CN115433589A - 液晶组合物 - Google Patents

液晶组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115433589A
CN115433589A CN202211159036.5A CN202211159036A CN115433589A CN 115433589 A CN115433589 A CN 115433589A CN 202211159036 A CN202211159036 A CN 202211159036A CN 115433589 A CN115433589 A CN 115433589A
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China
Prior art keywords
carbon atoms
liquid crystal
fluorine
group
substituted
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CN202211159036.5A
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English (en)
Inventor
舒克伦
梁瑞祥
董艳丽
乔云霞
赵磊
张虎波
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Shijiazhuang Chengzhi Yonghua Display Material Co Ltd
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Shijiazhuang Chengzhi Yonghua Display Material Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202211159036.5A priority Critical patent/CN115433589A/zh
Publication of CN115433589A publication Critical patent/CN115433589A/zh
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    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/42—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40
    • C09K19/44—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40 containing compounds with benzene rings directly linked
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    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
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    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/14—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain
    • C09K19/18—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain the chain containing carbon-to-carbon triple bonds, e.g. tolans
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
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    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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    • G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
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    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
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    • C09K2019/0466—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the linking chain being a -CF2O- chain
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种液晶组合物，包含一种或多种式Ⅰ和/或Ⅱ所示化合物以及一种或多种式Ⅲ所示化合物：
Figure DDA0003858635850000011
其中各取代基均给出其定义。本发明涉及组合物具有低粘度γ1、高清亮点Tni、大的光学各向异性Δn，可以实现液晶显示的快速响应。

