CN115448774B - Application of water planting nutrient solution in cultivation of peppers - Google Patents
Application of water planting nutrient solution in cultivation of peppers Download PDFInfo
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- CN115448774B CN115448774B CN202211319935.7A CN202211319935A CN115448774B CN 115448774 B CN115448774 B CN 115448774B CN 202211319935 A CN202211319935 A CN 202211319935A CN 115448774 B CN115448774 B CN 115448774B
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- nutrient solution
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- capsicum
- liquid supply
- water
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- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to preparation and application of a water planting nutrient solution, in particular to application of the water planting nutrient solution in cultivating peppers. The invention combines the nutrition supply of the capsicum in different growth stages such as the initial growth stage, the flowering and fruiting stage, the fruiting stage and the like to the nutrition of the capsicum in different growth stages, and effectively solves the problem that the existing hydroponic nutrient solution does not allocate and supply nutrient elements according to different nutrition requirements of crops in different growth stages. The nitrate content in the capsicum can be effectively reduced while the yield of the water-cultured capsicum is improved, the Vc, the soluble sugar and the soluble solid content are improved, the flavor and taste of the capsicum are obviously improved, and the quality of the capsicum is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to preparation and application of a water planting nutrient solution, in particular to application of the water planting nutrient solution in cultivating peppers.
Background
Facility agriculture, which is an important component of modern agriculture, is rapidly developing with incomparable advantages of traditional agriculture, and has become an effective means for peasant enrichment and income increase in many areas. With the rapid annual development of facility agriculture, the problems caused by continuous cropping such as secondary salinization of facility soil, soil-borne diseases and the like are serious year by year, so that the yield and quality of vegetables are reduced, the production environment is polluted, the soil available for agriculture is reduced year by year, and the sustainable development of the facility agriculture is restricted; the water fertilizer is a key for improving the yield and quality of vegetables, but the problems of inconsistent yield, quality and water fertilizer utilization efficiency of facility vegetables are becoming serious. The soilless culture technology is an effective way for solving various problems, can effectively avoid the problems of soil salinization, soil-borne diseases and the like caused by long-term continuous cropping of the traditional soil cultivation, can improve the utilization rate of water and nutrients of crops, is a novel high-tech agriculture technology for producing safe, high-quality and high-yield agricultural products, and is a novel way for developing green and efficient agriculture. Soilless culture has many advantages and is increasingly valued by people. The soil-less cultivation adopts the artificially created crop root system environment to replace the soil environment, so that the contradiction between water, air and nutrient supply which is difficult to solve in the traditional cultivation can be effectively solved, and the crop root system is in the most suitable environmental condition, thereby exerting the maximum production potential; soilless culture and intelligent management are combined, industrial production is realized, automatic operation is realized, and labor and effort are saved; soilless culture enables crop production to be free of soil constraint, and greatly expands the available space for agricultural production; soilless culture combines multiple subjects and multiple technologies, and is beneficial to realizing modernization of agricultural production.
Inorganic matrix cultivation is one of soilless cultivation forms, and rock wool, vermiculite, sand, perlite and the like are used as fixed supporting materials for crop growth, and nutrient solution provides water and fertilizer, oxygen and environment for crop growth. Because of the stable physical and chemical properties of the matrix, the mineral components contained in the matrix can not interfere with nutrient solution, and can not provide nutrient components which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, so that the precise control of soilless culture liquid manure is easier to realize. The inorganic matrix does not contain nutrient components, so that nutrients required by crop growth completely depend on the supply of nutrient solution, and the on-demand supply and the accurate regulation and control of crop nutrient supply can be realized. The inorganic substrate cultivation is adopted, the utilization rate of the water and the fertilizer can be improved by utilizing the nutrient solution circulating high-efficiency utilization technology, the water and the land pollution caused by the traditional water and the fertilizer outflow is avoided, and the method has important significance for water conservation, fertilizer conservation and environment-friendly cultivation production. The preparation of the nutrient solution is not only a core technology for normal growth of the vegetable cultivated by the inorganic matrix, but also a foundation and key of soilless culture. The success or failure of the substrate cultivation depends on parameters such as the formula of the nutrient solution, the concentration, the proportion of various nutrient elements, the pH value, the liquid temperature and the like, and whether the nutrient solution management in the plant growth process can meet the requirements of various growth stages or not. The quick, high-yield and high-quality cultivation result can be obtained only by adopting the correct nutrient solution formula and preparing and managing the nutrient solution according to a proper method, so that the plants are in the most proper nutrient solution environment at any period of growth and development. The composition and concentration of the nutrient solution are different according to the variety of crops, the growing period, the environmental condition, the cultivation purpose and the like. The components of the nutrient solution directly influence the nutrient absorption and growth conditions of crops, and relate to the problem of economic and effective utilization of the nutrients in the fertilizer, and the formula composition of the nutrient solution and the concentration adjustment in use are important links of soilless culture. In the process of cultivating vegetables by using the inorganic matrix, the application of the nutrient solution in cultivation is influenced by the conditions of crop types, growth period, temperature, illumination and the like.
