CN115441861A - Switch circuit, method and device for reducing electric leakage of switch circuit and ATE (automatic test equipment) - Google Patents

Switch circuit, method and device for reducing electric leakage of switch circuit and ATE (automatic test equipment) Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115441861A
CN115441861A CN202211382030.4A CN202211382030A CN115441861A CN 115441861 A CN115441861 A CN 115441861A CN 202211382030 A CN202211382030 A CN 202211382030A CN 115441861 A CN115441861 A CN 115441861A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
circuit
level
control signal
switch circuit
optocoupler
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CN202211382030.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
凌云
邬刚
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Hangzhou Acceleration Technology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Acceleration Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202211382030.4A priority Critical patent/CN115441861A/en
Publication of CN115441861A publication Critical patent/CN115441861A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/78Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/16Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents

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Abstract

The invention provides a switching circuit, a method and a device for reducing electric leakage of the switching circuit, and ATE equipment, wherein the switching circuit comprises a trunk circuit and a branch circuit, the trunk circuit is provided with two optocoupler relays which are connected in series, the two optocoupler relays are connected with VCOM through a transistor switching circuit arranged on the branch circuit, the trunk circuit is provided with a trunk circuit control signal, and the trunk circuit control signal is used for controlling the light emission or the closing of light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays and further controlling the closing or the opening of the optocoupler relays; the branch circuit is provided with a branch circuit control signal, and the branch circuit control signal is used for controlling the opening or closing of the transistor switch circuit. The switching circuit provided by the invention solves the problem of low circuit output precision caused by relay leakage current, avoids contact friction fault which is easy to occur in the switching circuit when a mechanical relay or a reed relay is used, simultaneously realizes the effect of greatly reducing the leakage current of the switching circuit, and ensures the requirements of reliability and long service life of equipment using the switching circuit.

