CN115433850A - 一种深远海养殖用耐蚀抑菌铜合金材料及其加工工艺 - Google Patents
一种深远海养殖用耐蚀抑菌铜合金材料及其加工工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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Abstract
一种深远海养殖用耐蚀抑菌铜合金材料及其加工工艺,工艺流程步骤为:配料‑熔炼‑熔铸,铸造采用水平连续铸造工艺;使用水平连续铸造生产线坯后,进行拉伸‑退火‑酸洗‑拉伸‑检验工序;本发明的材料能够抑制海洋生物在网箱上附着和生长,减少寄生虫和致病菌,为鱼类养殖创造更洁净、健康的条件,耐流动海水长期冲刷腐蚀、强韧性好、容易编织成网,适宜于深远海环境应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有色金属加工领域,尤其涉及一种深远海养殖用耐蚀抑菌铜合金材料及其加工工艺。
背景技术
我国水产养殖业从养殖区域上看,15米等深线以内适于渔业养殖水域饱和,存在环保隐患,利用深远海大与深的优势,提高鱼的品质和养殖效率势在必行。由于复杂的海况和高昂养殖成本等原因,水产养殖20~50米的深海利用率较低,控制近海养殖密度,拓展离岸养殖及深海养殖,提高设施装备水平,是国家渔业的中长期发展目标。养殖网箱装备技术作为海水养殖的重要组成部分,在开拓养殖海域、减轻近海水质恶化压力和提高养殖鱼类品质等方面显示出明显的优势,是开发外海深水养殖和发展现代海洋牧场的重要生产方式。
从网箱网衣材料上看,基本上是由传统合成纤维(如尼龙、聚乙烯、聚丙烯等)制成,抗污和抗风浪能力较差,需要频繁清洁和换网,一旦遇强风暴袭击便损失惨重。
随着海洋养殖开发广度和深度的增加,网衣材料的基础作用越来越凸显。对传统合成纤维材料制成的网箱而言,生物污损会对其养殖效果产生强烈的负面影响,是水产养殖中的最大问题之一。在网箱长期浸没在海水受生物污损的过程中,各种快速生长的藻类孢子、动物幼虫以及其它生物附着在网衣表面,造成网孔部分甚至完全堵塞,妨碍网箱内外的水体交换,降低溶解氧。若不及时清洗或更换网衣,易导致鱼感染疾病而死亡或鱼的生长速度减慢、过早捕捞、减少鱼类产品价值以及恶化附近养殖场的水质环境。另外,生物污损还会增加网衣额外的负载,往往导致破损和额外的维护费用。因此,怎样能够抑制海洋生物在网箱上附着和生长,减少寄生虫和致病菌,避免鱼类养殖的水质环境被污染成为长期以来难以解决的技术难题。
鉴于上述原因,现研发出一种深远海养殖用耐蚀抑菌铜合金材料及其制备工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种深远海养殖用耐蚀抑菌铜合金材料及其制备工艺,能够抑制海洋生物在网箱上附着和生长,减少寄生虫和致病菌,为鱼类养殖创造更洁净、健康的条件,耐流动海水长期冲刷腐蚀、强韧性好、容易编织成网,适宜于深远海环境应用。
本发明为了实现上述目的,采用如下技术方案:一种深远海养殖用耐蚀抑菌铜合金材料及其制备工艺,工艺流程步骤为:配料-熔炼-熔铸,铸造采用水平连续铸造工艺;
使用水平连续铸造生产线坯后,进行拉伸-退火-酸洗-拉伸-检验工序;
配料:Cu:60~80%、Sn:0.4~3%、Sr:0.001~0.1%,B:0.002~0.1%,混合料:0.01-2%,混合料为:Al、Ni、Si、Mn、Fe、P、Cr、Ti、Zr、Ce中的一种或一种以上的混合,剩余为Zn及不可避免的杂质,各组分的质量百分比之和为百分之百;
熔炼:采用感应电炉进行熔炼,熔炼温度为1000~1060℃,铸造温度控制在1180~1230℃,在感应电炉中加入电解铜熔化后,加入Sn,同时加入混合料,之后逐块加入锌锭,Cu-Sr,Cu-B。
采用水平连铸进行铸造时,待熔体喷火后,转炉进行水平连续铸造生产线坯;
拉伸:采用拉伸机对坯料进行拉伸,加工率为25~70%;
退火:拉伸后的坯料进行中间软化退火,退火温度为400~700℃,保温时间:2~8h;
酸洗:退火后的坯料进行酸洗,除去表层氧化物;
拉伸:退火酸洗后的坯料进行拉伸,加工率为20~70%;
检测:检测项目包括化学成分、尺寸偏差、表面质量、力学性能。
本发明的有益效果是:添加锡(Sn)的作用:少量固溶于黄铜中,提高材料耐蚀性、耐磨性、强度、反复弯折性、弹性和硬度;锡可在材料表面形成一层锡浓度高的耐侵蚀性保护膜,防止与鱼体之间接触或与高速流动的海水之间接触而导致的线耗;