The capsicum is an annual or perennial herb capable of forming spicy or sweet berries in the capsicum genus of the Solanaceae family, is native in Central and south america, is one of main varieties of facility cultivated horticultural crops, has various varieties, comprises large capsicum mainly comprising sweet peppers, long capsicum mainly comprising ox horn peppers, sheep horn peppers, wire peppers and screw peppers, cluster capsicum mainly comprising hawk peppers and the like, has rich nutritive value, is more and more favored by masses, and has gradually expanded cultivation area in recent years. The cold country or region is mainly cultivated with sweet pepper, and the tropical and subtropical country or region is mainly cultivated with hot pepper. Plant nutrition researches show that the requirements of different crops on various nutrient elements and the proportion thereof are different, and the requirements of different proportions and concentrations of the same crop on various nutrient elements are also different (reference document Guo Shirong is mainly compiled, soilless culture is carried out, chinese agriculture publishing company, first edition 1 in 2003, P117.) and the requirements of different growth stages of the chilli nutrient solution concentration (EC value) are different, so that the scientific and reasonable nutrient solution can be prepared, the balanced growth of plants can be promoted, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer can be improved. Most of the currently used nutrient solutions are Japanese garden tests and mountain-wasaki nutrient solution formulas, and are difficult to adapt to the diversity requirements of different areas, different vegetable types and cultivation seasons. In addition, in the process of nutrient solution cultivation, no complete production technology system exists for nutrient solution configuration, supply mode, liquid supply frequency, liquid supply amount and EC value in different periods. The optimal nutrient solution formula and matched scientific and reasonable irrigation frequency and irrigation amount can effectively regulate the proportion of gas, water and fertilizer in the matrix, promote the growth and development of plants and improve the quality of fruits.
Patent documents retrieved by the applicant include:
patent document 201410580890.8 discloses a nutrient solution for cultivating capsicum, which comprises the following raw materials of lactic acid, urea, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, magnesium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, citric acid, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium carbonate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate. The compound fertilizer has reasonable proportion and balanced and comprehensive nutrition, can fully meet the nutrient requirements of the peppers, plays the fertilizer effect to the maximum extent, and effectively prevents diseases and insect pests. The nutrient solution has simple preparation process and strong feasibility, can rapidly promote the growth of the capsicum, and improves the yield and quality of the capsicum.
Patent document 201310196109.2 discloses a balanced nutrient solution rich in selenium for cultivating capsicum, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.002 to 0.008 part of urea, 0.05 to 0.1 part of calcium nitrate, 0.1 to 1 part of potassium nitrate, 0.1 to 1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.001 to 0.005 part of zinc sulfate, 0.005 to 0.01 part of sodium molybdate, 1 to 3 parts of ammonium phosphate, 0.005 to 0.05 part of ferric chloride, 0.001 to 0.005 part of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 to 1 part of potassium iodide, 1 to 5 parts of glucose, 0.1 to 0.5 part of sodium tetraborate, 0.1 to 0.5 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.001 to 0.01 part of copper sulfate, 0.5 to 1 part of organic acid, 0.1 to 1 part of vitamin B group, 0.05 to 0.1 part of vitamin C, 0.5 to 5 parts of sodium selenite and 5000 to 7000 parts of water. The plant nutrient solution provided by the invention is used for cultivating, and experiments prove that the plant height, the survival rate, the yield and the selenium content of the peppers are all improved.
Patent document 2011103150717 discloses a nutrient solution for cultivating capsicum. The material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of lactic acid, 2-10 parts of amino acid, 2-5 parts of uric acid, 2-6 parts of phosphoric acid, 3-5 parts of potassium chloride, 2-5 parts of sodium sulfate, 2-5 parts of copper sulfate, 2-4 parts of ferrous sulfate and the balance of water. The nutrient solution is sprayed once about 7 days before the pepper is planted, and is sprayed once every 15 days in the fruiting period after the pepper is planted; spraying once every 7 days in the full fruit period, and spraying once every 15 days after 1 month until the fruit period is stopped. The selenium-containing nutrient solution has the beneficial effects that the selenium-containing nutrient solution is applied to the planting of peppers, adjusts the growth rule of the peppers, promotes the growth and development of the peppers, improves the quality and yield of the peppers, and meets the green vegetable planting requirements.
