CN115444780A - 具有包含烟酰胺和氨基酸的谷胱甘肽前体的个人护理组合物 - Google Patents
具有包含烟酰胺和氨基酸的谷胱甘肽前体的个人护理组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115444780A CN115444780A CN202211246126.8A CN202211246126A CN115444780A CN 115444780 A CN115444780 A CN 115444780A CN 202211246126 A CN202211246126 A CN 202211246126A CN 115444780 A CN115444780 A CN 115444780A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于增强皮肤细胞内谷胱甘肽合成的局部个人护理组合物,其含有氨基酸和烟酰胺。所述组合物可用于改善由于暴露于UV光/日光或环境污染物而导致的随时间老化或光老化的皮肤外观。所述组合物还可用于获得均匀肤色并减少色素沉着、老年斑和变色。
Description
本申请是2017年12月18日提交的名称为“具有包含烟酰胺和氨基酸的谷胱甘肽前体的个人护理组合物”的第“201780079918.1”号申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及含有增加皮肤细胞内谷胱甘肽产生的成分的局部个人护理组合物。
背景技术
谷胱甘肽(GSH)是由谷氨酸盐、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸组成的三肽。其存在于所有哺乳动物组织中。它是活体中的主要抗氧化剂:它通过淬灭活性氧物种来保护细胞免受氧化。GSH被认为在保护细胞免受电离辐射、热、某些化学物质和显著的太阳UV辐射的细胞毒性作用中起重要作用(Tyrell等,Photochem.Photobiol.47:405—412,1988;Meister,J.Biol.Chem.263:205—217,1988;Meister,Science 200:471—477,1985)。虽然在身体的所有区域都是如此,但这在皮肤中特别重要,因为皮肤极大地暴露于辐射、特别是UV辐射和环境污染物的破坏性作用。皮肤中谷胱甘肽的细胞内浓度的降低与细胞损伤、炎症、皮肤变暗、变色、由暴露于紫外辐射所引起的斑点或雀斑、生理衰老等相关。因此,非常期望增强皮肤中谷胱甘肽的产生。
一种合乎逻辑的方法似乎是向细胞提供GSH的外源性源(例如通过摄入或局部递送)。不幸的是,GSH在外源性施加时是不可生物利用的,即在细胞外定位时,它分解成其组成氨基酸(谷氨酸盐、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸),用于GSH三肽的细胞摄取和合成。因此,GSH不被直接转运至细胞中,因此本身不会导致谷胱甘肽的细胞内增加。GSH的生物合成在细胞中以严密调节的方式发生。细胞中谷胱甘肽的量在很大程度上取决于细胞中半胱氨酸的可用性。半胱氨酸是GSH的组成氨基酸,可增加GSH的细胞含量,但半胱氨酸的暴露的巯基使其不稳定并具有反应性,并且还引起强烈的令人不快的气味。与半胱氨酸不同,胱氨酸可安全施用;胱氨酸被转运至细胞中并在细胞内转化为半胱氨酸,然后半胱氨酸可用于细胞内GSH的产生。
已经描述了含有各种氨基酸和其它皮肤护理活性物的局部组合物,参见例如Tanojo的US7300649B、Laboratoire Filorga产品、Schlachter的WO 00/03689、Ermolin等的US2011183040、Garlen等的US4,707,354、Muller等的US 8,361,446、Hermann等的US8241681。已经描述了用于增强细胞内谷胱甘肽产生的组合物。参见例如Chiba等的美国专利7,740,831、Crum等(USRE37934、USRE42645、WO2016/033183和US20050271726);Mammone的美国专利6,149,925和Perricone的US 20060063718。
胱氨酸通常来源于膳食。然而,从局部组合物中递送胱氨酸是具有挑战性的,因为其在中性pH范围内在生物学上可接受的载体中的溶解度极低,所述pH范围是局部施加所需的pH范围。胱氨酸在水中的溶解度在25℃下为0.112mg/ml;胱氨酸更易溶于pH小于2或pH高于8的水溶液中。
本发明部分基于令人惊讶的发现,即氨基酸与烟酰胺的组合实现了细胞内谷胱甘肽含量的协同增加,因此抵消了胱氨酸在中性pH下溶解度低的缺点。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,根据本发明的个人护理组合物包含:
a.谷胱甘肽前体,其以所述组合物的重量计包含
i.约0.001%至约2%的胱氨酸;
ii.约0.01%至约10%的谷氨酸盐源;
iii.约0.01%至约10%的甘氨酸;和
iv.约0.01%至约5%的烟酰胺;和
b.化妆品上可接受的载体;
c.其中所述组合物的pH在约3.5至约8.5的范围内。
在一个实施方案中,局部化妆品皮肤组合物是免洗型组合物,尤其是免洗型非固体组合物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供改善皮肤外观的方法,其包括向皮肤施加个人护理组合物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了获得均匀肤色并减少色素沉着、老年斑和变色的方法,其包括向皮肤施加所述组合物。
本发明的组合物增强皮肤细胞中谷胱甘肽的合成,因此可用于改善由暴露于UV光/日光或环境污染物而导致的随时间老化或光老化的皮肤外观。获得组合物益处的优选方法是通过组合物的定期/长期局部施加,以防止甚至日常暴露于UV光或产生活性氧物种的其它环境危害可能导致的皮肤损伤的发展。
发明详细描述
在整个说明书和权利要求书中,除非上下文另有明确规定,否则以下术语采用本文明确相关的含义。
如本文所用的短语"在一个实施方案中"和"在一些实施方案中"不一定是指相同的实施方案,尽管它可以指相同的实施方案。此外,如本文所用的短语“在另一实施方案中”和“在一些其它实施方案中”不一定是指不同的实施方案,尽管它可以指不同的实施方案。因此,如下文所述,在不脱离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可容易地组合本发明的各种实施方案。另外,结合本发明的各种实施方案给出的每个实施例意在是说明性的而非限制性的。
除了在实施例中或者另有明确指示的情况下以外,本说明书中指示材料的量或反应条件、材料的物理性质和/或用途的所有数字均应理解为由词语“约”修饰。除非另有说明,否则所有量均以最终组合物的重量计。本文所发现的本发明的公开内容应被认为涵盖在多重从属于彼此的权利要求中所发现的所有实施方案,而不考虑在没有多重从属或冗余的情况下可能发现的权利要求的事实。在指定浓度或量的任何范围时,任何特定的较高浓度均可与任何特定的较低浓度或量相关联。
“包括”意在指“包含”,但不一定是“由……组成”或“由……构成”。换句话说,所列的步骤或选项不必是穷尽性的。
