CN115448727B - 一种球形碳氮化钛陶瓷粉末的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种球形碳氮化钛陶瓷粉末的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115448727B
CN115448727B CN202211112574.9A CN202211112574A CN115448727B CN 115448727 B CN115448727 B CN 115448727B CN 202211112574 A CN202211112574 A CN 202211112574A CN 115448727 B CN115448727 B CN 115448727B
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秦艳芳
卢金斌
马振武
申刚
齐芳娟
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Abstract

本发明为新型复合陶瓷球形颗粒合成技术领域,公开了一种球形碳氮化钛陶瓷粉末的制备方法:按质量比例称取Ti粉、石墨粉、去离子水和阿拉伯胶得到料浆悬浊液;加入羧甲基纤维素钠分散剂,电机搅拌得到混合均匀料浆溶液;通过高速离心喷雾干燥、收集及过筛,得到粒度为38~74μm的Ti‑C团聚粉,基于高温等离子焰流中Ti‑C‑N2体系的自蔓延反应合成碳氮化钛,随后利用自制冷却装置捕获高温焰流中飞行颗粒,收集干燥得到碳氮化钛球形颗粒。本发明借助高温等离子熔化及反应球化一体化过程,实现Ti、石墨及N2高温化学反应,制备出粒度为1~50μm、球形度高及流动性好的高品质碳氮化钛颗粒,用于传统粉末冶金领域或作为金属基增强体具有极其广阔应用前景。