Patent document of application number 2016107359264) discloses a sweet pepper nutrient solution formula which comprises, by weight, 63-97 mg/L of iron sodium salt, 912-1045 mg/L of calcium nitrate, 567-623 mg/L of potassium sulfate, 102-153 mg/L of monoammonium phosphate, 437-512 mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 1.5-3.2 mg/L of boric acid, 2.6-4.3 mg/L of borax, 0.8-1.2 mg/L of ammonium molybdate, 0.2-0.6 mg/L of copper sulfate, 0.15-0.4 mg/L of calcium sulfate and 0.1-0.25 mg/L of ammonium bisulfate. The formula of the invention is reasonable, the utilization rate of the components of the nutrient solution is improved by comprehensively utilizing the iron sodium salt, the calcium nitrate, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the magnesium sulfate, the boric acid, the borax, the ammonium molybdate, the copper sulfate, the calcium sulfate and the ammonium bisulfate, the nutrition in the formula is fully matched, the formula is suitable for growing the sweet peppers, the components in the formula are matched with each other, the nutrition required by growing the sweet peppers is met, and the proportion of the components in the nutrient solution is adjusted, so that the nutrient solution can be well matched with the growing requirement of the sweet peppers, and the growth of the sweet peppers can be well matched.
The above patent documents on sweet peppers or pepper nutrient solutions are single formulas in the whole growing period, are special formulas suitable for long peppers, clustered peppers or sweet peppers, are not broad-spectrum formulas suitable for peppers, do not provide optimal EC values of nutrient solutions in different growing periods and inorganic matrix nutrient solution closed circulation cultivation matching technologies, particularly intelligent light simplified cultivation technologies, and do not mention whether the nutrient solution formulas can improve the quality of peppers on the basis of high yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose the application of a hydroponic nutrient solution in cultivating peppers, and particularly aims at the characteristics of weak root system regeneration capability, shallow root system, drought intolerance and waterlogging intolerance of peppers, and combines the different requirements of peppers on nutrition in different growth stages such as seedling stage, early fruiting stage, full fruiting stage and the like to supply nutrition, and combines with intelligent management, so that nitrate content in peppers can be effectively reduced, soluble sugar, vc and soluble solid content are improved, the quality of peppers is improved, and an intelligent light-simplified cultivation management technology system of peppers is realized.
The invention has the following overall technical concept:
the application of the water planting nutrient solution in cultivating the capsicum comprises the following process steps:
A. the first stage: adjusting the pH value of the first nutrient solution to be between 5.5 and 6.5, wherein the EC value of the first nutrient solution is between 1.5 and 1.8ds/m, and adopting timing liquid supply to crops; the period from field planting to bud emergence of the capsicum;
B. and a second stage: adjusting the pH value of the first nutrient solution to be 6.5-6.8, wherein the EC value of the first nutrient solution to be 1.8-2.0 ds/m, and adopting timing liquid supply to crops; the stage is a flowering and fruit setting stage, namely a stage from the flowering of the zanthoxylum piperitum to the expansion of the fruits;
C. and a third stage: adjusting the pH value of the second nutrient solution to be between 6.5 and 6.8, and adopting timing liquid supply for crops, wherein the EC value of the second nutrient solution is between 2.0 and 2.5ds/m; the stage is a fruiting stage, namely, the fruits of the zanthoxylum bungeanum are enlarged until the fruits are harvested;
the first nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：900mg/L～910mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：180mg/L～185mg/L；KNO 3 ：230mg/L～238mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：490mg/L～500mg/L；Fe-EDTA：20mg/L～25mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.1mg/L～2.2mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.80mg/L～2.90mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.20mg/L～0.25mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.08mg/L～0.1mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.02mg/L to 0.03mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=1.5 to 2.0ds/m; when the first nutrient solution is used, the root of the cultivated crop is irrigated with the root and applied with the asbolb root for 1 time, and the application amount is 0.5 ml/plant;
the second nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：900mg/L～910mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：180mg/L～185mg/L；KNO 3 ：400mg/L～410mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：490mg/L～500mg/L；Fe-EDTA：20mg/L～25mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.1mg/L～2.2mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.80mg/L～2.90mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.20mg/L～0.25mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.08mg/L～0.1mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.02mg/L to 0.03mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=2.0 to 2.5ds/m;
the liquid supply time in the step A, B, C is 8:00-18:00 once every two hours.
The nutrient requirements and the growth characteristics of each growth stage in the hot pepper water planting are as follows:
the pepper seedlings have small nutrition area and small fertilizer amount in the early stage of expanding the pepper fruits from field planting and need to promote root and strengthen the seedlings, so that the first nutrient solution is adopted for supplying the pepper seedlings in the first stage and the second stage, and root promoting nutrient substances are added; the fruit is produced in large quantity from the swelling of the pepper fruit to the whole pepper fruit harvesting period, and the fertilizer requirement is large, especially the potassium element is improved, so that the method has great significance for effectively improving the pepper yield and quality, and the second nutrient solution is adopted for supplying the pepper fruit in the third stage. And simultaneously, the pH value and the EC value of the nutrient solution are adjusted by combining the characteristics of each growth stage.
Wherein the process conditions of each process step are as follows:
further, the liquid supply time in the step A is 10 minutes each time.
Further, the liquid supply time in the step B is 15 minutes each time.
Further, the liquid supply time in the step C is 20 minutes each time.
The pH adjustment in step A, B, C is performed using boric acid.