“皮肤”意在包括面部、颈部,胸部、背部、臂部(包括腋下)、手、腿、臀部和头皮上的皮肤。
“免洗型组合物”是指如下组合物,与施加后立即或几分钟就被洗去或洗掉的皮肤清洁或洗掉型或洗去型组合物相比,其被施加至皮肤,并在一段时间内、特别是在几小时内不打算将其洗去或洗掉。
“非固体”针对所述组合物意指该组合物具有在1Pas至500Pas、优选2Pas至100Pas、更优选3Pas至50Pas范围内的可测量粘度(例如可用布氏粘度计DV-I+(20RPM,RV6,30秒,20℃)测量)。
“个人护理组合物”是指施加至于人体用于改善外观、防晒、清洁、气味控制、保湿或一般美观的任何产品。个人护理组合物的非限制性实例包括护肤水、霜剂、凝胶、乳剂、面膜、棒剂、洗发剂、调理剂、沐浴凝胶、盥洗皂条、止汗剂、除臭剂、剃须膏、脱毛剂、唇膏、粉底、睫毛膏、无日照晒黑剂和防晒乳剂。
“皮肤化妆品组合物”是指施加至人体用于改善外观、防晒、减少皱纹外观或其它光老化迹象、气味控制、皮肤增亮、均化肤色或一般美观性的任何产品。局部化妆品皮肤组合物的非限制性实例包括护肤水、霜剂、面膜、凝胶、棒剂、止汗剂、除臭剂、唇膏、粉底、睫毛膏、液体或凝胶沐浴露、皂条、无日照晒黑剂和防晒乳剂。
本技术的个人护理组合物优选免洗型非固体皮肤化妆品组合物,因为由于胱氨酸的低溶解度而在掺入胱氨酸方面最具挑战性。
谷胱甘肽(“GSH”)前体
根据本发明的GSH前体包含氨基酸(谷氨酸盐和胱氨酸以及任选存在的甘氨酸)和4-取代的resonicotinamidercinol。在一个实施方案中,谷胱甘肽前体中的氨基酸是胱氨酸和谷氨酸盐源。在一个实施方案中,谷胱甘肽前体中的氨基酸是胱氨酸和谷氨酸盐源以及甘氨酸。
包含在本发明组合物中的氨基酸以L立体异构体存在,因为这是在自然界中发现的最丰富和天然的异构形式。由于在人皮肤、毛发和指甲中发现的天然存在的蛋白质的构建模块是具有L异构形式的氨基酸,因此预计本发明的个人护理产品内所含的L立体异构体氨基酸与D立体异构形式相比,可具有更大的与这些蛋白质的相互作用,所述相互作用在本质上固有地更加生物相容。另外,与D立体异构体形式相比,L立体异构体氨基酸的商业生产和供应显著更高。最后,与D立体异构体氨基酸相比,L立体异构体氨基酸生产起来也更具成本效益,更可持续,更生态友好,并且可以更低的成本得到。
包含在本发明中的任何氨基酸可以呈盐、酯或其盐的形式,本说明书中所用的术语“胱氨酸”、“谷氨酸盐源”和“甘氨酸”还涵盖盐、酯和此类酯的盐。盐、酯和此类酯的盐不受特别限制,只要它对局部施加是可接受的即可。例如,可提及与无机酸或有机酸或阴离子型表面活性剂的盐。作为无机酸,可提及例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸等,作为直链、支链或环状、饱和或不饱和、未取代或经杂原子取代的C1-C18有机酸,可提及例如甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、酒石酸、草酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、柠檬酸、丙二酸、甲磺酸、硬脂酸、油酸、12-羟基硬脂酸、蓖麻油酸等。
作为与碱的盐,可提及例如碱金属盐如钠盐、钾盐等,碱土金属盐如钙盐、镁盐等等。
作为与碱的盐,可提及例如碱金属盐如钠盐、钾盐等,碱土金属盐如钙盐、镁盐等等。
氨基酸的酯通常是C1-C8酯或其盐,或可选择地为C1-C5酯,或可选择地为C1-C3酯。此类酯可以是直链或支链或环状的。尤其胱氨酸的酯是有益的,因为与胱氨酸相比,它们的溶解度增加。胱氨酸的甲酯和乙酯或其盐是最优选的,因为它们具有促进谷胱甘肽产生和提供抗氧化活性的功效。当使用酯的盐时,与上面列出的相同的盐是适合的。
谷氨酸盐源可以其功能等同物的形式存在-可采用谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸和/或焦谷氨酸和/或它们的盐。优选焦谷氨酸(和/或其盐),因为它比谷氨酰胺或谷氨酸更稳定。在一个实施方案中,GSH前体中的氨基酸是胱氨酸和焦谷氨酸(和/或其盐)。在一个实施方案中,GSH前体中的氨基酸是胱氨酸和焦谷氨酸以及甘氨酸(和/或其盐或其酯)。
烟酰胺是包括在本发明中的GSH前体的组分。如本发明中所用的烟酰胺由下式I描述:
其中R是-CONH2。
用于本发明中的烟酰胺化合物可以能够形成盐、络合物、水合物和溶剂合物。适合的盐选自氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、乙酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸盐、柠檬酸盐、氨基甲酸盐、甲酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、乳酸盐、脂肪酸羧酸盐、脂肪酸二羧酸盐、草酸盐、甲基溴化物、甲基硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、二磷酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐或三氟乙酸盐。
已发现,借助于包括如本文所述的氨基酸和烟酰胺,使谷胱甘肽的产生协同增加,因此克服了胱氨酸有限的溶解度的缺点。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物是pH为3.5至8.5的包含谷胱甘肽前体的个人护理局部乳液、乳剂、凝胶、霜剂或雪花膏形式的免洗型非固体组合物,所述谷胱甘肽前体包含胱氨酸、谷氨酸盐(尤其是焦谷氨酸或其盐,例如焦谷氨酸钠)和烟酰胺。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物是pH为3.5至8.5、pH尤其为5至8的包含谷胱甘肽前体的个人护理局部乳液、乳剂、凝胶、霜剂或雪花膏形式的免洗型非固体组合物,所述谷胱甘肽前体包含胱氨酸、甘氨酸和烟酰胺。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物是pH为3.5至8.5、pH尤其为5至8的包含谷胱甘肽前体的个人护理局部乳液、乳剂、凝胶、霜剂或雪花膏形式的免洗型非固体组合物,所述谷胱甘肽前体包含胱氨酸、谷氨酸盐(尤其是焦谷氨酸或其盐,例如焦谷氨酸钠)、甘氨酸和烟酰胺。
量
在一个实施方案中,胱氨酸以0.001%至2%、或可选择地0.005%至1%、或0.008%至0.5%、或可选择地0.008%至0.4%的量被包含。在一个实施方案中,谷氨酸盐源(优选焦谷胺酸盐)以0.01%至10%、或可选择地0.01%至5%、或0.05%至1%、或可选择地0.05%至0.5%的量被包含。在一个实施方案中,甘氨酸源以0.01%至10%、或可选择地0.01%至5%、或0.05%至1%、或可选择地0.05%至0.5%的量被包含。在一个实施方案中,烟酰胺以0.05%至10%、或可选择地0.1%至8%、或0.2%至5%的量被包含。
与组合物中氨基酸的总量相比,烟酰胺的量远远占优势。在一个实施方案中,烟酰胺与总氨基酸的重量比为20:1至50:1。在一个实施方案中,重量比为25:1至45:1。
载体
