CN108072579A - The impact indentation test device and method of variable bit rate - Google Patents
The impact indentation test device and method of variable bit rate Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
- G01N3/48—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under impulsive load by indentors, e.g. falling ball
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0039—Hammer or pendulum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
- G01N2203/0078—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing using indentation
- G01N2203/008—Residual indentation measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the impact indentation test devices and method of a kind of variable bit rate, belong to field of precision instruments.Including servomotor driving unit, belt pulley transfer unit, worm and gear transfer unit, electromagnetic clutch control unit, bob motion unit, impact bar support detection unit, observing unit, the servomotor driving unit, belt pulley transfer unit are connected on small belt pulley, belt pulley transfer unit is connected with worm and gear transfer unit, and the worm gear of worm and gear transfer unit is placed on transmission main shaft II；Pendulum set is connected with main shaft I, and the impact bar of bob motion unit impact bar support detection unit completes movement.Advantage is：The dynamic impulsion indentation test under conditions of arbitrary drawing rate of deformation is may be provided in, while passes through high-speed double electromagnet autonomous control.The detection function of displacement and power is provided simultaneously with, preferably draws indentation curves, and then draws the dynamic characteristic of material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of precision instruments, the impact indentation test device and method of more particularly to a kind of variable bit rate,
Indentation test can be carried out with differently strained rate to material, to disclose the mechanical property of material and damage machine under high strain rate
System provides new thinking, is provided simultaneously with electromechanical integration and detection function.
Background technology
The simplicity and low cost of hardness test cause the concern of testing of materials area research personnel.Static indentations hardness
Test is a kind of part nondestructive testing method, can measure the elasticity and plasticity of material.In recent years, due to impact grinding
Damage, high-speed slide abrasion, collision, the correlation of the isostructural behavior of high-rate forming, dynamic identation hardness technology cause people
Concern.Similar to static indentations research, can investigate to predict plasticity of the material under high strain rate using dynamic impression
Characteristic, usually 103In the range of/s.Although the technology of several maturations, such as divide Hopkinson pressure bar SHPB and plate impact
Experiment, with performance of the assessment material under high strain rate, these technologies cannot all provide consistent with representative hardness experiment
Simplicity and simplicity.
Conventional study impact indentation is mostly carried out using Hopkinson leverage, utilizes bullet impact incident bar and reflected refraction
Bar is contributed using foil gauge reaction and changes over time curve with impact process and speed, and in general, Hopkinson pressure bar is real
The incident bar taken and transmission bar signal are tested to derive the load and displacement in experiment, meeting when can cause projectile impact incident bar
Compression and tensile stress ripple are generated, and does not use any second load suppression technology so that is made when drawing test data
Into the difficulty of processing.
Current research purpose is a kind of reality for the definite dynamic stiffness being consistent with static hardness assay method of exploitation
Proved recipe method tests similar to static hardness, directly measures load, dynamic stiffness is by the impression size on measurement specimen material.
Time of contact between pressure head and specified device can also accurately control, and directly be measured in current method, be pressed with obtaining dynamic
Mean strain rate during trace.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the impact indentation test devices and method of a kind of variable bit rate, solve existing skill
The above problem existing for art.Impact test and dynamic impression are combined by the present invention, using pendulum impact bar, will be impacted
Work(is converted into the energy of bar to material into Mobile state indentation test, and trip rod one end insertion pressure head, the other end is connected in momentum and catches
Device (axle sleeve-rigid mass block assembly) is caught, by the momentum trap being fixed on impact bar, reduces trip rod in knockout process
Tensile stress ripple, while strain gauge is placed on and is fixed on rigid mount, ensure the feasibility of data.There is electromechanics simultaneously
Integrated, compact-sized, the characteristics of measuring accuracy is high, rigidity is high, can probe into the elasticity modulus of the material under high strain rate, bend
The difference of the mechanics parameter and conventional mark test method of ultimate strength and strength degree is taken, loses the microscopic appearance of material, damage