In order to facilitate the preparation of the water planting nutrient solution, the preferable technical scheme is that the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution are prepared according to the following steps:
a. placing calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate into a liquid storage tank, mixing, dissolving, adding water according to the concentration multiple of the raw material content, fixing the volume, and uniformly stirring to prepare a first mother solution;
b. putting potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, chelated iron, sodium nitrate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and copper sulfate into a liquid storage tank for mixing and dissolving, adding water according to the concentration multiple of the raw material content to a certain volume, and uniformly stirring to prepare a second mother solution;
c. when in use, the first mother solution and the second mother solution are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, then water is added for dilution, and the pH value and the EC value are regulated to prepare the first nutrient solution or the second nutrient solution respectively.
The main functions of each component in the water planting nutrient solution in the invention are as follows:
the main functions of the nutrient components are as follows:
the chilli nutrient solution contains major elements and trace elements required by plant growth, wherein the major elements are as follows: C. h, O, N, S, P, ca, mg, K; trace elements: fe. B, mn, zn, mo, cu.
Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate is mainly used for providing calcium and nitrogen elements required by plant growth. Providing calcium ions required by growth for plants, improving selective absorption capacity of root cell membranes, enhancing stress resistance to environmental stress and promoting normal growth of plants. Simultaneously, nitrogen elements required by growth are provided for plants, the requirement of the plant growth on the nitrogen elements is met, and the development of plant leaves is promoted.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is mainly a phosphorus element required for providing plant growth.
Potassium nitrate is mainly a potassium element and a nitrogen element required for plant growth. The potassium nitrate and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate have the main functions of providing potassium ions required by plant growth, and simultaneously, the root system absorbs the potassium ions, so that the absorption of moisture and oxygen in the external environment by the root system is changed due to the action of the potassium ions, the absorption rate of the root system to the oxygen in the external environment is effectively regulated, and the root rot phenomenon of the root system caused by oxygen deficiency in the plant growth process is avoided. Can promote fruit development.
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is mainly used for providing magnesium element required by plant growth. By directly providing magnesium ions to the solution, the requirements of plants on the magnesium ions are met, photosynthesis of the plants is promoted, and synthesis of proteins under photosynthesis is promoted.
Manganese sulfate tetrahydrate is mainly manganese element required for providing plant growth.
Fe-EDTA is mainly an iron element required for providing plant growth. Meanwhile, the sodium iron is used as a regulator for plant growth, so that the absorption rate of the plant growth process to external nutrition factors is further regulated.
Boric acid mainly provides boron elements required by plant growth and has the main functions of promoting normal running of carbohydrates and promoting the generation of auxin, thereby promoting the growth of plants.
Ammonium molybdate is mainly molybdenum element required for providing plant growth.
Zinc sulfate heptahydrate mainly provides zinc element required by plant growth and promotes hydrolysis of substances in plants and photosynthesis.
The cupric sulfate pentahydrate mainly provides copper microelements required by plant growth, can improve the stability of chlorophyll, prevent chlorophyll from being damaged prematurely, and promote crop absorption.
The lasiosphaera seu calvatia root mainly plays a role in promoting root and strengthening seedlings.
The anhydrous compound can be used as the components of the copper sulfate pentahydrate, the manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, the calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and the zinc sulfate heptahydrate according to the dosage conversion; other forms of soluble salts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium may be used and the amounts used are verified by experimentation, all without departing from the spirit of the invention.
The invention has the substantial characteristics and the remarkable technical progress that:
1. the water planting nutrient solution has the advantages of easily available raw material components and simple preparation process.
2. After the water planting nutrient solution is adopted to culture the capsicum, various biological indexes are obviously superior to those of a control.
3. According to the method for determining the nitrate of vegetables in the traditional national standard, the applicant determines the nitrate content in the capsicum after the capsicum water planting nutrient solution is cultured, and the nitrate content accords with the national standard (less than or equal to 440 mg/kg).
4. After the applicant tests that the hydroponic nutrient solution is applied to peppers, the yield of different types of peppers after the hydroponic nutrient solution is applied is obviously improved. The yield of the cultivated ox horn pepper Ji ground 20 number and the lantern type purple sweet pepper reaches 3065-3712 kg/mu and 2082-2262 kg/mu respectively, and the relative increasing yield reaches 13.18-37.08% and 11.22-20.83% respectively.