本发明的组合物还包含化妆品上可接受的载体。载体的量可在1%至99.9%、优选70%至95%、最佳80%至90%的范围。有用的载体中,有水、润肤剂、脂肪酸、脂肪醇、增稠剂和它们的组合。载体可以是水性的、无水的或乳液。优选地,所述组合物是水性的,尤其是油包水或水包油型的水和油乳液(water and oil emulsions)、或水包油包水或油包水包油变型的多重乳液。当水存在时,其量可在5重量%至95重量%、优选约20重量%至约70重量%、最佳35重量%至60重量%的范围。
润肤剂材料可充当化妆品上可接受的载体。这些可以呈硅油、天然或合成酯、烃、醇和脂肪酸的形式。润肤剂的量可以是以组合物的重量计0.1至95%、优选1%至50%范围内的任意值。
硅油可分为挥发性和非挥发性的种类。如本文所用的术语“挥发性”是指在环境温度下具有可测量的蒸气压的那些材料。挥发性硅油优选选自含有3至9个、优选5至6个硅原子的环状的(环甲基硅酮(cyclomethicone))或直链聚二甲基硅氧烷。可用作润肤剂材料的非挥发性硅油包括聚烷基硅氧烷、聚烷基芳基硅氧烷和聚醚硅氧烷共聚物。可用于本文中的基本上非挥发性的聚烷基硅氧烷包括例如在25℃下粘度为5×10-6至0.1m2/s的二甲聚硅氧烷(Dimethicone)。在可用于本组合物中的优选的非挥发性润肤剂中,有在25℃下粘度为1×10-5至约4×10-4m2/s的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
另一类非挥发性硅酮是乳化和非乳化的硅酮弹性体。该类别的代表是作为DowCorning 9040、General Electric SFE 839和Shin-Etsu KSG-18获得的二甲聚硅氧烷/乙烯基二甲聚硅氧烷交联聚合物。还可使用硅酮蜡,如Silwax WS-L(二甲聚硅氧烷共聚醇月桂酸酯)。
酯润肤剂包括:
a)具有10至24个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸的烷基酯。其实例包括新戊酸山萮酯、异壬酸异壬酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和硬脂酸辛酯。
b)醚酯,如乙氧基化饱和脂肪醇的脂肪酸酯。
c)多元醇酯。乙二醇单脂肪酸酯和乙二醇二脂肪酸酯、二甘醇单脂肪酸酯和二甘醇二脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇(200-6000)单脂肪酸酯和聚乙二醇(200-6000)二脂肪酸酯、丙二醇单脂肪酸酯和丙二醇二脂肪酸酯、聚丙二醇2000单硬脂酸酯、乙氧基化丙二醇单硬脂酸酯、单脂肪酸甘油酯和二脂肪酸甘油酯、聚甘油聚脂肪酯、乙氧基化单硬脂酸甘油酯、1,3-丁二醇单硬脂酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯多元醇脂肪酸酯、失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯是令人满意的多元醇酯。特别有用的是季戊四醇、三羟甲基丙烷和C1-C30醇的新戊二醇酯。
d)蜡酯,如蜂蜡、鲸蜡和三山萮精蜡(tribehenin wax)。
e)脂肪酸的糖酯,如蔗糖聚山萮酸酯和蔗糖聚棉籽酸酯。
天然酯润肤剂主要基于甘油单酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯。代表性的甘油酯包括向日葵籽油、棉籽油、琉璃苣油、琉璃苣籽油、月见草油、蓖麻油和氢化蓖麻油、米糠油、大豆油、橄榄油、红花油、牛油树脂、霍霍巴油和它们的组合。动物来源的润肤剂由羊毛脂油和羊毛脂衍生物代表。天然酯的量可在以所述组合物的重量计0.1%至20%的范围。
适合作为化妆品上可接受的载体的烃包括矿脂、矿物油、C11-C13异链烷烃、聚丁烯,且尤其是可作为Permethyl101A从Presperse Inc.商购得到的异十六烷。
具有10至30个碳原子的脂肪酸也可适合作为化妆品上可接受的载体。该类别的实例是壬酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、羟基硬脂酸和山萮酸及它们的混合物。
具有10至30个碳原子的脂肪醇是另一有用类别的化妆品上可接受的载体。该类别的实例是硬脂醇、月桂醇、肉豆蔻醇、油醇和鲸蜡醇及它们的混合物。
增稠剂或流变改性剂可用作根据本发明的组合物的化妆品上可接受的载体的一部分。典型的增稠剂包括交联的丙烯酸酯(例如Carbopol)、疏水改性的丙烯酸酯(例如Carbopol)、聚丙烯酰胺(例如Sepigel)、丙烯酰甲基丙烷磺酸/盐聚合物和共聚物(例如Aristoflex和)、纤维素衍生物和天然胶。在有用的纤维素衍生物中有羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、乙基纤维素和羟甲基纤维素。适于本发明的天然胶包括瓜尔胶、黄原胶、菌核、角叉菜胶、果胶以及这些胶的组合。无机物也可用作增稠剂,特别是粘土如膨润土和锂蒙脱石、热解二氧化硅、滑石、碳酸钙和硅酸盐如硅酸镁铝增稠剂的量可在0.0001%至10%、通常0.001%至1%、或0.01%至0.5%的范围。
尤其对于意在施加于面部的产品,优选可用于改善感官性质的润肤剂,并且其选自以下的组:聚丙二醇-14丁基醚(也称为Tegosoft PBE)或PPG15硬脂醚如Tegosoft E、其它油如酯,特别是肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯,其它油可包括蓖麻油和其衍生物。
多元醇类型的湿润剂可用作化妆品上可接受的载体。典型的多元醇包括甘油、聚亚烷基二醇且更优选亚烷基多元醇和它们的衍生物,包括丙二醇、二丙甘醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇和其衍生物、山梨糖醇、羟丙基山梨糖醇、己二醇、1,3-丁二醇、异戊二醇、1,2,6-己三醇、乙氧基化甘油、丙氧基化甘油和其混合物。湿润剂的量可以是以组合物的重量计0.5%至50%且优选1%至15%范围内的任意值。
可包括皮肤保湿剂,例如透明质酸和/或其前体N-乙酰葡糖胺。N-乙酰葡糖胺可在鲨鱼软骨或香菇(shitake mushroom)中发现,并且可从Maypro Industries Inc.(纽约)商购得到。其它优选的保湿剂包括羟丙基三(C1-C3烷基)铵盐。这些盐可以各种合成工艺获得,最特别是通过水解氯羟丙基三(C1-C3烷基)铵盐获得。最优选的物质是1,2-二羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,其中C1-C3烷基是甲基。所述盐的量可在以局部组合物的重量计0.2%至30%且优选0.5%至20%、最佳1%至12%的范围,包括其中所包含的所有范围。
通常季铵化铵基上的C1-C3烷基组分可以是甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基或羟乙基和其混合物。特别优选通过INCI命名法称为“三甲铵(trimonium)”基团的三甲基铵基团。任何阴离子均可用于季铵盐中。阴离子可以是有机或无机的,条件是所述材料是化妆品上可接受的。典型的无机阴离子是卤离子、硫酸根、磷酸根、硝酸根和硼酸根。最优选是卤离子,尤其是氯离子。有机阴离子抗衡离子包括甲硫酸根、甲苯酰硫酸根、乙酸根、柠檬酸根、酒石酸根、乳酸根、葡糖酸根和苯磺酸根。