Mechanism is monitored, and the performance to disclose material provides method.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
The impact indentation test device of variable bit rate, including servomotor driving unit, belt pulley transfer unit, worm gear snail
Bar transfer unit, electromagnetic clutch control unit, bob motion unit, impact bar support detection unit, observing unit；The servo
Electric-motor drive unit is：DC servo motor I 32 is fixed on motor cabinet 31, and motor cabinet 31 is placed on one side enlarging radius
Motor shaft II 30 on, the planar ends of motor cabinet 31 are connected in by screw on body 8；Body 8 is placed on base plate 26, and is led to
Attachment screw I 7 is crossed to be fixed；
The belt pulley transfer unit is connected to by motor shaft I 9 and flat key 33 on small belt pulley 10, and belt pulley transfers single
Member is connected by the flat key on worm shaft 11 and big belt pulley 12 with worm and gear transfer unit；
The worm and gear transfer unit is：Worm gear 49 is placed on transmission main shaft II 50, and worm shaft 11 drives worm gear 49
It is moved, worm shaft 11 passes through left bearing end cap I 34, right bearing end cap II 40, bearing I 37, the support of bearing II 38 and radial direction
Worm shaft 11 is fixed on operating position by spindle locking nut II 36 and realizes axially position by positioning；Bearing I 37 and bearing II
38 axially position is then fixed by spindle locking nut II 36, bearing lock nut III 39；Disk-read 52 passes through attachment screw II
15 are fixed on drive end bearing bracket 14；
The electromagnetic clutch control unit is：Active electromagnet 42 is used as main control unit, and active electromagnet 42 is by rear
End cap 13, spindle locking nut III 44 are fixed, the active electromagnet 42 by transmission main shaft II 50, bearing IV 46, after
Bearing (ball) cover III 47 is placed on motive position, and bearing V 48 ensures positioning of the transmission main shaft II 50 in radial direction, and rear end cap 13 passes through
Holding screw II 41 is fixed on body 8；
Impact bar support detection unit is：Impact bar 29 keeps being axially moved in impact bar support base 27, passes through
Holding screw I 28 is fixed, and a mass block 25 is placed in 29 rear side of impact bar, and displacement sensor 6 is placed in 29 front side of impact bar,
Force snesor 5 is placed on impact bar 29；
The observing unit is：High-speed camera 3 is placed in support plate 1, and the process of press in of pressure head 58 is observed.
The small belt pulley 10 drives big belt pulley 12, and the power of DC servo motor I 32 is transferred to worm shaft 11.
The electromagnetic clutch control unit, with separating, controls the biography where worm gear 49 by the actuation of active electromagnet 42
Dynamic movement between main shaft II 50 and main shaft I 19 is transferred, and 42 surface of active electromagnet sets convex cylindrical, active electromagnetism during energization
The convex cylindrical that coil is tied on iron 42 obtains magnetism, attracts the armature 45 with concave cylindrical, makes active electromagnet 42 and rank
Iron 45 is integrally formed the synchronization for reaching movement, so control the beginning of the rotary motion of the bob motion unit on pendulum set 55 with
Stop.
The bob motion unit is：Pendulum set 55 is fixed on by attachment screw IV 53 on main shaft I 19, main shaft I 19
It is fixed on by drive end bearing bracket 14 and bearing VI 54 inside body 8, bearing VI 54, drive end bearing bracket 14 pass through bearing lock nut I 16, preceding
Spindle locking nut IV 56 carries out axially position；Travel switch 18 is placed on supporting item 17, and pendulum set 55 passes through principal shaft locking
Nut I 20 is fixed on main shaft I 19, and 22 upper end of pendulum rod is fixed together by fixed pin 21 and pendulum set 55, and lower end passes through
Pendulum connector 23 is fixed together with pendulum first 24, and impact bar 29 completes movement during the bottom；Drive end bearing bracket 14
It is fixed on by holding screw III 51 on body 8.
Described impact bar support detection unit is：The first 24 impact bar 29 of pendulum, impact bar 29 pass through three tightenings
Screw I 28 is mounted on platform only axially movable, and three holding screws I 28, which are fixed in support base 27, is mutually 120 degree；Pressure head
58 are connected to by pressure head set 59 on impact bar 29, and force snesor 5 is placed on impact bar 29, and test specimen 57 passes through test specimen clamped spiked
4 are placed at test specimen support base 2；By fixed impact bar support base 27 on base plate 26 impact bar 29 is supported to ensure to test
Precision, mass block 25 be placed on impact bar 29 be used as momentum trap.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of impact indentation test method of variable bit rate, Charpy impression
Method is to fall pendulum by different height, in minimum point impact bar 29, and then gives impact bar 29 friction speed, is realized
Pressure head is tested with different pressing-in forces and different press-in speeds；It can be controlled not by pendulum bottom impact bar 29
Same stroke speed, calculates the exact value of the speed when hitting, and experimental data is modified by formula.
