CN115427473A - 包含水分散性聚异氰酸酯的颜色稳定的固化剂组合物 - Google Patents
包含水分散性聚异氰酸酯的颜色稳定的固化剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115427473A CN115427473A CN202180026019.1A CN202180026019A CN115427473A CN 115427473 A CN115427473 A CN 115427473A CN 202180026019 A CN202180026019 A CN 202180026019A CN 115427473 A CN115427473 A CN 115427473A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polyisocyanate
- alkyl
- butyl
- compound
- polyisocyanate composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 aliphatic isocyanate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 174
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical group OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC([O-])=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCC JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BNMJSBUIDQYHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(O)=O BNMJSBUIDQYHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(O)(=O)OCC UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- LJKDOMVGKKPJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(O)=O LJKDOMVGKKPJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylphosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(=O)OC KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013466 adhesive and sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethyl phosphate(2-) Chemical compound CCOP([O-])([O-])=O ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(O)=O CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001484 poly(alkylene) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 29
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 20
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- MKZPMOFOBNHBSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-1-methylcyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NC1(C)CCCCC1 MKZPMOFOBNHBSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical group NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 5
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- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical class [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 159000000006 cesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CYXGBTZYTXLVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octoxyphosphonoyloxyoctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(=O)OCCCCCCCC CYXGBTZYTXLVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical class [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diimidazo[1,3-b:1',3'-e]pyrazine-5,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CN=CN2C(=O)C2=CN=CN12 UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000982 direct dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
