CN115428789A - 一种蜗牛防治剂及其制备、使用方法 - Google Patents
一种蜗牛防治剂及其制备、使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种蜗牛防治剂及其制备、使用方法,防治剂包括以下重量份数的组分:刺黄连:6‑9份、胆巴:4‑8份、硫酸铜:3‑7份、青蒿:4‑9份、魔鬼辣椒:6‑9份、苦参片:3‑9份、红糖:2‑7份、甘草:3‑8份、曼陀罗:3‑7份、葡萄糖:2‑6份、南非叶:4‑9份、一支蒿:3‑7份、麻芋子:4‑9份、鲜松针:2‑7份、茉莉花:4‑9份、夜来香:3‑8份。本发明利用独特的工艺,从多种药用植物中得到一些传统方法得不到的组分,且大大提高有效成分的萃取率,诸药协同使用,从而产生灭杀害虫、修复作物的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业害虫防治技术领域,具体涉及一种蜗牛防治剂及其制备、使用方法。
背景技术
农作物病虫害是我国的主要农业灾害之一,具有种类多、难以根除,并时常爆发的特点,大范围的农作物病虫害对我国农业生产和国民经济造成巨大损失。蜗牛就是其中一种,此类害虫寄主于植物、林木幼苗、蔬菜、花卉等,主食植物嫩叶、嫩芽、肉质茎、花以及多汁果实。为害后造成植株生产缓慢,严重时将植物幼苗全部吃光,减产绝收,且它爬行所留下的黏液和粪便严重影响作物的品质。
为了使农作物健康生长,不得不通过喷洒农药的方式消灭害虫。对于软骨害虫蜗牛,目前使用的农药一般有四聚乙醛,甲萘威等,但是它们性质不稳定,并且容易产生农作物药物残留,危害人体健康,不适用于蔬菜瓜果等作物,甚至损害土壤结构,破坏生态,导致土地无法耕种。
公告号为CN101731287 A的专利申请公开了一种纯天然植物杀虫剂,包括松针10-18份,苦参4-10份,青蒿4-12份,70-100%乙醇60-80份,将各原料粉碎置于乙醇中,封口浸泡20-35天得到药液,杀虫效果好,对植物和人畜没有药性。
公告号为CN109105403 A的专利申请公开了一种植物驱虫生物发酵液及其制备方法,该发酵液由以下成分组成:辣椒、大蒜、洋葱、香菜、青蒿、除虫菊、薄荷、大豆、水、和益生菌,将各原料研磨成浆料后发酵制得驱虫生物发酵液。
公告号为CN109042761 A的专利申请公开了一种防治旱蜗牛的生物菌液及其制备方法,生物菌液由以下原料制备:野连树叶、诸桃树叶、辣椒、椿树叶、陈皮、乳酸菌、氨基酸、芽孢杆菌;这种生物菌液散发出草香的味道,有效驱赶蜗牛,防止蜗牛破坏农作物,提高农作物的产量,而且绿色环保。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是,提供一种蜗牛防治剂,具有优异的杀虫防治效果,解决化学农药无法根除害虫,容易产生残留物危害人体健康,污染土地、破坏土壤结构的问题,并对植物生长具有一定促进作用。
本发明采用的技术方案是,一种蜗牛防治剂,包括以下重量份数的组分:
刺黄连:6-9份、胆巴:4-8份、硫酸铜:3-7份、青蒿:4-9份、魔鬼辣椒:6-9份、苦参片:3-9份、甘草:3-8份,红糖:2-7份、曼陀罗:3-7份、葡萄糖:2-6份、南非叶:4-9份、一支蒿:3-7份、麻芋子:4-9份、鲜松针:2-7份、茉莉花:4-9份、夜来香:3-8份。
一种蜗牛防治剂的优选方案,包括以下重量份数的组分:
刺黄连:6份、胆巴:4份、硫酸铜:3份、青蒿:7份、魔鬼辣椒:8份、苦参片:6份、红糖:3份、甘草:5份、曼陀罗:5份、葡萄糖:3份、南非叶:7份、一支蒿:4份、麻芋子:5份、鲜松针:3份、茉莉花:5份、夜来香:4份。
一种蜗牛防治剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将曼陀罗和刺黄连切制成段和姜汁和酒拌匀,吸收充分后倒入100℃热锅内,文火炒至微焦取出,放凉备用;
步骤二、将炒制后的曼陀罗和刺黄连,与魔鬼辣椒、苦参片混合后粉碎得到粉末,再用C02超临界低温萃取技术对粉末进行萃取,固液分离,得到液体Ⅰ,保存备用;