5. The invention can effectively reduce the nitrate content in the capsicum, improve the content of soluble sugar and soluble solid matters, and effectively improve the quality of the capsicum. The inorganic matrix water culture of the nutrient solution reduces the nitrate content of Ji-lapping No. 20 of the ox horn pepper compared with the control, and reduces 26.72-39.63%; the content of the soluble total sugar is increased by 6.81 to 24.98 percent compared with the control; the content of soluble solids is increased by 7.23 to 19.28 percent compared with the control; the Vc content is increased by 7.33 to 13.57 percent compared with the control. The nitrate content of the nutrient solution inorganic matrix water planting purple sweet pepper is reduced by 10.93 to 23.99 percent compared with the control; the content of the soluble total sugar is increased by 8.48 to 22.08 percent compared with the control; the soluble solid content is increased by 9.74-29.45% compared with the control.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalents thereof may be substituted according to the description without departing from the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The application of the water planting nutrient solution in cultivating the capsicum comprises the following process steps:
A. the first stage: adjusting the pH value of the first nutrient solution to be between 5.5 and 6.5, wherein the EC value of the first nutrient solution is between 1.5 and 1.8ds/m, and adopting timing liquid supply to crops; the period from field planting to bud emergence of the capsicum;
B. and a second stage: adjusting the pH value of the first nutrient solution to be 6.5-6.8, wherein the EC value of the first nutrient solution to be 1.8-2.0 ds/m, and adopting timing liquid supply to crops; the stage is a flowering and fruit setting stage, namely a stage from the flowering of the zanthoxylum piperitum to the expansion of the fruits;
C. and a third stage: adjusting the pH value of the second nutrient solution to be between 6.5 and 6.8, and adopting timing liquid supply for crops, wherein the EC value of the second nutrient solution is between 2.0 and 2.5ds/m; the stage is a fruiting stage, namely, the fruits of the zanthoxylum bungeanum are enlarged until the fruits are harvested;
the first nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：900mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：180mg/L；KNO 3 ：230mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：490mg/L；Fe-EDTA：20mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.1mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.80mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.20mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.08mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.02mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=1.5 to 2.0ds/m; when the first nutrient solution is used, the root of the cultivated crop is irrigated with the root and applied with the asbolb root for 1 time, and the application amount is 0.5 ml/plant;
the second nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：900mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：180mg/L；KNO 3 ：400mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：490mg/L；Fe-EDTA：20mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.1mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.80mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.20mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.08mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.02mg/L; remainder of the processThe amount is water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=2.0 to 2.5ds/m;
the liquid supply time in the step A, B, C is 8:00-18:00 once every two hours.
The liquid supply time in the step A is 10 minutes each time.
The liquid supply time in the step B is 15 minutes each time.
The liquid supply time in the step C is 20 minutes each time.
The pH adjustment in step A, B, C is performed using boric acid.
The first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution are prepared according to the following steps:
a. placing calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate into a liquid storage tank, mixing, dissolving, adding water according to the concentration multiple of the raw material content, fixing the volume, and uniformly stirring to prepare a first mother solution;
b. putting potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, chelated iron, sodium nitrate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and copper sulfate into a liquid storage tank for mixing and dissolving, adding water according to the concentration multiple of the raw material content to a certain volume, and uniformly stirring to prepare a second mother solution;
c. when in use, the first mother solution and the second mother solution are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, then water is added for dilution, and the pH value and the EC value are regulated to prepare the first nutrient solution or the second nutrient solution respectively.
Example 2
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
the first nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：910mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：185mg/L；KNO 3 ：238mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：500mg/L；Fe-EDTA：25mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.2mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.90mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.25mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.1mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.03mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=1.5 to 2.0ds/m; the first nutrient solution is applied to root of cultivated crop by irrigating root1 time of the Bo root, and the application amount is 0.5 ml/strain;
the second nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：910mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：185mg/L；KNO 3 ：410mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：500mg/L；Fe-EDTA：25mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.2mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.90mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.25mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.1mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.03mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=2.0 to 2.5ds/m;
the liquid supply time in the step A, B, C is 8:00-18:00 once every two hours.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
the first nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：905mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：183mg/L；KNO 3 ：234mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：495mg/L；Fe-EDTA：23mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.15mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.85mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.23mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.09mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.025mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=1.5 to 2.0ds/m; when the first nutrient solution is used, the root of the cultivated crop is irrigated with the root and applied with the asbolb root for 1 time, and the application amount is 0.5 ml/plant;
the second nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：905mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：183mg/L；KNO 3 ：405mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：495mg/L；Fe-EDTA：23mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.15mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.85mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.23mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.09mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.025mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=2.0 to 2.5ds/m;
the liquid supply time in the step A, B, C is 8:00-18:00 once every two hours.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
the first nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：903mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：181mg/L；KNO 3 ：232mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：492mg/L；Fe-EDTA：21mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.12mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.82mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.21mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.085mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.021mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=1.5 to 2.0ds/m; when the first nutrient solution is used, the root of the cultivated crop is irrigated with the root and applied with the asbolb root for 1 time, and the application amount is 0.5 ml/plant;
the second nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：903mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：181mg/L；KNO 3 ：402mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：492mg/L；Fe-EDTA：21mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.12mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.82mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.21mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.085mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.022mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=2.0 to 2.5ds/m;
the liquid supply time in the step A, B, C is 8:00-18:00 once every two hours.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 5
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
the first nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：908mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：184mg/L；KNO 3 ：236mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：498mg/L；Fe-EDTA：24mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.18mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.88mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.24mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.095mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.028mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=1.5 to 2.0ds/m; when the first nutrient solution is used, the root of the cultivated crop is irrigated with the root and applied with the asbolb root for 1 time, and the application amount is 0.5 ml/plant;
the second nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O：908mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：184mg/L；KNO 3 ：408mg/L；MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O：498mg/L；Fe-EDTA：24mg/L；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O：2.18mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.88mg/L；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O：0.24mg/L；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O：0.095mg/L；(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 o:0.028mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=2.0 to 2.5ds/m;
the liquid supply time in the step A, B, C is 8:00-18:00 once every two hours.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
1. Test base case
Test time and place: the test and 2021-2022 are carried out in a multi-span intelligent greenhouse in a modern agricultural test park in Hebei province.