添加锶(Sr)的作用:锶的固溶度很小,容易在晶界上聚集,阻碍晶粒长大,降低界面能,促进生核,起到细化晶粒的作用,提高材料强度、硬度、耐蚀性、耐磨性等;
添加硼(B)的作用:硼原子容易填补在脱锌后的空穴中,堵塞原子继续向外扩散的通道,降低脱锌速度,提高表面膜的阻力;硼元素的添加能使晶粒明显细化,提高材料强度、硬度及耐磨蚀性能;
添加稀土元素铈(Ce)(或其他稀土元素)的作用:抑制黄铜中铜离子在氧化层的扩散,进而使腐蚀过程的氧化激活能增加,使氧化速度降低,同时,添加微量稀土后,稀土微合金化铜基合金腐蚀表面膜与基体结合力增强,表面膜阻抗增大,铜基合金耐腐蚀性能提高;其它元素作用:提高材料强度、高海水流速下的耐侵蚀性与耐磨性;尤其,作为在深远海海洋环境中使用的网衣材料,可有效防止严酷条件下网衣损耗,如养殖网被设置在受波浪影响较强的深远海海上的情况,或养殖与养殖网的接触冲击较大的金枪鱼等大型快速回游鱼的情况;本发明所生产的材料,材料性能达到:抗拉强度>480MPa、断后伸长率>32%,可长期抵御17级以上台风,投放水深≥40米,压延加工塑性好,适宜于工程化生产应用,材料耐蚀性好,强韧性高,耐海水长期腐蚀,编织容易,经得住海洋环境强台风冲击,耐蚀性能达到3级标准;本发明材料能够抑制海洋生物在网箱上附着和生长,减少寄生虫和致病菌,为鱼类养殖创造更洁净、健康的条件,耐流动海水长期冲刷腐蚀、强韧性好、容易编织成网,适宜于深远海环境应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明:
实施例1
深远海养殖用铜合金材料:φ6.0mm线材;
配料:Cu 70.0%,Sn 2.5%,Sr 0.05%,B 0.03%,Zn 27.42%,混合料:1.5%,剩余为Zn及不可避免的杂质,各组分的质量百分比之和为百分之百;
熔炼:在感应电炉中加入电解铜熔化后,加入Sn,之后逐块加入锌锭,Cu-B、Cu-Sr;
铸造:待熔体喷火后,转炉进行水平连续铸造生产线坯;
拉伸:采用拉伸机对坯料进行拉伸,加工率为25~70%;
退火:拉伸后的坯料进行中间软化退火,退火温度为400℃,保温时间:2~8h;
酸洗:退火后的坯料进行酸洗,除去表层氧化物;
拉伸:退火酸洗后的坯料进行拉伸,加工率为20~70%;
检测:检测项目包括化学成分、尺寸偏差、表面质量、力学性能。
实施例2
深远海养殖用铜合金材料:φ4.0mm线材;
配料:Cu 63.0%,Sn 2.7%,Sr 0.03%,B 0.03%,Zn34.24%,混合料:1%,剩余为Zn及不可避免的杂质,各组分的质量百分比之和为百分之百;
熔炼:在感应电炉中加入电解铜熔化后,加入Sn,之后逐块加入锌锭,Cu-B、Cu-Sr;
铸造:待熔体喷火后,转炉进行水平连续铸造生产线坯;
拉伸:采用拉伸机对坯料进行拉伸,加工率为40%;
退火:拉伸后的坯料进行中间软化退火,退火温度为500℃,保温时间:2~8h;
酸洗:退火后的坯料进行酸洗,除去表层氧化物;
拉伸:退火酸洗后的坯料再进行拉伸,加工率为30%;
检测:检测项目包括化学成分、尺寸偏差、表面质量、力学性能。
Claims (2)
1.一种深远海养殖用耐蚀抑菌铜合金材料及其加工工艺,其特征在于:工艺流程步骤为:配料-熔炼-熔铸,铸造采用水平连续铸造工艺;
使用水平连续铸造生产线坯后,进行拉伸-退火-酸洗-拉伸-检验工序;
配料:Cu:60~80%、Sn:0.4~3%、Sr:0.001~0.1%,B:0.002~0.1%,混合料:0.01-2%,混合料为:Al、Ni、Si、Mn、Fe、P、Cr、Ti、Zr、Ce中的一种或一种以上的混合,剩余为Zn及不可避免的杂质,各组分的质量百分比之和为百分之百;
熔炼:采用感应电炉进行熔炼,熔炼温度为1000~1060℃,铸造温度控制在1180~1230℃,在感应电炉中加入电解铜熔化后,加入Sn,同时加入混合料,之后逐块加入锌锭,Cu-Sr,Cu-B。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种深远海养殖用耐蚀抑菌铜合金材料及其加工工艺,其特征在于:
采用水平连铸进行铸造时,待熔体喷火后,转炉进行水平连续铸造生产线坯;
拉伸:采用拉伸机对坯料进行拉伸,加工率为25~70%;
退火:拉伸后的坯料进行中间软化退火,退火温度为400~700℃,保温时间:2~8h;
酸洗:退火后的坯料进行酸洗,除去表层氧化物;
拉伸:退火酸洗后的坯料进行拉伸,加工率为20~70%;
检测:检测项目包括化学成分、尺寸偏差、表面质量、力学性能。
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