步骤三、将青蒿、南非叶、麻芋子和鲜松针粉碎后经超声波水解,固液分离,得到液体Ⅱ,保存备用;
步骤四、将一枝蒿、甘草、茉莉花和夜来香粉碎后经70%乙醇热回流提取,固液分离,得到液体Ⅲ,保存备用;
步骤五、将液体Ⅱ,液体Ⅲ混合后送入反应釜中发酵20-24h,温度控制在25-35℃;
步骤六、向发酵后的液体加入胆巴,顺向搅拌30s后静置25-30min,过滤得到液体Ⅳ,向液体Ⅳ加入与液体Ⅰ、硫酸铜、红糖、葡萄糖混合,搅拌后过滤得到蜗牛防治修复剂。
进一步的,所述曼陀罗与刺黄连和姜汁和酒的质量比为1:1:2。
进一步的,所述步骤三中,采用纯净水与固体药物以质量比1:1的比例进行水解。
进一步的,所述蜗牛防治修复剂用于块茎类和叶菜类蔬菜。
一种蜗牛防治剂的使用方法,播种前按300ml蜗牛防治修复剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑得到混合液,将混合液浇淋在土壤中并对表层土壤翻耕,使混合液与土壤混合;播种后作物生长幼苗期按每亩土150ml蜗牛防治修复剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑后喷洒植物叶片、根茎和周围土壤;播种后作物生长成熟期按每亩土200ml蜗牛防治修复剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑后喷洒植物叶片、根茎和周围土壤施药时段为每天傍晚6点以后,夏季7点以后施药。
进一步的,所述混合液浇淋至土壤湿润,浇淋24后方可播种。
相较现有技术,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明利用独特的工艺,从多种药用植物中得到一些传统方法得不到的组分,且大大提高有效成分的萃取率,诸药协同使用,从而产生灭杀害虫、修复作物的效果;本品属于植物杀虫剂,是药用植物液混合体,适用于消灭软骨虫蜗牛,在消灭幼虫的同时,杀死大蜗牛,抑制蜗牛虫害爆发,避免虫害多次发生,并且通过植物提取物协同灭虫害,不会产生药物残留危害人体健康,有利于土壤结构稳定,保护生态;
(2)本发明配方中,利用红糖、茉莉花、夜来香和葡萄糖发酵产生的独特香味引诱、麻醉蜗牛,且在甘草的调和下具有较长药用时间,利用魔鬼辣椒、硫酸铜、曼陀罗、苦参和胆巴协同杀死蜗牛成虫和幼虫,防治效果可达96%,大大降低了蜗牛虫害的发生率;
(3)本发明配方中,多种中草药协和作用对作物被蜗牛咬食的创伤面有修复作用,避免被细菌真菌感染,并缓解和减轻药物对作物的伤害;
(4)麻芋子、一支蒿、鲜松针可以提高作物的长势和抗逆性,作物茎秆更加的粗壮,叶片更加厚实;松针、协助南非叶调理植物中微量元素含量,提供N和P向植物根系供肥,促进植物生长,根系更加的发达,促进农作物生长,增产创收。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式,基于本发明教导所作的任何变换或替换。均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例中涉及的组分原料,若无特殊说明,均为市面上能够购买的常用商品。
实施例1
一种蜗牛防治剂,包括以下重量份数的组分:
刺黄连:6份、胆巴:4份、硫酸铜:3份、青蒿:7份、魔鬼辣椒:8份、苦参片:6份、红糖:3份、甘草:5份、曼陀罗:5份、葡萄糖:3份、南非叶:7份、一支蒿:4份、麻芋子:5份、鲜松针:3份、茉莉花:5份、夜来香:4份。
一种蜗牛防治剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将曼陀罗和刺黄连切制成段与姜汁和酒按质量比1:1:2的比例拌匀,吸收充分后倒入100℃热锅内,文火炒至微焦取出,放凉备用;
步骤二、将炒制后的曼陀罗和刺黄连,与魔鬼辣椒、苦参片混合后粉碎得到粉末,再用C02超临界低温萃取技术对粉末进行萃取,固液分离,得到液体Ⅰ,保存备用;