Test varieties: ji-yan No. 20 purple sweet pepper
And (3) water planting technology: adopts a complete set of cultivation technology of closed inorganic matrix nutrient solution circulation timing quantitative intelligent control. The vermiculite is used as soilless culture substrate, is inert and sterile, has good stability and good water-retaining property and air permeability, and the mineral components contained in the vermiculite cannot interfere with nutrient solution and cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants.
2. Test design
Seed is germinated and then sowed in V (waste mushroom material cotton seed hull): in a 72-hole tray with V (vermiculite) =2:1, seedlings with consistent growth vigor are selected to be planted in a cultivation groove after early spring stubbles are cultivated for 55-60 days. After field planting, the nutrient solution is supplied by a water pump, and is supplied once every 2 hours according to an automatic control device, wherein the first stage is used for 10 minutes each time, the second stage is used for 15 minutes each time, and the third stage is used for 20 minutes each time. Adjusting the EC value of the nutrient solution according to the first stage EC value to 1.5-1.8 ds/m, the second stage EC value to 1.8-2.0 ds/m and the third stage EC value to 2.0-2.5 ds/m. Five nutrient solution formula treatments are set, CK is used as a control treatment, three treatments are repeated and are arranged completely at random, and 15 plants are randomly selected from each treatment to measure biological indexes and quality indexes.
3. Measurement index
The growth indexes are measured in different growth periods, including plant height, stem thickness, chlorophyll relative content, photosynthetic property, etc. Carrying out yield statistics and quality index measurement in the full bearing period, wherein the measurement of the content of soluble sugar by adopting an anthrone colorimetric method is included; the organic acid content is titrated by NaOH, the Vc content is titrated, and the soluble solid is measured by a refractometer in a handheld manner. And comparing and screening out the optimal formula according to various indexes.
4. Data statistics and analysis
The test data were analyzed by DPS software using the Duncan new complex polar difference method.
5. Test results and analysis
1. Soilless culture pepper growth vigor comparison treated by different nutrient solution formulas
Table A comparison of growth indicators of Ji-research No. 20 under different treatments
| Treatment of | Height of plant (cm) | Stem thickness (mm) | Chlorophyll relative content (%) |
| CK | 36.89b | 2.41b | 52.51b |
| Example 1 | 38.22ab | 2.53ab | 54.01ab |
| Example 2 | 40.36ab | 2.64ab | 54.47ab |
| Example 3 | 41.82a | 2.94a | 58.23a |
| Example 4 | 41.49a | 2.79a | 55.89a |
| Example 5 | 40.56a | 2.72a | 56.68a |
The growth vigor of each treatment was measured on day 27 of 2022 (one month after the fixation), and it was found from Table 3 that the plant height, stem thickness and chlorophyll relative content of Ji-developed No. 20 under the treatment of example 3 were significantly higher than those of the control CK, and increased by 13.36%, 21.99% and 10.89% respectively. The overall index was taken together to know that the pepper grew most strong under the treatment of example 3.
2. Comparison of growth vigor and photosynthetic characteristics of soilless culture peppers with different treatments
Comparison of 20 # growths and photosynthetic Properties under different treatments
The photosynthetic characteristics of each treated plant were measured at 5 months and 30 days (two months after fixation) in 2022, and it can be seen from Table II that the photosynthetic rates of the treatment in example 3 are higher than those of the other treatments, and the photosynthetic values of Ji-20 under the treatment in examples 1-5 are significantly higher than those of the control CK, so that the difference is significant; chlorophyll, stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate of Ji-research No. 20 under each treatment are not obviously different, and are obviously higher than those of control CK. The aspect ratio of example 3 was the greatest and the growth was the strongest.
