is homogenized, and the current distribution generated by the membrane electrode cannot be accurately evaluated.
2) And a gas flow channel of a cathode or an anode is carved on the subarea test PCB, and the subarea test PCB is directly arranged on one side of the MEA instead of the bipolar plate. The method overcomes the defects of the short board of the former method, and the acquired information is more accurate. But requires changes to the bipolar plates of the stack. However, it also has the following major disadvantages: firstly, the mechanical properties are changed, usually the partition test board is manufactured by the printed circuit board technology, the mechanical strength is lower than that of the metal bipolar plate, and the flow channel is easy to deform due to the assembly force in the assembly and lamination process. Secondly, the polar plates are seriously bent and deformed at the head and tail parts of the fuel cell stack, and the PCB has smaller bending radius and is easy to damage and crack; or poor contact, leading to increased contact resistance, which affects the test results.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a flexible partition characteristic test piece for a fuel cell, which is simple to process and assemble, does not change parts in a galvanic pile and realizes accurate collection of specific characteristics in the galvanic pile.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a flexible partition characteristic test piece for a fuel cell is integrally a flexible piece and comprises a current collection layer, a current measurement layer and a current lead-out layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein the current collection layer is used for being attached to a membrane electrode, the current lead-out layer is used for being attached to a bipolar plate, collection metal pieces are distributed on the current collection layer according to a fuel cell area, shunt resistors with fixed resistance values are distributed in the current measurement layer, lead-out metal pieces are distributed on the current lead-out layer, the distribution positions of the collection metal pieces, the shunt resistors and the lead-out metal pieces correspond to each other, and electrical conduction is realized through conducting holes distributed in the flexible piece;
hollow grooves are distributed on the flexible sheet, and the shapes of the hollow grooves correspond to the shapes of the bipolar plate flow passages;
connectors are arranged on two sides of the flexible sheet and connected with two ends of each shunt resistor through metal conducting wire sheets distributed in the flexible sheet.
Further, the flexible sheet is made of an insulating flexible material.
Further, the leading-out metal sheet and the collecting metal sheet are both gold-plated metal sheets.
Furthermore, at least one positioning hole is arranged on the periphery of the flexible sheet, and a positioning structure connected with the positioning hole is arranged on the bipolar plate of the fuel cell.
Further, the locating hole is a special-shaped hole.
Further, the total thickness of the flexible sheet is 0.1-0.5 mm.
Furthermore, sealing strips are arranged on two sides of the flexible sheet facing the membrane electrode.
Furthermore, a temperature measuring layer is arranged between the current measuring layer and the current leading-out layer, thermistors are distributed in the temperature measuring layer and distributed according to the area of the fuel cell, and the connector is connected with the two ends of each thermistor through metal conducting wire sheets distributed in the test sheet.
Further, the thermistors are connected in series with each other.
Further, when the current density test of the fuel cell is carried out, the actual resistance value of the shunt resistor is revised according to the temperature of the fuel cell area where the shunt resistor is located, and then the current passing through the shunt resistor is calculated according to the actual resistance value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention designs the flexible sheet structure, can be directly arranged between the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode of the fuel cell, does not need to change the structure of the cell and replace the existing parts in the galvanic pile, overcomes the influence of the transverse conductivity of the bipolar plate in the traditional mode, directly acquires the performance parameters at the membrane electrode, has accurate measurement, and can accurately reduce the local reaction condition of the cell, thereby accurately evaluating the current distribution generated by the membrane electrode.
2. The flexible sheet is small in thickness and light in weight, is less in influence on the whole mass and volume of the galvanic pile when being placed into the galvanic pile, and meanwhile, the whole structure is a flat plate structure without a protruding channel, so that structural damage caused by the influence of assembly force is avoided.
3. The flexible sheet can be bent and deformed, so that the flexible sheet is attached to the deformed bipolar plate or membrane electrode, stress distribution is not influenced, and real current distribution is reflected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial side cross-sectional schematic view of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a test setup of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the testing principle of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a current collecting layer, 2 a current measuring layer, 3 a current leading-out layer, 4 a membrane electrode, 5 a bipolar plate, 6 a collecting metal sheet, 7 a shunt resistor, 8 a leading-out metal sheet, 9 a conducting hole, 10 a hollow groove, 11 a connector assembly, 12 a positioning hole, 13 a sealing strip, 14 a temperature measuring layer, 15 a thermistor, 16 a through hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a flexible zoned characteristic test sheet for a fuel cell, which is integrally made of a flexible sheet. The flexible sheet comprises a current collection layer 1, a current measurement layer 2, a temperature measurement layer 14 and a current derivation layer 3 which are sequentially stacked. The current collection layer 1 is used for jointing a membrane electrode 4 of the fuel cell, and the current lead-out layer 3 is used for jointing a bipolar plate 5 of the fuel cell.
