CN115466953A - Laser cladding layer thickness detection method - Google Patents
Laser cladding layer thickness detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115466953A CN115466953A CN202211237464.5A CN202211237464A CN115466953A CN 115466953 A CN115466953 A CN 115466953A CN 202211237464 A CN202211237464 A CN 202211237464A CN 115466953 A CN115466953 A CN 115466953A
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 62
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the thickness of a laser cladding layer, which comprises the following steps: several standard blocks were prepared: manufacturing a plurality of standard sample blocks with different thicknesses of cladding layers by adopting the same base material, the same cladding powder and the same process parameters as those of workpieces in batch production; and (3) detecting the chemical composition of the surface of the cladding layer: detecting the content of key chemical components on the surface of the cladding layer of each standard sample block by using a portable spectrometer; preparing a chemical composition-cladding thickness relation curve chart: establishing a coordinate system by taking the key chemical component content and the cladding layer thickness as horizontal and vertical coordinates, and fitting a plurality of coordinate points into a chemical component-cladding thickness relation curve chart; detecting the thickness of a workpiece cladding layer: and detecting the content of the key chemical components on the surface of the cladding layer of the workpiece by using a portable spectrometer, and finding out the corresponding thickness on a chemical component-cladding thickness relation curve chart according to the detected content of the key chemical components, namely the thickness of the cladding layer of the workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a surface treatment detection method, in particular to a laser cladding layer thickness detection method.
Background
The laser cladding technology is widely applied to hydraulic support cylinders at present, and is characterized in that a corrosion-resistant/wear-resistant alloy coating (iron-based stainless steel alloy powder is generally applied in the industry at present) is cladded on the surface of a workpiece substrate by a high-energy-density laser beam, the cladding layer is compact in structure, fine in grain, high in hardness, good in wear resistance and strong in corrosion resistance, the surface performance of the workpiece is obviously improved, and the service life of the workpiece is obviously prolonged.
In the cladding process, under the influence of stress and heat input, a workpiece is easy to bend, and after turning → grinding → polishing, the thickness of a cladding layer on the surface of the workpiece is uneven, a substrate can be completely exposed when the thickness is serious, and the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of a finished product of the workpiece are reduced due to uneven thickness, so that the thickness is an important index for detecting the quality of a laser cladding layer.
For the traditional oil cylinder which adopts an electroplated layer (a non-magnetic coating) and a paint film layer for surface protection, a thickness gauge based on a magnetic induction principle can be adopted to measure the thickness of a surface protection layer. However, the laser cladding layer is made of iron-based stainless steel powder, the iron content of the powder is more than 70%, and the powder has magnetism, so that the thickness of the laser cladding layer cannot be directly detected by using the conventional thickness gauge.
Because the product is required to be damaged by the test method, the method cannot be applied to industrial mass production, so that the thickness of the laser cladding layer cannot be detected during mass production, the quality is not easy to control, and once a problem occurs, the service life of a large batch of workpieces in the mine service process is greatly shortened.
In order to solve the above problems, people always seek an ideal technical solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for detecting the thickness of a laser cladding layer, which can conveniently and efficiently detect the thickness of the laser cladding layer on the surface layer of a workpiece without damaging the workpiece and can be suitable for mass production of the workpiece.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a laser cladding layer thickness detection method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a plurality of standard sample blocks: manufacturing a plurality of standard sample blocks with different thicknesses of cladding layers by adopting the same base material, the same cladding powder and the same process parameters as those of workpieces in batch production; (2) detection of chemical composition of the surface of the cladding layer: detecting the content of key chemical components on the surface of the cladding layer of each standard sample block by adopting a portable spectrometer; (3) preparing a chemical composition-cladding thickness relation curve chart: establishing a coordinate system by taking the key chemical component content and the cladding layer thickness as horizontal and vertical coordinates, marking coordinate points corresponding to each standard sample block data in the coordinate system, and fitting a plurality of coordinate points into a chemical component-cladding thickness relation curve chart; and (4) detecting the thickness of a workpiece cladding layer: and detecting the content of the key chemical components on the surface of the cladding layer of the workpiece by adopting a portable spectrometer, and finding out the corresponding thickness on the chemical component-cladding thickness relation curve chart according to the detected content of the key chemical components, namely the thickness of the cladding layer of the workpiece.
Based on the above, the cladding layer is made of iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the key chemical components are Cr and Ni.
Based on the above, step (1) includes the following substeps: cladding on a whole substrate sample plate by adopting the same substrate, the same cladding powder and the same process parameters as those of the batch production of workpieces; cutting the whole substrate sample plate after cladding into a plurality of cladding sample blocks by wire cutting equipment; and grinding the cladding layers of the plurality of cladding sample blocks, and grinding the surface roughness to Ra of less than or equal to 0.2 to obtain a plurality of standard sample blocks with different cladding layer thicknesses.
Based on the above, 13 standard sample blocks's cladding layer thickness is 0mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm, 0.5mm, 0.55mm, 0.6mm respectively, in the manufacture, adopt metallographic microscope to measure the actual thickness of cladding layer cross-section, ensure that the thickness is accurate.
