CN115791460B - Sensor for crack propagation speed of internal blasting of rock material and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Sensor for crack propagation speed of internal blasting of rock material and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sensor for the propagation speed of explosion cracks in rock materials and a testing method thereof, wherein the sensor comprises a substrate, enameled wires and DuPont wires; the substrate is made of mica sheets, the shape of the substrate is a plurality of concentric rings nested on the same plane, and the rings are fixed through connecting bridges; the surface of each circle of circular ring is adhered with an enameled wire along the ring body, and the two side ends of all enameled wires are led to the trunk connecting bridge; the surface of the trunk connecting bridge is adhered with a plurality of DuPont wires along the bridge body, and the DuPont wires respectively complete the electric connection between the enameled wires and the external explosion velocity instrument; when the rock model is manufactured, the blast hole prefabricated member and the sensor are packaged into the rock model; and in the blasting test, calculating the expansion speed of the rock blasting cracks among enamelled wires according to the distance between the enamelled wires and the breaking time difference. The sensor is used for acquiring the blasting crack data from the inside of the rock model, and is simple, convenient and high in accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering blasting, in particular to a sensor for the propagation speed of internal blasting cracks of rock materials and a testing method thereof.
Background
The blasting is mainly applied to earth and stone excavation of projects such as mines, railways, buildings and the like. During blasting, cracks in the rock body are generated and spread, which means that the overall properties of the material are changed. Crack growth is the basic process of destruction, and in order to study the rock blasting mechanism, the blast crack growth rule must be studied. The explosion crack propagation speed is taken as a parameter reflecting the explosion energy, is an important content for researching the explosion rule of rock mass and crack propagation, and is also a basic parameter for material damage in solid mechanics (fracture mechanics).
However, the explosion cracks of the rock mass are expanded around the blast hole as the center, are performed in the rock material and blocked by confining pressure loading equipment, so that the expansion detection of the internal explosion cracks is very difficult. The existing blast crack propagation test technology, such as high-speed photography, DIC (digital image correlation method) and the like, is only effective for surface cracks of test blocks, and cannot be used for internal blast crack propagation. Therefore, it is necessary to find a low-cost and reliable sensor and a testing method for the crack growth rate of the internal blasting of rock materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel sensor, wherein a plurality of circles of enameled wires are fixed on a mica sheet, and the explosion crack propagation speed is measured through the fracture time difference of the enameled wires during explosion, so that the problem that the explosion crack propagation detection in a rock model is difficult is solved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the sensor for the crack propagation speed of the internal blasting of the rock material comprises a substrate, an enameled wire and a DuPont wire; the substrate is made of mica sheets, the shape of the substrate is a plurality of concentric rings nested on the same plane, and the rings are fixed through three connecting bridges forming an included angle of 120 degrees with each other; the connecting bridge is divided into a trunk connecting bridge and a branch connecting bridge, and the trunk connecting bridge is slightly wider than the branch connecting bridge; the surface of each circle of circular ring is adhered with an enameled wire along the ring body, and the two side ends of all enameled wires are led to the trunk connecting bridge; the surface of the trunk connecting bridge is adhered with a plurality of DuPont wires along the bridge body, and the DuPont wires respectively complete the electric connection between the enameled wires and the external explosion velocity instrument.
Preferably, the enameled wire is a copper wire with the diameter of 0.1mm, and the distances between the enameled wire and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the circular ring are equal.
Preferably, adjacent rings of the substrate are equally spaced.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a test method of the sensor for the internal explosion crack propagation speed of the rock material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a sensor; determining the geometric dimension of the sensor, the number of enamelled wire rings and the spacing of the enamelled wires according to the dimension of the rock model, and completing the manufacture of the sensor;
s2, rock model manufacturing; packaging the blast hole prefabricated member and the sensor sleeved on the blast hole prefabricated member into the rock model in the casting process of the rock model, and leading out the opening of the blast hole prefabricated member and the DuPont line joint of the sensor from the rock model; curing under standard conditions after casting is completed, and removing the mould to obtain a rock model after the rock model aggregate is solidified;
s3, connecting and testing a sensor; electrically connecting the DuPont wire of the sensor with a detonation velocity meter, and checking the circuit conduction condition of each circle of enameled wires;
s4, explosive placement and confining pressure setting; filling explosive into the blast hole prefabricated member and blocking, then applying confining pressure to the rock model through confining pressure loading equipment, and opening a detonation velocity meter;
s5, blasting; detonating explosive, and collecting signal time of the broken enameled wire by a detonation velocity meter;
s6, calculating the speed; under the condition that the distance between enamelled wires is known, the signal moment of each enamelled wire break is calculated, so that the propagation speed of the rock burst crack between the two enamelled wires is obtained.