Be that L drops hammer by length, stop dropping place put with vertical angle α, initial velocity is fallen in the state of being 0, after shock
Pivot angle is β, and pendulum mass of system is M, it can be deduced that formula：
The energy of transmission is on the left of equation, energy transmission is to impact bar after collision, according to momentum theorem, Ft=m × Δ V
As can be seen that m is impact bar mass of system, the time when variable quantity that power and speed are determined when two articles collide is by colliding
It solves, the time can be drawn by high-speed camera；
It, can also and the Elastic Contact Theory pair of dynamic stiffness theory and hertz static by Tabor except experiment measures
Experimental data is modified, as spherical attack time t；
A is contact radius, and c is the spread speed of longitudinal elastic wave, the maximum depth of cup h of plane surface；
M is spheroid mass, and V is impact velocity；
Constant B is；
R be ball radius, k1And k2For elastic material constant；Wherein k1And k2
ν1ν2For spherical surface, 1 Poisson's ratio of plane, E1E2For Young's modulus；
Formula is set up assume at the time of contact between without rubbing under perfectly elastic impact, will be that fill can be 2 times of the stage；Contact
Time, t was：
Maximum pressure F is：
Average contact pressure pmFor：
Maximum pressure that force snesor is drawn and the time of contact that high-speed camera is drawn can carry out pair with result of calculation
Than experiment with computing error.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：Compared with prior art, the present invention can provide arbitrarily drawing the item of rate of deformation
Dynamic impulsion indentation test under part, while pass through high-speed double electromagnet autonomous control.The detection function of displacement and power is provided simultaneously with,
It preferably draws indentation curves, and then draws the dynamic characteristic of material.The instrument makes one and mechanical energy is converted into impression
Energy.It is combined together by traditional machine driving with electrical control, forms electromechanical integration, this is also that will develop in the future
Trend, in testing of materials, impact indentation development is still not perfect, it is believed that must can have breakthrough later.In conclusion this hair
It is bright that abundant in situ and promotion material mechanical performance measuring technology and equipment are opened with important theory significance and good application
Send out future.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, forms the part of the application, this hair
Bright illustrative example and its explanation do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention for explaining the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the overall appearance structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the main structure diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the left view structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the overlooking the structure diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are the main view close-up schematic view of the present invention；
Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 is the left view close-up schematic view of the present invention.
In figure：1st, support plate；2nd, test specimen support base；3rd, high-speed camera；4th, test specimen clamped spiked；5th, force snesor；6th, position
Displacement sensor；7th, attachment screw I；8th, body；9th, motor shaft I；10th, small belt pulley；11st, worm shaft；12nd, big belt pulley；13rd, after
End cap；14th, drive end bearing bracket；15th, attachment screw II；16th, bearing lock nut I；17th, supporting item；18th, travel switch；19th, main shaft I；
20th, spindle locking nut I；21st, fixed pin；22nd, pendulum rod；23rd, pendulum connector；24th, pendulum head；25th, mass block；26th, bottom
Seat；27th, impact bar support base；28th, holding screw I；29th, impact bar；30th, motor shaft II；31st, motor cabinet；32nd, DC servo electricity
Machine I；33rd, flat key；34th, left bearing end cap I；35th, bearing lock nut II；36th, spindle locking nut II；37th, bearing I；38th, axis
Hold II；39th, bearing lock nut III；40th, right bearing end cap II；41st, holding screw II；42nd, active electromagnet；43rd, electromagnetism is inhaled
Block；44 spindle locking nuts III；45th, armature；46th, bearing IV；47th, rear bearing (ball) cover III；48th, bearing V；49 worm gears；50th, pass
Dynamic main shaft II；51st, holding screw III；52nd, disk-read；53rd, attachment screw IV；54th, bearing VI；55th, pendulum set；56th, forward spindle is locked
Tight nut IV；57th, test specimen；58th, pressure head；59th, pressure head set.
Specific embodiment
The detailed content and its specific embodiment further illustrated the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 9, the impact indentation test device of variable bit rate of the invention drives including servomotor
Unit, belt pulley transfer unit, worm and gear transfer unit, electromagnetic clutch control unit, bob motion unit, impact bar support
Detection unit, observing unit, the servomotor driving unit, belt pulley transfer unit are connected by motor shaft 9 and flat key 33
On small belt pulley 10, belt pulley is connected by the flat key on worm shaft 11 and big belt pulley 12 with worm and gear transfer unit,
The worm gear 49 of worm and gear transfer unit is placed on transmission main shaft II 50, and worm shaft 11 drives worm gear 49 to be moved；Electromagnetism
Clutch for clutch control unit is by the actuation of electromagnet with separating between the transmission main shaft II 50 at 49 place of control worm gear and main shaft I 19
Movement is transferred, and then controls the rotary motion of the bob motion unit on pendulum set 55, and the pendulum set 55 passes through attachment screw
IV 53 are connected with main shaft I 19, and the impact bar 29 of bob motion unit impact bar support detection unit completes movement；The sight
It is that high-speed camera 3 is placed in support plate 1 to survey unit, and the process of press in of pressure head 58 is observed.Pass through small belt pulley
10th, big belt pulley 12 and worm and gear reduction of speed realize reliable movement.