- C08G18/0819—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/2805—Compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/2815—Monohydroxy compounds
- C08G18/283—Compounds containing ether groups, e.g. oxyalkylated monohydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/2805—Compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/288—Compounds containing at least one heteroatom other than oxygen or nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/703—Isocyanates or isothiocyanates transformed in a latent form by physical means
- C08G18/705—Dispersions of isocyanates or isothiocyanates in a liquid medium
- C08G18/706—Dispersions of isocyanates or isothiocyanates in a liquid medium the liquid medium being water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/791—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups
- C08G18/792—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups formed by oligomerisation of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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Abstract
聚异氰酸酯组合物,其包含至少一种聚异氰酸酯(A),所述聚异氰酸酯可通过使以下组分反应而获得:(a)至少一种二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,(b)至少一种表面活性剂,其包含基于以下式(I)和(II)的化合物的混合物;其中R1和R2彼此独立地为烷基、环烷基或芳基,各所述基团可被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、杂原子和/或杂环取代,所述式(I)和(II)化合物的混合物的特征在于,化合物(II),即单酯型化合物,与化合物(I),即二酯型化合物,之间的摩尔比为5:95至95:5,和(c)至少一种单官能聚亚烷基二醇,‑(B)至少一种位阻酚。
Description
本发明涉及(环)脂族二异氰酸酯的水分散性聚异氰酸酯的新的、对颜色变化稳定的组合物。
US 6376584 B1记载了在聚氨酯组合物中使用的各种稳定剂,在所述聚氨酯组合物中多异氰酸酯在二月桂酸二丁基锡的存在下与多元醇反应。
US 7122588 B2记载了涂料,包括聚氨酯涂料,用次磷酸的酯对涂料进行稳定化处理,目的在于延长寿命和抵抗变色。
其中记载的稳定性仍然不足,因此仍然需要改进稳定性。
DE 19630903记载了异氰酸酯在各种磷化合物和酚类化合物辅助下的稳定化。
WO 2005/089085记载了多异氰酸酯组合物作为2K(双组分)聚氨酯涂料的固化剂,除了用于异氰酸酯基团和对其呈反应性的基团之间的反应的催化剂之外,还包含选自位阻酚和仲芳胺以及有机亚磷酸酯(更具体而言为亚磷酸三烷基酯)的稳定剂混合物。在实施例中明确公开的是聚异氰酸酯组合物,异氰脲酸酯Tolonate HDT,用在乙酸丁酯/甲基戊基酮/二甲苯1:1:0.5中的二月桂酸二丁基锡作为催化剂。
然而,亚磷酸酯、特别是亚磷酸三烷基酯且更具体而言亚磷酸三丁基酯的缺点为其具有令人非常不愉悦的臭味。就毒理学分类而言,亚磷酸三丁基酯在与皮肤接触时对健康有害并具有腐蚀性。亚磷酸三苯酯对眼睛和皮肤有刺激性,并对水生生物呈高毒性。此外,亚磷酸酯对湿气敏感。因此,这些化合物至少在引入聚异氰酸酯组合物之前和在引入过程中从健康、职业卫生和处理角度来看存在问题。尽管芳族亚磷酸酯的抗氧化功能低于其脂族相对物,但脂族亚磷酸酯的可得性较差。