Description

Switch circuit, method and device for reducing electric leakage of switch circuit and ATE (automatic test equipment)
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic circuits, and particularly relates to a switching circuit, a method and a device for reducing electric leakage of the switching circuit, and ATE equipment.
Background
The switch circuit is an important circuit with wide application, and mainly comprises a digital switch circuit, an analog switch circuit and a mechanical switch circuit. The digital switch circuit is widely applied to application occasions such as a switch power supply, motor drive, LED drive, relay drive and the like, and is the most common switch circuit; MOS tubes are commonly used as analog switch circuits which are widely applied to application occasions such as high-frequency antenna switches, sensor analog switches, audio and video analog switches and the like; the mechanical switch circuit comprises a single-pole/double-pole switch, a relay switch and the like, has the advantages of small switching loss and high isolation degree, and can realize a power-down maintaining function.
Taking semiconductor test equipment as an example, the semiconductor test equipment usually needs to use a very large number of switching circuit devices, especially a source meter module circuit therein, and the source meter module provides an excitation source for the integrated circuit and simultaneously has the task of measuring the voltage and the current of the integrated circuit. A large number of optocoupler relays are used in the source meter module as switch circuits to meet various test requirements, but in a test scene with high precision requirement, leakage current will affect the precision of the source meter module to a great extent, measurement errors are caused, the indexes of the whole equipment are further affected, and even the result that the test cannot be completed is caused.
In order to avoid the problem that the leakage current of the optocoupler relay is large, the optocoupler relay is generally replaced by a dry reed relay in the prior art, but the dry reed relay is of a mechanical contact structure, and the contact can have the faults of abrasion, oxidation, poor contact and the like after being opened and closed for many times, so that equipment cannot complete opening or closing operation according to a customer instruction, and the reliability and the service life are low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a switching circuit, which comprises a trunk circuit and a branch circuit, wherein the trunk circuit is provided with two optocoupler relays connected in series, and the two optocoupler relays are connected with VCOM through a transistor switching circuit arranged on the branch circuit;
the trunk circuit is provided with a trunk circuit control signal, and the trunk circuit control signal is used for controlling the light emitting sources of the two optical coupling relays to emit light or to be turned off so as to control the on/off of the optical coupling relays; the branch circuit is provided with a branch circuit control signal, and the branch circuit control signal is used for controlling the opening or closing of the transistor switch circuit.
Specifically, the trunk control signal controls the light emitting source to emit light or turn off through a potential, and the branch control signal controls the transistor switch circuit to open or close through a potential.
Optionally, the transistor switch circuit comprises an optocoupler relay or a MOS transistor.
The invention also proposes a method of reducing leakage of a switching circuit, the method being applied to a switching circuit as described hereinbefore, the method comprising:
if the switching circuit needs to be closed, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to emit light through the main circuit control signal so as to close the two optocoupler relays, and the transistor switching circuit is opened through the branch circuit control signal;
if the switch circuit needs to be opened, the light emitting sources of the two optocouplers are controlled to be closed through the main circuit control signal so that the two optocouplers are opened, and the transistor switch circuit is closed through the branch circuit control signal so that the leakage current of the optocouplers is led into the VCOM through the transistor switch circuit.
Preferably, when the trunk control signal is configured to a first level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to emit light, and the branch control signal is configured to a third level to control the transistor switch circuit to be opened; and when the main circuit control signal is configured to be at a second level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to be turned off, and the branch circuit control signal is configured to be at a fourth level so as to control the transistor switch circuit to be turned on.
Specifically, of the first level and the second level, the first level is a low level, and the second level is a high level;
of the third level and the fourth level, the third level is a high level, and the fourth level is a low level.
The invention also proposes a device for reducing the leakage of a switching circuit, for implementing the method described above, said device comprising:
the first control unit is used for controlling the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays to emit light through the main circuit control signal so as to close the two optocoupler relays, and opening the transistor switch circuit through the branch circuit control signal so as to close the switch circuit;
and the second control unit is used for controlling the light emitting sources of the two optocouplers to be closed through the trunk control signal so as to open the two optocouplers, closing the transistor switch circuit through the branch control signal so as to open the switch circuit, and leading the leakage current of the optocouplers into the VCOM through the transistor switch circuit.
Preferably, when the trunk control signal is configured to a first level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to emit light, and the branch control signal is configured to a third level to control the transistor switch circuit to be opened; and when the main circuit control signal is configured to be at a second level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to be turned off, and the branch circuit control signal is configured to be at a fourth level so as to control the transistor switch circuit to be turned on.
Specifically, of the first level and the second level, the first level is a low level, and the second level is a high level;
of the third level and the fourth level, the third level is a high level, and the fourth level is a low level.
The invention also proposes an ATE device provided with a switching circuit as described above, to which the method of reducing leakage current as described above can be applied.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the switch circuit provided by the invention can reduce the leakage current of the dry circuit optocoupler relay during open circuit, improves the precision of the switch circuit, and reduces the leakage current of the switch circuit to a negligible level of picoampere;
furthermore, the switch circuit provided by the invention avoids the contact friction fault which is easy to occur when a mechanical relay or a reed relay is used, and ensures the requirements of the reliability and the long service life of equipment using the switch circuit.
Therefore, the invention provides a switching circuit, a method and a device for reducing the electric leakage of the switching circuit, and ATE equipment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall circuit structure of a switching circuit provided in embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a switch control logic diagram of the switch circuit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Various embodiments of the present invention will be described more fully hereinafter. The invention is capable of various embodiments and of modifications and variations therein. However, it should be understood that: there is no intention to limit various embodiments of the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and/or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the invention.