The servomotor driving unit is：DC servo motor I 32 is fixed on motor cabinet 31, and motor cabinet 31 is placed on
On the motor shaft II 30 of one one side enlarging radius, ensure the feasibility of assembling, the planar ends of motor cabinet 31 are connected by screw
On body 8, the stationarity moved when torque is transferred is realized；Body 8 is placed on base plate 26, and passes through attachment screw
I 7 are fixed；
The belt pulley transfer unit is connected to by motor shaft I 9 and flat key 33 on small belt pulley 10, and belt pulley transfers single
Member is connected by the flat key on worm shaft 11 and big belt pulley 12 with worm and gear transfer unit；
The worm and gear transfer unit is：Worm gear 49 is placed on transmission main shaft II 50, and worm shaft 11 drives worm gear 49
It is moved, worm shaft 11 passes through left bearing end cap I 34, right bearing end cap II 40, bearing I 37, the support of bearing II 38 and radial direction
Worm shaft 11 is fixed on operating position by spindle locking nut II 36 and realizes axially position by positioning；Bearing I 37 and bearing II
38 axially position is then fixed by spindle locking nut II 36, bearing lock nut III 39；Disk-read 52 passes through attachment screw II
15 are fixed on drive end bearing bracket 14；
The electromagnetic clutch control unit is：Active electromagnet 42 is used as main control unit, and active electromagnet 42 is by rear
End cap 13, spindle locking nut III 44 are fixed, the active electromagnet 42 by transmission main shaft II 50, bearing IV 46, after
Bearing (ball) cover III 47 is placed on motive position, and bearing V 48 ensures positioning of the transmission main shaft II 50 in radial direction, and rear end cap 13 passes through
Holding screw II 41 is fixed on body 8；
Impact bar support detection unit is：Impact bar 29 keeps being axially moved in impact bar support base 27, passes through
Holding screw I 28 is fixed, and a mass block 25 is placed in 29 rear side of impact bar, and displacement sensor 6 is placed in 29 front side of impact bar,
Force snesor 5 is placed on impact bar 29；
The observing unit is：High-speed camera 3 is placed in support plate 1, and the process of press in of pressure head 58 is observed.
The small belt pulley 10 mounted on outside drives big belt pulley 12, and the power of DC servo motor I 32 is passed
Worm shaft 11 is delivered to, can realize big gearratio, can realize the slow rotation of mechanism, it is ensured that pendulum rises in rotation
Process will not be too fast and trigger unexpected, while worm and gear system can realize self-locking, ensure that pendulum can rest on setting
Position.
The electromagnetic clutch control unit, with separating, controls the biography where worm gear 49 by the actuation of active electromagnet 42
Dynamic movement between main shaft II 50 and main shaft I 19 is transferred, and 42 surface of active electromagnet sets convex cylindrical, active electromagnetism during energization
The convex cylindrical that coil is tied on iron 42 obtains magnetism, attracts the armature 45 with concave cylindrical, makes active electromagnet 42 and rank
Iron 45 is integrally formed the synchronization for reaching movement, so control the beginning of the rotary motion of the bob motion unit on pendulum set 55 with
Stop.Ensure that pendulum can rest on the height of anticipation, and then control the speed when hitting.
The bob motion unit is：Pendulum set 55 is fixed on by attachment screw IV 53 on main shaft I 19, main shaft I 19
It is fixed on by drive end bearing bracket 14 and bearing VI 54 inside body 8, bearing VI 54, drive end bearing bracket 14 pass through bearing lock nut I 16, preceding
Spindle locking nut IV 56 carries out axially position, chooses the compactedness that locking nut ensures structure；Travel switch 18 is placed on branch
In support member 17, the mobile height of pendulum is controlled when pendulum is swung, and then delivers a signal to Electromagnetic Control part so that pendulum stops
Stay in desired position so that possess friction speed when hitting, so as to influence deformation velocity during press-in, pendulum set 55 passes through master
Axle lock nut I 20 is fixed on main shaft I 19, and 22 upper end of pendulum rod is fixed together by fixed pin 21 and pendulum set 55, under
End is fixed together by pendulum connector 23 with pendulum first 24, and impact bar 29 completes movement during the bottom；Before
End cap 14 is fixed on by holding screw III 51 on body 8.