在专利说明书WO 2008/116893、WO 2008/116894和WO 2008/116895中记载的产物混合物须包含多异氰酸酯、路易斯酸、初级抗氧化剂(位阻酚)和次级抗氧化剂:硫化合物(WO 2008/116893)、亚膦酸酯(WO 2008/116895)或膦酸酯(WO 2008/116894)。此外,产物混合物可任选地包含酸性稳定剂,其为波尔斯特酸。预期的酸性稳定剂包括有机羧酸、碳酰氯、无机酸(例如磷酸、亚磷酸和盐酸),和二酯,实例有磷酸和/或亚磷酸的烷基二酯和/或芳基二酯,或无机酰基氯,例如磷酰氯或亚硫酰氯。优选作为酸性稳定剂使用的有含有1至8个碳原子的脂族一元羧酸(例如甲酸和乙酸)和含有2至6个碳原子的脂族二羧酸(如草酸且更具体而言为2-乙基己酸)、氯丙酸和/或甲氧基乙酸。未指出磷酸的烷基和/或芳基二酯是优选的。未阐述磺酸的衍生物。
为了防止聚异氰酸酯在本体(即无溶剂)中的粘度上升或甚至是胶凝,更特别地使用在专利申请中经详细说明的这些波尔斯特酸。因此,WO 2008/068197记载了甲氧基乙酸的相应用途,EP 643042同样记载了相应用途。未记载与位阻酚协同用于储存时减色的用途。
本发明的目的是提供进一步具有储存稳定性的水分散性聚异氰酸酯组合物,就气味、毒理学和/或湿度敏感性而言,所述组合物的稳定剂使得职业卫生和健康不成问题,且其稳定作用至少可与现有技术的稳定作用相当。
该目的通过聚异氰酸酯组合物实现,所述聚异氰酸酯组合物包含:
-(A)至少一种聚异氰酸酯,其可通过使以下组分反应而获得:
(a)至少一种二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,
(b)至少一种表面活性剂,其包含基于以下式(I)和(II)的化合物的混合物:
其中
R1和R2彼此独立地为烷基、环烷基或芳基,各所述基团可被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、杂原子和/或杂环取代,所述式(I)和(II)的化合物的混合物的特征在于,化合物(II),即单酯型化合物,与化合物(I),即二酯型化合物,之间的摩尔比为5:95至95:5,
和
(c)至少一种单官能聚亚烷基二醇,
-和(B)至少一种位阻酚。
这种聚异氰酸酯组合物的特征在于随储存时间的变化具有良好的颜色稳定性(“颜色漂移”)并可与聚氨酯涂料中包含对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的组分反应。
合成组分(a)为至少一种,例如一种至三种,优选一种至两种,且更优选恰好一种二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯。
所使用的单体异氰酸酯可以是芳族、脂族或环脂族的,优选脂族或环脂族的,其在本文中简称为(环)脂族。特别优选脂族异氰酸酯。
芳族异氰酸酯为包含至少一个芳环体系的那些芳族异氰酸酯,换言之,不仅有纯芳族化合物而且有芳脂族化合物。
环脂族异氰酸酯为包含至少一个环脂族环体系的那些环脂族异氰酸酯。
脂族异氰酸酯为仅包含直链或支链的链(即无环化合物)的那些脂族异氰酸酯。
所述单体异氰酸酯优选二异氰酸酯,其恰好带有两个异氰酸酯基团。然而,单体异氰酸酯原则上也可以是含有一个异氰酸酯基团的单异氰酸酯。
原则上,也可以为平均含有超过2个异氰酸酯基团的高级异氰酸酯。因此,合适的有例如三异氰酸酯,如三异氰酸根合壬烷、2,6-二异氰酸根合-1-己酸2’-异氰酸根合乙基酯、2,4,6-三异氰酸根合甲苯、三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯或2,4,4’-三异氰酸根合二苯基醚,或二异氰酸酯、三异氰酸酯和高级多异氰酸酯的混合物,所述混合物例如通过相应的苯胺/甲醛缩合物的光气化作用得到并代表亚甲基桥连的多苯基多异氰酸酯和相应的环氢化异氰酸酯。
这些单体异氰酸酯不包含异氰酸酯基团与其自身反应的任何主要产物。
所述单体异氰酸酯优选为含有4至20个碳酸子的异氰酸酯。常用的二异氰酸酯的实例为脂族二异氰酸酯,如四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、五亚甲基1,5-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷)、八亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯的衍生物(例如,赖氨酸甲酯二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸乙酯二异氰酸酯)、三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯或四甲基己烷二异氰酸酯;环脂族二异氰酸酯,如1,4-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合环己烷或1,2-二异氰酸根合环己烷、4,4’-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷或2,4’-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷、1-异氰酸根合-3,3,5-三甲基-5-(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷或1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷或2,4-二异氰酸根合-1-甲基环己烷或2,6-二异氰酸根合-1-甲基环己烷,以及3(或4)-双(异氰酸根合甲基)三环[5.2.1.02 ,6]癸烷异构体混合物、8(或9)-双(异氰酸根合甲基)三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸烷异构体混合物,以及芳族二异氰酸酯,如甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯或甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯及其异构体混合物、间二甲基苯二异氰酸酯或对二甲基苯二异氰酸酯、2,4’-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷或4,4’-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷及其异构体混合物、亚苯基1,3-二异氰酸酯或亚苯基1,4-二异氰酸酯,1-氯亚苯基2,4-二异氰酸酯、亚萘基1,5-二异氰酸酯、二亚苯基4,4’-二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二异氰酸根合-3,3’-二甲基联苯、3-甲基二苯基甲烷4,4’-二异氰酸酯、四甲基亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸根合苯或二苯基醚4,4’-二异氰酸酯。
特别优选六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和4,4’-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷或2,4’-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷,非常特别优选异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯,尤其优选六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯。
也可存在所述异氰酸酯的混合物。
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯通常为混合物的形式,具体而言为顺式和反式异构体的混合物,通常比例为约60:40至80:20(重量/重量),优选比例为约70:30至75:25,更优选比例为约75:25。
二环己基甲烷4,4’-二异氰酸酯同样可以是不同顺式和反式异构体的混合物的形式。
对于本发明,不仅可使用通过相应胺的光气化而得到的那些二异氰酸酯,而且可使用不用光气(即通过无光气法)制备的那些二异氰酸酯。根据EP-A-0 126 299(US 4 596678)、EP-A-126 300(US 4 596 679)和EP-A-355 443(US 5 087 739),例如,(环)脂族二异氰酸酯,如六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)、在亚烷基基团中含有6个碳原子的异构体脂族二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷或2,4’-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷和1-异氰酸根合-3-异氰酸根合甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或IPDI),例如可通过以下方法制备:使(环)脂族二胺与例如尿素和醇反应,以得到(环)脂族双氨基甲酸酯,并使所述酯经热裂解成相应的二异氰酸酯和醇。合成通常在循环过程中且如果合适在N未经取代的氨基甲酸酯、碳酸二烷基酯和从反应过程中再回收的其他副产物的存在下连续发生。以这种方式获得的二异氰酸酯通常含有非常低、甚至不可测量的氯化物分数,这在例如电子工业的应用中是有利的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所使用的异氰酸酯具有小于200ppm、优选小于120ppm、更优选小于80ppm,非常优选小于50ppm,特别是小于15ppm且尤其小于10ppm的总水解氯含量。这可通过例如ASTM的规定D4663-98测量。尽管如此,当然也可以使用具有较高氯含量的单体异氰酸酯,例如最高达500ppm。
应理解还可使用那些单体异氰酸酯和那些二异氰酸酯的混合物,所述单体异氰酸酯已通过下述方法获得:使所述(环)脂族二胺与例如尿素和醇反应,并使所得的(环)脂族双氨基甲酸酯裂解,所述二异氰酸酯已通过使相应的胺光气化而获得。
可通过使所述单体异氰酸酯进行低聚而形成的多异氰酸酯(a)通常表征如下:
这些化合物的平均NCO官能度通常为至少1.8且可最高达8、优选2至5、更优选2.4至4。
除非另作说明,低聚之后异氰酸酯基团的含量(以NCO=42g/mol计算)通常为5重量%至25重量%。
所述多异氰酸酯(a)优选下列化合物:
1)含有异氰脲酸酯基团且衍生自芳族、脂族和/或环脂族二异氰酸酯的聚异氰酸酯。本文中特别优选相应的脂族和/或环脂族异氰酸根合异氰脲酸酯,特别是基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的那些。存在的异氰脲酸酯特别为三异氰酸根合烷基异氰脲酸酯和/或三异氰酸根合环烷基异氰脲酸酯,其构成所述二异氰酸酯的环状三聚体,或为与其含有超过一个异氰脲酸酯环的高级同系物的混合物。所述异氰酸根合异氰脲酸酯通常含有10重量%至30重量%、特别是15重量%至25重量%的NCO含量和2.6至8的平均NCO官能度。
2)含有脲二酮(uretdione)基团且含有连接有芳族、脂族和/或环脂族基团、优选连接有脂族和/或环脂族基团的异氰酸酯基团的聚异氰酸酯,特别是衍生自六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的那些聚异氰酸酯。脲二酮二异氰酸酯为二异氰酸酯的环状二聚产物。