尤其是结合上述铵盐可使用的其它仍优选的保湿剂包括取代的脲,如羟甲基脲、羟乙基脲、羟丙基脲;双(羟甲基)脲;双(羟乙基)脲;双(羟丙基)脲;N,N’-二羟甲基脲;N,N’-二羟乙基脲;N,N’-二羟丙基脲;N,N,N’-三羟乙基脲;四(羟甲基)脲;四(羟乙基)脲;四(羟丙基)脲;N-甲基,N’-羟乙基脲;N-乙基-N’-羟乙基脲;N-羟丙基-N’-羟乙基脲和N,N’二甲基-N-羟乙基脲。当术语羟丙基出现时,该含义对3-羟基正丙基、2-羟基正丙基、3-羟基异丙基或2-羟基异丙基是通用的。最优选的是羟乙基脲。后者可以商标Hydrovance作为50%水性液体从ICI的National Starch&Chemical Division获得。可用于本发明的局部组合物中的取代脲的量在0.01%至20%或0.5%至15%或2%至10%的范围。
当使用铵盐和/或取代的脲时,在最尤其优选的实施方案中,使用至少0.01%至25%或0.2%至20%或1%至15%的湿润剂,如甘油。用于本文中的其它保湿剂包括矿脂和/或各种水通道蛋白(aquaporin)操作活性物和/或燕麦仁粉。
组合物的pH
在一个实施方案中,个人护理组合物的pH为3.5至8.5。在一些实施方案中,个人护理组合物的pH为pH 3.5至pH 8。在一些实施方案中,个人护理组合物的pH为pH 5至pH 7.8。在一些实施方案中,个人护理组合物的pH为5至7.5。
优选的任选成分
在一些实施方案中,本发明的个人护理组合物、尤其是免洗型皮肤化妆品组合物含有防晒剂。这些通常是有机防晒剂和无机防晒剂的组合。特别重要的是包括UV-A和UV-B辐射防晒剂。
UV-B防晒油可选自肉桂酸、水杨酸、二苯基丙烯酸或其衍生物的类别。UV-B防晒油可包括水杨酸辛酯、2-羟基苯甲酸3,3,5-三甲基环己酯、水杨酸乙基己酯、2-氰基-3,3-二苯基-2-丙烯酸2-乙基己酯或4-甲氧基肉桂酸2-乙基己酯(也被称为甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯或“OMC”)中的一种或多种。此类UV-B防晒油通常可商购得到,如OctisalateTM(水杨酸辛酯)、HomosalateTM(2-羟基苯甲酸3,3,5-三甲基环己酯)、NeoHeliopanTM(一系列有机UV过滤剂,包括OMC(Neo Heliopan AVTM)和水杨酸乙基己酯(Neo Heliopan OSTM))、OctocryleneTM和Milestab 3039TM(2-氰基-3,3-二苯基-2-丙烯酸2-乙基己酯)或Parsol MCXTM(4-甲氧基肉桂酸2-乙基己酯)。个人护理组合物中UV-B防晒油的量可以是0.1重量%至20重量%、或0.2重量%至10重量%、或0.5重量%至7重量%、或2重量%至6重量%。
个人护理组合物可进一步包含水溶性UV-B防晒剂。水溶性UV-B防晒剂还可包括苯基苯并咪唑磺酸(也被称为恩索利唑(ensulizole))、4-氨基苯甲酸(也被称为对氨基苯甲酸或“PABA”),或两者。
任何一个上述实施方案的个人护理组合物可进一步包含0.1重量%至10重量%的UV-A防晒油。UV-A防晒油可包括以下中的一种或多种:4-叔丁基-4'-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷(“阿伏苯宗”)、2-甲基二苯甲酰基甲烷、4-甲基-二苯甲酰基-乙烷、4-异丙基二苯甲酰基-甲烷、4-叔丁基二苯甲酰基甲烷、2,4-二甲基二苯甲酰基甲烷、2,5-二甲基二苯甲酰基甲烷、4,4'-二异丙基二苯甲酰基甲烷、2-甲基-5-异丙基-4'-甲氧基-二苯甲酰基甲烷、2-甲基-5-叔丁基-4'-甲氧基-二苯甲酰基甲烷、2,4-二甲基-4'-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷、2,6-二甲基-4-叔丁基-4'-甲氧基-二苯甲酰基甲烷、二乙氨基羟基苯甲酰基苯甲酸己酯、依莰舒(ecamsule)或邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯。个人护理组合物中UV-A防晒油的量可以是0.5重量%至7重量%或1重量%至5重量%。
适用于个人护理组合物中的其它适合的防晒油包括可从BASF公司商购得到的那些:Uvinul T-150(乙基己基三嗪酮;UV-B防晒油),UvinulA Plus(二乙氨基羟基苯甲酰基苯甲酸己酯;UV-A防晒油)、Tinosorb S(双乙基己氧基酚甲氧基苯基三嗪;UV-A和UV-B防晒油)、Tinosorb M(亚甲基双苯并三唑基四甲基丁基酚;UV-A和UV-B防晒油)。苯基二苯并咪唑四磺酸酯二钠(Bisdisulizone disodium)也可包含在个人护理组合物中。
UV-A防晒油和UV-B防晒油的特别优选的组合是阿伏苯宗和4-甲氧基肉桂酸2-乙基己酯。
在一些实施方案中,防晒剂是无机防晒剂。适用于本发明皮肤护理组合物中的无机防晒剂的实例包括但不限于微细二氧化钛、氧化锌、聚乙烯和各种其它聚合物。术语“微细”意指平均大小在10-200纳米、或者20-100纳米范围内的粒子。当存在于根据本发明的一些实施方案的皮肤护理配制物中时,防晒剂的量可在0.1%至30%、或者2%至20%、或者4%至10%的范围。
除了本文所包含的烟酰胺之外,本发明的组合物优选还包含皮肤增亮化合物,以便以最佳成本获得最佳的皮肤增亮性能。说明性物质是胎盘提取物、乳酸、间苯二酚(4-取代的间苯二酚、2,5-二取代的间苯二酚、4,5-二取代的间苯二酚和4,6二取代的间苯二酚,特别是4-己基间苯二酚、4-甲基间苯二酚、4-丁基间苯二酚、4-异丙基间苯二酚、苯乙基间苯二酚)、熊果苷、曲酸、阿魏酸、氢醌、间苯二酚衍生物(包括二取代的间苯二酚)和它们的组合。在一个实施方案中,此类皮肤增亮化合物是酪氨酸酶抑制剂,最优选选自由曲酸、氢醌和4取代的间苯二酚组成的组的化合物。还有由式HOOC-(CxHy)-COOH(其中x=4至20并且y=6至40)表示的二羧酸,如壬二酸、癸二酸、草酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、十八烯二酸(例如Arlatone DC)或它们的盐或其混合物,最优选富马酸或其盐,尤其是二钠盐。已发现尤其是对于皮肤增亮配制物,特别优选12HSA与富马酸或其盐的组合。这些试剂的量可在以组合物的重量计0.1%至10%、优选0.5%至2%的范围。优选根据本发明的皮肤增亮共活性剂(coactive)是4-烷基间苯二酚和/或12-羟基硬脂酸。
