CN115464807B - High-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying mixed waste plastics - Google Patents

High-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying mixed waste plastics Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115464807B
CN115464807B CN202211041503.4A CN202211041503A CN115464807B CN 115464807 B CN115464807 B CN 115464807B CN 202211041503 A CN202211041503 A CN 202211041503A CN 115464807 B CN115464807 B CN 115464807B
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channel
torch
flashlight
conductive
plate
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CN115464807A (en
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黄海亮
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Anhui Qianqian New Materials Technology Co ltd
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Anhui Qianqian New Materials Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0262Specific separating techniques using electrical caracteristics
    • B29B2017/0265Electrostatic separation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrostatic separation, and discloses a high-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying mixed waste plastics, which comprises a first conductive torch and a second conductive torch which are sequentially arranged up and down, wherein the tops of the first conductive torch and the second conductive torch are fixedly provided with baffle rings, the tops of the first conductive torch and the second conductive torch are respectively and fixedly provided with a first material containing plate and a second material containing plate, and the inner side of the second conductive torch is provided with a bracket. According to the invention, through the vertical first electric guiding torch and the vertical second electric guiding torch, mixed waste plastics are firstly spread on the first material containing plate and flow into the mixing and selecting mechanism, and the tangential direction of the same type of materials is positioned in the horizontal plane when the materials are thrown out through the baffle plates, the sliding grooves and the arc plates with uniform specifications, and the materials are collected through the annular flow dividing mechanism, so that even if the throwing tangential directions are different, the materials can be finally collected at the same position according to the same throwing speed, and the collection efficiency and the purification rate are improved.

Description

High-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying mixed waste plastics
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrostatic separation, and particularly relates to a high-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying mixed waste plastics.
Background
The electrostatic separator is a device capable of separating and purifying mixed waste plastics, and is commonly used for separating broken plastic garbage, and as the mixed plastics are possibly doped with various plastics or metals of different types, the materials are accurately separated through the conductivity of different materials and the difference of electrostatic attraction force received by the different materials.
In the electrostatic separator in the prior art, the transverse conductive roller is adopted, mixed waste plastics are processed above the conductive roller for feeding, the mixed waste plastics are placed on the conductive roller, the plastics are attracted through electrostatic attraction on the conductive roller, and materials with better conductivity are thrown out through the rotation of the conductive roller, so that the purpose of separating the materials is achieved, but the doping rate of the metal materials with better conductivity and the plastic materials which are thrown forward by the transverse conductive roller is relatively high, the tangent line of the transverse conductive roller changes continuously along with the rotation of the conductive roller, and all materials of the same type cannot be thrown out in the tangential direction, so that the collected positions of the materials are different after the materials are thrown out along different tangential directions, the materials are seriously doped, and repeated sorting is needed for a plurality of times.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying mixed waste plastics, which is used for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides a handle high-voltage electrostatic separator for purification of mixed waste plastic, includes first conductive torch and the second conductive torch that set gradually from top to bottom, the top fixed mounting of first conductive torch and second conductive torch has the baffle ring, the top of first conductive torch and second conductive torch still is fixed mounting respectively and is held flitch and second flourishing flitch, the inboard of second conductive torch is provided with the support, be provided with first motor and second motor on the support, the first flourishing flitch of output shaft of first motor drives first conductive cylinder rotation, the second motor passes through gear mechanism drive second conductive cylinder rotation, the bottom of first conductive torch and second conductive torch all is provided with the reposition of redundant personnel mechanism;
the periphery array of first electric torch is provided with a plurality of groups of mixed selection mechanism that constitute by baffle, spout and arc board, baffle and arc board set up the left and right sides at the spout respectively.
Preferably, the baffle extends outwards and the eye direction is perpendicular to the tangent line of the junction of the baffle and the first conductive torch, the section of the chute is a slope, the arc plate is a concave cambered surface, and the butt joint of the rest of the chute is subjected to arc transition treatment.