含有脲二酮基团的聚异氰酸酯在本发明的上下文中作为与其他聚异氰酸酯(更具体而言为1)中详述的那些)的混合物而获得。为此,所述二异氰酸酯可在如下反应条件下反应:在这些条件下,不仅形成脲二酮基团,而且形成其他聚异氰酸酯;或首先形成脲二酮,随后反应得到其他聚异氰酸酯;或二异氰酸酯首先反应得到其他聚异氰酸酯,随后反应得到含有脲二酮基团的产物。
3)含有缩二脲基团且含有连接有芳族、环脂族或脂族基团、优选连接有环脂族或脂族基团的异氰酸酯基团的聚异氰酸酯,尤其是三(6-异氰酸根合己基)缩二脲或与其高级同系物的混合物。这些含有缩二脲基团的聚异氰酸酯通常含有18重量%至22重量%的NCO含量和2.8至6的平均NCO官能度。
4)含有氨基甲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯基团且含有连接有芳族、脂族或环脂族基团、优选连接有脂族或环脂族基团的异氰酸酯基团的聚异氰酸酯,例如可通过使过量的二异氰酸酯(如六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)与一元醇或多元醇(a)反应而获得。这些含有氨基甲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯的聚异氰酸酯通常含有12重量%至24重量%的NCO含量和2.1至4.5的平均NCO官能度。这类含有氨基甲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯基团的聚异氰酸酯可在无催化剂的情况下制备,或优选地,在催化剂的存在下制备,所述催化剂为例如羧酸铵或氢氧化铵或脲基甲酸酯化催化剂(例如Zn(II)化合物),以上每种情况均在一元醇、二元醇或多元醇、优选一元醇的存在下进行。含有氨基甲酸酯基团和/或脲基甲酸酯基团的聚异氰酸酯也可与其他聚异氰酸酯,更具体而言为1)中详述的聚异氰酸酯以混合物的形式制备。
5)优选衍生自六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的包含氧杂二嗪三酮基团的聚异氰酸酯。这类包含氧杂二嗪三酮基团的聚异氰酸酯可由二异氰酸酯和二氧化碳得到。
6)脲酮亚胺改性的聚异氰酸酯。
7)碳二亚胺改性的聚异氰酸酯。
8)已知于例如DE-A1 10013186或DE-A1 10013187的一类超支化聚异氰酸酯。
9)由二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯与醇得到的聚氨酯-聚异氰酸酯预聚物。
10)聚脲-聚异氰酸酯预聚物。
11)在制备聚异氰酸酯1)-10)(优选1)、3)和4))之后,可将其转化成包含缩二脲基团或氨基甲酸酯/脲基甲酸酯基团并含有与芳族、环脂族或脂族基团、优选与(环)脂族基团相连的异氰酸酯基团的聚异氰酸酯。例如,通过加入水、水供体化合物(例如叔丁醇)或通过与胺类反应来实现缩二脲基团的形成。如果合适在合适的催化剂的存在下,通过与一元醇、二元醇或多元醇(优选一元醇)的反应来实现氨基甲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯基团的形成。这些包含缩二脲或氨基甲酸酯/脲基甲酸酯基团的聚异氰酸酯通常具有18重量%至22重量%的NCO含量和2.8至6的平均NCO官能度。
13)用于双重固化应用的改性聚异氰酸酯,即,除1-12描述的基团之外,还包含由含有对NCO呈反应性的基团和可UV交联或可光化辐射交联的基团的分子加成至上述分子的异氰酸酯基团而正式形成的基团的聚异氰酸酯。这些分子为例如羟基烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯和其他羟基-乙烯基化合物。
上述二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯也可以至少部分以封端形式存在。
用于封端的化合物种类记载于D.A.Wicks,Z.W.Wicks,Progress in OrganicCoatings,36,148-172(1999),41,1-83(2001)以及43,131-140(2001)。
用于封端的化合物种类的实例有酚类、咪唑类、三唑类、吡唑类、肟类、N-羟基酰亚胺类、羟基苯甲酸酯类、仲胺类、内酰胺类、CH酸性环状酮类、丙二酸酯类或乙酰乙酸烷基酯类。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,多异氰酸酯(a)选自异氰脲酸酯类、缩二脲类、氨基甲酸酯类和脲基甲酸酯类,优选选自异氰脲酸酯类、氨基甲酸酯类和脲基甲酸酯类,更优选选自异氰脲酸酯类和脲基甲酸酯类;特别优选其为含有异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,多异氰酸酯(a)包含含有异氰脲酸酯基团并由六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯得到的多异氰酸酯。
在另一特别优选的实施方案中,多异氰酸酯(a)包含含有异氰脲酸酯基团且由六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯和由异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和/或五亚甲基1,5-二异氰酸酯得到的多异氰酸酯的混合物。
在本说明书中,除非另作说明,在剪切速率为250s-1的锥/板体系中根据DIN ENISO 3219/A.3在23℃下记录粘度。
合成组分(b)
根据本发明的组合物特别有利地包含基于下式(I)和(II)的化合物的混合物:
R1和R2如上文针对式(I)和(II)所定义。