本发明组合物的另一优选成分是类视黄醇。如本文所用,“类视黄醇”包括维生素A或视黄醇样化合物的在皮肤中具有维生素A的生物活性的所有天然和/或合成类似物以及这些化合物的几何异构体和立体异构体。类视黄醇优选视黄醇、视黄醇酯(例如,视黄醇的C2-C22烷基酯,包括棕榈酸视黄酯、乙酸视黄酯、丙酸视黄酯)、视黄醛和/或视黄酸(包括全反式视黄酸和/或13-顺式-视黄酸),更优选除视黄酸以外的类视黄醇。这些化合物是本领域众所周知的,并且可以从许多来源商购得到,例如Sigma Chemical Company(St.Louis,Mo.)和Boerhinger Mannheim(Indianapolis,Ind.)。可用于本文中的其它类视黄醇描述于1987年6月30日颁予Parish等的美国专利第4,677,120号;1989年12月5日颁予Parish等的美国专利第4,885,311号;1991年9月17日颁予Purcell等的美国专利第5,049,584号;1992年6月23日颁予Purcell等的美国专利第5,124,356号;和1992年9月22日颁予Purcell等的美国专利再颁发第34,075号中。其它适合的类视黄醇是视黄酸生育酚酯(视黄酸(反式或顺式)的生育酚酯)、阿达帕林(adapalene){6-[3-(1-金刚烷基)-4-甲氧基苯基]-2-萘甲酸}和他扎罗汀(tazarotene)(6-[2-(4,4-二甲基二氢苯并噻喃-6-基)-乙炔基]烟酸乙酯)。优选的类视黄醇是视黄醇、棕榈酸视黄酯、乙酸视黄酯、丙酸视黄酯、视黄醛和它们的组合。类视黄醇优选大体上是纯的,更优选基本上是纯的。本发明的组合物可含有安全且有效量的类视黄醇,使得所得组合物对于调节角质组织病症,优选对于调节皮肤中的可见和/或可触的不连续性,更优选对于调节皮肤老化迹象,甚至更优选对于调节与皮肤老化相关的皮肤质地中的可见和/或可触的不连续性是安全且有效的。所述组合物优选含有0.005%至2%或0.01%至2%的类视黄醇。视黄醇优选以或0.01%至0.15%的量使用;视黄醇酯优选以0.01%至2%(例如1%)的量使用;视黄酸优选以0.01%至0.25%的量使用;并且视黄酸生育酚酯、阿达帕林和他扎罗汀优选以0.01%至2%的量使用。
各种草本提取物可任选地包含在本发明的组合物中。实例是石榴、白桦(BetulaAlba)、绿茶、甘菊、甘草和其提取物组合。所述提取物可以是溶剂中携带的分别为亲水性或疏水性的水溶性或水不溶性的物质。水和乙醇是优选的提取溶剂。
还可包含诸如以下的材料:白藜芦醇、α-硫辛酸、鞣花酸、激动素、视黄氧基三甲基硅烷(可以Silcare 1M-75商标从Clariant Corp.获得)、脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)和它们的组合。神经酰胺(包括神经酰胺1、神经酰胺3、神经酰胺3B、神经酰胺6和神经酰胺7)以及假神经酰胺也可用于本发明的许多组合物,但也可以被排除。这些材料的量可在0.000001%至10%、优选0.0001%至1%的范围。
个人护理组合物可进一步包含约0.1重量%至约8重量%的成膜聚合物。此类成膜聚合物包括但不限于聚亚烷基氧基封端的聚酰胺(例如,INCI名称:聚酰胺-3、聚酰胺-4)、聚醚聚酰胺(例如,INCI名称:聚酰胺-6)、混合酸封端的聚酰胺(例如,INCI名称:聚酰胺-7)和酯封端的聚(酯-酰胺)(例如,INCI名称:聚酰胺-8)。此类成膜聚合物可合成或可商购得到,如以SylvaclearTM产品系列购自Arizona Chemical Company,LLC以及以OleoCraftTM产品系列购自Croda International PLC。成膜聚合物还包括但不限于INCI命名的聚酯-5(例如,Eastman的AQTM 38S聚合物)、PPG-17/IPDI/DMPA共聚物(例如,AvalureTM UR 450聚合物)、丙烯酸酯共聚物(例如,AvalureTM AC 120聚合物)和多糖如Xilogel(罗望子胶(tamarin gum))、莲花豆胶、塔拉胶、β-葡聚糖、短醒霉多糖、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、藻酸钠、马铃薯淀粉、角叉菜胶。成膜聚合物可包括上述任意两种或更多种聚合物的组合。个人护理组合物中成膜聚合物的量可以是0.1重量%至8重量%。
防腐剂可合意地并入本发明的组合物中以防止潜在有害的微生物的生长。用于本发明组合物的适合的传统防腐剂是对羟基苯甲酸的烷基酯。最近开始使用的其它防腐剂包括乙内酰脲衍生物、丙酸盐和各种季铵化合物。化妆品化学家熟悉适当的防腐剂,并且常规地选择它们以满足防腐挑战测试并提供产品稳定性。特别优选的防腐剂是丁基氨基甲酸碘代丙炔基酯、苯氧乙醇、辛甘醇(caprylyl glycol)、C1-6对羟基苯甲酸酯(尤其是对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和/或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯)、咪唑烷基脲、脱氢乙酸钠和苄醇。防腐剂应根据组合物的用途和防腐剂与乳液中其它成分之间可能的不相容性来选择。防腐剂优选以0.01%至2%范围的量采用。尤其优选的组合是奥克立林(octocrylene)和辛甘醇,因为已经公开了辛甘醇可增强UVA和UVB保护。
适于包含在个人护理组合物中的抗真菌剂是本领域技术人员所熟知的。实例包括但不限于氯咪巴唑(climbazole)、酮康唑、氟康唑(fluconazole)、克霉唑(clotrimazole)、咪康唑(miconazole)、益康唑(econazole)、乙环唑(etaconazole)、特比萘芬、这些中的任一种或多种的盐(例如盐酸盐)、巯氧吡啶锌以及其两种或更多种的组合。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的个人护理组合物包含维生素。说明性的维生素是维生素A(视黄醇)、维生素B2、维生素B3(尼克酸)、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K和生物素。还可采用维生素的衍生物。例如,维生素C衍生物包括四异棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯、磷酸抗坏血酸酯镁和抗坏血酸糖苷。维生素E的衍生物包括乙酸生育酚酯、棕榈酸生育酚酯和亚油酸生育酚酯。还可采用DL-泛醇和衍生物。在一些实施方案中,维生素B3的衍生物是烟酰胺核糖核苷。在一些实施方案中,维生素B6的衍生物是吡哆醇棕榈酸酯。还可使用类黄酮,特别是葡糖基橙皮苷、芸香苷和大豆异黄酮(包括染料木黄酮、黄豆苷元、雌马酚和它们的葡糖基衍生物)及它们的混合物。当存在时,维生素或类黄酮的总量可在0.0001%至10%、或者0.001%至10%、或者0.01%至10%、或者0.1%至10%、或者1%至10%、或者0.01%至1%、或者0.1%至0.5%的范围。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的个人护理组合物包含酶,如例如氧化酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶和它们的组合。在一些实施方案中,本发明的个人护理组合物包含以Biocell SOho aD从Brooks Company(美国)商购得到的超氧化物歧化酶。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的个人护理组合物包含脱屑促进剂。在一些实施方案中,本发明的个人护理组合物包含0.01%至15%、或者0.05%至15%、或者0.1%至15%、或者0.5%至15%浓度的脱屑促进剂。
