CN115441042A - 一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
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- RKLWISLCSWAWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;difluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[F-].[F-] RKLWISLCSWAWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- LLYXJBROWQDVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1Cl LLYXJBROWQDVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- YPGMOWHXEQDBBV-IMJSIDKUSA-N (4R,5R)-1,2-dithiane-4,5-diol Chemical compound O[C@H]1CSSC[C@@H]1O YPGMOWHXEQDBBV-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 description 1
- NCZYUKGXRHBAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Li+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Fe+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [Li+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Fe+2].[Li+] NCZYUKGXRHBAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylbenzene Chemical class CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于锂离子电池技术领域,具体涉及一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池及其制备方法,包括:正极极片,负极极片,隔膜和电解液;正极极片包括铝箔集流体、磷酸铁锂、导电剂、粘结剂;负极极片包括铜箔集流体、中间相炭微球、水系碳纳米管、羧甲基纤维素钠、水性粘结剂;所述电解液包括锂盐、溶剂和添加剂,所述锂盐包括六氟磷酸锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂盐,所述溶剂选自碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、乙酸乙酯和丙酸乙酯中的三种以上,所述添加剂包括硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯和氟代碳酸乙烯酯。本发明的磷酸铁锂电池可在‑20℃低温放电85%以上的,低温‑20℃充电并且放电容量保持率大于70%,大倍率放电性能优异。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于锂离子电池技术领域,具体涉及一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
磷酸铁锂电池具有高比能量、高比功率、高能量转换效率和长循环寿命等的优点,但现有技术中存在低温时难以放电和充电的问题,低温性能的改善对推广磷酸铁锂电池的使用范围及装机量会有巨大的提升,同时可以提升企业在行业中的竞争力。具备低温充放电性能的磷酸铁锂电池可以拓宽磷酸铁锂的特殊用途,比如在军工,航天等领域的应用。因此,磷酸铁锂电池低温性能改善项目的实施及产业化对磷酸铁锂锂离子电池产业的迅速发展十分重要,有助于解决大家关心的低温环境下续航里程的难题,推动新能源产业和电动汽车的快速发展。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有圆柱26700型锂离子电池低温放电能量保持率低、充电析锂等的不足,提供一种可在-20℃低温下放电85%以上的,满足低温-20℃充电并且放电容量保持率大于70%,大倍率放电性能优异的、磷酸铁锂锂离子电池。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,包括:正极极片,负极极片,隔膜和电解液;所述正极极片包括铝箔集流体、磷酸铁锂、导电剂、粘结剂;
所述负极极片包括铜箔集流体、中间相炭微球、水系碳纳米管、羧甲基纤维素钠、水性粘结剂;所述电解液包括锂盐、溶剂和添加剂,所述锂盐包括六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)、双氟磺酰亚胺锂盐(LiFSI)所述溶剂选自碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、乙酸乙酯(EA)和丙酸乙酯(EP)中的三种以上,所述添加剂包括硫酸乙烯酯(DTD)、亚硫酸乙烯酯(ES)和氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)。