R1和R2彼此独立地为烷基、环烷基或芳基,各所述基团可被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、杂原子和/或杂环取代。
其中的定义如下:
如果合适被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、杂原子和/或杂环取代的C1-C18烷基为例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、2,4,4-三甲基戊基、癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十八烷基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、苄基、1-苯乙基、2-苯乙基、α,α-二甲基苄基、二苯甲基、对甲苯基甲基、1-(对-丁基苯基)乙基、对氯苄基、2,4-二氯苄基、对甲氧基苄基、间乙氧基苄基、2-氰基乙基、2-氰基丙基、2-甲氧基羰基乙基、2-乙氧基羰基乙基、2-丁氧基羰基丙基、1,2-二(甲氧基羰基)乙基、2-甲氧基乙基、2-乙氧基乙基、2-丁氧基乙基、二乙氧基甲基、二乙氧基乙基、1,3-二氧戊环-2-基、1,3-二噁烷-2-基、2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基、4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基、2-异丙氧基乙基、2-丁氧基丙基、2-辛氧基乙基、氯甲基、2-氯乙基、三氯甲基、三氟甲基、1,1-二甲基-2-氯乙基、2-甲氧基异丙基、2-乙氧基乙基、丁基硫代甲基、2-十二烷基硫代乙基、2-苯硫基乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、2-苯氧基乙基、2-苯氧基丙基、3-苯氧基-丙基、4-苯氧基丁基、6-苯氧基己基、2-甲氧基乙基、2-甲氧基丙基、3-甲氧基丙基、4-甲氧基丁基、6-甲氧基己基、2-乙氧基乙基、2-乙氧基丙基、3-乙氧基丙基、4-乙氧基丁基或6-乙氧基己基,
如果合适被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、杂原子和/或杂环取代的C6-C12芳基为例如苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、α-萘基、β-萘基、4-联苯基、氯苯基、二氯苯基、三氯苯基、二氟苯基、甲基苯基、二甲基苯基、三甲基苯基、乙基苯基、二乙基苯基、异丙基苯基、叔丁基苯基、十二烷基苯基、甲氧基苯基、二甲氧基苯基、乙氧基苯基、己氧基苯基、甲基萘基、异丙基萘基、氯萘基、乙氧基萘基、2,6-二甲基苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、2,6-二甲氧基苯基、2,6-二氯苯基、4-溴苯基、2-硝基苯基或4-硝基苯基、2,4-二硝基-苯基或2,6-二硝基-苯基、4-二甲基氨基苯基、4-乙酰基苯基、甲氧基乙基苯基或乙氧基甲基苯基,并且
如果合适被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、杂原子和/或杂环取代的C5-C12环烷基为例如环戊基、环己基、环辛基、环十二烷基、甲基环戊基、二甲基环戊基、甲基环己基、二甲基环己基、二乙基环己基、丁基环己基、甲氧基环己基、二甲氧基环己基、二乙氧基环己基、丁基硫代环己基、氯环己基、二氯环己基、二氯环戊基和饱和或不饱和的双环体系,例如降冰片基或降冰片烯基。
C10-C30烷基为例如正癸基、2-丙基庚基、正十一烷基、异十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、异十三烷基、乙基十二烷基、甲基十二烷基、3,3,5,5,7-五甲基辛基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基、正十七烷基、异十七烷基、3,3,5,5,7,7,9-七甲基癸基、正十八烷基和正二十烷基。
优选R1和R2彼此独立地可为未取代的烷基或未取代的芳基,更优选甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、己基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十二烷基、苯基或萘基,非常优选苯基、甲基、乙基、正丁基和2-乙基己基,更具体而言为乙基、正丁基和2-乙基己基。
化合物(b)的实例为磷酸单十六烷基酯、磷酸二十六烷基酯、鲸蜡硬脂醇磷酸酯、二鲸蜡硬脂醇磷酸酯。
化合物(b)优选为磷酸单甲酯、磷酸二甲酯、磷酸单乙酯、磷酸二乙酯、磷酸单正丁酯、磷酸二正丁酯、磷酸单2-乙基己酯、磷酸二2-乙基己酯及其混合物。
式(I)和(II)的化合物的混合物的特征在于化合物(II),即单酯型化合物,与化合物(I),即二酯型化合物,之间的摩尔比为5:95至95:5,优选20:80至80:20,特别优选30:70至70:30且尤其优选33:67至67:33。
组分(c)包括单官能聚环氧烷聚醚醇,其是合适的起始分子与聚环氧烷的反应产物。
用于制备一元聚环氧烷聚醚醇的合适起始分子为硫醇化合物、以下通式的单羟基化合物
R4-O-H
或以下通式的仲单胺
R5R6N-H,
其中
R4、R5和R6各自彼此独立地为C1-C20烷基、被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔或未被间隔的C2-C20烷基,或为C6-C12芳基、C5-C12环烷基或含有氧、氮和/或硫原子的5元至6元杂环,或R5和R6一起形成不饱和、饱和的或芳族的环,所述环被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔或未被间隔,所述基团在每种情况下可被官能团,芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代。