Description

液晶组合物
本申请是申请日为2017年09月30日，申请号为CN201710917295.2的发明名称为液晶组合物的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示领域，具体涉及一种液晶组合物及包含该液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器。
背景技术
目前，液晶化合物的应用范围拓展的越来越广，其可应用于多种类型的显示器、电光器件、传感器等中。用于上述显示领域的液晶化合物的种类繁多，其中向列相液晶应用最为广泛。向列相液晶已经应用在无源TN、STN矩阵显示器和具有TFT有源矩阵的系统中。
显示是把电信号(数据信息)转变为可视光(视觉信息)的过程，完成显示的设备即人机界面(Man-Machine Interface,MMI)。平板显示器(Flat panel Display,FPD)是目前最为流行的一类显示设备。液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display,LCD)是FPD中最早被开发出来，并被商品化的产品。目前，薄膜晶体管液晶显示器(Thin Film Transistor LiquidCrystal Display,TFT-LCD)已经成为LCD应用中的主流产品。液晶材料作为液晶显示器重要的光电子材料之一，对改善液晶显示器的性能发挥重要的作用。
作为液晶材料，需要具有良好的化学和热稳定性以及对电场和电磁辐射的稳定性。而作为薄膜晶体管技术(TFT-LCD)用液晶材料，不仅需要具有如上稳定性外，还应具有较宽的向列相温度范围、合适的双折射率各向异性、非常高的电阻率、良好的抗紫外线性能、高电荷保持率以及低蒸汽压等性能。
对于动态画面显示应用，消除显示画面残影和拖尾，要求液晶具有很快的响应速度，因此要求液晶具有较低的旋转粘度γ1；另外，对于便携式设备，为了降低设备能耗，希望液晶的驱动电压尽可能低；而对于电视等用途的显示器来说，对于液晶的驱动电压要求不是那么的低。
液晶化合物的粘度，尤其是旋转粘度γ1直接影响液晶加电后的响应时间，不管是上升时间(ton)还是下降时间(toff)，都与液晶的旋转粘度γ1成正比关系，上升时间(ton)由于与液晶盒和驱动电压有关，可以通过加大驱动电压的方法与降低液晶盒盒厚来调节；而下降时间(toff)与驱动电压无关，主要是与液晶的弹性常数与液晶盒盒厚有关，盒厚的下降会降低下降时间(toff)，而不同显示模式下，液晶分子的运动方式不一样，TN、IPS、VA三种模式分别与平均弹性常数K、扭曲弹性常数、弯曲弹性常数成反比关系。
依照液晶连续体理论，各种不同的液晶在外力(电场、磁场)作用下发生形变后，会通过分子间的相互作用，会“回弹”回原来的形状；同样的，液晶也是由于分子间的相互作用力形成“粘度”。液晶分子的微小变化，会使液晶的常规参数性能发生明显的变化，这些变化有的是有一定规律的，有的似乎不易找到规律，对于液晶分子间的相互作用也会产生明显的影响，这些影响非常微妙，至今也没有形成很完善的理论解释。
液晶的粘度与液晶分子结构有关，研究不同液晶分子形成的液晶体系的粘度与液晶分子结构之间的关系是液晶配方工程师的重要任务之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种液晶组合物及包含该液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器，该液晶组合物具有较低的粘度和较大的光学各向异性Δn，可以实现快速响应。包含该液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器具有较宽的向列相温度范围、合适的双折射率各向异性、非常高的电阻率、良好的抗紫外线性能、高电荷保持率以及低蒸汽压等性能。
为了实现上述有益技术效果，本发明提供一种负性液晶组合物，包含一种或多种式Ⅰ和/或Ⅱ所示化合物以及一种或多种式Ⅲ所示化合物，还可以包含一种或多种式Ⅴ所示的化合物，
Figure BDA0003858635840000021
Figure BDA0003858635840000031
其中，
R1、R2、R4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-5的烷基或碳原子数为2-5的链烯基；
R3表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基；
且R1、R2、R3、R4所示基团中任意一个或多个不相连的CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基、环丙基或-O-替代；
Figure BDA0003858635840000032
各自独立的表示1,4-亚苯基、1,4-亚环己基或1,4-亚环己烯基；
R6、R7各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R6、R7所示基团中任意一个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代；
Z3、Z4各自独立地表示单键、-CH2CH2-或-CH2O-；
Figure BDA0003858635840000033
各自独立地表示
Figure BDA0003858635840000034
和/或
Figure BDA0003858635840000035
中的一种或两种；
o表示1或2；
n表示0、1或2。
本发明所述液晶组合物优选不包含含有-CN的液晶化合物、不包含含有吡啶、嘧啶环化合物。
本发明进一步优选不含有稠环结构的液晶化合物。
本发明所提供的液晶组合物Δn[589nm,25℃]>0.08，Δε[1KHz,25℃]>2或Δε[1KHz,25℃]﹤-2，清亮点Cp>70.0℃，旋转粘度γ1[25℃]在40～120mPa·s之间。
本发明所提供的液晶组合物，所述一种或多种式Ⅰ和/或Ⅱ所示化合物的总质量含量优选为1-20％，所述一种或多种式Ⅲ所示化合物的总质量含量优选为5-85％，所述一种或多种式Ⅲ-B所示化合物的总质量含量优选为5-55％。
本发明的液晶组合物不含有含有-CN结构的液晶成分以及含有吡啶、嘧啶环化合物。-CN具有很大的永久偶极矩，电子云较为丰富，易于吸附阳离子从而导致离子溶剂化，使液晶电学性能的下降，比如电荷保持率VHR、电阻率ρ、功耗等；吡啶、嘧啶环化合物由于在UV下电子易于受到激发而导致品质下降。
各种取代基的不同，式Ⅰ所示化合物具体为式Ⅰ1-Ⅰ4、式Ⅱ所示化合物具体为Ⅱ-1-Ⅱ-5所示化合物：
Figure BDA0003858635840000041
式Ⅰ1和Ⅱ1所示化合物普遍具有与其他液晶良好的互溶性，化合物的光学各向异性Δn总体偏大，一般大于混合液晶的Δn，所以，可以用于低盒厚液晶开发。当含有R2表示碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基时，由于氧原子的共轭参与，Δn更大。
所述式Ⅲ所示化合物优选包含式Ⅲ-1至Ⅲ-10所示化合物中的一种或多种
Figure BDA0003858635840000051
所述一种或多种式Ⅴ所示的化合物优选为式Ⅴ1-Ⅴ11所示化合物中的一种或多种
Figure BDA0003858635840000052
Figure BDA0003858635840000061
其中，R6、R7各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R6、R7所示基团中任意一个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代。
本发明液晶组合物可以为负性液晶组合物，所述液晶组合物还可以包含一种或多种式Ⅵ所示的化合物
Figure BDA0003858635840000071
其中，R8、R9各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R8、R9所示基团中任意一个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代。
式Ⅵ所示的化合物优选为：
Figure BDA0003858635840000072
其中，R81表示碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基。
液晶组合物各成分的不同比例，会表现出略有差异的性能，比如介电各向异性Δε、光学各向异性Δn、液晶的向列相转化为液体的转变温度点CP、低温下稳定性都会有所差异，可以应用于不同类型的显示器件，但是相同的特点是其旋转粘度γ1较低。应用于液晶显示器件，可以实现快速响应。
本发明所提供的液晶化合物中还可以加入各种功能的掺杂剂，掺杂剂含量优选0.01-1％之间，这些掺杂剂主要是抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、手性剂。
抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂优选：
Figure BDA0003858635840000073
Figure BDA0003858635840000081
S表示1-10的整数。
手性剂优选(左旋或右旋)：
Figure BDA0003858635840000082
本发明还涉及包含上述任意一种液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器；所述显示元件或显示器为有源矩阵显示元件或显示器或无源矩阵显示元件或显示器。
所述液晶显示元件或液晶显示器优选有源矩阵寻址液晶显示元件或液晶显示器。
所述有源矩阵显示元件或显示器具体为TN-TFT或IPS-TFT液晶显示元件或显示器。
本发明所提供的液晶组合物具有较低的粘度，可以实现快速响应，同时具有较大的光学各向异性Δn、高的对热和光的稳定性、适合与低盒厚快速响应液晶开发。
包含本发明所提供的液晶组合物的液晶材料，不但具有良好的化学和热稳定性以及对电场和电磁辐射的稳定性。而且，作为薄膜晶体管技术(TFT-LCD)用液晶材料，还具有较宽的向列相温度范围、合适的双折射率各向异性、非常高的电阻率、良好的抗紫外线性能、高电荷保持率以及低蒸汽压等性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述，但本发明并不限于以下实施例。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。所述原料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径而得。所述百分比如无特别说明，均为质量百分比。
下述实施例中，
CP表示清亮点，直接使用WRX-1S显微热分析仪测定，设定升温速率为3℃/min。
Δn表示光学各向异性(589nm，25℃)，
Δε表示介电各向异性(25℃，1KHz，HP4284A，5.2微米TN左旋盒)，
γ1表示25℃时旋转粘度(mpas)，VHR(％)代表电荷保持率(5V,60Hz,20℃)，ρ(×1013Ω·cm)代表电阻率(20℃)
电压保持率VHR(％)的测试仪与电阻率ρ(×1013Ω·cm)均为TOYO06254和TOYO6517型液晶物性评价系统(测试温度20℃，时间16ms，测试盒为7.0微米)
本发明申请实施例液晶单体结构用代码表示，液晶环结构、端基、连接基团的代码表示方法见下表(一)、表(二)
表(一)：环结构的对应代码
Figure BDA0003858635840000091
Figure BDA0003858635840000101
表(二)：端基与链接基团的对应代码
Figure BDA0003858635840000102
举例：
CC-C(5)-V1
Figure BDA0003858635840000103
PGUQU-3-F
Figure BDA0003858635840000111
Figure BDA0003858635840000112
实施例6
Figure BDA0003858635840000113
实施例7
Figure BDA0003858635840000114
Figure BDA0003858635840000121
实施例8
Figure BDA0003858635840000122
Figure BDA0003858635840000131
实施例9
Figure BDA0003858635840000132
实施例10
Figure BDA0003858635840000133
Figure BDA0003858635840000141
由以上实施例可以看出：本发明的液晶组合物具有较高的Cp，用于液晶显示，可以实现更宽的使用温度范围。尤其适合于车载等宽温使用范围的TN、IPS、FFS、VA模式用液晶材料。