The current collection layer 1 is distributed with collection metal sheets 6 in the form of being divided according to the reaction area of the fuel cell, and each area is internally provided with one collection metal sheet 6. The collecting metal sheet 6 is a gold-plated copper sheet, and has the advantage of corrosion resistance. A through hole 16 is also provided in the collecting metal sheet 6. The current measuring layer 2 is internally distributed with shunt resistors 7 with fixed resistance values, and the distribution positions of the shunt resistors 7 are vertically corresponding to the positions of the collecting metal sheets 6. The temperature measuring layer 14 is distributed with thermistors 15, and the thermistors 15 are also distributed according to the fuel cell area, namely, the thermistors 15 are vertically corresponding to the positions of the collecting metal sheet 6 and the shunt resistor 7. In order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent temperature tests, the thermistors 15 are connected in series with each other. The outer side of the current lead-out layer 3 is distributed with a lead-out metal sheet 8, the structure of the lead-out metal sheet 8 is consistent with that of the collection metal sheet 6, and the positions of the lead-out metal sheet 8 correspond to those of the collection metal sheet. The lead-out metal sheet 8 is also provided with a through hole 16
And the through holes 9 are distributed in the flexible sheet, each through hole 9 is used for connecting the collecting metal sheet 6, the shunt resistor 7 and the leading-out metal sheet 8 which correspond to the positions, and particularly, a through hole 16 of the metal sheet is connected with the through hole 9. Therefore, the current generated by the membrane electrode 4 can flow into the shunt resistor 7 through the collecting metal sheet 6 and the via hole 9, and finally flows out through the via hole 9 and the lead-out metal sheet 8.
The flexible sheet is also distributed with hollow grooves 10, the shape of the hollow grooves 10 corresponds to the shape of the bipolar plate 5 flow channel, so that the arrangement of the flexible sheet can not influence the gas reaction in the bipolar plate 5 flow channel. Specifically, the flexible sheet is cut by laser or machine to form a hollow part with the same shape as the flow channel, so as to ensure that the flexible sheet does not hinder the reaction gas from migrating from the flow channel of the bipolar plate 5 to the surface of the membrane electrode 4.
Connectors 11 are arranged on two sides of the flexible sheet, and the connectors 11 are connected with two ends of each shunt resistor 7 and two ends of the thermistor 15 through metal conducting wire sheets distributed in the test sheet to carry out circuit connection for testing.
In this embodiment, the flexible sheet is made of an insulating flexible material, and the specific material is not limited, and polyimide is preferably used. At least one positioning hole 12 is arranged around the flexible sheet, and a positioning structure connected with the positioning hole 12 is arranged on the bipolar plate 5 of the fuel cell. When the flexible sheet is installed, the connection of the positioning hole 12 and the positioning structure ensures that the flow channels of the bipolar plate 5 and the hollow grooves 10 of the flexible sheet can be completely aligned. The positioning hole 12 can be a special-shaped hole to ensure the stability of connection.
In the embodiment, the total thickness of the flexible sheet is 0.1-0.5 mm, the thickness of each position on the plane is uniform, and the thickness error of each position is not more than 0.01 mm. The flexible sheet is small in thickness and light in weight after being installed, the flexible sheet is arranged in the galvanic pile, the influence on the whole mass and the whole volume of the galvanic pile is small, the whole flexible sheet is of a flat plate structure and does not have a protruding channel, and the structural damage caused by the influence of assembly force can be avoided. Meanwhile, the flexible sheet can be bent and deformed to be attached to the deformed polar plate or the membrane electrode 4, so that stress distribution is not influenced, and real current distribution is reflected.
In this embodiment, a sealing strip 13 is disposed on a side of the flexible sheet facing the membrane electrode 4, so as to seal between the flexible sheet and the frame of the membrane electrode 4.
The present embodiment can simultaneously test several characteristics of the fuel cell, for example: current density distribution, potential distribution, impedance distribution, and temperature distribution. As shown in fig. 4, during testing, the thermistor 15 connected in series is connected to two ends of the excitation power source through the connector 11; meanwhile, each thermistor 15 and each shunt resistor 7 are connected with an external data sampling line and data acquisition equipment through a connector 11, and each characteristic is specifically tested as follows:
firstly, temperature measurement:
when the temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor 15 in each subarea changes, and the resistance value of the thermistor 15 is measured by a four-wire method, so that the temperature of each subarea can be accurately reflected. The four-wire method resistance measurement can be obtained by applying an excitation current to the thermistor 15 connected in series by using an excitation power supply, measuring the voltage across the thermistor 15, and calculating by using ohm's law.
Secondly, current density measurement:
