CN108844835A - A kind of test method of I type crackle Dynamic Fracture overall process parameter under explosive load - Google Patents
A kind of test method of I type crackle Dynamic Fracture overall process parameter under explosive load Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
Of the invention " a kind of test method of I type crackle Dynamic Fracture overall process parameter under explosive load " discloses the test method of the dynamic initiation angle of I type crackle under explosive load a kind of, dynamic expansion toughness and dynamic arrest toughness, belong to Geotechnical Engineering field, single Crack Disk test specimen configuration inside autonomous Design large scale, test result is not influenced by stress concentration and transmitted wave, suitable for studying crack propagation velocity, the propagation behavior of explosion overall process.Explosively loading uses 8#Detonator, numerical value, which calculates, uses finite element difference software AUTODYN, as a result almost the same with test.Load stress time-history curves are input to finite element program ABAQUS, acquire the time-history curves of Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors, the Dynamic Fracture Toughness of material is determined by the fracture moment of crackle.Test specimen configuration of the invention is simple, easy to process, and test process is concise, easy to operate, the test suitable for Dynamic Crack Propagation behavioral study and Dynamic Fracture Toughness.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Geotechnical Engineering field, it is disconnected to be related to I type crackle dynamic under the explosive load with high loading rate
Split the Study on Test Method of toughness.
Background technique
In numerous rock mass engineering projects, such as the construction of rock gangway under mine, the excavation in massif tunnel, the structure of subway and anti-aircraft defence
It builds, explosion is always one of main broken rock means, and main cause is blasting method with simple, economical and efficient etc. excellent
Point.However we are deep not enough to the understanding of blasting process, this is because explosive and rock are all more complicated materials, it is quick-fried
Broken effect depends on the dynamic response feature of the detonation feature and periphery rock mass of explosive simultaneously, and function and effect are by some quick-fried
Hong parameter is determined, such as detonation pressure, quick-fried temperature, action time and the energy for passing to periphery rock mass.Rock mass is to this with the time
The kinetic reaction of the high amplitude stress wave of variation is more complicated, this is firstly because most of rock relevant to strain rate is dynamic
Research on Mechanical Properties is still not perfect, and followed by there are a large amount of joint fissures, expansion of these cracks under explosive load inside rock mass
Exhibition is regular, and we also not quite understand.
Rock fracture toughness Study on Test Method mainly uses Hopkinson compression bar impact load at present, and has developed some new
Experiment test specimen and new experimental method, to test the various intensive parameters of rock, initiation angle and crack initiation angle including rock
Deng.In addition, the material of earlier US and the structural intergrity association (ESIS) of test association (ASTM) and Europe are proposed
Charpy impact test method, the testing equipment used are pendulum and drop hammer type testing machine, and this method is simple and easy, are spent
It is few, but its loading speed is relatively low, and the loading speed of explosive load is not achieved, and the dynamic of material is calculated using quasi-static theory
Fracture toughness not can accurately reflect the real behavior of material sometimes.For pendulum loading method and Hopkinson compression bar load side
For formula, Hopkinson compression bar loading method can overcome the shortcomings of pendulum loading method, and being that one kind is ideal adds
Load mode, but SHPB equipment is unfortunately used, the size of test specimen is limited and too small, the extension row of crackle by impact bar
For the influence of tensile wave to be reflected and transmitted wave, it is unsuitable for studying the propagation behavior of crackle.
The Dynamic Fracture of rock is related with LOADING RATES, impact experiment discovery, when LOADING RATES is less than 18.85 × 104 MPa·m1/2·
s-1, the fracture toughness of rock has apparent rising with the increase of loading speed.Compared with impact load, explosive load peak value is more
Greatly, loading speed faster, scholar by rock I type crackle carried out respectively it is quasi-static, drop hammer, light-gas gun and explosion 4 kinds not
With the fracture experiment of loading speed, as a result, it has been found that explosively loading rate is far longer than impact load, the crack initiation time is shorter, therefore,
Rock fracture under research explosive load is destroyed problem and cannot be replaced using SHPB impact load, and fracture toughness can not be used
Test result replaces under impact load.