Hereinafter, the terms "includes" or "may include" used in various embodiments of the present invention indicate the presence of the disclosed functions, operations, or elements, and do not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations, or elements. Furthermore, as used in various embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" and their derivatives are intended to mean that the specified features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, are only meant to indicate that a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be construed as first excluding the existence of, or adding to the possibility of, one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.
In various embodiments of the invention, the expression "or" at least one of a or/and B "includes any or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "a or B" or "at least one of a or/and B" may include a, may include B, or may include both a and B.
Expressions (such as "first", "second", and the like) used in various embodiments of the present invention may modify various constituent elements in various embodiments, but may not limit the respective constituent elements. For example, the above description does not limit the order and/or importance of the elements described. The foregoing description is for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another. For example, the first user device and the second user device indicate different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that: in the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or defined, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; there may be communication between the interiors of the two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the terms indicating an orientation or a positional relationship herein are based on the orientations and the positional relationships shown in the drawings and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terminology used in the various embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the various embodiments of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which various embodiments of the present invention belong. The terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their contextual meaning in the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein in various embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
This embodiment has provided a switch circuit, the switch circuit that this embodiment provided can reduce the leakage current when trunk opto-coupler relay opens a way, the easy contact friction trouble that appears of switch circuit when avoiding using mechanical relay or reed relay again, the problem of having solved the relay leakage current and having leaded to ATE source table module low accuracy has been guaranteed the reliability and the long-life requirement of equipment simultaneously, greatly reduced the effect of switch circuit leakage current has been realized, switch circuit's leakage current drops to negligible picoampere (pA) rank.
Referring to fig. 1, the switching circuit includes a trunk and a branch, the trunk is provided with two optocoupler relays connected in series, and the two optocoupler relays are connected to a VCOM through a transistor switching circuit arranged in the branch.
It should be noted that the transistor switch circuit mentioned above is a circuit disposed in a branch of the switch circuit, and the transistor switch circuit is a part of the whole circuit, i.e., the switch circuit provided in this embodiment.
It should be noted that the optocoupler relay includes a light emitting source and a light receiving device, the light emitting source and the light receiving device are assembled in a same airtight housing to form the optocoupler relay, the light emitting source is generally a light emitting diode, and the light receiving device may include a phototransistor, a photosensitive field effect transistor, a photosensitive thyristor, a photosensitive integrated circuit, and the like. The light emitting source and the light receiver are opposite to each other and isolated by a transparent insulating material, and a pin led out from the light emitting source is an input terminal and a pin led out from the light receiver is an output terminal. When an electrical signal is applied to the input terminal, the light emitting diode emits light, and the corresponding light receiver generates a photocurrent, which is output from the output terminal due to a photosensitive effect, so that the optical-mediated electrical signal is transmitted in one direction, and the input and output terminals of the device are completely electrically insulated.
In this embodiment, the light emitting sources in the two optocoupler relays are both LED light emitting diodes, and if the LED light emitting diodes in the optocoupler relays emit light, the optocoupler relays are turned on; and if the LED in the optical coupling relay does not emit light, the optical coupling relay is opened.
Specifically, the trunk circuit is provided with a trunk circuit control signal for controlling the light emission or the closing of the LED in the two optocoupler relays and further controlling the closing or the opening of the optocoupler relays; the branch circuit is provided with a branch circuit control signal, and the branch circuit control signal is used for controlling the opening or closing of the transistor switch circuit.
Furthermore, the main circuit control signal controls the light emitting or closing of the LED through the electric potential, and the branch circuit control signal controls the opening or closing of the transistor switch circuit through the electric potential. Specifically, when a first level is configured for a trunk control signal, the LED in the two optocoupler relays emits light to close the two optocoupler relays, and meanwhile, a third level is configured for a branch control signal to open the transistor switch circuit; when the trunk control signal is configured with a second level, the LED in the two optocoupler relays are turned off to enable the two optocoupler relays to be opened, and meanwhile, the branch control signal is configured with a fourth level to enable the transistor switch circuit to be closed, so that the leakage current of the optocoupler relays is LED into VCOM through the transistor switch circuit.
Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment, the first level is a low level and the second level is a high level; the third level is high and the fourth level is low.
Alternatively, the transistor switch circuit may include, but is not limited to, an optocoupler relay, a MOS transistor, and the like.
Example 2
This embodiment proposes a method for reducing leakage current of a switch circuit, applied to the switch circuit proposed in embodiment 1, the method including:
if the switching circuit needs to be closed, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to emit light through the main circuit control signal so as to close the two optocoupler relays, and the transistor switching circuit is opened through the branch circuit control signal;
if the switching circuit is required to be opened, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to be closed through the main circuit control signal so that the two optocoupler relays are opened, and the transistor switching circuit is closed through the branch circuit control signal so that the leakage current of the optocoupler relays is led into the VCOM through the transistor switching circuit.
Furthermore, the main circuit control signal controls the light emitting source to emit light or close through the electric potential, and the branch circuit control signal controls the transistor switch circuit to open or close through the electric potential.
Specifically, when the main circuit control signal is configured to a first level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to emit light, and the branch circuit control signal is configured to a third level to control the transistor switch circuit to be opened; when the main circuit control signal is configured to be at a second level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to be turned off, and the branch circuit control signal is configured to be at a fourth level so as to control the transistor switch circuit to be turned on.
In one embodiment, the first level is a low level and the second level is a high level; the third level is high and the fourth level is low.