Described impact bar support detection unit is：The first 24 impact bar 29 of pendulum, impact bar 29 pass through three tightenings
Screw I 28 is mounted on platform only axially movable, and three holding screws I 28, which are fixed in support base 27, is mutually 120 degree；Pressure head
58 are connected to by pressure head set 59 on impact bar 29, and force snesor 5 is placed on impact bar 29, and test specimen 57 passes through test specimen clamped spiked
4 are placed at test specimen support base 2；By fixed impact bar support base 27 on base plate 26 impact bar 29 is supported to ensure to test
Precision, mass block 25 be placed on impact bar 29 be used as momentum trap.
The impact indentation test method of the variable bit rate of the present invention, Charpy creasing method is by different height by pendulum
Degree is fallen, and in minimum point impact bar 29, and then gives impact bar 29 friction speed, realize pressure head with different pressing-in forces and
Different press-in speeds are tested；Different stroke speeds can be controlled by pendulum bottom impact bar 29, calculate and hitting
The exact value of speed when hitting, and experimental data is modified by formula.
Be that L drops hammer by length, stop dropping place put with vertical angle α, initial velocity is fallen in the state of being 0, after shock
Pivot angle is β, and pendulum mass of system is M, it can be deduced that formula：
The energy of transmission is on the left of equation, energy transmission is to impact bar after collision, according to momentum theorem, Ft=m × Δ V
As can be seen that m is impact bar mass of system, the time when variable quantity that power and speed are determined when two articles collide is by colliding
It solves, the time can be drawn by high-speed camera；
It, can also and the Elastic Contact Theory pair of dynamic stiffness theory and hertz static by Tabor except experiment measures
Experimental data is modified, as spherical attack time t；
A is contact radius, and c is the spread speed of longitudinal elastic wave, the maximum depth of cup h of plane surface；
M is spheroid mass, and V is impact velocity；
Constant B is；
R be ball radius, k1And k2For elastic material constant；Wherein k1And k2
ν1ν2For spherical surface, 1 Poisson's ratio of plane, E1E2For Young's modulus；
Formula is set up assume at the time of contact between without rubbing under perfectly elastic impact, will be that fill can be 2 times of the stage；Contact
Time, t was：
Maximum pressure F is：
Average contact pressure pmFor：
Maximum pressure that force snesor is drawn and the time of contact that high-speed camera is drawn can carry out pair with result of calculation
Than experiment with computing error.
The pendulum rod 22 can be because travel switch 18 be in I 19 different position of main shaft and then adjusts highly, and then first
Beginning position possesses different potential energy, so during the bottom, potential energy is kinetic energy so that possesses when hitting not synchronized
Degree, so as to influence deformation velocity during press-in.Under conditions of ensureing to automate, it is desirable to which the speed above put is simultaneously unhappy, so needing
It significantly to reduce and click on rotating speed out, mechanism is compared by the big reduction of speed such as small belt pulley 10, big belt pulley 12, worm and gear
It can realize reliable movement.
The active electromagnet 42 possesses the mechanism of similar electromagnetic clutch, can be by main shaft I 19 and transmission main shaft II 50
Actuation at any time separates, ensure lower pendular motion whether can taking human as control, by powerful attraction, ensure experiment when
The requirement of movement can be realized easily by waiting.
On the basis of the position tested is by a pedestal 26, all are all with the flatness of the plane, with other planes
Verticality and the depth of parallelism ensure.Therefore processing request be also experiment can accurately basis.
During the entire process of test, tested 57 indentation curves of test specimen will be detected by force snesor 5, when pressing
When first 58 impact test piece, the indentation test that will be recorded in positioned at the high-speed camera 3 of test specimen avris in impact process, test specimen
57 crack initiation, extension and deformation damage situation will by experiment after carry out, while by the instrument of electron microscope into
Row observation, and image can be recorded simultaneously, it can also obtain the engineering of characterization material mechanical performance in real time with reference to host computer debugging software
The important mechanics parameter such as load-deformation curve and bending strength, tensile strength.
Referring to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 9, servomotor driving unit of the invention drives for motor, by being fixed on body 8
Motor cabinet 31 in DC servo motor I 32 be connected with the small belt pulley 10 on the outside of body, make up to decreasing transmission
Effect, big belt pulley 12 are placed on the edge of worm shaft 11.Body 8 is hollow, and motor shaft II 30 is thick thin convenient for peace on one side on one side
Dress, while motor shaft II 30 is interference fitted with body 8, ensures in internal fixation, while motor cabinet 31 and body 8 are led to
Screw is crossed to be fixed together.