本发明在一较佳示例中,所述磷酸铁锂电池的充电截止电压不超过3.65V。
本发明在一较佳示例中,所述磷酸铁锂是由固相合成法制备的改性磷酸铁锂正极材料,粒径D50范围0.9~1.6μm,比表面积为10~15m2/g,首次库伦效率≥96%,1C克容量>145mAh/g。
本发明在一较佳示例中,所述导电剂是导电炭黑、碳纳米管和石墨烯组成的复合导电浆料,其中,导电炭黑的粒径为9~17μm、比表面积为60~70m2/g;所述碳纳米管的管径为10~20nm、比表面积180~230m2/g;所述石墨烯的层数为3~10层;所述导电炭黑、碳纳米管和石墨烯的重量比为20∶4∶1,复合导电浆料的固含量为5%、粘度<3000mPa·s。
本发明在一较佳示例中,所述粘结剂是偏氟乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物和聚偏二氟乙烯的混合体,两者混合比例为1:1。
本发明在一较佳示例中,所述中间相炭微球粒径D50范围10.5~14.5μm,比表面积为10~15m2/g,首次库伦效率≥96%,1C克容量>145mAh/g。
本发明在一较佳示例中,所述水性粘结剂为苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物。
本发明在一较佳示例中,所述水系碳纳米管的固含量为0.4%、管径为2.8nm,管壁层数为1~2层,碳管长度为1.2~34.3μm。
本发明在一较佳示例中,所述锂盐为六氟磷酸锂和双氟黄酰亚胺锂的混合锂盐,所述锂盐的浓度为1~1.3mol/L,六氟磷酸锂和双氟黄酰亚胺锂之间的重量比为6~8∶4~2。
本发明在一较佳示例中,所述溶剂为三~五元溶剂体系,由碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯中的三~五种进行复配,所述溶剂在电解液中所占的质量分数为75~85%,所述添加剂为硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯和氟代碳酸乙烯酯组成的混合物,硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯和氟代碳酸乙烯酯各自的添加比例分别为0.5~3%。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和积极效果如下:
(1)正极材料选用由固相合成法制备的磷酸铁锂正极材料,此方法制备的材料均一性好(粒径分布较窄),批次稳定性高,材料加工性能好(比表面积小),低温性能优异(电化学极化小),高倍率放电性能优异,循环次数达到3000次以上,满足此材料在EV或PHEV上循环寿命要求;
(2)正极导电剂选用的是由超级导电炭黑、碳纳米管和氮掺杂石墨烯混合制成的导电浆料,利用点线面相结合的三维结构,均匀包覆在颗粒表面,可提高离子导电性,缩短离子的迁移距离,降低电池内部的电化学极化;
(3)正极添加剂的使用:添加含氟乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物,可以提升浆料的固含量及极片的柔韧性,降低PVDF的用量,同时由于材料介电常数高,可提高极片的电导率;
(4)电解液选用EC、DMC、EMC、EA、EP等低粘度溶剂;LiPF6和LiFSI混合锂盐,提高电解液的电导率和锂离子迁移数,增强电解液导离子能力;新型低阻抗成膜添加剂使用(DTD、FEC、ES等)降低低温成膜阻抗、形成更加稳定的界面保护膜,提升电池全生命周期的循环稳定性;
(5)负极首先选用中间相炭微球石墨材料作为主材;其次,搭配水系CNT导电浆料构成的导电网络可有效缩短锂离子脱嵌过程的迁移距离,最后使用改性丁苯系(苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物)粘结剂的可有效提升极片的黏附力,缩短电解液的渗液时间,降低界面阻抗,从而有效解决低温放电容量保持率低难题。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例1的低温放电曲线图;
图2本发明实施例1的倍率放电曲线图;
图3本发明实施例1和比较例1~2的-20℃低温循环曲线图;
图4本发明实施例1和比较例1~2的常温循环曲线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加明白清楚,结合具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步描述,但是本发明并不限于这些实施例。需要说明的是,在不相冲突的前提下,以下描述的各实施例之间或各技术特征之间可以任意组合形成新的实施例。在本发明中,若非特指,所有的份、百分比均为质量单位,所采用的设备和原料等均可从市场购得或是本领域常用的。下述实施例中的方法,如没有特别说明,均为本领域的常规方法。
本文中所用的术语″包含″、″包括″、″含有″或其任何其它变形,意在覆盖非排它性的包括。例如,包含所列要素的组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置不必仅限于那些要素,而是可以包括未明确列出的其它要素或此种组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置所固有的要素。