Preferably, the inner side of the baffle ring is provided with a hollowed-out groove, and the hollowed-out groove is in butt joint with the top opening of the chute to form a blanking opening with uniform width.
Preferably, the inner side of the flow dividing mechanism comprises a first channel and a second channel, the first channel is positioned on the opposite inner side of the second channel and has a smaller width than the second channel, the top of the first channel is aligned with the bottom opening of the chute, and a flow guiding interlayer is abutted to the bottom of the first channel.
Preferably, the guide plate is installed on the inner side of the second channel, the guide plate is a circular plate inclined downwards, the lowest inclined position of the guide plate is in butt joint with an opening formed in the outer side of the second channel, and the buffer plate is fixedly installed on the top of the inner side of the second channel.
Preferably, the buffer plate surface is an inclined downward slope surface, and the bottom opening of the flow guide interlayer is positioned above the second material containing plate.
Preferably, the gear mechanism comprises a gear and a toothed ring, the gear is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the second motor, the toothed ring is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the second conductive torch, and the gear is meshed with the toothed ring.
Preferably, the multi-stage screening mechanism formed by the diversion mechanism, the second conductive torch, the second motor and the gear mechanism is provided with one or more layers.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, through the vertical first electric guiding torch and the vertical second electric guiding torch, mixed waste plastics are firstly spread on the first material containing plate and flow into the mixing and selecting mechanism, and the tangential direction of the same type of materials is positioned in the horizontal plane when the materials are thrown out through the baffle plates, the sliding grooves and the arc plates with uniform specifications, and the materials are collected through the annular flow dividing mechanism, so that even if the throwing tangential directions are different, the materials can be finally collected at the same position according to the same throwing speed, and the collection efficiency and the purification rate are improved.
2. According to the invention, the guide plate is circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the second channel, the lowest part of the guide plate is in contact with the bottom of the inner cavity of the second channel and extends to the position of the opening discharge port of the second channel, the guide plate slides down along the inclined plane of the guide plate by utilizing the gravity of the material until the material reaches the discharge port to be intensively discharged, and the relatively purified plastic falling from the first channel cannot be discharged at a higher initial speed after sliding down along the chute because the attraction of the relatively purified plastic is larger, so that the relatively purified plastic can be guided and collected by adopting a narrower first channel after naturally falling.
3. The invention sets a plurality of layers of multi-stage screening mechanisms consisting of the flow dividing mechanism, the second electric conduction pipes, the second motor and the gear mechanism, sets different rotating speeds to separate different types of plastics or other materials, sets a plurality of layers of second electric conduction pipes to rotate at different rotating speeds and can sequentially rotate from top to bottom, thereby discharging the plastics from small to sequential according to the attractive force and achieving the purification and separation of various plastics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the internal structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a first conductive torch, a shunt mechanism, and a second conductive torch of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first conductive cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the retainer ring of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a top view of the first conductive torch of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first conductive torch; 11. a baffle; 12. a chute; 13. an arc plate; 2. a baffle ring; 21. a hollow groove; 3. a shunt mechanism; 31. a first channel; 32. a second channel; 33. a buffer plate; 34. a material guide plate; 35. a diversion interlayer; 36. a discharge port; 4. a second conductive torch; 5. a first material containing plate; 6. a second material containing plate; 7. a first motor; 8. a second motor; 9. a gear mechanism; 91. a gear; 92. a toothed ring; 10. and (3) a bracket.