CN115458890B - Ridge loading oblique-in type multipath synthesized TE03 mode input coupler - Google Patents

Ridge loading oblique-in type multipath synthesized TE03 mode input coupler Download PDF

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CN115458890B
CN115458890B CN202211055112.8A CN202211055112A CN115458890B CN 115458890 B CN115458890 B CN 115458890B CN 202211055112 A CN202211055112 A CN 202211055112A CN 115458890 B CN115458890 B CN 115458890B
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circular waveguide
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CN115458890A (en
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徐勇
田辰彦
王高磊
王威
赵伟晴
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a ridge loading oblique-entering type multipath synthesized TE03 mode input coupler, and belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave electric vacuum devices. The input coupler comprises a power distribution part, a ridge loading inclined-in multiplexing part and a cut-off circular waveguide part loaded with a lossy ceramic ring. Adopts an inclined-in type multiplexing structure to couple TE with higher purity in a main circular waveguide 03 Mode, through setting up the waveguide ridge on the main circular waveguide lateral wall, adjust rectangular waveguide position distribution and oblique income formula rectangular waveguide and circular waveguide between the contained angle to restrain TE in the main circular waveguide 03 The main competition mode of the mode realizes the effects of suppressing the hybrid mode, reducing the reflection coefficient, improving the conversion efficiency and expanding the input bandwidth. Meanwhile, the loading of the lossy ceramic ring can effectively inhibit the transmission of reverse waves, and the inner radius of the lossy ceramic ring is larger than that of a cut-off waveguide of a traditional input coupler, so that the probability of electron interception is reduced, and the circulation rate of electron beams is improved.

Description

Ridge loading oblique-in type multipath synthesized TE03 mode input coupler
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave electric vacuum devices, and particularly relates to ridge loading inclined-in type multipath synthesized TE 03 A mode input coupler.
Background
The rotary traveling wave tube is an electric vacuum device based on a relativistic electron rotary pulse plug mechanism, has the characteristics of high power and wide frequency band in millimeter wave bands, has wide application prospects in millimeter wave radars, millimeter wave communication, electronic warfare and the like, and therefore, the rotary traveling wave tube also becomes one of research hotspots of a plurality of scientific research institutions internationally, and the research strength of the domestic rotary traveling wave tube is gradually enhanced.
The input coupler is a key component of the input system of the gyratory wave tube, and has the main function of coupling an input microwave signal into a circular waveguide to excite the working mode TE of the gyratory wave tube mn And (5) molding. Therefore, the input coupler needs to meet the requirements of high conversion efficiency, high mode purity, wide working bandwidth, large power capacity and processing in the design processThe characteristics of simplicity, compact structure and the like can ensure the good working performance of the rotary traveling wave tube. The input coupler is a three-port device, which is a rectangular input port connected to a standard rectangular waveguide, a circular waveguide output port connected to an electron gun (the directional waveguide is a cut-off waveguide, microwaves cannot be transmitted), and a circular waveguide output port connected to an injection-wave interaction region, respectively. The types of gyrotron input couplers are numerous. The circular waveguide side wall excitation structure input coupler is a structure which is relatively commonly used in a rotary traveling wave tube, and is characterized in that: the bandwidth is wide, the conversion efficiency is high, and the bandwidth can be increased and the mixed mode can be restrained by reasonably increasing branches. However, for the high-order modes exciting the circular waveguide, there are a large number of competing modes, and it is difficult to achieve high-purity broadband input.