Preferably, in step S1, in order to facilitate arranging the enameled wire and the dupont wire on the sensor substrate, the positions of the enameled wire and the dupont wire may be calibrated on the sensor substrate in advance; in order to prevent the sensor substrate from being damaged, the enameled wire and the DuPont wire can be connected and fixed at first, and then the sensor substrate is cut and hollowed out; to reduce the impact of the sensor substrate on the strength of the rock model, the surface area of the sensor substrate should be as small as possible.
Preferably, the specific process of step S2 is as follows: vertically arranging a blast hole prefabricated member at the center of the rock, and then injecting rock model aggregate into a rock mould until the injection volume reaches one half of the mould volume; leveling the surface of rock model aggregate, sleeving the sensor into the blast hole prefabricated member and spreading the sensor on the surface of the rock model aggregate, and simultaneously leading the Dupont wire out of the rock mould; injecting the rest rock model aggregate into the rock mold until the rock mold is filled, and leveling the surface of the rock model aggregate; and removing the rock mold after the rock model aggregate fully plays a physical and chemical reaction, so as to obtain the rock model.
The sensor with the structure is used for acquiring the blasting crack data from the inside of the rock model, and has the advantages of feasible technology, low cost and high experimental accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the enamel wire and the DuPont wire according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a sensor testing method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention uses mica sheets, enamelled wires and DuPont wires to manufacture the sensor for the internal explosion crack propagation speed of rock materials, and can calculate the internal explosion crack propagation speed by matching with a explosion speed instrument.
Example 1
According to the embodiment, according to the actual requirement of a certain blasting experiment, the sensor for the propagation speed of the blasting crack in the rock material is manufactured.
As shown in fig. 1, the material of the substrate 1 is a mica sheet having a thickness of 0.2mm, and is easily broken by brittle fracture by the propagation of a blast crack. Drawing an arrangement path of the enameled wires 3 on the mica sheet by using compasses, wherein six circles of enameled wires 3 are equidistantly arranged, the distance between every two adjacent enameled wires 3 is 20.0mm, and the radius of the arrangement path of each circle of enameled wires 3 is 40.0mm, 60.0mm, 80.0mm, 100.0mm, 120.0mm and 140.0mm respectively. Drawing the outline of the substrate 1 by using pencils and compasses on the basis of the path of the enameled wire 3. Mica sheets within 5.0mm of each enamelled wire 3 are reserved to form a circular ring for later bearing and fixing the enamelled wires 3.
And drawing a straight line 41, 42 and 43 penetrating through the substrate 1 from inside to outside at intervals of 120 degrees by taking the circle center as an origin. Wherein mica sheets within 10.0mm of each of the straight lines 43 are to be reserved; mica flakes within 5.0mm of each of the lines 41, 42 will remain. The retained mica sheet portions form a trunk connecting bridge 21 and branch connecting bridges 22, 23, respectively, to play a role of fixing the base 1 and maintaining the distance between the enamel wires 3. Wherein the trunk connection bridge 21 is wider, the dupont wire 5 will be arranged on its surface.
And (3) fixing the enameled wire 3 and the DuPont wire 5 by using AB glue, and sealing the electric connection part of the enameled wire 3 and the DuPont wire. As shown in fig. 2, both ends of the enamel wire 31 are connected to dupont wires 51a and 51b, respectively; both ends of the enamelled wire 32 are respectively connected with dupont wires 52a and 52 b; both ends of the enamelled wire 33 are respectively connected with dupont wires 53a and 53 b; both ends of the enamelled wire 34 are respectively connected with dupont wires 54a and 54 b; both ends of the enamelled wire 35 are respectively connected with DuPont wires 55a and 55 b; the ends of the enamel wire 36 are connected to dupont wires 56a, 56b, respectively.
After the glue fully plays a role in cementing, the mica sheet is processed, the remaining part of the mica sheet is cut except for the part of the mica sheet which needs to be reserved, and the crack propagation speed sensor for the internal blasting of the rock material is obtained.
Example two
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment is a test method of a sensor for the propagation speed of explosion cracks in a rock material in a certain explosion experiment, and the test method mainly comprises the steps of sensor manufacturing, rock model manufacturing, sensor connection and test, explosive placement and confining pressure setting, explosion, speed calculation and the like.
And (3) manufacturing a sensor: this part is detailed in the first embodiment, and will not be described here again.