步骤三、将青蒿、南非叶、麻芋子和鲜松针粉碎后,采用纯净水与固体药物以质量比1:1的比例进行超声波水解,固液分离,得到液体Ⅱ,保存备用;
步骤四、将一枝蒿、甘草、茉莉花和夜来香粉碎后经70%乙醇热回流提取,固液分离,得到液体Ⅲ,保存备用;
步骤五、将液体Ⅱ,液体Ⅲ混合后送入反应釜中发酵20-24h,温度控制在25-35℃;
步骤六、向发酵后的液体加入胆巴,顺向搅拌30s后静置25-30min,过滤得到液体Ⅳ,向液体Ⅳ加入与液体Ⅰ、硫酸铜、红糖、葡萄糖混合,搅拌后过滤得到蜗牛防治修复剂。
实施例2
与实施例1不同之处在于,一种蜗牛防治剂,包括以下重量份数的组分:刺黄连:6份、胆巴:4份、硫酸铜:3份、青蒿:4份、魔鬼辣椒:6份、苦参片:3份、红糖:2份、甘草:3份、曼陀罗:3份、葡萄糖:2份、南非叶:4份、一支蒿:3份、麻芋子:4份、鲜松针:2份、茉莉花:4份、夜来香:3份。其他条件不变。
实施例3
与实施例1不同之处在于,一种蜗牛防治剂,包括以下重量份数的组分:刺黄连:9份、胆巴:8份、硫酸铜:7份、青蒿:9份、魔鬼辣椒:9份、苦参片:9份、红糖:7份、甘草:8份、曼陀罗:7份、葡萄糖:6份、南非叶:9份、一支蒿:7份、麻芋子:9份、鲜松针:7份、茉莉花:9份、夜来香:8份。其他条件不变
实施例4
与实施例1不同之处在于,一种蜗牛防治剂,包括以下重量份数的组分:刺黄连:7份、胆巴:5份、硫酸铜:5份、青蒿:6份、魔鬼辣椒:7份、苦参片:9份、红糖:6份、甘草:8份、曼陀罗:5份、葡萄糖:4份、南非叶:7份、一支蒿:5份、麻芋子:7份、鲜松针:6份、茉莉花:6份、夜来香:5份。其他条件不变。
对比例1
与实施例1的不同之处在于,一种蜗牛防治剂,包括以下重量份数的组分:刺黄连:6份、胆巴:4份、硫酸铜:3份、青蒿:4份、魔鬼辣椒:6份、苦参片:3份、曼陀罗:3份、南非叶:4份、一支蒿:3份、麻芋子:4份、鲜松针:2份。制备时,无红糖、甘草、葡萄糖、茉莉花和夜来香的相关操作。
对比例2-4
分别按照公告号为CN101731287 A、公告号为CN109105403 A、公告号为CN109042761 A的专利申请方法制备。
使用方法
一种蜗牛防治剂的使用方法,播种前按300ml蜗牛防治修复剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑得到混合液,将混合液浇淋在土壤中并对表层土壤翻耕,使混合液与土壤混合;所述混合液浇淋至土壤湿润,浇淋24后方可播种。播种后作物生长幼苗期按每亩土150ml蜗牛防治修复剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑后喷洒植物叶片、根茎和周围土壤;播种后作物生长成熟期按每亩土200ml蜗牛防治修复剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑后喷洒植物叶片、根茎和周围土壤施药时段为每天傍晚6点以后,夏季7点以后施药。
使用试验
实验一
取若干个容器模拟蜗牛生活环境,并在每个容器中放置50蜗牛,将容器放置在同一环境中,每天早上7点和下午17点分别对容器中的蜗牛施加本发明实施例1-4、对比例1-4制备的药剂,施药时间与数量相同,分别记录随着施药时间变化每个容器中蜗牛存活数,以下为其中一组试验数据:
申请人通过控制施药间隔时间、施药量等作了大量试验组,以上仅为申请人作的其中一组试验数据,仅代表说明本发明制备的蜗牛防治剂具有较好的灭杀蜗牛效果,见效快、杀虫率高达100%。且药效持续时间长,在8d蜗牛全部杀死后,重新放入蜗牛,药剂对蜗牛仍有灭杀作用。
实验二
将本发明实施例1-4、对比例1-4制备的药剂按照按照相关方法分别施用于青菜和辣椒(甜椒)的蜗牛防治(其他种植条件相同),记录蜗牛虫害发生率、青菜和辣椒品质、产量,试验结果如下表所示:
用于青菜的质量评价
用于辣椒的质量评价