In the research work of conventional gyrotron traveling wave tubes, the conventional gyrotron traveling wave tubes are often operated with a low-order mode (e.g., TE 01 Mould, TE 11 Mould, TE 21 Mode, etc.) as an operation mode, however, with expansion of application fields and urgent demands for high power, researches on a gyrotron traveling wave tube using a high-order mode as an operation mode are also gradually developed. The invention proposes to use circular waveguide TE 03 The input coupler of the rotary traveling wave tube of the mode work has the difficulty that TE 03 The mode is a high-order mode, the competing modes are more and difficult to suppress, the conversion efficiency is low, the available frequency bandwidth is limited, and TE with higher purity is difficult to obtain by adopting the existing design method 03 And (5) molding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a ridge loading oblique-in type multipath synthesized TE for a rotary traveling wave tube 03 The mode input coupler is used for solving the problems of difficult suppression of competing modes, low conversion efficiency and narrow relative bandwidth when the traditional input coupler of the rotary traveling wave tube takes a high-order mode as a working mode. The coupler is uniformly ridged on the upper angle direction of the circular waveguide, and adopts a structure of oblique-in multiplexing to couple out high-purity TE in the circular waveguide 03 And (5) molding. By changing the size, position distribution and depth of ridges on the side wall of the main circular waveguide, the position distribution of the oblique rectangular waveguide and the included angle between the oblique rectangular waveguide and the circular waveguide, TE in the main circular waveguide is restrained 03 Primary contention mode (TE) 01 ，TE 02 ) And the field distribution of the (C) is improved, so that the effects of suppressing the hybrid mode, reducing the reflection coefficient, improving the conversion efficiency and increasing the bandwidth are realized. In addition, the reverse transmission wave is restrained by adopting the lossy ceramic ring to load instead of the traditional cut-off waveguide, and the structure can lead the inner radius of the cut-off wave to be larger than that of the cut-off waveguide of the traditional structure, thereby reducing the probability of electron interception.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
spine loading oblique-in type multipath synthesized TE for rotary traveling wave tube 03 Mode input coupler applied to 210-220GHz frequency band and having TE as working mode 03 Molding; the structure comprises a power distribution part, a ridge loading oblique-in multiplexing part and a cut-off circular waveguide.
Wherein the power distribution part is used for providing an input end standard rectangular waveguide TE 10 The mode microwave signals are equally divided into eight paths of constant-amplitude microwave signals which are uniformly distributed along the radial direction.
The ridge loading oblique-entering type multiplexing part comprises a main circular waveguide, eight oblique-entering type rectangular waveguides and eight waveguide ridges.
The radius of the main circular waveguide is the same as that of the beam-wave interaction high-frequency system of the rotary traveling wave tube.
The eight inclined rectangular wave guide angles are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the main circular wave guide, and the inclined angle between the inclined rectangular wave guide and the main circular wave guide is theta 5 And θ is as follows 5 ≠90°。
The ridge angles of the waveguides are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the main circular waveguide, and the ridge angles are the same as the distance between adjacent coupling holes.
Eight paths of constant-amplitude microwave signals output by the power distribution part are respectively input into one path of oblique rectangular waveguide, then are respectively injected into the main circular waveguide through one coupling hole, and finally TE is synthesized in the main circular waveguide 03 And (5) molding.
The cut-off circular waveguide is a circular waveguide loaded with a ceramic ring, and the upper end of the cut-off circular waveguide is connected with the lower port of the main circular waveguide.
Further, the inner radius of the ceramic ring is the same as the radius of the main circular waveguide.
Further, the power distribution part comprises a standard rectangular waveguide A, T type power divider A, two transition waveguides A, two T-shaped power dividers B, four transition waveguides B, four Y-shaped power dividers and eight transition waveguides C. TE (TE) 10 The mode microwave signal is input into a standard rectangular waveguide A and halved into two paths of half microwave signals with equal amplitude through a T-shaped power divider A; each path of half microwave signal is input into a T-shaped power divider B through a transition waveguide A and is equally divided into two paths of quarter microwave signals with equal amplitude; each path of quarter microwave signal is input into a Y-shaped power divider through a section of transition waveguide B and is equally divided into two paths of eighth microwave signals with equal amplitude; eight paths of eighth microwave signals respectively pass through the transition waveguide C, and finally eight paths of uniform-amplitude microwave signals are radially and uniformly output.
Further, the length of the waveguide ridge is in the range of 4.4mm-4.5mm, the width is in the range of 0.4mm-0.5mm, and the depth is in the range of 0.4mm-0.5mm; the distance between the lower end of the waveguide ridge and the lower end of the main circular waveguide ranges from 0.05mm to 0.15mm.