说明性的脱屑促进剂包括单羧酸。单羧酸可以是碳链长度为至多16的取代或未取代的。在一些实施方案中,羧酸是α-羟基羧酸、β-羟基羧酸或多羟基羧酸。术语“酸”意指不仅包括游离酸,而且还包括其盐和C1-C30烷基酯或芳基酯,以及通过去除水以形成环状或直链内酯结构而产生的内酯。代表性的酸包括乙醇酸、乳酸、苹果酸和酒石酸。在一些实施方案中,盐是乳酸铵。在一些实施方案中,β-羟基羧酸是水杨酸。在一些实施方案中,酚酸包括阿魏酸、水杨酸、曲酸和它们的盐。
在一些实施方案中,至少一种另外的组分可以按组合物的重量计0.000001%至10%、或者0.00001%至10%、或者0.0001%至10%、或者0.001%至10%、或者0.01%至10%、或者0.1%至10%、或者0.0001%至1%存在。着色剂、遮光剂或研磨剂也可包含在本发明的组合物中。着色剂、遮光剂或研磨剂可以按组合物的重量计0.05%至5%、或者0.1%至3%的浓度被包含。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的个人护理产品还可包含肽,如例如商购的五肽衍生物-MatrixylTM,其可从Sederma,France商购得到。在另一实例中,在一些实施方案中,本发明的个人护理产品还可包含肌肽。
本发明的组合物可包含宽范围的其它任选组分。CTFA Cosmetic IngredientHandbook(第二版,1992)(其全部内容以引用方式并入本文)描述了适用于本发明组合物中的通常用于局部化妆品皮肤护理工业中的各种非限制性的化妆品和药物成分。实例包括:抗氧化剂、粘结剂、生物添加剂、缓冲剂、着色剂、增稠剂、聚合物、收敛剂、芳香剂、湿润剂、遮光剂、调理剂、剥落剂、pH调节剂、防腐剂、天然提取物、精油、皮肤感知物(skinsensate)、皮肤舒缓剂和皮肤愈合剂。
组合物的形式
本发明的组合物优选是非固体的。本发明的组合物优选免洗型组合物。本发明的组合物优选待施加以停留在皮肤上的免洗型组合物。这些免洗型组合物应与施用于皮肤且随后在产品施用之后或施用期间通过洗涤、冲洗、擦拭等加以去除的组合物区分开。通常用于洗去型(rinse-off)组合物的表面活性剂具有使得它们能够在使用时产生易于冲洗的泡沫/肥皂泡(lather)的物理化学性质;它们可以由阴离子、阳离子、两性和非离子的混合物组成。另一方面,用于免洗型组合物中的表面活性剂不需要具有此类性质。更确切地,由于免洗型组合物并不打算冲洗掉,它们需要是非刺激性的,因此需要将免洗型组合物中表面活性剂的总含量和阴离子型表面活性剂的总含量最小化。本发明组合物中表面活性剂的总含量优选1%至不超过10%,更优选低于8%,最优选至多5%,最佳为至多3%。
在一些实施方案中,阴离子型表面活性剂以如下量存在于免洗型皮肤护理组合物中:以组合物的重量计0.01%至最多5%,或者以组合物的重量计0.01%至4%,或者以组合物的重量计0.01%至3%,或者以组合物的重量计0.01%至2%,或者基本上不存在(小于1%,或小于0.1%,或小于0.01%)。在一些实施方案中,皮肤护理组合物中表面活性剂的总含量不超过10%,或者低于8%,或者至多5%。
在一些实施方案中,表面活性剂选自阴离子型活性物质、非离子型活性物质、阳离子型活性物质和两性活性物质。
在一些实施方案中,非离子型表面活性剂是具有以下的那些:C10-C20脂肪醇疏水物或脂肪酸疏水物,其与每摩尔疏水物2至100摩尔氧化乙烯或氧化丙烯缩合;与2至20摩尔氧化烯缩合的C2-C10烷基酚;乙二醇单脂肪酸酯和乙二醇二脂肪酸酯;脂肪酸甘油单酯;失水山梨糖醇单C8-C20脂肪酸和失水山梨糖醇二C8-C20脂肪酸;和聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇以及其组合。在一些实施方案中,非离子型表面活性剂选自由以下组中:烷基聚糖苷、糖脂肪酰胺(例如甲基葡糖酰胺)和三烷基胺氧化物。
在根据本发明的一些实施方案的皮肤护理组合物中,适合的两性表面活性剂包括椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、C12-C20三烷基甜菜碱、月桂酰两性基乙酸钠和月桂酰双两性基乙酸钠。
在根据本发明的一些实施方案的皮肤护理组合物中,适合的阴离子型表面活性剂包括皂、烷基醚硫酸盐和烷基醚磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐和烷基磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸盐和二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、C8-C20酰基羟乙基磺酸盐、C8-C20烷基醚磷酸盐、C8-C20肌氨酸盐、C8-C20酰基乳酸盐、磺基乙酸盐和它们的组合。
本发明的组合物通常呈可以是水包油或油包水的乳液形式。在一些实施方案中,个人护理组合物是雪花膏和基于水包油乳液的霜剂或乳剂。雪花膏基质包含5%至40%脂肪酸和0.1%至20%皂。在此类霜剂中,脂肪酸优选基本上是硬脂酸和棕榈酸的混合物,皂优选所述脂肪酸混合物的钾盐,尽管可使用其它抗衡离子和其混合物。雪花膏基质中的脂肪酸经常使用基本上(通常约90%至95%)为硬脂酸和棕榈酸的混合物的hysteric酸来制备。典型的hysteric酸包含总棕榈酸-硬脂酸混合物的约52-55%的棕榈酸和45-48%硬脂酸。因此,包含hysteric酸和其皂以制备雪花膏基质在本发明的范围内。特别优选所述组合物包含高于7%、优选高于10%、更优选高于12%的脂肪酸。典型的雪花膏基质由结晶网络结构化,并且对各种成分的添加敏感。
在一个实施方案中,个人护理组合物配制为胱氨酸基本上溶解在水相中的油包水乳液。在一个实施方案中,个人护理组合物配制为胱氨酸在水性液滴中的油包水乳液,其中至少90%的液滴具有100纳米至20微米、或可选择地200纳米至20微米或至10微米范围内的直径。
在一些实施方案中,除了含有GSH前体之外,个人护理组合物还配制为面膜。在一些实施方案中,除了含有GSH前体之外,还根据美国专利第5139771号中所述的配方将个人护理组合物配制为面膜。在一些实施方案中,除了含有GSH前体之外,还根据美国专利第4933177号中所述的配方将个人护理组合物配制为面膜。在一些实施方案中,除了含有GSH前体之外,还根据美国专利第6001367号中所述的配方将个人护理组合物配制为面膜。
在一些实施方案中,除了含有GSH前体之外,还将个人护理组合物配制为洗发剂。在一些实施方案中,将本发明的个人护理组合物配制为除臭剂。在一些实施方案中,除了含有GSH前体之外,还根据美国专利第7,282,471号中所述的配方将个人护理组合物配制为除臭剂。在一些实施方案中,将本发明的个人护理组合物配制为止汗剂。在一些实施方案中,除了含有GSH前体之外,还根据美国专利第7,282,471号中所述的配方将个人护理组合物配制为止汗剂。
在一些实施方案中,将本发明的个人护理组合物配制为单次使用的个人护理湿纸巾产品。在一些实施方案中,除了含有GSH前体之外,还根据美国专利第7,282,471号中所述的配方将个人护理组合物配制为单次使用的个人护理湿纸巾产品。
在一些实施方案中,将本发明的个人护理组合物配制为皂条。在一些实施方案中,除了含有GSH前体之外,还根据美国专利第7,282,471号中所述的配方将个人护理组合物配制为皂条。