when the fuel cell is in operation, the current generated by the membrane electrode 4 flows through the gold-plated metal sheet of each partition on the current collection layer 1, then flows through the constant value shunt resistor 7 in the current measurement layer 2, and the magnitude of the current flowing through each partition is obtained through calculation by collecting the voltage at the two ends of the shunt resistor 7 and the ohm's law. The current is then conducted to the metal plate through the gold-plated metal sheet of the current conducting layer 3. Because the temperature changes when the fuel cell operates, the actual resistance value of the shunt resistor 7 can be revised again according to the temperature of the fuel cell region where the shunt resistor 7 is located, and then the current passing through the shunt resistor 7 is calculated according to the actual resistance value, so that a more accurate result is obtained. The current density is obtained by dividing the current of each partition by the area.
Third, impedance measurement
When the fuel cell is operated, an alternating current disturbance signal is externally superposed on the fuel cell, and the waveform of the signal can be a sine wave or a square wave, and the frequency is 10-2000 Hz. And measuring an alternating current component Ia of the current on each subarea and an alternating current component Va of the response voltage on two sides of the subarea measuring plate through the current measuring layer 2, and obtaining the magnitude of the alternating current impedance through Va/Ia.
Four, potential distribution measurement
When the fuel cell is in operation, the voltage value of each subarea can be tested and obtained by measuring the voltage difference between the bipolar plate 5 side and one end of the current measuring layer 2 of the shunt resistor 7, and the potential distribution on the membrane electrode 4 can be obtained.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The flexible partition characteristic test piece for the fuel cell is characterized by being integrally a flexible piece and comprising a current collection layer (1), a current measurement layer (2) and a current lead-out layer (3) which are sequentially stacked, wherein the current collection layer (1) is used for being attached to a membrane electrode (4), the current lead-out layer (3) is used for being attached to a bipolar plate (5), collection metal pieces (6) are distributed on the current collection layer (1) according to a fuel cell area, shunt resistors (7) with fixed resistance values are distributed in the current measurement layer (2), lead-out metal pieces (8) are distributed on the current lead-out layer (3), the distribution positions of the collection metal pieces (6), the shunt resistors (7) and the lead-out metal pieces (8) correspond to each other, and electric conduction is realized through conducting holes (9) distributed in the flexible piece;
hollow grooves (10) are distributed on the flexible sheet, and the shapes of the hollow grooves (10) correspond to the shapes of the flow channels of the bipolar plate (5);
connectors (11) are arranged on two sides of the flexible sheet, and the connectors (11) are connected with two ends of each shunt resistor (7) through metal conducting wire sheets distributed in the flexible sheet.
2. The flexible zoned characteristic test strip for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the flexible strip is made of an insulating flexible material.
3. A flexible zoned characteristic test strip for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the lead-out metal sheet (8) and the collection metal sheet (6) are each a gold-plated metal sheet.
4. The flexible zonal characteristic test piece for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein at least one positioning hole (12) is formed around the flexible piece, and a positioning structure connected with the positioning hole (12) is formed on the bipolar plate (5) of the fuel cell.
5. A flexible zoned characteristic test strip for a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the positioning holes (12) are shaped holes.
6. The flexible zoned characteristic test strip for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the flexible strip has a total thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
7. The flexible zoned characteristic test strip for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the flexible strip is provided with sealing strips (13) on both sides facing the membrane electrode (4).
8. The flexible zoned characteristic test strip for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a temperature measurement layer (14) is provided between the current measurement layer (2) and the current lead-out layer (3), thermistors (15) are distributed in the temperature measurement layer (14), the thermistors (15) are distributed in the fuel cell region, and the connector (11) is connected to both ends of each thermistor (15) through a metal lead piece distributed in the test strip.
9. The flexible zoned characteristic test strip for a fuel cell according to claim 8, wherein the thermistors (15) are connected in series with each other.
10. The flexible zoned characteristic test strip for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein, when a current density test of the fuel cell is performed, an actual resistance value of the shunt resistor (7) is corrected again according to a temperature of a fuel cell region where the shunt resistor (7) is located, and then a current passing through the shunt resistor (7) is calculated according to the actual resistance value.
CN202210583513.4A 2022-05-25 2022-05-25 Flexible partition characteristic test piece for fuel cell Active CN114976137B (en)

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CN202210583513.4A CN114976137B (en) 2022-05-25 2022-05-25 Flexible partition characteristic test piece for fuel cell
PCT/CN2023/096278 WO2023227058A1 (en) 2022-05-25 2023-05-25 Flexible characteristic test piece for partitions of fuel cell

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Cited By (1)

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WO2023227058A1 (en) * 2022-05-25 2023-11-30 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 Flexible characteristic test piece for partitions of fuel cell

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WO2023227058A1 (en) * 2022-05-25 2023-11-30 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 Flexible characteristic test piece for partitions of fuel cell

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