优选地,R4、R5和R6彼此独立地为C1-C4烷基,即,甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基;更优选地,R4、R5和R6为甲基。
合适的一元起始分子的实例为饱和的一元醇,如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、异构戊醇、己醇、辛醇和壬醇、正癸醇、正十二烷醇、正十四烷醇、正十六烷醇、正十八烷醇、环己醇、环戊醇、异构甲基环己醇或羟基甲基环己烷、3-乙基-3-羟基甲基氧杂环丁烷或四氢糠醇;不饱和醇,如烯丙醇、1,1-二甲基烯丙醇或油醇;芳族醇,如苯酚、异构甲酚或甲氧基苯酚;芳脂醇,如苯甲醇、茴香醇或肉桂醇;仲单胺,如二甲胺、二乙胺、二丙胺、二异丙胺、二正丁胺、二异丁胺、双(2-乙基己基)胺、N-甲基-环己胺和N-乙基环己胺或二环己胺、杂环仲胺,如吗啉、吡咯烷、哌啶或1H-吡唑;以及氨基醇,如2-二甲基氨基乙醇、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、2-二异丙基氨基-乙醇、2-二丁基氨基乙醇、3-(二甲基氨基)-1-丙醇或1-(二甲基氨基)-2丙醇。
由胺出发制备的聚醚的实例为M系列,其表示具有氨基官能团的甲基封端的聚环氧烷,例如M-600(XTJ-505),其环氧丙烷(PO)/环氧乙烷(EO)比约为9:1且摩尔质量为约600,M-1000(XTJ-506):PO/EO比为3:19,摩尔质量为约1000,M-2005(XTJ-507):PO/EO比为29:6,摩尔质量为约2000,或M-2070:PO/EO比为10:31,摩尔质量为约2000。
适用于烷氧基化反应的环氧烷为环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧异丁烷、乙烯基环氧乙烷和/或氧化苯乙烯,其在环氧化反应中可以任何顺序使用或以混合物的形式使用。
优选的环氧烷烃为环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷及其混合物;特别优选环氧乙烷。
优选的聚醚醇是基于聚环氧烷聚醚醇的那些,在其制备中使用上述种类的饱和脂族或脂环族醇作为起始分子。非常特别优选基于使用烷基具有1至4个碳原子的饱和脂肪族醇制备的聚环氧烷聚醚醇的那些。特别优选由甲醇制备的聚环氧烷聚醚醇。
一元聚环氧烷聚醚醇通常每个分子平均具有至少两个环氧烷单元,优选至少5个环氧烷单元,更优选至少7个,非常优选至少10个环氧烷单元,更具体而言为环氧乙烷单元。
一元聚环氧烷聚醚醇通常每个分子平均具有最高达50个环氧烷单元,优选最高达45个,更优选最高达40个,非常优选最高达30个环氧烷单元,更具体而言为环氧乙烷单元。
一元聚环氧烷聚醚醇的摩尔重量优选最高达4000,更优选不高于2000g/mol,非常优选不低于250,更具体而言为500±100g/mol。
因此,优选的聚醚醇为下式的化合物
R4-O-[-Xi-]k-H
其中
R4如上文所定义,
k为5至40,优选7至20,更优选10至15的整数,并且
对于i=1至k,各Xi可独立地选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-、-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-、-CH2-C(CH3)2-O-、-C(CH3)2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHVin-O-、-CHVin-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHPh-O-和-CHPh-CH2-O-,优选-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-和-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-,更优选-CH2-CH2-O-,其中Ph为苯基且Vin为乙烯基。
聚环氧烷聚醚醇通常通过在催化剂例如碱金属或碱土金属氢氧化物、氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐的存在下将起始化合物烷氧基化来制备。
聚环氧烷聚醚醇也可以在多金属氰化物的辅助下制备,所述多金属氰化物通常也称为DMC催化剂,其早已为人所知并在文献中广泛描述,例如在US 3,278,457和US 5,783,513中。
DMC催化剂通常通过金属盐与氰基金属酸盐化合物反应制备。为了提高DMC催化剂的性能,通常在反应期间和/或之后添加有机配体。例如,在US-A 3,278,457中找到了对DMC催化剂制备的描述。
通常,DMC催化剂具有以下通式:
M1 a[M2(CN)b]d·fM1 jXk·h(H2O)eL·zP
其中
M1为选自以下的金属离子:Zn2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Co3+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Sn2+、Sn4+、Pb2+、Al3 +、Sr2+、Cr3+、Cd2+、Cu2+、La3+、Ce3+、Ce4+、Eu3+、Mg2+、Ti4+、Ag+、Rh2+、Ru2+、Ru3+、Pd2+,