This method will the further measuring technology of further investigation fracture toughness under explosive load on this basis, including crack initiation is tough
The measuring technology of degree, extension toughness and arrest toughness, this is at home and abroad substantially or blank.Dynamic under explosive load is disconnected
Splitting toughness includes initiation angle, extension toughness and arrest toughness, they are Important Faults ginseng of the crackle in entire expansion process
Number, is one of the important topic of current dynamic rock mechanics research urgent need to resolve, while being also very important basic research, because
Can be applied to most of fragile material for this measuring technology, thus it be not only related to the various engineering structures in underground it is stable and
Various geological hazards, also to material engineering relevant to MATERIALS ' DYNAMIC destruction, impact numerous necks such as engineering and conventional Weapon
Domain all has important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
A kind of test side for being designed to provide I type crackle Dynamic Fracture Toughness under explosive load of the embodiment of the present invention
Method, and propose that new configuration is suitable for studying crack propagation velocity, the propagation behavior of loading complete process, test result is not drawn by reflection
The influence of wave and transmitted wave is stretched, the method that example of the present invention proposes is simple and feasible, can calculate the disconnected of Dynamic Crack complete process of fracture
Split toughness.
The embodiment of the present invention realizes that process is as follows, and the model that this test method uses is large scale inside list Crack Disk sample,
By be placed at blasthole 8#Detonator carries out explosively loading to sample, and precrack present in disk test specimen is to pass through with blasthole
Logical, detonation gas does not influence the crack initiation of crack tip with propagation behavior substantially.Stress wave is from blasthole after explosive charge
Place propagates to crack tip, and the extension of crackle is recorded in crackle crack initiation, extension by the crack propagation meter on crack propagation path
Process, the Loaded contact analysis for the foil gauge record stress wave that blasthole is nearby pasted.Shown by CS-1D high dynamic strain indicator and DS1104
The foil gauge electric signal measured, is converted to pressure value, brings finite element program by wave device overlapped data collection system, is based on position
Extrapolation is moved, the Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors of crack tip during dynamic expansion is calculated, draws to obtain Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors
Time-history curves, and the voltage step signal measured according to crack propagation obtains the crack propagation moment in dynamic expansion, thus
It determines the initiation angle in crack propagation process, extend the Dynamic Fracture Toughness parameter such as toughness and arrest toughness.
In short, I type crackle Dynamic Fracture Toughness test method includes the following steps under the explosive load：
The first step, using Crack Disk sample single inside the large scale exclusively for experimental design, material is sandstone；Specimen size
For：A=100 mm, r=3.5 mm, R=250 mm, specimen thickness B=20 mm, foil gauge and blasthole distance h1 = h2
=30 mm, elasticity modulus 12.5GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.26；Density p=2.350 g/cm3, tensile strength sigmat = 30MPa。
Second step, Exploding test use 8#Detonator carries out explosion, and detonator is placed on blasthole center, and uses the super dynamic electric of CS-1D
It hinders deformeter and DS1104 oscillograph and carries out data acquisition, the sample frequency of high dynamic strain indicator is 10 MHz, i.e. 1 μ s can be with
10 data points are collected, the fracture moment of crackle is by pasting crack propagation meter (crack at specimen crack tip
Propagation gauge, abbreviation CPG) first break signal of record determine.When crack tip crack initiation, CPG's
1st sensitive grid is pulled off, its resistance is caused to increase, and is caused CPG both end voltage to increase suddenly and is generated plateau voltage signal, shows
Crackle starts crack initiation, extension, continues to extend with crackle, and the remaining sensitive grid of CPG is pulled off one by one, and resistance is gradually increased,
It causes its both end voltage signal to be gradually increased, generates each plateau voltage signal.In this way, the every extension of Dynamic Crack is primary,
Its extension moment is just recorded.
It can be seen from the foregoing, by data collection system, collected crack propagation meter voltage signal is change in ladder shape
Curve, the appearance of each step represents the fracture of certain root sensitive grid, by voltage signal to time derivation, the extreme value of derivative
Moment be crack propagation so far root sensitive grid at the time of, at the time of first derivative extreme value corresponds to be the crackle crack initiation moment, note
Fort i , it is the crack propagation moment at the time of derivative extreme value later corresponds to, is denoted ast p , at the time of the last one derivative extreme value corresponds to
For the crackle crack arrest moment, it is denoted ast a ；By finite element numerical software for calculation, 1 is established:1 numerical model, the reality that experiment is obtained
Border material parameter and pressure time-process load curve bring numerical software into, stress intensity factor time-history curves are obtained, when passing through fracture
It carvest i 、t p Andt a It can determine dynamic initiation angle, the extension dynamic fracture parameters such as toughness and arrest toughness of Dynamic Crack.