As it is desirable that movement velocity is not high, it is desirable to reach very high reduction of speed ratio.Therefore use worm and gear speed decreasing mechanism, snail
Bar axis 11 is passed motion on the worm gear 49 of transmission main shaft II 50, and 11 left end of worm shaft passes through I 37 radial direction position of bearing
It puts and is fixed on I 34 on left bearing end cap, I 34 are connected in by the threaded hole of its surrounding on body on left bearing end cap, in order to protect
The compactedness of structure is demonstrate,proved, left bearing end cap I 34 is firmly secured to desired position, I 37, bearing by bearing lock nut II 35
It is fixed by bearing lock nut III 39, right end takes same structure.
After worm shaft 11, which has transferred, to be moved to worm gear 49, II 50 setting in motion of transmission main shaft, II 50 right end of transmission main shaft
It is fixed on by bearing VI 54 in body, left end carries out axially position by spindle locking nut III 44 and bearing IV 46, actively
Electromagnet 42 is used as main control unit, and is fixed by rear end cap 13, the active electromagnet 42 by transmission main shaft II 50,
Main shaft bearing IV 46 is placed on motive position with rear bearing (ball) cover III 47.
Coordinate peaceful key connection that transmission main shaft II 50 is driven to move together by crossing to win, while one is placed in the rear side of body
II 36 pairs of transmission main shafts II 50 of a rear end cap 13 and spindle lock nut carry out axially position, will in order to make structure compacter
Transmission main shaft II 50 is arranged to the form of hollow shaft, and by active electromagnet, 42 mechanism passes motion to main shaft I 19, works as structure
When obtaining electric, obtain active electromagnet 42 electric, drive the connector being fixed on spline, together main shaft I 19 is driven to move, by
It puts on pendulum, so as to reach movement needs, in the front side of body plus drive end bearing bracket 14, main shaft I 19 is positioned.Front end simultaneously
Lid 14 is connected through a screw thread with body, ensures assembly precision, and main shaft I 19 is fixed with drive end bearing bracket 14 by bearing VI 54, axis
It holds VI 54 and desired position is fixed on by forward spindle locking nut IV 56, in order to intuitively observe the angle raised under pendulum, by disk-read
52 by screw fastened on drive end bearing bracket 14, while for the angle that raises up for controlling pendulum, a travel switch 18 is placed on
On rotatable supporting item 17, pendulum set 55 is fixed on the outermost of main shaft I 19.Pendulum rod 22 and pendulum set 55 pass through fixed pin
21, which link together, is tested, and pendulum rod lower part is welded together with hitting part by pendulum connector 23, for impact
Impression instrument, pendulum system will bear torque and moment of flexure, and these power are passed to transmission system, and cooperation intensity is had to
It asks.Therefore set 55 is waved with main shaft I 19 using the larger interference fits of fit tolerance, but depend frictional force alone and may not meet indifference
Other transmission, so an additional screw is fixed, screw will be subject to shear stress, so will larger radius be used.And
For the axially position of pendulum, go out screw thread in I 19 right side vehicle of main shaft, put locking nut.Because pendulum head desired strength is higher,
And cast member often has the defects of stomata, burning into sand, and defect should not quantify, and be easy to cause the defects of unexpected.Therefore take machinery
The form of connection.To ensure the stabilization and intensity of pendulum system with this.Pendulum is used and is welded to connect since size is smaller.For
Proof strength very stability, the then solder for taking some special and welding method.So as to reach experiment test requirement.
Because pendulum 22 can generate certain tilting moment during waving, the design of pedestal 26 just seems outstanding
For key, the flatness error of contact plane should be met, while to ensure certain security, wave knockout process with
The increase of test number (TN) necessarily causes the loosening of mating surface and the fatigue damage of material, therefore to add in certain safety device,
People will not be hurt when hitting because of structural damage.So baffle is set to ensure safety on pedestal.Pendulum exists
Position between baffle, while ensure that spacing does not interfere with the process of pendulum experiment enough.
Pendulum touches the travel switch 18 in precalculated position, DC servo motor 32 when pendulum 22 reaches ideal position
It shuts down, pendulum is suspended in the air by the auto-lock function of DC servo motor I 32 and worm and gear, is ordered when assigning the bottom
When making, 42 dead electricity of active electromagnet, pendulum is by the gravity bottom in the structure of extreme lower position triangle chuck similar with being connected in
Trip rod bump against, so as to fulfill impact indentation test.