Based on the above, in step (2), different positions of each standard sample block are tested for multiple times, and an average value is obtained to serve as the content of the key chemical component.
Based on the above, the workpiece is a hydraulic support oil cylinder.
Based on the above, in the step (4), the front, middle and rear positions of the workpiece are selected as detection positions, and the portable spectrometer is used for detecting the peripheral surfaces of the three detection positions to obtain the thicknesses of the cladding layers of the detection positions in different directions.
Compared with the prior art, the method has prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and specifically, the principle of measuring the thickness of the cladding layer is as follows:
in the laser cladding process, the iron-based stainless steel alloy powder undergoes the processes of melting, condensation and crystallization after being irradiated by laser on the surface of a matrix, cladding materials and the matrix materials are fused together, and the joint reaches metallurgical bonding and forms a fusion line; thus, the closer the cladding layer is to the substrate direction (the thinner the cladding layer is), the lower the content of elements such as Cr, ni and the like around the fusion line is, and the closer the cladding layer is to the outer surface direction (the thicker the cladding layer is), the content of elements such as Cr, ni and the like is gradually increased; therefore, the thickness of the cladding layer is positively correlated with the content of elements such as Cr, ni and the like on the surface of the cladding layer.
According to the invention, by utilizing the principle, a plurality of standard sample blocks with different thicknesses of cladding layers are manufactured by adopting the same base material, the same cladding powder and the same process parameters as those of workpieces in batch production, so that the conditions of the standard sample blocks and the workpieces in batch production are consistent, and the front data and the rear data can be mutually corresponding; measuring the contents of Cr and Ni elements on the surfaces of cladding layers with different thicknesses by a portable spectrometer, establishing a coordinate system, marking coordinate points corresponding to a plurality of groups of data in the coordinate system, and fitting into a chemical composition-cladding thickness relation curve chart; and then, during the batch production of the workpieces, the content of Cr and Ni elements on the surface of the cladding layer can be measured through a portable spectrometer, the thickness of the cladding layer is directly found on a chemical composition-cladding thickness relation curve chart, and a destructive test is not needed, so that the thickness of the cladding layer during the batch production of the workpieces can be conveniently monitored, and the thickness quality is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the fitted chemical composition-cladding thickness relationship in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
The invention provides a method for detecting the thickness of a laser cladding layer by taking a hydraulic support oil cylinder with the size of phi 280 x 1200mm and the material of 27SiMn as an object, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Several standard sample blocks were prepared:
cladding on a whole substrate sample plate (with the length, the width and the height of 200, 200 and 30mm) by adopting the same substrate, the same cladding powder (iron-based stainless steel alloy powder) and the same process parameters as the workpieces in batch production;
cutting the whole substrate sample plate after cladding into 13 cladding sample blocks (length, width and height are 50, 50 and 30mm) by a wire cutting device;
and grinding the cladding layers of the 13 cladding sample blocks, and grinding the surface roughness to Ra of less than or equal to 0.2 to obtain standard sample blocks with the cladding layer thicknesses of 0mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm, 0.5mm, 0.55mm and 0.6 mm.
In the manufacturing process, the actual thickness of the cross section of the cladding layer is measured by adopting a metallographic microscope, so that the accuracy of the thickness is ensured.
(2) And (3) detecting the chemical composition of the surface of the cladding layer:
and detecting the contents of key chemical components Cr and Ni elements on the surface of the cladding layer of each standard sample block by using a portable spectrometer, testing different positions of each standard sample block for multiple times in the detection process, and solving an average value as the content of the key chemical components to ensure more accurate data.
(3) Preparing a chemical composition-cladding thickness relation curve chart:
establishing a coordinate system by taking the key chemical component content and the cladding layer thickness as horizontal and vertical coordinates, marking a coordinate point corresponding to each standard sample block data in the coordinate system, and fitting a plurality of coordinate points into a chemical component-cladding thickness relation curve chart;
(4) Detecting the thickness of a workpiece cladding layer: detecting the content of key chemical components on the surface of the cladding layer of the workpiece by adopting a portable spectrometer, and finding out corresponding thickness on the chemical component-cladding thickness relation curve chart according to the detected content of the key chemical components, namely the thickness of the cladding layer of the workpiece;
during detection of the workpiece, the front position, the middle position and the rear position of the workpiece are selected as detection positions, the portable spectrometer is used for detecting the peripheral surfaces of the three detection positions to obtain the thicknesses of cladding layers of the detection positions in different directions, and therefore the thickness quality of the whole cladding layer is evaluated. For example, when the thickness of the cladding layer is between 0.4 and 0.5mm, the cladding layer is judged to be qualified.
The detection principle is as follows:
in the laser cladding process, the iron-based stainless steel alloy powder undergoes the processes of melting, condensation and crystallization after being irradiated by laser on the surface of a matrix, cladding materials and the matrix materials are fused together, and the joint reaches metallurgical bonding and forms a fusion line; thus, the closer the cladding layer is to the substrate direction (the thinner the cladding layer is), the lower the content of elements such as Cr, ni and the like around the fusion line is, and the closer the cladding layer is to the outer surface direction (the thicker the cladding layer is), the content of elements such as Cr, ni and the like is gradually increased; therefore, the thickness of the cladding layer is positively correlated with the content of elements such as Cr, ni and the like on the surface of the cladding layer.