Test proposed by the present invention uses experiment-numerical method, firstly, being determined by strain signal that data collection system obtains
The Explosive stress wave load that sample is born, the crack propagation meter that precrack tip is pasted determine the extension moment of Dynamic Crack,
1 is established using finite element program ABAQUS:1 mathematical calculation model, and the load curve Input Software that will be obtained, wherein test specimen ruler
Very little, material parameter and constitutive relation etc. are consistent with test.Calculating for specimen crack tip Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors uses
ABAQUS implicit dynamic analysis numerical method module is solved, crack tip use 6 node triangular element CPS6, and its
His region then uses 8 Node Quadrilateral Element unit CPS8, and load time step-length is set as 0.5 μ s, since the crackle of CPG monitoring is complete
Full extension takes around 137 μ s, therefore 400 loads are arranged altogether and walk, totally 200 μ s.Crackle is considered as ideal sharp crack, it is right
Crack tip grid is partitioned into step refining, prevents the singularity of crack tip stress field from calculating Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors
Precision generates error.Crack surface particle displacement is recorded, utilizes displacement extrapolation techniques, it may be determined that the dynamic stress of test specimen I type crackle is strong
The factor is spent, crackle crack initiation moment, extension moment and crack arrest moment corresponding Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors value, as material is dynamic
State initiation angle, dynamic expansion toughness and dynamic arrest toughness.It is above-mentioned that I type crackle Dynamic Fracture is tough as under explosive load
Degree test new method.Test specimen in the present invention is easy to process, and experimentation is simple and clear, and test procedure is easily operated, is grinding
Study carefully rock has very strong advantage on the dynamic response and fracture characteristics under explosive load.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the I type crackle Dynamic Fracture Toughness test method flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention under explosive load；
Fig. 2 is the test specimen provided in an embodiment of the present invention with precrack --- single Crack Disk sample inside large scale；
Fig. 3 is explosion test loading device schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is data collection system schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the crack propagation meter and its paste position schematic diagram at crack tip provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is after crack propagation meter provided in an embodiment of the present invention measurement data acquisition process and the extension momentt p Schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the typical damage ideograph of sample provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the load time-history curves schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention for acting on test specimen；
Fig. 9 is crack tip coordinate provided in an embodiment of the present invention and 1/4 node singular elements schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is the AUTODYN simulation model schematic diagram of sample provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is experimental result provided in an embodiment of the present invention and AUTODYN analog result comparison diagram；
Figure 12 is Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors time-history curves schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention are legibly explained in order to be more clear, it is right below in conjunction with embodiment
Implementation process of the present invention is comprehensively illustrated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention,
It is not intended to limit the present invention.
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment is further described application principle of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, test method of I type crackle dynamic arrest toughness under explosive load of the embodiment of the present invention includes following step
Suddenly：
Step1：Using Crack Disk sample single inside large scale, pass through 8#Blasting cap detonation experimental provision is realized to the quick-fried of sample
Fried load, to complete to test；
Step2：The voltage signal measured is converted into pressure value, input ABAQUS finite element software can according to displacement extrapolation techniques
It is corresponding disconnected to obtain crackle further according to crack propagation meter for the Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors time-history curves for calculating sample crack tip
The moment is split, determines its Dynamic Fracture Toughness value.
The working principle of the invention：
The present invention is using Crack Disk sample single inside large scale, using 8#Blasting cap detonation experimental provision realizes the explosion to sample
Load, passes through the propagation behavior of the crack propagation meter timely monitor Dynamic Crack of crack tip.Oscillograph and super dynamic will be passed through
Deformeter overlapped the collected strain signal of data collection system is converted to pressure time-process curve, it is soft to substitute into ABAQUS finite element
Part is calculated the Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors of sample based on displacement extrapolation techniques, then determines that Dynamic Fracture is tough by the crack fracture moment
Degree, is finally completed this whole flow process of the test method of I type crackle Dynamic Fracture Toughness under explosive load.
Specific embodiments of the present invention process：
The first step, the present invention is using Crack Disk sample single inside specially designed large scale, as shown in Fig. 2, test specimen is sandstone
Material, specimen size are：A=100 mm, r=3.5 mm, R=250 mm, specimen thickness B=20 mm, foil gauge and big gun
Hole distance h1 = h2=30 mm, elasticity modulus 12.5GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.26；Density p=2.350 g/cm3, tensile strength
σt= 30MPa；It is noted that the fracture toughness tested in the present invention refers to crackle from crack initiation to extension again to crack arrest process
In toughness values.