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the embodiment of the invention provides a high-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying mixed waste plastics, which comprises a first conductive torch 1 and a second conductive torch 4 which are sequentially arranged up and down, wherein a baffle ring 2 is fixedly arranged at the top parts of the first conductive torch 1 and the second conductive torch 4, a first material containing plate 5 and a second material containing plate 6 are respectively and fixedly arranged at the top parts of the first conductive torch 1 and the second conductive torch 4, a bracket 10 is arranged at the inner side of the second conductive torch 4, a first motor 7 and a second motor 8 are arranged on the bracket 10, an output shaft of the first motor 7 is connected with the first material containing plate 5 to drive the first conductive torch 1 to rotate, the second motor 8 drives the second conductive torch 4 to rotate through a gear mechanism 9, and a flow dividing mechanism 3 is arranged at the bottoms of the first conductive torch 1 and the second conductive torch 4;
the periphery of the first conductive torch 1 is provided with a plurality of groups of mixing and selecting mechanisms consisting of a baffle 11, a chute 12 and an arc plate 13, and the baffle 11 and the arc plate 13 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the chute 12;
the mixed waste plastics are put into the separator from the top, the mixed waste plastics firstly fall onto the first material containing plate 5, the mixed waste plastics are scattered around on the top surface of the first material containing plate 5 by the rotation of the first material containing plate 5, then enter the mixing and selecting mechanism and slide down along the chute 12 after scattering, the mixed waste plastics are doped with different metals or plastic types with different conductivities, the electrostatic attraction force to which the mixed waste plastics are subjected is also from weak to strong according to the strength of conductivity, the baffle ring 2 is provided with static electricity, the plastic attraction is relatively tight, the metals are hardly subjected to the attraction force, the materials with better conductivity are thrown out under the influence of centrifugal trend, the plastics with poor conductivity are slipped down along the inclined surface of the chute 12, and finally the two types of materials are separated into different collecting positions or subjected to secondary separation by the separating mechanism 3.
Wherein the baffle 11 extends outwards and the eye direction is vertical to the tangent line of the junction of the baffle and the first flashlight 1, the section of the chute 12 is a slope, the arc plate 13 is a concave cambered surface, and the butt joint of the rest of the chute 12 is subjected to arc transition treatment;
the aim of not setting chute 12 to vertical tangent plane is to prevent that the speed that falls of mixed waste plastic is faster, leads to no time space to purify to plastics, and the setting of inclined plane then can solve this defect, keep the trend that whole falls unchanged also to be favorable to controlling the velocity of flow, for vertical length that has lengthened the purification passageway, and arc board 13 then is the indent cambered surface, it can not receive great electrostatic attraction because self conductivity is better relatively after the metal waste falls, therefore it receives centrifugal trend influence great, can be thrown out along rotatory tangential direction by the cambered surface of arc board 13 directly, set up the circular arc transition and be in order to reduce the resistance that it received in the removal process.
The inner side of the baffle ring 2 is provided with a hollowed groove 21, and the hollowed groove 21 is in butt joint with the top opening of the chute 12 to form a blanking opening with uniform width;
the baffle ring 2 has a certain extending height upwards, and has the function of shielding the mixed waste plastics scattered at the top of the first material containing plate 5, and because the mixed selection mechanisms are not densely arranged, a certain space gap exists between two adjacent mixed selection mechanisms, the mixed waste plastics are scattered and then are shielded by the baffle ring 2, and cannot be discharged from the gap, and secondly, a blanking opening with uniform width is formed by the hollow groove 21 formed at the inner side and the top opening of the chute 12, and the blanking opening has a limited width, so that the leaked mixed waste plastics cannot be thicker but can be relatively thinner, a thicker stacking layer is prevented from being formed on the surface of the chute 12, the influence on the electrostatic attraction of the mixed waste plastics is prevented, and the mixed waste plastics can be uniformly spread on the surface of the chute 12.