Description

一种球形碳氮化钛陶瓷粉末的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于新型复合陶瓷球形粉末合成技术领域,尤其涉及一种球形碳氮化钛陶瓷粉末的制备方法。
背景技术
碳氮化钛(TiCN)是作为一种性能优异、用途广泛的难熔非氧化物陶瓷材料,具有熔点高、硬度大、耐腐蚀、摩擦系数小、化学稳定性好等优异的力学和物理化学性能,作为机械加工、汽车制造、航空航天等领域零部件表面的硬化、切削保护、抗磨减磨、表面装饰等功能材料,具有重要的应用意义。
随着注射成型、热喷涂、粉末冶金等技术的蓬勃发展,碳氮化钛粉末的品质(均匀性、稳定性、流动性、粒度分布等)是这些领域最终产品质量的重要保障,而粉末生产是整个产品生产流程中关键。碳氮化钛粉末制备方法种类众多。传统制备碳氮化钛粉末的方法,如二氧化钛碳热还原氮化法、高温固态扩散、高能球磨法等。尽管这些方法在制备碳氮化钛粉末上取得了一定成果,但由于这些方法制备的粉末形状不规则,流动性差、松装密度低。此外,这些制备方法所需的反应温度较高,需在真空管式炉中进行氮化或碳化,耗时长(3~8h),效率较低,造成碳氮化钛粉末的品质较差,极大影响碳氮化钛性能的发挥及其应用范围。例如申请专利CN201911200887.8提供了一种球磨、自蔓延反应、球磨等复合工艺制备碳氮化钛粉末的方法。该方法制备的碳氮化钛粉末流动性差,存在送粉及分散困难,不能实现连续制备及生产。与非球形粉末相比,球形粉末的机械性能在各个方向一致,且流动性好、松装密度高,在粉末冶金及表面工程中更容易获得性能优异的产品,因此寻求高质量碳氮化钛粉末的制备方法很重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种球形度高,流动性好的碳氮化钛球形粉末的制备方法,期望克服上述现有技术问题,制备高品质碳氮化钛粉末。为达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种球形碳氮化钛陶瓷粉末的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、称取Ti粉和石墨粉并混合,然后添加去离子水和阿拉伯胶得到料浆悬浊液;
步骤2、在上述料浆悬浊液中添加羧甲基纤维素钠作为分散剂,然后采用电机搅拌器进行搅拌,得到混合均匀的料浆溶液,其中电机搅拌参数设置为:搅拌速度150~250r/min,搅拌时间1.5~2小时;
步骤3、通过蠕动泵将上述料浆溶液输送进高速离心喷雾室,收集并过筛,得到粒度为38~74μm的Ti-C团聚粉,其中造粉参数设置为:蠕动泵进料速度2~3mL/min,空气进口温度110~140℃,出口温度200~260℃,所述C为石墨;
步骤4、利用氮气送粉气将过筛后Ti-C团聚粉送入高温N2等离子焰流,基于Ti-C-N2体系间自蔓延合成反应,通过冷却装置中冷却介质捕获焰流中飞行粉末,收集、干燥处理得到球形度高,流动性好的碳氮化钛陶瓷粉末,其中,喷涂参数设置为:工作电流480~500A,电弧电压50~75V,氩气流量18~48L/min,氮气流量3~9L/min,氮气送粉速率2~5L/min,冷却装置位于喷枪100~110mm位置;
所述的步骤1中Ti粉粒度为18~48μm,石墨粉粒度为2~5μm。
所述的步骤1中Ti粉和石墨粉的混合方式为机械混合。
所述的步骤1中Ti粉和石墨粉质量配比为4:1、6:1、8:1及10:1。
所述的步骤1中粉末、去离子水及阿拉伯胶质量比为2:2:1。
所述的步骤2中羧甲基纤维素钠质量分数为粉末总重的1~2%。
所述的步骤3中喷雾造粒收集粉末过筛选用100~300目圆孔网筛。
所述的步骤4中所述冷却介质为冷却水或干冰。
所述的步骤4中所述等离子熔化及反应雾化时间为1~2min。
所述的步骤4中所述干燥步骤选用大气环境下干燥箱,保温时间为5~7h,保温温度为60~80℃。
本发明通过上述过程制备的碳氮化钛粉末球形度高、松装密度大、粒径相对可控,产物纯度大于95%,且制备过程工艺较简单。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明通过喷雾造粒法将粒度细小,流动性差的原始Ti粉和C粉团聚为机械咬合的Ti-C团聚粉,可避免等离子熔化及反应雾化过程中因Ti粉氧化造成粉末含氧化过高,石墨质量较轻和烧蚀造成粉末碳含量降低的缺陷;
(2)本发明将筛选后团聚Ti-C粉送入高温N2等离子焰流,并在氮化气氛下发生反应雾化,有利于获得粒径相对集中的球形粉末;
(3)本发明使用N2为等离子气体,提高等离子体热焓值,进而提高Ti-C团聚粉的熔化,促进Ti与C、N2间自蔓延合成反应,即提高碳氮化钛粉末制备生产效率;
(4)本发明所述的干燥温度较低,粉末制备条件可在大气环境下进行,降低设备要求和生产成本;
(5)本发明借助高温等离子熔化、反应及雾化过程,获得球形度高、流动性好、结晶含量高的高品质碳氮化钛粉末,可提高粉末冶金、注塑成型、热喷涂等领域最终产品质量。
附图说明
图1是制备的碳氮化钛粉末的扫描电子显微镜图片;
图2是制备的碳氮化钛粉末的横截面扫描电子显微镜图片;
图3是制备的碳氮化钛粉末的XRD图谱;
具体实施方式
下面结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述,需要指出的是,以下所述实施例旨在便于对本发明的理解,而对其不起任何限定作用。
本实施例中,Ti粉粒度为18μm,石墨粉粒度为2μm,Ti粉与石墨粉质量比为6:1,等离子熔化和反应雾化后制备出的碳氮化钛球形粉末主相为TiCN,包含少量TiC、TiN及TiOx,碳氮化钛的纯度达95%以上,粉末球形度高、松装密度大,流动性好。
实施例1:
(1)按钛粉和石墨粉质量比6:1,电子天平称取180g钛粉和30g石墨粉并机械混合,所用钛粉粒度为18μm、石墨粒度为2μm,随后往混合粉中添加210g去离子水和105g阿拉伯胶制备料浆悬浊液,采用电机搅拌器搅拌1.5~2h,搅拌速度为150r/min,并同时添加2g羧甲基纤维素钠作为料浆粉末分散剂,以便得到混合均匀的料浆溶液;
(2)启动高速离子喷雾造粒机,当空气进口温度达到110℃以上,出口温度达到220℃后,通过蠕动泵以3~5mL/min速度将上述料浆溶液输送进高速离心喷雾室,待料浆传送结束5min,卸下粉末收集罐,然后对收集的粉末进行100目~300目圆孔筛分,得到粒度为38~74μm的Ti-C团聚粉,所述C为石墨粉末;
(3)利用氮气送粉气将过筛后Ti-C团聚粉送入高温N2等离子焰流,基于Ti-C-N2体系间自蔓延反应原位合成碳氮化钛,同时通过气流雾化作用将碳氮化钛液滴雾化成微细液滴,并在表面张力作用下凝聚成球状,并在随后冷却过程中凝固保持形状,收集后进行干燥,得到球形粉末,其中,等离子熔化和反应雾化参数设置为:工作电流480~500A,电弧电压50~75V,氩气流量18~48L/min,氮气流量3~9L/min,氮气送粉速率2~5L/min,所述冷却介质为冷却水或干冰,所述干燥条件为:大气环境下60~80℃干燥,保温5~7h。
图1是上述制得的碳氮化钛粉末的SEM图。可以看出在等离子熔化和反应雾化一体化过程中制备的碳氮化钛粉末呈现近球形或球形,流动性好,且球形颗粒表面光滑,粉末粒径范围在1~50μm间。
图2是上述制得的碳氮化钛粉末的横截面SEM图。可以看出制备的粉末大部分为实心球形颗粒,仅有少量孔洞,可知制备的粉末松装密度高。
图2是上述制得的碳氮化钛粉末的XRD图谱。由图可知,该方法制备的粉末主相为TiCN,杂峰较少,制备的碳氮化钛粉末纯度达95%以上,杂质氧含量低于2%。
实施例2:
本实施例中,Ti粉粒度为18μm,石墨粉粒度为2μm,Ti粉与石墨粉质量比为10:1,等离子熔化和反应雾化后制备出的碳氮化钛粉末以TiCN和TiN为主相,包含少量TiC及TiOx,碳氮化钛的结晶度和纯度达到90%以上,粉末球形度高流动性好、松装密度好,对比实例1球形颗粒,本实例制备的球形粉末粒径有所降低。
碳氮化钛粉末的制备方法如下:
喷雾造粒制备Ti-C团聚粉、等离子熔化和反应雾化及粉末冷却收集的步骤与实例1相同,区别在于称取的钛粉和石墨粉质量比为10:1。
上述制得的碳氮化钛粉末SEM图类似图1所示,粉末球形度较高,粒径有所降低,松装密度较高。
上述制得的碳氮化钛粉末的XRD图谱类似图2所示,该方法制备出的粉末以TiCN和TiN为主相,碳氮化钛纯度达到90%以上,杂质氧含量增至2%~4%。
实施例3:
本实施例中,Ti粉粒度为48μm,石墨粉粒度为5μm,Ti粉与石墨粉质量比为10:1,等离子熔化和反应雾化后制备出的碳氮化钛球形粉末以TiCN和TiN为主相,TiO2及钛的氧化物衍射峰增强,制备的碳氮化钛的纯度85%以上,粉末球形度有所降低,形成较多中空颗粒,松装密度大幅降低。
碳氮化钛粉末的制备方法如下:
喷雾造粒制备Ti-C团聚粉、等离子熔化和反应雾化及粉末冷却收集的步骤与实例1相同,区别在于钛粉粒度为48μm,,石墨粒度为5μm,电子天平称取钛粉和石墨粉的质量比为10:1。
上述制得的碳氮化钛粉末SEM图类似图1所示,粉末球形度较高,对比实例1,本实例制备的粉末粒径和松装密度均有所降低。
上述制得的碳氮化钛粉末的XRD图谱类似图2所示,该方法制备出的粉末以TiCN和TiN为主相,TiO2及钛的氧化物衍射峰增强,碳氮化钛粉末纯度达到85%以上,杂质氧含量增加至5%以上。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明未尽事宜为公知技术。