In order to ensure verticality of the impact bar 29 in horizontal level, the screw thread of impact bar support base 27 is placed as far as possible
In one big plane, test specimen is fixed on test specimen support base 2, is fixed on by the test specimen clamped spiked 4 of one week on vertical plane, ensures
The progress of experiment.Mass block 25 is placed on as the effect for eliminating second load on impact bar 29 simultaneously.
Key of the pressure head as testing of materials, it is necessary to its structure is designed because traditional indenter only receive it is smaller
Power, and traditional diamond penetrator size is smaller, will process a hard alloy pressure using hard alloy oneself herein
Head, and pressure head is fixed on metal cover on trip rod 29, metal semiconductor material Ti has light-weight, the spies such as intensity height
Property, it is highly suitable as the structure of fixed pressure head.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiments of the present invention, are not intended to limit the invention, for the technology of this field
For personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. made for the present invention,
It should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of impact indentation test device of variable bit rate, it is characterised in that：It is passed including servomotor driving unit, belt pulley
Pass unit, worm and gear transfer unit, electromagnetic clutch control unit, bob motion unit, impact bar support detection unit, observation
Unit；
The servomotor driving unit is：DC servo motor I (32) is fixed on motor cabinet (31), and motor cabinet (31) is placed
On the motor shaft II (30) of one side enlarging radius, the planar ends of motor cabinet (31) are connected in by screw on body (8)；
Body (8) is placed on pedestal (26), and is passed through attachment screw I (7) and be fixed；
The belt pulley transfer unit is connected to by motor shaft I (9) and flat key (33) on small belt pulley (10), and belt pulley transfers
Unit is connected by the flat key on worm shaft (11) and big belt pulley (12) with worm and gear transfer unit；
The worm and gear transfer unit is：Worm gear (49) is placed on transmission main shaft II (50), and worm shaft (11) drives worm gear
(49) moved, worm shaft (11) passes through left bearing end cap I (34), right bearing end cap II (40), bearing I (37), bearing II
(38) worm shaft (11) is fixed on operating position and realized and axially determined by support and radial positioning by spindle locking nut II (36)
Position；The axially position of bearing I (37) and bearing II (38) then passes through spindle locking nut II (36), bearing lock nut III (39)
It is fixed；Disk-read (52) is fixed on by attachment screw II (15) on drive end bearing bracket (14)；
The electromagnetic clutch control unit is：Active electromagnet (42) is used as main control unit, and active electromagnet (42) is by rear
End cap (13), spindle locking nut III (44) are fixed, and the active electromagnet (42) passes through transmission main shaft II (50), bearing
IV (46), rear bearing (ball) cover III (47) are placed on motive position, and bearing V (48) ensures that transmission main shaft II (50) is determined in radial direction
Position, rear end cap (13) are fixed on by holding screw II (41) on body (8)；
Impact bar support detection unit is：Impact bar (29) keeps being axially moved in impact bar support base (27), passes through
Holding screw I (28) is fixed, and a mass block (25) is placed on rear side of impact bar (29), and displacement is placed on front side of impact bar (29)
Sensor (6), force snesor (5) are placed on impact bar (29)；
The observing unit is：High-speed camera (3) is placed in support plate (1), and the process of press in of pressure head (58) is seen
It surveys.
2. the impact indentation test device of variable bit rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The small belt pulley
(10) big belt pulley (12) is driven, the power of DC servo motor I (32) is transferred to worm shaft (11).
3. the impact indentation test device of variable bit rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The electromagnetic clutch
Control unit with separating, controls the transmission main shaft II (50) and main shaft where worm gear (49) by the actuation of active electromagnet (42)
Movement between I (19) is transferred, and active electromagnet (42) surface sets convex cylindrical, is tied on active electromagnet (42) during energization
The convex cylindrical of coil obtains magnetism, attracts the armature (45) with concave cylindrical, makes active electromagnet (42) and armature (45)
The synchronization for reaching movement is integrally formed, and then controls the beginning of the rotary motion of the bob motion unit on pendulum set (55) with stopping
Only.
4. the impact indentation test device of variable bit rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The bob motion
Unit is：Pendulum set (55) is fixed on by attachment screw IV (53) on main shaft I (19), and main shaft I (19) passes through drive end bearing bracket (14)
Body (8) inside is fixed on bearing VI (54), bearing VI (54), drive end bearing bracket (14) pass through bearing lock nut I (16), preceding master
Axle lock nut IV (56) carries out axially position；Travel switch (18) is placed on supporting item (17), and pendulum set (55) passes through master
Axle lock nut I (20) is fixed on main shaft I (19), and pendulum rod (22) upper end is connected by fixed pin (21) and pendulum set (55)
Together, lower end is fixed together by pendulum connector (23) and pendulum head (24), the impact bar during the bottom
(29) movement is completed；Drive end bearing bracket (14) is fixed on by holding screw III (51) on body (8).