The ridge loading oblique-in type multipath synthesized TE 03 A mode input coupler. The main characteristics are that:
(1) Ridge is uniformly added on the upper corner of the side wall of the main circular waveguide, and the suppression of a side gallery mode (competing mode) can be effectively realized by changing the size, the position distribution and the depth of the ridge.
(2) Eight paths of oblique incidence rectangular waveguides and main circular waveguides form an oblique incidence multiplexing part. Eight rectangular waveguide angles with identical dimensions are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the main circular waveguide.
(3) The loading of the lossy ceramic ring replaces the cut-off waveguide section, so that the radius is increased, and meanwhile, the reverse transmission of waves can be effectively restrained.
Compared with the traditional structure, the innovation of the invention has two points: 1. synthesis of higher order TE in circular waveguides by using ridge-loaded multipath angled rectangular waveguides 03 The mode is used as an operating mode, and has the advantages that by adjusting the relevant parameters of the ridge, the position distribution of the inclined rectangular waveguide and the included angle between the inclined rectangular waveguide and the main circular waveguide,phase matching and hybrid mode suppression of microwave signals at the coupling holes can be realized. 2. The cut-off circular waveguide part is replaced by a structure loaded with a lossy ceramic ring, so that reverse waves can be effectively restrained, the inner radius of the cut-off circular waveguide part is increased compared with that of the traditional structure, and the probability of electron interception is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 ridge-loaded oblique-in multiplexing TE 03 The mode input coupler is generally schematic.
FIG. 2 ridge-loaded oblique-in type multiplexing TE 03 Schematic diagram of the local structure of the mode input coupler.
FIG. 3 ridge-loaded oblique-in type multiplexing TE 03 TE of mode input coupler 03 Mold and primary hybrid TE 01 、TE 02 、TE 81 And transmitting the coefficients.
FIG. 4 ridge-loaded oblique-in multiplexing TE 03 Reflection coefficient of the mode input coupler.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. standard rectangular waveguide, 2, matching groove A,3.T type power divider A,4, transition waveguide A,5, matching groove B,6.T type power divider B,7, transition waveguide B,8.Y type power divider, 9, transition waveguide C,10, oblique rectangular waveguide, 11, waveguide ridge, 12, main circular waveguide, 13, ceramic ring.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to a design example and the attached drawings:
in the invention, ridge loading oblique-in type multipath synthesized TE 03 The technical index requirements of the mode input coupler are as follows: working mode: TE (TE) 03 Molding; operating frequency: 210-220GHz.
FIG. 1 is a ridge-loaded oblique-in type multiplexing TE 03 A schematic overall diagram of the mode input coupler; FIG. 2 is a ridge-loaded oblique-in type multiplexing TE 03 Schematic diagram of the local structure of the mode input coupler. The structure comprises a power distribution part, a ridge loading oblique-in multiplexing part and a cut-off circular waveguide.
The power distribution part comprises a standard rectangular waveguide A, T type power divider A, two transition waveguides A, two T-shaped power dividers B, four transition waveguides B, four Y-shaped power dividers and eight transition waveguides BAnd a transition waveguide C. TE (TE) 10 The mode microwave signal is input into a standard rectangular waveguide A and halved into two paths of half microwave signals with equal amplitude through a T-shaped power divider A; each path of half microwave signal is input into a T-shaped power divider B through a transition waveguide A and is equally divided into two paths of quarter microwave signals with equal amplitude; each path of quarter microwave signal is input into a Y-shaped power divider through a section of transition waveguide B and is equally divided into two paths of eighth microwave signals with equal amplitude; eight paths of eighth microwave signals respectively pass through a section of transition waveguide C to finally realize the standard rectangular waveguide TE at the input end 10 The mode microwave signals are equally divided into eight paths of constant-amplitude microwave signals which are uniformly distributed along the radial direction. Wherein, the T-shaped power divider A is provided with a matching groove A, and the T-shaped power divider B is provided with a matching groove B.
The ridge loading oblique-entering type multiplexing part comprises a main circular waveguide, eight oblique-entering type rectangular waveguides and eight waveguide ridges.