Second step, using 8#Blasting cap detonation experimental provision, experimental provision using the data of system support as shown in figure 3, and acquired
System carries out data acquisition, and data collection system is as shown in Figure 4.Sample frequency is 10MHz, i.e. 1 μ s acquires 10 data points,
By being pasted on the collected electric signal of crack propagation meter at precrack tip at the time of the fracture process of crackle and its fracture
It determines, concrete principle is, when crack tip crack initiation, be pasted onto the 1st sensitive grid of crack propagation meter at precrack tip
It is pulled off, as shown in figure 5, its resistance is caused to increase, causes crack propagation meter both end voltage to increase suddenly and generate plateau voltage letter
Number, showing that crackle starts crack initiation, extension, continues to extend with crackle, the remaining sensitive grid of crack propagation meter is pulled off one by one,
Resistance is gradually increased, its both end voltage signal is caused to be gradually increased, and generates each plateau voltage signal.In this way, dynamic is split
The every extension of line is primary, and the extension moment is just recorded.
It from the foregoing, is the curve of a change in ladder shape, sensitive grid by the collected voltage signal of data collection system
Fracture will lead to the variation of voltage signal phase step type, as shown in fig. 6, by voltage signal to time derivation, when the extreme value of derivative
Carve be crack propagation so far root sensitive grid at the time of, at the time of first derivative extreme value correspond to be the crackle crack initiation moment, be denoted ast i , it is the crack propagation moment at the time of derivative extreme value later corresponds to, is denoted ast p , the last one derivative extreme value is at the time of correspondence
It at the crackle crack arrest moment, is denoted ast a ；By finite element numerical software for calculation, 1 is established:1 numerical model, the reality that experiment is obtained
Material parameter and pressure time-process load curve bring numerical software into, obtain stress intensity factor time-history curves, by being broken the momentt i 、t p Andt a It can determine dynamic initiation angle, the extension dynamic fracture parameters such as toughness and arrest toughness of Dynamic Crack.
Fig. 7 show test specimen typical damage mode, it can be seen that crackle linearly extends substantially, due to the heterogeneity of sandstone itself
Property, there are certain deviations, but in the detection range of crack propagation meter, belong to typical I type crack propagation and destroy.The present invention
It is main it is to be tested be the Dynamic Crack fracture moment fracture toughness, this test result is I type crackle Dynamic Fracture Toughness.
Third step, numerical simulation calculation：
Example of the present invention is calculated using experiment-numerical method, and principle is to obtain the fracture of Loaded contact analysis and determination by experiment
Time, and then test gained Loaded contact analysis is input in finite element software ABAQUS and carries out numerical simulation calculation, it can be moved
State stress intensity factor time-history curves, while Dynamic Crack fracture toughness is further obtained according to rupture time.
Calculate Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors：
Using 8#Blasting cap detonation experimental provision experimental provision carries out Dynamic Fracture experiment, and it is attached to acquire blasthole by data collection system
The radial direction closely pasted, hoop strain piece signal import data processing software Origin and carry out data processing, and then can must explode and answer
The on-load pressure time-history curves of ReebP(t)：
Wherein, E dFor the dynamic modulus of elasticity,v dFor dynamic Poisson's ratio.The strain that radial strain piece measures is er, hoop strain piece
The strain measured is ec, wherein being positive with stretching strain, compressive strain is negative.By formula (1), the pressure wave for acting on sample can be obtained
Shape figure, as shown in Figure 8.
According to theory of dynamic fracture mechanics, the displacement field in the direction y can be written as near I type crack tip in Fig. 9：
Wherein：
Under plane strain condition, the opening displacement of crackle can indicate u (r ,+π, t)-u (r ,-π, t), by formula（2）It can obtain：
Wherein,By formula（3）The opening displacement at crack surfaces point, which can be obtained, is：
Formula（2）Used polar coordinates and 1/4 node singular elements around crackle as shown in figure 9, use the unusual list of 1/4 node
The singularity of member description crack tip stress field and strain field, sample are in plane strain state.If node A on crack surface, B, O
Stress intensity factor be respectivelyK IA (t),K IB (t),K IO (t), whereinK IO (t) it is the stress intensity factor value split at pointK I
(t), from the relationship in Fig. 9r OB = 4r OA , can must split sharp stress intensity factor calculation formula is：
According to formula（4）, can be by formula（5）It is written as,
The present invention is simulated using finite element difference software AUTODYN simultaneously, and the finite element model of sample is as shown in Figure 10.Mould
Quasi- result is almost the same with experimental result, and comparison diagram is as shown in figure 11.Then Crack Tip is calculated using finite element software ABAQUS
Stress intensity factor at end, uses 6 node triangular elements at crack tip, remaining whole uses 8 Node Quadrilateral Element lists
Member, material parameter and moulded dimension have been given above.
By in the pressure time-process curve input finite element software in Fig. 8, it is based on formula（6）The I type at the moment can be calculated to move
State stress intensity factor.