Claims (7)

1.一种液晶组合物，其特征在于，为负性液晶组合物，所述液晶组合物包含一种或多种式Ⅰ和/或Ⅱ所示化合物以及一种或多种式Ⅲ所示化合物，还包含一种或多种式Ⅴ所示的化合物，
Figure FDA0003858635830000011
其中，
R1、R2、R4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-5的烷基或碳原子数为2-5的链烯基；
R3表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基；
且R1、R2、R3、R4所示基团中任意一个或多个不相连的CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基、环丙基或-O-替代；
Figure FDA0003858635830000012
各自独立的表示1,4-亚苯基、1,4-亚环己基或1,4-亚环己烯基；
R6、R7各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R6、R7所示基团中任意一个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代；
Z3、Z4各自独立地表示单键、-CH2CH2-或-CH2O-；
Figure FDA0003858635830000021
各自独立地表示
Figure FDA0003858635830000022
和/或
Figure FDA0003858635830000023
中的一种或两种；
o表示1或2；
n表示0、1或2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述一种或多种式Ⅲ所示化合物为式Ⅲ-1至Ⅲ-12所示化合物中的一种或多种
Figure FDA0003858635830000024
Figure FDA0003858635830000031
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物中，所述一种或多种式Ⅰ和/或Ⅱ所示化合物的总质量含量为1-20％，所述一种或多种式Ⅲ所示化合物的总质量含量为5-85％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述一种或多种式Ⅳ所示的化合物为式Ⅴ1-Ⅴ11所示化合物中的一种或多种
Figure FDA0003858635830000032
Figure FDA0003858635830000041
其中，R6、R7各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R6、R7所示基团中任意一个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代。
5.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物为负性液晶组合物，还包含一种或多种式Ⅵ所示的化合物
Figure FDA0003858635830000042
其中，R8、R9各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R8、R9所示基团中任意一个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代。
6.一种包含权利要求1-5中任一所述液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述显示元件或显示器为有源矩阵显示元件或显示器或无源矩阵显示元件或显示器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述有源矩阵显示元件或显示器为TN-TFT或IPS-TFT或VA-TFT液晶显示元件或显示器。
CN202211159036.5A 2017-09-30 2017-09-30 液晶组合物 Pending CN115433589A (zh)

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