当量、浓度、或者其它值或参数以范围、优选范围、或一系列上限优选值和下限优选值限定的范围表示时,这应当被理解为具体公开了由任何范围上限或者优选值与任何范围下限或优选值的任意一配对所形成的所有范围,而不论该范围是否单独公开了。例如,当公开了范围″1至5″时,所描述的范围应被解释为包括范围″1至4″、″1至3″、″1至2″、″1至2和4至5″、″1至3和5″等。当数值范围在本文中被描述时,除非另外地说明,否则此范围意图包括其端值和在该范围内的所有整数和分数。
下面对本发明的具体实施例做详细说明。
实施例1
一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,包括:正极极片,负极极片,隔膜和电解液;所述正极极片包括铝箔集流体、磷酸铁锂、导电剂、粘结剂;
所述负极极片包括铜箔集流体、中间相炭微球、水系碳纳米管、羧甲基纤维素钠、水性粘结剂;所述电解液包括锂盐、溶剂和添加剂;
所述磷酸铁锂电池的充电截止电压不超过3.65V;
所述磷酸铁锂是由固相合成法制备的改性磷酸铁锂正极材料,粒径D50=1.25±0.05μm,比表面积为12.5±0.05m2/g,首次库伦效率98%,1C克容量=158mAh/g;
所述导电剂是导电炭黑、碳纳米管和石墨烯组成的复合导电浆料,其中导电炭黑的粒径为13μμm、比表面积为65m2/g;所述碳纳米管的管径为15nm、比表面积205m2/g;所述石墨烯的层数为6层;所述导电炭黑、碳纳米管和石墨烯的重量比为20∶4∶1,复合导电浆料的固含量为5%、粘度<3000mPa·s;
所述粘结剂是偏氟乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物和聚偏二氟乙烯的混合体,两者混合比例为1∶1;
所述中间相炭微球粒径D50=12.5±0.05μm,比表面积12.5±0.05m2/g,首次库伦效率=98%,1C克容量=152mAh/g;
所述水性粘结剂为苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物,所述水系碳纳米管的固含量为0.4%、管径为2.8nm,管壁层数为2层,碳管长度为17.5±0.05μm;
其中,正极匀浆:采用捏合工艺进行材料分散,捏合固含量68%,配方比例为改性磷酸铁锂∶导电炭黑∶CNT+石墨烯导电浆料∶偏氟乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物∶聚偏二氟乙烯=95:2:0.5∶1.25∶1.25,固含量55±2%,粘度4500±1000mPa·s,涂布面密度350±5.25g/m2,压实密度2.3±0.05g/cm3;
负极匀浆:采用捏合工艺进行材料分散,捏合固含70%,配方比例为中间相炭微球∶CNT∶CMC∶苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物=96.4∶1.2∶1.4∶2,固含量55±2%,粘度3000±1000mPa·s,涂布面密度163.6±2.49g/m2,压实密度1.5±0.05g/cm3;
隔膜:选用16μm湿法隔膜,电解液选用新型低温型电解液;其中,锂盐为六氟磷酸锂和双氟黄酰亚胺锂的混合锂盐,所述锂盐的浓度为1.12mol/L,六氟磷酸锂和双氟黄酰亚胺锂之间的重量比为7∶2;溶剂为四元溶剂体系,由碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、乙酸乙酯和丙酸乙酯进行复配,所述溶剂在电解液中所占的质量分数为80%;添加剂为硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯和氟代碳酸乙烯酯组成的混合物,硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯和氟代碳酸乙烯酯各自的添加比例分别为0.52%、1.8%和2.9%;
将上述正极片,负极片进行制片,正极片中间出极耳,负极片的头部和尾部双极耳,然后再进行卷绕、装配、滚槽、烘烤、注液、焊接盖帽、封装、老化、化成、分容后制得26700型电芯。
比较例1
正极匀浆:采用捏合工艺进行材料分散,捏合固含68%,配方比例为改性磷酸铁锂:导电炭黑:CNT+石墨烯导电浆料∶聚偏二氟乙烯=95∶2∶0.5∶2.5,固含量55±2%,粘度4500±1000mPa·s,涂布面密度350±5.25g/m2,压实密度2.3±0.05g/cm3;
负极匀浆:采用捏合工艺进行材料分散,捏合固含66%,配方比例为中间相炭微球∶导电炭黑∶CMC∶SBR=95.4∶1.2∶1.4∶2,固含量55±2%,粘度3000±1000mPa·s,涂布面密度163.6±2.49g/m2,压实密度1.5±0.05g/cm3;
隔膜:选用16μm湿法隔膜,电解液选用常规磷酸铁锂电解液;
其他的特征则与实施例1一致;
将上述正极片,负极片进行制片,正极片中间出极耳,负极片头部和尾部双极耳,然后进行卷绕、滚槽、烘烤、注液、焊接盖帽、封装、老化、化成、分容之后,制得26700型电芯。
比较例2
正极匀浆:采用捏合工艺进行材料分散,捏合固合68%,配方比例为改性磷酸铁锂∶导电炭黑∶CNT+石墨烯导电浆料∶聚偏二氟乙烯=95∶2∶0.5∶2.5,固含量55±2%,粘度4500±1000mPa·s,涂布面密度350±5.25g/m2,压实密度2.3±0.05g/cm3;
负极匀浆:采用捏合工艺进行材料分散,捏合固含66%,配方比例为人造石墨∶导电炭黑∶CMC∶SBR=95.4∶1.2∶1.4∶2,固含量55±2%,粘度3000±1000mPa.s,涂布面密度164±2.43g/m2,压实密度1.5±0.05g/cm3;