And (3) rock model manufacturing: using a concrete casting rock model, wherein the mass fraction ratio of each component of concrete is cement: quartz sand: water = 1.00:1.80:0.55. in this example, 425# Portland cement was used. The internal dimensions of the rock mold are 300.0mm multiplied by 300.0mm, the center of the bottom of the mold is preset with a hollow PVC circular tube (namely a blast hole prefabrication member) with the radius of 10.0mm and the length of 320.0mm, and the distance between the bottom of the PVC circular tube and the bottom of the rock mold is 100.0mm, so that the function of prefabricating the blast hole is achieved. And fully mixing the components of the rock model, and uniformly stirring to form the rock model aggregate. Rock model aggregate is injected into a rock mould until the injection volume reaches half of the volume of the mould, and the rock model aggregate interface is leveled and tiled into a sensor. The sensor is sleeved on the periphery of the PVC round tube, and the DuPont wire is led out of the rock die, so that the DuPont wire joint is prevented from being covered when aggregate is injected subsequently. And filling the rock mold with the rest rock model aggregate, and removing the rock mold to obtain the rock model after the rock model aggregate fully plays a physical and chemical reaction.
Sensor connection and test: the DuPont wire is connected with a detonation velocity meter, and the on-off condition of the wire of each circle of enameled wire is detected.
Explosive placement and confining pressure setting: explosive is arranged in a PVC circular tube, the blocking length is 100.0mm, the blocking material is bar planting glue, and the explosive is detonated by using an 8# electric detonator. After the explosive is blocked, confining pressure loading is carried out (confining pressure can be set according to the requirement or can be omitted). And opening the explosion velocity instrument, and evacuating the personnel to the outside of the safe distance.
Blasting: detonating the explosive. The expansion crack caused by explosion causes the enameled wire at the corresponding position to break. The explosion velocity instrument records the breaking moment of the enameled wire.
And (3) calculating the speed: and calculating the time difference of the explosion velocity instrument for receiving the enamelled wire fracture signal by knowing the distance between the enamelled wires, and obtaining the expansion velocity of the rock explosion crack between the two enamelled wires.
In summary, the invention provides a reliable method for testing the internal explosion crack propagation speed of rock materials, which has important significance for researching the internal crack propagation rule of the rock under the explosion condition.
The foregoing is a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention, and the scope is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The sensor for the crack propagation speed of the internal blasting of the rock material is characterized by comprising a substrate, an enameled wire and a DuPont wire; the substrate is made of mica sheets, the center of the inner side of the substrate is of a hollow structure, the outer side of the substrate is provided with a plurality of concentric rings which are nested on the same plane, and the rings are fixed through three connecting bridges which form an included angle of 120 degrees with each other; the surface of each circle of circular ring is adhered with an enameled wire along the ring body, and the two side ends of all enameled wires are led to the trunk connecting bridge; the surface of the trunk connecting bridge is adhered with a plurality of DuPont wires along the bridge body, and the DuPont wires respectively complete the electric connection between the enameled wires and the external explosion velocity instrument; the spacing between adjacent rings of the substrate is the same.
2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the enameled wire is a copper wire with a diameter of 0.1mm, and the enameled wire is equidistant from the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the ring.
3. A method of testing a rock-type material internal blast crack propagation velocity sensor according to claim 1, comprising:
s1, manufacturing a sensor; determining the geometric dimension of the sensor, the number of enamelled wire rings and the spacing of the enamelled wires according to the dimension of the rock model, and completing the manufacture of the sensor;
s2, rock model manufacturing; packaging the blast hole prefabricated member and the sensor sleeved on the blast hole prefabricated member into the rock model in the casting process of the rock model, and leading out the opening of the blast hole prefabricated member and the DuPont line joint of the sensor from the rock model; after the rock model aggregate is solidified, removing the mould to obtain a rock model;
the specific process of step S2 is as follows: vertically arranging a blast hole prefabricated member at the center of the rock, and then injecting rock model aggregate into a rock mould until the injection volume reaches one half of the mould volume;
leveling the surface of rock model aggregate, sleeving the sensor into the blast hole prefabricated member and spreading the sensor on the surface of the rock model aggregate, and simultaneously leading the Dupont wire out of the rock mould; injecting the rest rock model aggregate into the rock mold until the rock mold is filled, and leveling the surface of the rock model aggregate; removing the rock mold after the rock model aggregate fully plays a physical and chemical reaction to obtain a rock model;
s3, connecting and testing a sensor; electrically connecting the DuPont wire of the sensor with a detonation velocity meter, and checking the circuit conduction condition of each circle of enameled wires;
s4, explosive placement and confining pressure setting; filling explosive into the blast hole prefabricated member and blocking, then applying confining pressure to the rock model through confining pressure loading equipment, and opening a detonation velocity meter;
s5, blasting; detonating explosive, and collecting signal time of the broken enameled wire by a detonation velocity meter;
s6, calculating the speed; under the condition that the distance between enamelled wires is known, the signal moment of each enamelled wire break is calculated, so that the propagation speed of the rock burst crack between the two enamelled wires is obtained.
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