Note that VCOM is normally zero potential.
Alternatively, the transistor switch circuit may include, but is not limited to, an optocoupler relay, a MOS transistor, and the like.
Example 3
This embodiment proposes an apparatus for reducing leakage of a switching circuit, which is used to implement the method for reducing leakage of a switching circuit proposed in embodiment 2, and the apparatus includes:
the first control unit is used for controlling the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays to emit light through the trunk control signal so as to close the two optocoupler relays, and opening the transistor switch circuit through the branch control signal so as to close the switch circuit;
and the second control unit is used for controlling the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays to be closed through the trunk control signal so as to open the two optocoupler relays, and enabling the transistor switch circuit to be closed through the branch control signal so as to open the switch circuit, and enabling the leakage current of the optocoupler relays to be led into VCOM through the transistor switch circuit.
When the main circuit control signal is configured to be a first level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to emit light, and the branch circuit control signal is configured to be a third level so as to control the transistor switch circuit to be opened; when the main circuit control signal is configured to the second level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to be turned off, and the branch circuit control signal is configured to the fourth level to control the transistor switch circuit to be turned on.
In one embodiment, the first level is a low level and the second level is a high level, among the first level and the second level;
of the third level and the fourth level, the third level is a high level, and the fourth level is a low level.
Note that VCOM is normally zero potential.
Alternatively, the transistor switch circuit may include, but is not limited to, an optocoupler relay, a MOS transistor, and the like.
Example 4
This embodiment proposes an ATE device provided with the switching circuit proposed in embodiment 1, and the method for reducing the leakage current of the switching circuit proposed in embodiment 2 can be applied.
In summary, the invention provides a switching circuit, a method and a device for reducing leakage current of the switching circuit, and ATE equipment, and the switching circuit provided by the invention solves the problem of low circuit output precision caused by leakage current of a relay, avoids contact friction faults easily occurring in the switching circuit when a mechanical relay or a reed relay is used, simultaneously achieves the effect of greatly reducing the leakage current of the switching circuit, and ensures the reliability and long service life of the equipment using the switching circuit.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. A switching circuit is characterized by comprising a trunk circuit and a branch circuit, wherein the trunk circuit is provided with two optocoupler relays connected in series, and the two optocoupler relays are connected with a VCOM through a transistor switching circuit arranged on the branch circuit;
the trunk circuit is provided with a trunk circuit control signal, and the trunk circuit control signal is used for controlling the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays to emit light or be turned off so as to control the on/off of the optocoupler relays; the branch circuit is provided with a branch circuit control signal, and the branch circuit control signal is used for controlling the opening or closing of the transistor switch circuit.
2. The switch circuit of claim 1, wherein the main control signal controls the light emitting source to emit or turn off by a voltage potential, and the branch control signal controls the transistor switch circuit to open or close by a voltage potential.
3. The switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein the transistor switching circuit comprises an optocoupler relay or a MOS transistor.
4. A method of reducing leakage in a switching circuit, the method being applied to a switching circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, the method comprising:
if the switching circuit needs to be closed, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to emit light through the main circuit control signal so as to close the two optocoupler relays, and the transistor switching circuit is opened through the branch circuit control signal;
if the switch circuit needs to be opened, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to be closed through the main circuit control signal so that the two optocoupler relays are opened, and the transistor switch circuit is closed through the branch circuit control signal so that the leakage current of the optocoupler relays is led into the VCOM through the transistor switch circuit.
5. The method of reducing leakage in a switching circuit of claim 4,
when the main circuit control signal is configured to be at a first level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to emit light, and the branch circuit control signal is configured to be at a third level so as to control the transistor switch circuit to be opened; and when the main circuit control signal is configured to be at a second level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to be turned off, and the branch circuit control signal is configured to be at a fourth level so as to control the transistor switch circuit to be turned on.
6. The method of claim 5,
of the first level and the second level, the first level is a low level, and the second level is a high level;
of the third level and the fourth level, the third level is a high level, and the fourth level is a low level.
7. An arrangement for reducing leakage of a switching circuit, for implementing the method of any of claims 4-6, the arrangement comprising:
the first control unit is used for controlling the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays to emit light through the main circuit control signal so as to close the two optocoupler relays, and opening the transistor switch circuit through the branch circuit control signal so as to close the switch circuit;
and the second control unit is used for controlling the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays to be closed through the trunk control signal so as to open the two optocoupler relays, closing the transistor switch circuit through the branch control signal so as to open the transistor switch circuit, and leading the leakage current of the optocoupler relays to be led into the VCOM through the transistor switch circuit.
8. The apparatus for reducing leakage current of a switching circuit according to claim 7,
when the main circuit control signal is configured to be at a first level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to emit light, and the branch circuit control signal is configured to be at a third level so as to control the transistor switch circuit to be opened; and when the main circuit control signal is configured to be at a second level, the light emitting sources of the two optocoupler relays are controlled to be turned off, and the branch circuit control signal is configured to be at a fourth level so as to control the transistor switch circuit to be turned on.
9. The apparatus of claim 8,
of the first level and the second level, the first level is a low level, and the second level is a high level;
of the third level and the fourth level, the third level is a high level, and the fourth level is a low level.
10. ATE device, characterized in that it is provided with a switching circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1-3.
CN202211382030.4A 2022-11-07 2022-11-07 Switch circuit, method and device for reducing electric leakage of switch circuit and ATE (automatic test equipment) Pending CN115441861A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211382030.4A CN115441861A (en) 2022-11-07 2022-11-07 Switch circuit, method and device for reducing electric leakage of switch circuit and ATE (automatic test equipment)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211382030.4A CN115441861A (en) 2022-11-07 2022-11-07 Switch circuit, method and device for reducing electric leakage of switch circuit and ATE (automatic test equipment)