Calculated result：
It as shown in figure 12, is sample Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors time-history curves, the crackle Dynamic Fracture that we are tested herein is tough
It spends, curve exists in as Figure 11t i 、t p Andt a Moment corresponding stress intensity factor value：
Whereint i 、t p Andt a It is the crack initiation moment, extension moment and crack arrest moment of Dynamic Crack, loading speedFor crackle
Dynamic initiation angle and the crackle crack initiation time ratio, i.e.,：
According to the above method, the Dynamic Fracture Toughness toughness of this group of test specimen is finally obtainedAnd its loading speedIt is averaged
Value is listed in Table 1 below.
1 sample mean Dynamic Fracture Toughness of table and average loading speed：
It above are only example preferred embodiment process of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all in the spirit and principles in the present invention
Within made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the invention is the test method based on the I type crackle Dynamic Fracture Toughness under explosive load.The method be characterized in that sharp
With Crack Disk sample single inside large scale, using 8 be placed at blasthole#Detonator carries out explosively loading to sample, passes through number
It is counted according to the Explosive stress wave electric signal that acquisition system and the radial direction being pasted onto around blasthole, hoop strain piece measure, and after passing through
Voltage value is converted into pressure value according to processing software；Experiment is obtained into pressure time-process curve and imports finite element program ABAQUS, if
It sets the parameters such as sample dimensions, material parameter and constitutive relation and establishes 1:1 numerical model；Data are calculated according to numerical software, are used
Displacement extrapolation techniques calculate the Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors of sample prefabricated crack tip, i.e., according to the displacement in I type crackle near field with answer
The relationship of power intensity factor：Arrangement obtains stress intensity factor and splits
The relationship of the relative displacement of line tip particle：It will calculate
Stress intensity factor be depicted as time-history curves, further according in experiment crack propagation meter record the crack fracture moment, determine I type
The Dynamic Fracture Toughness of crackle.
2. as described in the appended claim 1, the I type crackle Dynamic Fracture Toughness test method under explosive load, I under the explosive load
Type crackle Dynamic Fracture Toughness test method includes the following steps：
The first step, the present invention is using Crack Disk sample single inside specially designed large scale, as shown in Fig. 2, test specimen is sandstone
Material, specimen size are：A=100mm, r=3.5mm, R=250mm, specimen thickness B=20mm, foil gauge and blasthole distance h1
=h2=30mm, elasticity modulus 12.5GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.26；Density p=2.350g/cm3, tensile strength sigmat=30MPa；It needs to infuse
It anticipates, the fracture toughness tested in the present invention refers to crackle from crack initiation to extension again to the toughness values during crack arrest.
Second step, using 8#Blasting cap detonation experimental provision, experimental provision is as shown in figure 3, and acquire system using the data of system support
System carries out data acquisition, and data collection system is as shown in Figure 4.Sample frequency is 10MHz, i.e. 1 μ s acquires 10 data points, crackle
Fracture process and its at the time of fracture by being pasted on the collected electric signal of crack propagation meter at precrack tip come really
Fixed, concrete principle is, when crack tip crack initiation, the 1st sensitive grid of crack propagation meter for being pasted onto precrack tip is drawn
It is disconnected, as shown in figure 5, its resistance is caused to increase, causes crack propagation meter both end voltage to increase suddenly and generate plateau voltage signal, table
Bright crackle starts crack initiation, extension, continues to extend with crackle, the remaining sensitive grid of crack propagation meter is pulled off one by one, resistance
It is gradually increased, its both end voltage signal is caused to be gradually increased, generate each plateau voltage signal.In this way, Dynamic Crack is every
Extension is primary, and the extension moment is just recorded.
It from the foregoing, is the curve of a change in ladder shape, sensitive grid by the collected voltage signal of data collection system
Fracture will lead to the variation of voltage signal phase step type, as shown in fig. 6, by voltage signal to time derivation, when the extreme value of derivative
Carve be crack propagation so far root sensitive grid at the time of, at the time of first derivative extreme value correspond to be the crackle crack initiation moment, be denoted as
ti, it is the crack propagation moment at the time of derivative extreme value later corresponds to, is denoted as tp, the last one derivative extreme value is at the time of correspondence
At the crackle crack arrest moment, it is denoted as ta；By finite element numerical software for calculation, 1 is established:1 numerical model, the reality that experiment is obtained
Material parameter and pressure time-process load curve bring numerical software into, obtain stress intensity factor time-history curves, by being broken the moment
ti、tpAnd taIt can determine dynamic initiation angle, the extension dynamic fracture parameters such as toughness and arrest toughness of Dynamic Crack.
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