3. Comparison of soilless culture pepper yield and quality treated by different nutrient solution formulas
Table III comparison of yield and quality of Ji-research No. 20 treated with different nutrient solution formulas
| Index/process | CK | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 |
| Mu yield (kg) | 2708b | 3102a | 3065a | 3712a | 3530a | 3625a |
| Relative yield increase (%) | - | 14.55 | 13.18 | 37.08 | 30.35 | 33.86 |
| Nitrate (mg/kg) | 306.27a | 221.81b | 224.44b | 184.90b | 195.32b | 186.28b |
| Relative increase rate (%) | - | -27.58 | -26.72 | -39.63 | -36.23 | -39.18 |
| Soluble total sugar (mg/g) | 32.75b | 34.98a | 35.21a | 40.93a | 38.52a | 37.64a |
| Relative increase rate (%) | - | 6.81 | 7.51 | 24.98 | 17.62 | 14.93 |
| Vc(mg/kg) | 11.05b | 11.86a | 12.08a | 12.55a | 12.42a | 12.38a |
| Relative increase rate (%) | - | 7.33 | 9.32 | 13.57 | 12.39 | 12.04 |
| Soluble solids (%) | 4.15b | 4.45a | 4.62a | 4.95a | 4.76a | 4.69a |
| Relative increase rate (%) | - | 7.23 | 11.33 | 19.28 | 14.69 | 13.01 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the yields of the No. 20 Ji-lapping in examples 1-5 are obviously increased compared with the comparative CK, the difference is significant, the yield of the No. 20 Ji-lapping in example 3 is the highest and reaches 3712 kg/mu, and the yields of the No. 20 Ji-lapping in examples 1-5 are respectively 14.55%, 13.18%, 37.08%, 30.35% and 33.86% compared with the comparative yield.
The nitrate content of Ji-20 treated in examples 1-5 is obviously reduced compared with that of the control, and is respectively reduced by 27.58%, 26.72%, 39.63%, 36.23% and 39.18%, and the nitrate content of example 3 is most reduced. The soluble total sugar content of Ji-20 treated in examples 1-5 is obviously increased compared with that of the control, the relative increasing rates respectively reach 6.81%, 7.51%, 24.98%, 17.62% and 14.93%, the increasing effect of example 3 is most obvious, and the soluble total sugar content reaches 40.93mg/g.
The Vc content of Ji-20 processed in examples 1-5 is increased compared with the control, and the relative increase rates respectively reach 7.33%, 9.32%, 13.57%, 12.39% and 12.04%, wherein the Vc content of Ji-20 processed in example 3 is highest and reaches 12.55mg/kg.
The soluble solids content of Ji-20 treated in examples 1-5 was increased by 7.23%, 11.33%, 19.28%, 14.69% and 13.01% respectively compared with the control. Example 3 has a maximum soluble solids content of up to 4.95%.
Comparison of yield and quality of purple sweet pepper under treatment of Table IV different nutrient solution formulas
| Treatment of | CK | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 |
| Mu yield (kg) | 1872b | 2082a | 2132a | 2238a | 2262a | 2257a |
| Relative yield increase (%) | - | 11.22 | 13.89 | 19.55 | 20.83 | 20.57 |
| Nitrate (mg/kg) | 301.71a | 268.74b | 254.62b | 245.88b | 229.34b | 238.51b |
| Relative increase rate (%) | - | -10.93 | -15.61 | -18.50 | -23.99 | -20.95 |
| Soluble total sugar (mg/g) | 31.02b | 33.96a | 33.65a | 36.87a | 37.87a | 34.86a |
| Relative increase rate (%) | - | 9.48 | 8.48 | 18.86 | 22.08 | 12.38 |
| Soluble solids (%) | 4.21b | 4.65a | 4.62a | 4.91a | 5.45a | 4.84a |
| Relative increase rate (%) | - | 10.45 | 9.74 | 16.63 | 29.45 | 14.96 |
As can be seen from Table IV, the yields of the purple sweet peppers in examples 1-5 are obviously increased compared with the control, and the relative increase yields respectively reach 11.22%, 13.89%, 19.55%, 20.83% and 20.57%, wherein the yield of the purple sweet peppers in example 4 is highest, and the per mu yield reaches 2262 kg/mu; the nitrate content of the purple sweet pepper in the treatment of the examples 1-5 is reduced compared with the control, wherein the nitrate content of the purple sweet pepper in the treatment of the example 4 is reduced by 23.99% most compared with the control. The soluble total sugar and soluble solids treated in examples 1-5 were both increased compared to the control, with the most significant increase in the treated purple sweet pepper of example 4, with 22.08% and 29.45% increase in soluble total sugar and soluble solids, respectively, improving quality and mouthfeel.
The water planting nutrient solution disclosed by the invention can be used for increasing the yield, effectively reducing the nitrate content in the peppers, improving the Vc, the soluble total sugar and the soluble solid content, and effectively improving the quality and taste of the peppers by combining the biological characteristics, growth vigor, yield, quality (nitrate, soluble total sugar and soluble solid content) and the like of the Zanthoxylum schinifolium Ji 20 and the Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
6. Conclusion(s)
Analysis of comprehensive biological indexes (including plant height, stem thickness, chlorophyll content, yield and the like) and quality indexes (including nitrate content, soluble solid content, vc content, soluble sugar and the like) shows that:
(1) The formula of the pepper hydroponic nutrient solution with low cost and simple preparation process is screened on the basis of a large number of experiments. The invention provides a nutrient solution formula suitable for the growth of the capsicum, and provides a nutrient solution supply scheme suitable for different growth stages of the capsicum in different growth periods, namely a seedling period, a flowering and fruit setting period and a fruiting period, so that the best nutrition requirement of the capsicum in the whole growth period can be ensured, the nutrient substances are utilized to the greatest extent, the addition amount of salt ions is avoided as far as possible, the accumulation of unnecessary ions in a matrix is reduced, and the recycling of the nutrient solution is facilitated.