隔膜选用16μm湿法隔膜,电解液选用新型低温型电解液;
其他的特征则与实施例1一致;
将上述正极片,负极片进行制片,正极片中间出极耳,负极片的头部和尾部双极耳,然后再进行卷绕、装配、滚槽、烘烤、注液、焊接盖帽、封装、老化、化成、分容后制得26700型电芯。
对实施例1和比较例1~2的直流内阻、低温放电性能、低温循环60次的性能,倍率放电性能和0.5C/1C常温循环性能进行测试,结果分别见表1~5。
表1实施例1和比较例1~2的直流内阻测试结果
表2实施例1和比较例1~2的低温放电性能测试结果
表3实施例1和比较例1~2的低温循环60次性能测试结果(0.2C/0.5C)
表4实施例1和比较例1~2的倍率放电性能测试结果
项目 | 0.5C | 1C | 3C | 5C |
实施例 | 100.00% | 99.92% | 99.83% | 99.46% |
比较例1 | 100.00% | 99.04% | 99.95% | 100.02% |
比较例2 | 100.00% | 99.96% | 99.88% | 99.33% |
表5实施例1和比较例1~2的v.5C/1C常温循环性能结果
上述实施例仅是本发明的较优实施方式,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修饰、修改及替代变化,均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,包括:正极极片,负极极片,隔膜和电解液;其特征在于,所述正极极片包括铝箔集流体、磷酸铁锂、导电剂、粘结剂;所述负极极片包括铜箔集流体、中间相炭微球、水系碳纳米管、羧甲基纤维素钠、水性粘结剂;所述电解液包括锂盐、溶剂和添加剂,所述锂盐包括六氟磷酸锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂盐,所述溶剂选自碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、乙酸乙酯和丙酸乙酯中的三种以上,所述添加剂包括硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯和氟代碳酸乙烯酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,其特征在于,所述磷酸铁锂电池的充电截止电压不超过3.65V。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,其特征在于,所述磷酸铁锂是由固相合成法制备的改性磷酸铁锂正极材料,粒径D50范围0.9~1.6μm,比表面积为10~15m2/g,首次库伦效率≥96%,1C克容量>145mAh/g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,其特征在于,所述导电剂是导电炭黑、碳纳米管和石墨烯组成的复合导电浆料,其中,导电炭黑的粒径为9~17μm、比表面积为60~70m2/g;所述碳纳米管的管径为10~20nm、比表面积180~230m2/g;所述石墨烯的层数为3~10层;所述导电炭黑、碳纳米管和石墨烯的重量比为20∶4∶1,复合导电浆料的固含量为5%、粘度<3000mPa·s。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,其特征在于,所述粘结剂是偏氟乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物和聚偏二氟乙烯的混合体,两者混合比例为1∶1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,其特征在于,所述中间相炭微球粒径D50范围10.5~14.5μm,比表面积为10~15m2/g,首次库伦效率≥96%,1C克容量>145mAh/g。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,其特征在于,所述水性粘结剂为苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,其特征在于,所述水系碳纳米管的固含量为0.4%、管径为2.8nm,管壁层数为1~2层,碳管长度为1.2~34.3μm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,其特征在于,所述锂盐为六氟磷酸锂和双氟黄酰亚胺锂的混合锂盐,所述锂盐的浓度为1~1.3mol/L,六氟磷酸锂和双氟黄酰亚胺锂之间的重量比为6~8∶4~2。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温型磷酸铁锂电池,其特征在于,所述溶剂为三~五元溶剂体系,由碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯中的三~五种进行复配,所述溶剂在电解液中所占的质量分数为75~85%,所述添加剂为硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯和氟代碳酸乙烯酯组成的混合物,硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯和氟代碳酸乙烯酯各自的添加比例分别为0.5~3%。
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