The radius of the main circular waveguide is the same as that of the beam-wave interaction high-frequency system of the rotary traveling wave tube.
The eight inclined rectangular wave guide angles are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the main circular wave guide, and the inclined angle between the inclined rectangular wave guide and the main circular wave guide is theta 5 。
The ridge angles of the waveguides are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the main circular waveguide, and the ridge angles are the same as the distance between adjacent coupling holes.
Eight paths of constant-amplitude microwave signals output by the power distribution part are respectively input into one path of oblique rectangular waveguide, then are respectively injected into the main circular waveguide through one coupling hole, and finally TE is synthesized in the main circular waveguide 03 And (5) molding.
The cut-off circular waveguide is a circular waveguide loaded with a ceramic ring, and the upper end of the cut-off circular waveguide is connected with the lower port of the main circular waveguide.
The specific parameters of each structure are as follows:
(1) The standard rectangular waveguide a is a standard rectangular waveguide (BJ 1800): broadside dimension: 1.296mm, narrow side dimension: 0.648mm.
(2) Matching groove A: broadside dimension: 1.296mm, narrow side dimension: 0.648mm and a depth of 1.265mm.
(3) T-shaped power divider A: two arm dimensions: broadside dimension: 1.296mm, narrow side dimension: 0.648mm.
(4) Transition waveguide a: realize 90 turns, broadside size 1.296mm, narrow limit size: 0.648mm.
(5) Matching groove B: broadside dimension: 1.296mm, narrow side dimension: 0.648mm and a depth of 1.265mm.
(6) T-shaped power divider B: the size is the same as that of the T-shaped power divider.
(7) Transition waveguide B: realize 135 turn, broadside size: 1.296mm, narrow side dimension: 0.648mm.
(8) Transition waveguide C: the input port is the same as the transition waveguide B in size; the output port is connected with the Y-shaped power divider and is square with the side length of 1.000 mm.
(9) Y-shaped power divider: the size of the input port is the same as that of the output port of the transition waveguide C; two arm dimensions: broadside dimension: 1.000mm, narrow side dimension: 0.608mm.
(10) Transition waveguide D: eight paths of microwave signals are transmitted inwards along the radial direction of the main circular waveguide, and the broadside size is as follows: 1.000mm, narrow side dimension: 0.608mm.
(11) Oblique-in rectangular waveguide: broadside dimension: 1.000mm, narrow side dimension: 0.608mm.
(12) Waveguide ridge: broadside dimension: 4.557mm, narrow side dimension: 0.470mm, depth: 0.425mm, the lower edge is distant from the lower end of the main circular waveguide: 0.110mm.
(13) Main circular waveguide: radius: 2.350mm, height: 6.000mm.
(14) The lossy ceramic ring materials are: beO-TiO 2 Attenuating the ceramic; inner radius: 2.350mm, outer radius: 2.500mm, height: 3.000mm.
In addition, θ 1 ＝90°，θ 2 ＝135°，θ 3 ＝60°，θ 4 ＝43.6°，θ 5 ＝136.4°。
As shown in figure 2, the included angle theta between the oblique rectangular waveguide and the main circular waveguide 5 The size of the TE-based crystal oscillator is determined according to the microwave propagation theory, and TE can be obtained by calculating a proper inclination angle 01 Mode and TE 02 The die plays a certain role in inhibition. Specifically, define near cutoffOne vertex of the coupling hole of the circular waveguide is 1 point, the vertex of the coupling hole adjacent to the 1 point and far from the cut-off circular waveguide is 2 points, the point positioned on the narrow side of the oblique-in rectangular waveguide is 3 points, and the three points form a right triangle. According to microwave propagation theory, in order to improve TE 10 Mode and TE 03 The coupling strength between the modes is improved, so that the mode conversion efficiency is improved, and the T is required to be ensured E03 Phase transformation and TE when the mode propagates from 1 point to 2 points 10 The phase transformation of the mode when propagating from 3 points to 2 points is kept consistent, so that phase matching is realized. The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein beta is 10 Is TE (TE) 10 Phase constant of mode, beta 03 Is TE (TE) 03 Phase constant of mode, L 12 Is the distance between point 1 and point 2, L 23 Is the distance between point 2 and point 3, θ 5 Is the included angle between the oblique rectangular waveguide and the main circular waveguide.