制备皮肤护理组合物的方法
在一些实施方案中,可通过以下方式制备根据本发明的皮肤护理组合物:
a.将所有水溶性成分(包括防腐剂、增稠聚合物和任选存在的甘油)和水混合;
b.将所述混合物加热至70-90℃的温度;
c.将所有油溶性成分和式(1)化合物混合至70-90℃的温度;
d.将混合的油溶性成分添加至加热的水溶性成分混合物中,通过搅动加以混合,将混合物保持在70-90℃的温度;和
e.在混合的同时将混合物冷却至室温。
在一些实施方案中,通过制得乳液来制备本发明的个人护理组合物。
a.将胱氨酸以期望的含量溶解在高pH(9至14或9至12)的水溶液中
b.用该溶液与乳化剂制备油中的粗乳液,然后
c.在混合下添加酸性水溶液,获得pH在局部组合物所需的中性范围内的乳液,最后,
d.使所述乳液经受高剪切或均质化或声谱处理(sonolation)步骤,例如通过均质器,如BEE International(Massachusetts,USA)的Nano DeBee均质器或由SonicCorporation(Connecticut,USA)制造的声谱显示仪(Sonolator)均质器进行,以产生中性pH范围的均匀的最终乳液,超过90%的液滴的直径在100纳米至20微米的尺寸范围内。
使用皮肤护理组合物的方法
在一些实施方案中,将皮肤护理组合物局部施加至人皮肤。在一些实施方案中,所述皮肤护理组合物提供至少一种选自以下的益处:皮肤调理、皮肤平滑、减少起皱或老化的皮肤、减少皮肤炎症、减少干燥、减少老年斑、减少晒伤和增亮皮肤。
在一些实施方案中,将少量皮肤护理组合物,例如1至5ml,从适合的容器或施加器施加至皮肤的暴露区域,如果需要,然后使用手或手指或适合的装置将其铺展于皮肤上和/或擦进皮肤中。
现在参考以下实施例,其与以上描述一起以非限制性实例举例说明本发明的一些实施方案。
具体实施方式
实施例
实验方法
以下氨基酸(焦谷氨酸和甘氨酸)的粉末购自Sigma,并且通过在水(pH 7)中重建所述粉末制备来每种氨基酸的单个母液(stock solution)。所有氨基酸均为L立体异构体。在0.5M氢氧化钠(pH 12)中产生胱氨酸(Sigma)母液,因为胱氨酸难溶于中性溶液中。焦谷氨酸钠(也被称为吡咯烷酮羧酸钠(NaPCA))作为于水中的50%溶液从Ajinomoto供应。作为胱氨酸酯的L-胱氨酸二叔丁酯二盐酸盐(DTBC)和L-胱氨酸二乙酯二盐酸盐(DEC)购自Bachem;L-胱氨酸二甲酯二盐酸盐(CDME)来自Sigma。为了产生此后描述为GAP的混合物,将适当体积的三种氨基酸(谷氨酸盐源(即NaPCA)、胱氨酸和甘氨酸)合并在汉克氏平衡盐溶液(Hank's Balanced Salt Solution)(Sigma)中,使谷氨酸盐源、胱氨酸和甘氨酸的重量比为0.5:1:1。每个测定中所用的具体浓度参见下文。
另外的测试试剂:烟酰胺和吡啶酰胺(Sigma-Aldrich)以及烟酰胺核糖核苷(Chromadex)。烟酰胺和衍生物/相关化合物可溶于水中。
谷胱甘肽测定
将老化的人角质形成细胞(Cascade Biologics,现为ThermoFisher Scientific,Waltham,MA)在具有含有5% CO2的气氛的加湿温育箱中在37℃下维持在含有60μM氯化钙和1%人角质形成细胞生长补充剂(来自ThermoFisher Scientific的两种培养基组分)的培养基中。每2-3天更新培养基。随后,将细胞以90%铺满进行胰蛋白酶消化,并以每孔1×104个的密度接种至具有白壁和透明底部的96孔板中。在接种后一天或两天,用汉克氏平衡盐溶液(HBSS)替换细胞培养基,并用单独或组合的GAP(或0.12-0.240mM氢氧化钠媒介物对照,pH7.5)或上述另外的测试试剂或单独的L-胱氨酸酯将角质形成细胞预处理1-2小时。构成用于该测定中的GAP混合物的所有氨基酸的浓度在数据表中指定,并充分描述于下面的缩写列表中。
在用GAP(和在描述的情况下另外的测试试剂)预处理一小时或两小时后,然后用25μM甲萘醌(Sigma-Aldrich)(一种已知的氧化应激诱导剂)挑战角质形成细胞。在18-20小时后,收获细胞并使用市售试剂盒(GSH-GSSG GLo Assay,Promega)分析总谷胱甘肽含量,该试剂盒是用于检测和定量培养细胞中的总谷胱甘肽的基于荧光的系统。总之,在细胞处理后,去除培养基并用细胞裂解试剂在20-25℃下替换5分钟;注意,所有剩余步骤也在20-25℃下进行。接下来,将荧光素酶生成试剂添加至每个孔中并温育30分钟。在该步骤之后,将荧光素检测试剂添加至每个孔中并将板温育15分钟。最后,再在FlexStation 3板读数器(Molecular Devices)中读取板的发光。在从标准曲线内插谷胱甘肽浓度后,计算总谷胱甘肽的含量。实验条件通常以至少三次重复确定进行。使用单因素ANOVA计算统计学显著性。通过使用来自每个实验的计算的谷胱甘肽含量,在以下等式中计算保护百分比:
活性氧物种(ROS)的测定
将人角质形成细胞(Promocell,Heidelberg,Germany)在具有含有5%CO2的气氛的加湿温育箱中在37℃下维持在含有60μM氯化钙和1%人角质形成细胞生长补充剂(HKGS)的角质形成细胞培养基中。每隔一天更新培养基。随后,将细胞以90%铺满进行胰蛋白酶消化,并以每孔1-2×104个的密度接种至具有黑壁和透明底部的96孔板中。在接种后的第二天,用含有或不含甲萘醌(10-25μM)、GAP(通常为49μM的焦谷氨酸、60μM的胱氨酸、194μM的甘氨酸)、GAP媒介物(0.2mM的NaOH,pH 7.5)、上述另外的测试试剂、GAP与另外的测试试剂的组合或单独的L-胱氨酸酯的汉克氏平衡盐溶液(HBSS)替换细胞培养基,并再温育18小时。对于ROS检测,将CellROX绿(Life Tech,Thermo Fisher Scientific,Rockford,USA)试剂添加至每个孔中至15-25μM的最终浓度,并在加湿温育箱中在37℃下再温育2-4小时。使用Tecan微板读数器(激发/发射=490/525)检测ROS荧光。利用基于设定为100%的媒介物对照处理的归一化计算相对ROS产生。在指出的情况下,在以下等式中使用测量的相对荧光单位计算保护百分比,作为与单独甲萘醌处理的比较:
将ROS含量与细胞活力一起评价,因为如果处理毒性很大,使得在测定时,细胞死亡(并且不再有任何可检测的ROS),则可能获得ROS的假阴性。如果细胞仍然存活,则ROS水平的降低才是有意义的。
细胞活力测定
将人角质形成细胞(Promocell,Heidelberg,Germany)维持在含有60μM氯化钙和1%人角质形成细胞生长补充剂(HKGS)的角质形成细胞培养基中。每隔一天更新培养基。随后,将细胞以90%铺满进行胰蛋白酶消化,并以每孔2×104个的密度接种至96孔透明组织培养板中。在接种后第二天,用如上文ROS测定部分中所述的处理替换细胞培养基。在18小时后,将细胞培养试剂盒-8(CCK-8)试剂(Dojindo,Kumamoto,Japan)在HBSS中以1:10稀释,并在加湿温育箱中在37℃下与细胞一起温育4小时。使用Tecan Safire2板读数器测量450纳米处的光吸收。利用基于设定为100%的媒介物对照处理的归一化计算相对活力。
在指出的情况下,在以下等式中使用测量的相对吸光度单位计算保护百分比,作为与单独甲萘醌处理的比较:
实施例中的缩写如下:
mM=毫摩尔
μM=微摩尔
μL=微升
GAP=谷氨酸盐和胱氨酸以及甘氨酸混合物
GAP 5=4μM的焦谷氨酸钠、5μM的胱氨酸、16μM的甘氨酸
GAP 10=8μM的焦谷氨酸钠、10μM的胱氨酸、32μM的甘氨酸
GAP 20=16μM的焦谷氨酸钠、20μM的胱氨酸、64μM的甘氨酸
DEC=L-胱胺酸二乙酯二盐酸盐
CDME=L-胱氨酸二甲酯二盐酸盐
DTBC=L-胱氨酸二叔丁酯二盐酸盐
实施例1
实施例1针对增强细胞内GSH产生或降低活性氧物种评价了烟酰胺(在本发明范围内)或本发明范围外的化合物—烟酰胺的结构类似物(吡啶酰胺)或衍生物(烟酰胺核糖核苷或N-甲基烟酰胺)—与构成GSH构建模块的氨基酸的各种组合。获得的结果汇总于表1A和1B中。在表1C至1H中,还测试了各种胱氨酸酯的功效。
表1A–谷胱甘肽合成
统计学显著改善
1与媒介物对照+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
2与GAP10+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
3与烟酰胺核糖核苷(以相同剂量)+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
4与烟酰胺(以相同剂量)+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
5与吡啶酰胺(以相同剂量)+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
表1B-活性氧物种和细胞活力
统计学显著改善:
1与GAP相比,p<0.05
2与烟酰胺相比,p<0.05
3与媒介物对照+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
在表1A和1B中,通过字母字符标记的样品在本发明的范围之外。数字标记的样品在本发明的范围内。表1A中的样品Q是阳性对照,因为它采用高浓度的GAP。总的来说,从表1A和1B中的结果可以看出,与用单独的烟酰胺或GAP实现的结果相比,烟酰胺与GAP氨基酸的组合导致GSH合成的协同增加和活性氧物种的协同降低。
表1C–谷胱甘肽合成
统计学显著降低:
1与媒介物对照相比,p<0.05
统计学显著改善:
2与媒介物对照+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
表1D–活性氧物种的降低
统计学显著差异:
1与媒介物对照相比,p<0.05
统计学显著差异:
2与媒介物对照+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
表1E–谷胱甘肽合成
统计学显著降低:
1与媒介物对照相比,p<0.05
统计学显著改善:
2与媒介物对照+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
表1F-氧物种的降低
统计学显著差异:
1与媒介物对照相比,p<0.05
统计学显著差异:
2与媒介物对照+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
表1G–谷胱甘肽合成
统计学显著降低:
1与媒介物对照相比,p<0.05
统计学显著改善:
2与媒介物对照+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
表1H-氧物种的降低
统计学显著差异:
1与媒介物对照相比,p<0.05
统计学显著差异:
2与媒介物对照+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
实施例2
实施例2针对增强细胞内GSH评价了烟酰胺和构成GSH构建模块的氨基酸的各种组合。获得的结果汇总于表2A中。
表2A–谷胱甘肽合成
统计学显著降低:
1与烟酰胺+GAP10+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
统计学显著改善:
2与烟酰胺+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
3与GAP10+甲萘醌相比,p<0.05
样品A至H在本发明的范围之外。样品D是阳性对照,因为它采用高浓度的GAP。从结果可以看出,与单独使用烟酰胺或GAP实现的GSH合成相比,仅烟酰胺与全部3种氨基酸的组合(本发明范围内的样品1)导致GSH合成的协同增加。样品1与阳性对照(样品D)表现属于同等水平,但GAP的浓度较低且因此胱氨酸的浓度较低,因此平衡了不得不溶解相对高的量的胱氨酸的问题。
实施例3
根据本发明的个人护理配制物示于下表中。表中的所有数字均表示组合物中的重量%。
表I-水包油配制物、乳剂和霜剂
表II-油包水局部乳剂或霜剂
表III–雪花膏
Claims (11)
1.一种局部个人护理组合物,其包含:
a.谷胱甘肽前体,其以所述组合物的重量计包含
i.0.001%至2%的胱氨酸、或它们的盐或酯,或此类酯的盐,或它们的混合物;
ii.0.01%至5%的焦谷氨酸或其盐;
iii.0.01%至5%的甘氨酸;和
iv.0.01%至5%的烟酰胺;和
b.水和油乳液形式的化妆品上可接受的载体;
其中所述组合物的pH在3.5至8.5的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述组合物进一步包含烟酰胺核糖核苷。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物呈包含水相中的胱氨酸的油包水乳液的形式,其中90%的水滴具有在100纳米至20微米的尺寸范围内的直径。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物是免洗型非固体皮肤化妆品组合物。
5.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物是雪花膏。
6.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物进一步包含4-烷基间苯二酚。
7.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物进一步包含12-羟基硬脂酸。
8.根据权利要求中1-7中任一项所述的组合物用于制备用于改善皮肤外观的个人护理组合物的用途。
9.根据权利要求中1-7中任一项所述的组合物用于制备用于获得均匀肤色并减少色素沉着、老年斑和变色的个人护理组合物的用途。
10.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述胱氨酸的酯选自以下组中:L-胱氨酸二乙酯二盐酸盐、L-胱氨酸二甲酯二盐酸盐、L-胱氨酸二叔丁酯二盐酸盐和它们的混合物。
11.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述胱氨酸的酯是L-胱氨酸二乙酯二盐酸盐。
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