The inner side of the flow dividing mechanism 3 comprises a first channel 31 and a second channel 32, the first channel 31 is positioned on the opposite inner side of the second channel 32 and has a smaller width than the second channel 32, the top of the first channel 31 is aligned with the bottom opening of the chute 12, a flow guiding interlayer 35 is abutted to the bottom of the first channel 31, a material guiding plate 34 is arranged on the inner side of the second channel 32, the material guiding plate 34 is a downward inclined annular plate, the lowest inclined position of the material guiding plate 34 is abutted to the opening arranged on the outer side of the second channel 32, and a buffer plate 33 is fixedly arranged on the top of the inner side of the second channel 32;
the material guiding plate 34 is installed around the inner wall of the second channel 32, as can be seen in fig. 4, the material guiding plate 34 is in a shape of being higher on the left and lower on the right, the right side of the material guiding plate 34 is at the lowest and is in contact with the bottom of the inner cavity of the second channel 32, and extends to the position of the opening discharge port 36 of the second channel 32, and as can be seen in fig. 1, the material can flow out of the equipment from the opening to collect the material, the material guiding plate 34 with an inclined surface slides down along the inclined surface of the material guiding plate 34 by utilizing the gravity of the material until reaching the position of the discharge port 36 to be intensively discharged, and as the second channel 32 receives the material from the sorted material which is thrown out from the arc plate 13, the initial speed of the material is relatively far, the width of the material is increased to ensure the receiving of the material, the relatively purified plastic which falls down from the first channel 31 is not discharged at a relatively high initial speed because of the material is attracted by the material itself, and can not flow out of the material along the chute 12, the material can be guided and collected by adopting the relatively narrow first channel 31 after the material is naturally fallen, and the material is collected by diversion.
Wherein, the surface of the buffer plate 33 is an inclined downward slope surface, and the bottom opening of the diversion interlayer 35 is positioned above the second material containing plate 6;
as shown in fig. 4, a first batch of material with better conductivity, such as metal, thrown off from the arc plate 13 of the first flashlight 1 falls into the second channel 32, and part of the thrown material, which is relatively small in initial speed, can cause insufficient radial displacement distance along the first flashlight 1 to possibly fall back to the opposite inner side, and a buffer plate 33 is arranged for buffering and guiding the material in the bottom to prevent the material from bouncing too high, so that the impact force of vertical falling of the material is reduced, the impact force of direct impact on the material guide plate 34 is prevented from being too large to cause the material to bounce and fly out, and the material with higher radial relative displacement speed falls to the opposite outer side of the second channel 32, and even if bouncing is intercepted by the inner wall of the second channel 32;
the guiding function of the guiding interlayer 35 is that the mixed plastic or purified plastic falling from the first channel 31 slides along the guiding interlayer 35 to the top surface of the second material containing plate 6 on the second guiding torch 4 below, and is directly separated from the mixed material or purified material in the second channel 32.
The gear mechanism 9 comprises a gear 91 and a toothed ring 92, the gear 91 is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the second motor 8, the toothed ring 92 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the second conductive torch 4, and the gear 91 is meshed with the toothed ring 92;
the second motor 8 drives the gear 91 and the toothed ring 92 to rotate to control the rotation of the second conductive torch 4, the second motor 8 directly participates in controlling the rotation speed of the second conductive torch 4, and if a plurality of layers of second conductive torches 4 are arranged, the rotation speed of each layer of second conductive torch 4 is also controlled to rotate by the independent second motor 8, so that different rotation speeds can be provided for each layer of second conductive cylinder 4 to achieve corresponding purification and purification conditions.
Wherein, the multi-stage screening mechanism consisting of the shunt mechanism 3, the second conductive torch 4, the second motor 8 and the gear mechanism 9 is provided with one or more layers;
the first conductive torch 1 is used as a first-stage screening and purifying mechanism, mixed waste plastics possibly still doped with a little impurity which is not completely screened after passing through the first conductive torch 1 can be further purified by downward multi-stage screening, or different types of plastics or other materials are sorted out by setting different rotating speeds through a plurality of layers of second conductive torches 4, the different types of plastics have different conductivities and attractive forces between the second conductive barrels 4, the plurality of layers of second conductive torches 4 are set to rotate at different rotating speeds, and the rotating speeds can be sequentially increased from top to bottom, so that the plastics are sequentially discharged from small to small attractive forces, and the purification and sorting of various plastics are achieved.