从上述试验可以发现,本发明提供的蜗牛防治剂使用后蜗牛发生率明显降低,并且本发明提供蜗牛防治剂对青菜和辣椒生长具有促产增收的效果。
实验三
对存在蜗牛虫害的菜地均匀划定试验块,每天早上和下午7点,分别采用本发明实施例和对比例制备的药剂施药,观察记录施药后虫害情况和作物生长状况,发现本申请提供的蜗牛防治剂除了见效快、有效时间较长以外,对被蜗牛啃食的植株,还具有修复效果,创伤面愈合好,能继续生长,病毒感染率低,病害较少。
Claims (7)
1.一种蜗牛防治剂,其特征在于,包括以下重量份数的组分:
刺黄连:6-9份、胆巴:4-8份、硫酸铜:3-7份、青蒿:4-9份、魔鬼辣椒:6-9份、苦参片:3-9份、甘草:3-8份,红糖:2-7份、曼陀罗:3-7份、葡萄糖:2-6份、南非叶:4-9份、一支蒿:3-7份、麻芋子:4-9份、鲜松针:2-7份、茉莉花:4-9份、夜来香:3-8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种蜗牛防治剂,其特征在于,它还包括以下重量份数的组分:
刺黄连:6份、胆巴:4份、硫酸铜:3份、青蒿:7份、魔鬼辣椒:8份、苦参片:6份、红糖:3份、甘草:5份、曼陀罗:5份、葡萄糖:3份、南非叶:7份、一支蒿:4份、麻芋子:5份、鲜松针:3份、茉莉花:5份、夜来香:4份。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一所述的一种蜗牛防治剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将曼陀罗和刺黄连切制成段和姜汁和酒拌匀,吸收充分后倒入100℃热锅内,文火炒至微焦取出,放凉备用;
步骤二、将炒制后的曼陀罗和刺黄连,与魔鬼辣椒、苦参片混合后粉碎得到粉末,再用C02超临界低温萃取技术对粉末进行萃取,固液分离,得到液体Ⅰ,保存备用;
步骤三、将青蒿、南非叶、麻芋子和鲜松针粉碎后经超声波水解,固液分离,得到液体Ⅱ,保存备用;
步骤四、将一枝蒿、甘草、茉莉花和夜来香粉碎后经70%乙醇热回流提取,固液分离,得到液体Ⅲ,保存备用;
步骤五、将液体Ⅱ,液体Ⅲ混合后送入反应釜中发酵20-24h,温度控制在25-35℃;
步骤六、向发酵后的液体加入胆巴,顺向搅拌30s后静置25-30min,过滤得到液体Ⅳ,向液体Ⅳ加入与液体Ⅰ、硫酸铜、红糖、葡萄糖混合,搅拌后过滤得到蜗牛防治修复剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种蜗牛防治剂,其特征在于,所述步骤一中,所述曼陀罗与刺黄连和姜汁和酒的质量比为1:1:2。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种蜗牛防治剂,其特征在于,所述步骤三中,采用纯净水与固体药物以质量比1:1的比例进行水解。
6.根据权利要求1-2任一所述的一种蜗牛防治剂的使用方法,其特征在于,播种前按300ml蜗牛防治修复剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑得到混合液,将混合液浇淋在土壤中并对表层土壤翻耕,使混合液与土壤混合;播种后作物生长幼苗期按每亩土150ml蜗牛防治修复剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑后喷洒植物叶片、根茎和周围土壤;播种后作物生长成熟期按每亩土200ml蜗牛防治修复剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑后喷洒植物叶片、根茎和周围土壤施药时段为每天傍晚6点以后,夏季7点以后施药。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种蜗牛防治剂的使用方法,其特征在于,所述混合液浇淋至土壤湿润,浇淋24h后方可播种。
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