5. the impact indentation test device of variable bit rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The impact bar branch
Supportting detection unit is：Pendulum head (24) impact bar (29), impact bar (29) are mounted on flat by three holding screws I (28)
On platform only axially movable, three holding screws I (28) are fixed in support base (27) and are mutually 120 degree；Pressure head (58) passes through pressure
Headgear (59) is connected on impact bar (29), and force snesor (5) is placed on impact bar (29), and test specimen (57) is clamped by test specimen
Nail (4) is placed at test specimen support base (2)；Impact bar is supported by the impact bar support base (27) being fixed on pedestal (26)
(29) to ensure the precision of experiment, mass block (25), which is placed on impact bar (29), is used as momentum trap.
6. a kind of impact indentation test method of variable bit rate, it is characterised in that：Charpy creasing method be by pendulum by
Different height is fallen, and in minimum point impact bar (29), and then gives impact bar (29) friction speed, realizes pressure head with difference
Pressing-in force and different press-in speeds tested；Different shock speed can be controlled by pendulum bottom impact bar (29)
Degree, calculates the exact value of the speed when hitting, and experimental data is modified by formula.
7. the impact indentation test method of variable bit rate according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is L's by length
It drops hammer, stops dropping place and put to fall in the state of being 0 with vertical angle α, initial velocity, the pivot angle after shock is β, and pendulum mass of system is
M, it can be deduced that formula：
<mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>s</mi>
<mi>&alpha;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>s</mi>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>MV</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
The energy of transmission is on the left of equation, and energy transmission is to impact bar after collision, and according to momentum theorem, Ft=m × Δ V can be with
Find out, m is impact bar mass of system, and the time when variable quantity that power and speed are determined when two articles collide is by colliding solves
, the time can be drawn by high-speed camera；
It, can also be by Tabor static state and the Elastic Contact Theory of dynamic stiffness theory and hertz to experiment except experiment measures
Data are modified, as spherical attack time t；
<mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>&GreaterEqual;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
A is contact radius, and c is the spread speed of longitudinal elastic wave, the maximum depth of cup h of plane surface；
<mrow>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
<mi>M</mi>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mi>B</mi>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>5</mn>
</mfrac>
</msup>
</mrow>
M is spheroid mass, and V is impact velocity；
Constant B is；
<mrow>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
<mfrac>
<msubsup>
<mi>R</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
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<mrow>
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<msub>
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<msub>
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</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
R be ball radius, k1And k2For elastic material constant；Wherein k1And k2
<mfenced open = "" close = "">
<mtable>
<mtr>
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<mi>k</mi>
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<mfrac>
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<mo>-</mo>
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<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
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<mn>2</mn>
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</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&pi;E</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
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<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
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<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
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<mn>1</mn>
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<mi>v</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
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<mn>2</mn>
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</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mfenced>
ν1ν2For spherical surface, 1 Poisson's ratio of plane, E1E2For Young's modulus；
Formula is set up assume at the time of contact between without rubbing under perfectly elastic impact, will be that fill can be 2 times of the stage；Time of contact
T is：
<mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>4.259</mn>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
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<mn>1</mn>
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<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
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<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
</mrow>
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>5</mn>
</mfrac>
</msup>
</mrow>
Maximum pressure F is：
<mrow>
<mi>F</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>&pi;</mi>
</mrow>
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<mfrac>
<mn>15</mn>
<mn>16</mn>
</mfrac>
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<mn>5</mn>
</mfrac>
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<mi>V</mi>
<mi>&iota;</mi>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
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<mn>3</mn>
</msup>
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</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
</mrow>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>5</mn>
</mfrac>
</msup>
</mrow>
Average contact pressure pmFor：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>640</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>81</mn>
<msup>
<mi>&pi;</mi>
<mn>9</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mfrac>
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<msup>
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<mi>V</mi>
<mi>&iota;</mi>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</msup>
<msup>
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<mn>3</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
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</msub>
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<msub>
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</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
</mrow>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>5</mn>
</mfrac>
</msup>
</mrow>
The time of contact that the maximum pressure that force snesor is drawn is drawn with high-speed camera can be compared with result of calculation, meter
Calculate experimental error.
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