Working principle and using flow:
the mixed waste plastic is put into the mixing mechanism, the mixed waste plastic is scattered around on the first material containing plate 5 by rotating the first material containing plate 5, and then enters the mixing mechanism after scattering, slides down along the chute 12, the static attraction force of the mixed waste plastic is different according to the conductivity, the baffle ring 2 is provided with static, the static attraction force is relatively tight, the metal is hardly attracted, the material with better conductivity is thrown out under the influence of the centrifugal trend, the plastic with poor conductivity slides down along the inclined plane of the chute 12, and finally is separated by the separating mechanism 3, and the two types of materials are separated to different collecting positions or are separated for the second time;
as can be seen from fig. 4, the material guiding plate 34 is in a shape of being higher on the left and lower on the right, the material guiding plate 34 with an inclined surface acts as a material guiding plate which slides down along the inclined surface of the material guiding plate 34 by utilizing the gravity of the material until reaching the position of the material outlet 36 to be intensively discharged, the second channel 32 receives the material from the sorted material which is rotationally thrown out from the arc plate 13, the initial speed of the material is relatively far, the width of the material is increased to ensure the receiving of the material, and the relatively purified plastic falling from the first channel 31 can not be discharged at a higher initial speed after sliding down along the chute 12 because the material is attracted by the width of the material, and the material can be collected by adopting the narrower first channel 31 for guiding.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. A high-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying mixed waste plastics is characterized in that: including first flashlight (1) and the second flashlight (4) that lead that set gradually from top to bottom, the top fixed mounting that first flashlight (1) and second lead flashlight (4) has baffle ring (2), the top that first flashlight (1) and second lead flashlight (4) still fixedly mounted respectively has first flourishing flitch (5) and second flourishing flitch (6), the inboard that second led flashlight (4) is provided with support (10), be provided with first motor (7) and second motor (8) on support (10), the output shaft of first motor (7) is first flourishing flitch (5) drive first flashlight (1) rotatory, second motor (8) drive second flashlight (4) rotatory through gear mechanism (9), the bottom of first flashlight (1) and second flashlight (4) all is provided with diverging mechanism (3);
the periphery of the first conductive torch (1) is provided with a plurality of groups of mixing and selecting mechanisms consisting of a baffle plate (11), a chute (12) and an arc plate (13), and the baffle plate (11) and the arc plate (13) are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the chute (12);
a hollow groove is formed in the inner side of the baffle ring (2), and the hollow groove is in butt joint with the top opening of the chute (12) to form a blanking opening with uniform width;
the inner side of the flow dividing mechanism (3) comprises a first channel (31) and a second channel (32), the first channel (31) is positioned on the opposite inner side of the second channel (32) and is smaller than the second channel (32), the top of the first channel (31) is aligned with the bottom opening of the chute (12), and the bottom of the first channel (31) is in butt joint with a flow guiding interlayer (35); the guide plate (34) is arranged on the inner side of the second channel (32), the guide plate (34) is a circular plate inclined downwards, the lowest inclined part of the guide plate (34) is in butt joint with an opening formed in the outer side of the second channel (32), and a buffer plate (33) is fixedly arranged on the top of the inner side of the second channel (32).
2. The high-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying processed mixed waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein: the baffle (11) extends outwards and the eye direction is perpendicular to the tangent line of the junction of the baffle and the first conductive torch (1), the section of the chute (12) is a slope, the arc plate (13) is a concave cambered surface, and the butt joint of the rest of the chute (12) is subjected to arc transition treatment.
3. The high-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying processed mixed waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein: the surface of the buffer plate (33) is an inclined downward slope surface, and the bottom opening of the flow guide interlayer (35) is positioned above the second material containing plate (6).
4. The high-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying processed mixed waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein: the gear mechanism (9) comprises a gear (91) and a toothed ring (92), the gear (91) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the second motor (8), the toothed ring (92) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the second conductive torch (4), and the gear (91) is meshed with the toothed ring (92).
5. The high-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying processed mixed waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein: the multi-stage screening mechanism composed of the diversion mechanism (3), the second conductive torch (4), the second motor (8) and the gear mechanism (9) is provided with one or more layers.
CN202211041503.4A 2022-08-29 2022-08-29 High-voltage electrostatic separator for purifying mixed waste plastics Active CN115464807B (en)

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