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CN115441861A true CN115441861A (en) 2022-12-06

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202206355U (en) * 2011-08-02 2012-04-25 赖德龙 Switch circuit and switch testing system using same
US20130268216A1 (en) * 2012-04-06 2013-10-10 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Insulation monitoring system for secured electric power system
CN203422862U (en) * 2013-09-13 2014-02-05 郑州万特电气股份有限公司 Electricity consumption information acquisition simulation system
CN105425144A (en) * 2015-11-11 2016-03-23 浙江中控自动化仪表有限公司 Relay fault detection circuit and fault detection method thereof
CN205753656U (en) * 2016-06-16 2016-11-30 国网江苏省电力公司职业技能训练基地 A kind of leakage current Check System

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202206355U (en) * 2011-08-02 2012-04-25 赖德龙 Switch circuit and switch testing system using same
US20130268216A1 (en) * 2012-04-06 2013-10-10 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Insulation monitoring system for secured electric power system
CN203422862U (en) * 2013-09-13 2014-02-05 郑州万特电气股份有限公司 Electricity consumption information acquisition simulation system
CN105425144A (en) * 2015-11-11 2016-03-23 浙江中控自动化仪表有限公司 Relay fault detection circuit and fault detection method thereof
CN205753656U (en) * 2016-06-16 2016-11-30 国网江苏省电力公司职业技能训练基地 A kind of leakage current Check System

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Application publication date: 20221206

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