FIG. 3 is a ridge-loaded oblique-in multiplexed TE synthesis according to the present invention 03 TE of mode input coupler 03 Mold and primary hybrid TE 01 、TE 02 And transmitting the coefficients. From the figure, TE is shown 03 Transmission coefficient S of the mode 21 The relative bandwidth greater than-2.5 dB is 2.7%. TE at input terminal 10 From mould to other mould (TE 01、 TE 02 ) The transmission parameters of the system are lower, and in the frequency range from 210GHz to 220GHz, the transmission parameters are all below-10 dB, so that the competitive mode is well inhibited, thereby realizing TE 10 -TE 03 Is a high-efficiency mode conversion of (a) and outputs circular waveguide TE with higher purity 03 And (5) molding.
FIG. 4 is a ridge-loaded oblique-in multiplexed TE synthesis according to the present invention 03 Reflection coefficient of the mode input coupler. The reflection coefficient of the gyrotron traveling wave tube input coupler is smaller than-5 dB in the frequency range from 210GHz to 220GHz.

Claims (3)

1. Spine loading oblique-in type multipath synthesized TE 03 Mode input coupler applied to 210-220GHz frequency band and having TE as working mode 03 Molding; the coupler comprises a power distribution part, a ridge loading oblique-in multiplexing part and a cut-off circular waveguide;
the power distribution part comprises a standard rectangular waveguide A, T type power divider A, two transition waveguides A, two T-type power dividers B, four transition waveguides B, four Y-type power dividers and eight transition waveguides C; TE (TE) 10 The mode microwave signal is input into a standard rectangular waveguide A and is equally divided into two paths of equal-amplitude half microwave signals through a T-shaped power divider A; each path of half microwave signal is input into a T-shaped power divider B through a transition waveguide A and is equally divided into two paths of quarter microwave signals with equal amplitude; each path of quarter microwave signal is input into a Y-shaped power divider through a section of transition waveguide B and is equally divided into two paths of eighth microwave signals with equal amplitude; eight paths of eighth microwave signals respectively pass through the transition waveguide C, and finally eight paths of uniform-amplitude microwave signals are radially and uniformly output;
the ridge loading oblique-entering type multiplexing part comprises a main circular waveguide, eight oblique-entering type rectangular waveguides and eight waveguide ridges;
the radius of the main circular waveguide is the same as the radius of the beam-wave interaction high-frequency system of the rotary traveling wave tube;
the eight inclined rectangular wave guide angles are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the main circular wave guide, and the inclined angle between the inclined rectangular wave guide and the main circular wave guide is theta 5 And θ is as follows 5 ≠90°；
The ridge angles of the waveguides are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the main circular waveguide and have the same distance with the adjacent coupling holes;
eight paths of constant-amplitude microwave signals output by the power distribution part are respectively input into one path of oblique rectangular waveguide, then are respectively injected into the main circular waveguide through one coupling hole, and finally TE is synthesized in the main circular waveguide 03 Molding;
the cut-off circular waveguide is a circular waveguide loaded with a ceramic ring, and the upper end of the cut-off circular waveguide is connected with the lower port of the main circular waveguide.
2. A ridge loading ramp as defined in claim 1Incoming multiplex synthesized TE 03 The mode input coupler is characterized in that the inner radius of the ceramic ring is the same as the radius of the main circular waveguide.
3. A ridge-loaded oblique-in type synthetic TE as claimed in claim 1 or 2 03 The mode input coupler is characterized in that the length of the waveguide ridge ranges from 4.4mm to 4.5mm, the width ranges from 0.4mm to 0.5mm, and the depth ranges from 0.4mm to 0.5mm; the distance between the lower end of the waveguide ridge and the lower end of the main circular waveguide ranges from 0.05mm to 0.15mm.
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