According to the invention, through fixing the base material, the cladding powder and the process parameters, the consistency with the condition of the workpieces in batch production is ensured, so that the front data and the rear data can be mutually corresponding, a plurality of groups of data are obtained through the standard sample block, and a chemical composition-cladding thickness relation curve chart is fitted; subsequently, when workpieces are produced in batches, the content of Cr and Ni elements on the surface of the cladding layer can be measured through the portable spectrometer, the thickness of the cladding layer is directly found on a chemical composition-cladding thickness relation curve chart, destructive tests are not needed, the thickness of the cladding layer can be conveniently monitored when the workpieces are produced in batches, and the thickness quality is ensured
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications of the embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features are possible; without departing from the spirit of the invention, it is intended to cover all modifications within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A laser cladding layer thickness detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Several standard sample blocks were prepared: manufacturing a plurality of standard sample blocks with different thicknesses of cladding layers by adopting the same base material, the same cladding powder and the same process parameters as those of workpieces in batch production;
(2) And (3) detecting the chemical composition of the surface of the cladding layer: detecting the content of key chemical components on the surface of the cladding layer of each standard sample block by using a portable spectrometer;
(3) Preparing a chemical composition-cladding thickness relation curve chart: establishing a coordinate system by taking the key chemical component content and the cladding layer thickness as horizontal and vertical coordinates, marking coordinate points corresponding to each standard sample block data in the coordinate system, and fitting a plurality of coordinate points into a chemical component-cladding thickness relation curve chart;
(4) Detecting the thickness of a workpiece cladding layer: and detecting the content of the key chemical components on the surface of the cladding layer of the workpiece by using a portable spectrometer, and finding out the corresponding thickness on the chemical component-cladding thickness relation curve chart according to the detected content of the key chemical components, namely the thickness of the cladding layer of the workpiece.
2. The laser cladding layer thickness detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cladding layer adopts iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the key chemical components are Cr and Ni.
3. The laser cladding layer thickness detection method according to claim 2, wherein the step (1) includes the substeps of:
cladding on a whole substrate sample plate by adopting the same substrate, the same cladding powder and the same process parameters as those of the workpiece in batch production;
cutting the whole substrate sample plate after cladding into a plurality of cladding sample blocks by wire cutting equipment;
and grinding the cladding layers of the plurality of cladding sample blocks, and grinding the surface roughness to Ra of less than or equal to 0.2 to obtain a plurality of standard sample blocks with different cladding layer thicknesses.
4. The method for detecting the thickness of the laser cladding layer according to claim 3, wherein the thicknesses of the cladding layers of 13 standard sample blocks are respectively 0mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm, 0.5mm, 0.55mm and 0.6mm, and the actual thickness of the section of the cladding layer is measured by a metallographic microscope in the manufacturing process to ensure the accurate thickness.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (2), different positions of each standard sample block are tested for multiple times, and an average value is obtained as the content of the key chemical component.
6. The method for detecting the thickness of the laser cladding layer of claim 5, wherein the workpiece is a hydraulic support cylinder.
7. The method for detecting the thickness of the laser cladding layer according to claim 6, wherein in the step (4), the front, middle and rear three positions of the workpiece are selected as detection positions, and the portable spectrometer is used for detecting the peripheral surfaces of the three detection positions to obtain the thickness of the cladding layer of the detection positions in different directions.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10246619A (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 1998-09-14 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Measuring method for thickness of coating on ni-based or co-based alloy |
| CN109556541A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-02 | 汪诚 | A kind of metal surface alloying layer thickness non-destructive testing device and method based on X-ray |
| CN110345889A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-10-18 | 郑州大学 | A method of utilizing energy spectrum analysis non-destructive testing sample film thickness |
| CN110565042A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-12-13 | 扬州安泰威合金硬面科技有限公司 | Method for preparing nickel-based alloy powder coating by applying laser cladding technology |
| CN111276414A (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2020-06-12 | 长江存储科技有限责任公司 | Detection method and device |
| CN112342542A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-09 | 成都航空职业技术学院 | Method for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding of 316L coating of 45 steel part |
-
2022
- 2022-10-11 CN CN202211237464.5A patent/CN115466953A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10246619A (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 1998-09-14 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Measuring method for thickness of coating on ni-based or co-based alloy |
| CN109556541A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-02 | 汪诚 | A kind of metal surface alloying layer thickness non-destructive testing device and method based on X-ray |
| CN110565042A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-12-13 | 扬州安泰威合金硬面科技有限公司 | Method for preparing nickel-based alloy powder coating by applying laser cladding technology |
| CN110345889A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-10-18 | 郑州大学 | A method of utilizing energy spectrum analysis non-destructive testing sample film thickness |
| CN111276414A (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2020-06-12 | 长江存储科技有限责任公司 | Detection method and device |
| CN112342542A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-09 | 成都航空职业技术学院 | Method for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding of 316L coating of 45 steel part |
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Application publication date: 20221213 |