Claims (3)

1.一种球形碳氮化钛陶瓷粉末的制备方法,其特征为包括以下步骤:
步骤1、按钛粉和石墨粉质量比6:1,电子天平称取180g钛粉和30g石墨粉并机械混合,所用钛粉粒度为18μm、石墨粒度为2μm,随后往混合粉中添加210g去离子水和105g阿拉伯胶制备料浆悬浊液;
步骤2、采用电机搅拌器搅拌1.5~2h,搅拌速度为150 r/min,并同时添加2g羧甲基纤维素钠作为料浆粉末分散剂,以便得到混合均匀的料浆溶液;
步骤3、通过蠕动泵将上述料浆溶液输送进高速离心喷雾室,然后收集、过筛得到粒度为38~74μm的Ti-C团聚粉,其中离心喷雾参数为:蠕动泵进料速度2~5mL/min,空气进口温度110~140℃,出口温度200~260℃,所述C为石墨;
步骤4、利用送粉气将过筛后Ti-C团聚粉送入高温N2等离子焰流,基于Ti-C-N2体系间自蔓延合成反应,同时借助气流雾化作用将碳氮化钛液滴雾化成微细液滴,并在表面张力作用下凝聚成球状,在随后冷却过程中凝固保持形状,收集、干燥得到球形度高,流动性好的碳氮化钛球形粉末,其中,等离子熔化及反应雾化参数设置为:工作电流480~500A,电弧电压50~75V,氩气流量18~48L/min,氮气流量3~9L/min,送粉速率2~5 L/min,冷却介质为冷却水或干冰。
2.如权利要求1所述的球形碳氮化钛陶瓷粉末的制备方法,其特征为所述的步骤4中所述干燥步骤选用大气环境下干燥箱,保温时间为5~7h,保温温度为60~80℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的球形碳氮化钛陶瓷粉末的制备方法,其特征为所述的步骤4中所述氮气作为送粉气及反应气,氩气作为保护气体。
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