(2) The formula can effectively reduce the nitrate content in the capsicum based on yield increase, improve the Vc, the soluble total sugar and the soluble solid content, and effectively improve the quality of capsicum fruits. The nutrient solution inorganic matrix adopted in the invention is used for water planting of the Zanthoxylum schinifolium Ji, 20 # and long lantern type purple sweet pepper, the per mu yield respectively reaches 3065 kg/mu-3712 kg/mu, 2082 kg/mu-2262 kg/mu, and the relative increasing yield respectively reaches 13.18-37.08% and 11.22-20.83%. The inorganic matrix of the nutrient solution is used for water planting of the Zanthoxylum schinifolium Ji 20, the content of nitrate is reduced compared with the control, and the nitrate content is respectively reduced by 27.58-39.63% and 10.93-23.99%. The inorganic matrix of the nutrient solution is used for water planting of the Zanthoxylum schinifolium Ji-grinding No. 20 and the Zanthoxylum schinifolium Roxb, and the content of the soluble total sugar is respectively increased by 34.98-40.93% and 8.48-22.08% compared with the control. The inorganic matrix of the nutrient solution is used for water planting of the Zanthoxylum schinifolium Ji-grinding No. 20 and the Zanthoxylum schinifolium Roxb, and the content of soluble solids is respectively increased by 7.23-19.28% and 9.74-29.45% compared with the control. The Vc content of the nutrient solution inorganic matrix water-cultured ox horn pepper Ji-ground 20 is increased by 7.33-13.57% compared with the control.
Claims (1)
1. The application of the water planting nutrient solution in cultivating the capsicum is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
A. the first stage: adjusting the pH value of the first nutrient solution to be between 5.5 and 6.5, wherein the EC value of the first nutrient solution is between 1.5 and 1.8ds/m, and adopting timing liquid supply to crops; the period from field planting to bud emergence of the capsicum;
B. and a second stage: adjusting the pH value of the first nutrient solution to be 6.5-6.8, wherein the EC value of the first nutrient solution to be 1.8-2.0 ds/m, and adopting timing liquid supply to crops; the stage is a flowering and fruit setting stage, namely a stage from the flowering of the zanthoxylum piperitum to the expansion of the fruits;
C. and a third stage: adjusting the pH value of the second nutrient solution to be between 6.5 and 6.8, and adopting timing liquid supply for crops, wherein the EC value of the second nutrient solution is between 2.0 and 2.5ds/m; the stage is a fruiting stage, namely, the fruits of the zanthoxylum bungeanum are enlarged until the fruits are harvested;
the first nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca（N0 3 ） 2 ▪4H 2 O：900mg/L～910mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：180mg/L～185mg/L；KNO 3 ：230mg/L～238mg/L；MgSO 4 ▪7H 2 O：490mg/L～500mg/L；Fe-EDTA：20mg/L～25mg/L；MnSO 4 ▪4H 2 O：2.1mg/L～2.2mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.80mg/L～2.90mg/L；ZnSO 4 ▪7H 2 O：0.20mg/L～0.25mg/L；CuSO 4 ▪5H 2 O：0.08mg/L～0.1mg/L；（NH 4 ） 2 MoO 4 ▪4H 2 o:0.02mg/L to 0.03mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=1.5 to 2.0ds/m; when the first nutrient solution is used, the root of the cultivated crop is irrigated with the root and applied with the asbolb root for 1 time, and the application amount is 0.5 ml/plant;
the second nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials:
Ca（N0 3 ） 2 ▪4H 2 O：900mg/L～910mg/L；KH 2 PO 4 ：180mg/L～185mg/L；KNO 3 ：400mg/L～410mg/L；MgSO 4 ▪7H 2 O：490mg/L～500mg/L；Fe-EDTA：20mg/L～25mg/L；MnSO 4 ▪4H 2 O：2.1mg/L～2.2mg/L；H 3 BO 3 ：2.80mg/L～2.90mg/L；ZnSO 4 ▪7H 2 O：0.20mg/L～0.25mg/L；CuSO 4 ▪5H 2 O：0.08mg/L～0.1mg/L；（NH 4 ） 2 MoO 4 ▪4H 2 o:0.02mg/L to 0.03mg/L; the balance being water; ph=5.5 to 6.8; ec=2.0 to 2.5ds/m;
in the step A, B, C, the liquid supply time is 8:00-18:00 once every two hours, the liquid supply time in the step A is 10 minutes each time, the liquid supply time in the step B is 15 minutes each time, the liquid supply time in the step C is 20 minutes each time, and vermiculite is used as a soilless culture substrate.
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