M2为选自以下的金属离子:Fe2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Co3+、Mn2+、Mn3+、Ni2+、Cr2+、Cr3+、Rh3+、Ru2 +、Ir3+,
M1和M2为相同或不同的,
X为选自以下的阴离子:卤离子、氢氧根、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、碳酸根、碳酸氢根、氰化物离子、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根、硝酸根或亚硝酸根(NO2 -)或两种或多种上述阴离子的混合物,或一种或多种上述阴离子与一种选自CO、H2O和NO的不带电物质的混合物,
Y为与X不同的阴离子且选自卤离子、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、焦硫酸根、亚硫酸根、磺酸根(=RSO3 -,其中R=C1-C20烷基、芳基、C1-C20烷基芳基)、碳酸根、碳酸氢根、氰化物离子、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、异硫氰酸根、氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根、硝酸根、亚硝酸根、磷酸根、磷酸氢根、磷酸二氢根、焦磷酸根、硼酸根、四硼酸根、高氯酸根、四氟硼酸根、六氟磷酸根和四苯基硼酸根,
L为水溶混性配体,其选自醇、醛、酮、醚、聚醚、酯、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、脲、酰胺、腈和硫化物或其混合物,
P为有机添加剂,其选自聚醚、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚亚烷基二醇脱水山梨糖醇酯、聚亚烷基二醇缩水甘油醚、聚丙烯酰胺、聚(丙烯酰胺-共-丙烯酸)、聚丙烯酸、聚(丙烯酰胺-共-马来酸)、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸烷基酯、聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、聚乙烯基甲基醚、聚乙烯基乙基醚、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚-N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮-共-丙烯酸)、聚乙烯基甲基酮、聚(4-乙烯基苯酚)、聚(丙烯酸-共-苯乙烯)、噁唑啉聚合物、聚亚烷基亚胺、马来酸和马来酸酐共聚物、羟乙基纤维素、聚乙酸酯、离子表面和界面活性化合物、胆汁酸或其盐、酯或酰胺、多元醇的羧酸酯和糖苷,
并且
a、b、d、g、n、r、s、j、k和t为大于零的整数或分数,
e、f、h和z为大于或等于零的整数或分数,
其中
选择a、b、d、g、n、j、k和r以及s和t以确保电中性,
M3为氢或碱金属或碱土金属,并且
M4为碱金属离子或铵离子(NH4 +)或烷基铵离子(R4N+、R3NH+、R2NH2 +、RNH3 +,其中R=C1-C20烷基)。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中,M1为Zn2+且M2为Co3+或Co2+。
特别是当金属M1和M2为钴、锰或铁时,它们为相同的。
催化剂的残余物可以保留在所得产物中或可以使用酸,优选盐酸、硫酸或乙酸中和,随后优选通过例如洗涤或离子交换剂除去盐。如果合适,可以进行部分中和,并且产物可以在不进一步除去盐的情况下进一步使用。
任选地合成组分(d)包括高分子量二醇或多元醇,这意味着数均分子量至少为400,优选400至6000。
所讨论的化合物更具体而言为二元或多元聚酯多元醇和聚醚多元醇,优选二元多元醇。
合适的聚酯多元醇尤其包括多元醇与多元羧酸的常规反应产物,其中醇组分过量使用。多元羧酸在性质上可以是脂族的、脂环族的、芳族的、杂环的或烯属不饱和的,并且如果合适的话,还可以带有卤原子取代基。代替多元羧酸,也可以将它们的酸酐酯化。合适的多元起始羧酸的实例包括以下:琥珀酸、己二酸、癸二酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、四氯邻苯二甲酸酐、内亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、戊二酸酐、马来酸、马来酸酐或富马酸。
过量使用的多元醇包括以下:乙烷-1,2-二醇、丙烷-1,2-二醇、丙烷-1,3-二醇、丁烷-1,2-二醇、丁烷-1,3-二醇、丁烷-1,4-二醇、丁烯-1,4-二醇、丁炔-1,4-二醇、戊烷-1,5-二醇及其位置异构体、己烷-1,6-二醇、辛烷-1,8-二醇、1,4-双羟基甲基环己烷、2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、己烷-1,2,6-三醇、丁烷-1,2,4-三醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇,摩尔质量为378至900,优选378至678的聚乙二醇,摩尔质量为134至1178,优选134至888的聚-1,2-丙二醇或聚-1,3-丙二醇,摩尔质量为162至2000,优选378至1458,特别优选378至678的聚THF。
优选由二醇和二羧酸形成的聚酯多元醇。
其他合适的聚酯多元醇为内酯或内酯混合物与用作起始分子的二元醇的加合物。优选的内酯的实例为ε-己内酯、β-丙内酯、γ-丁内酯或甲基-ε-己内酯。
合适的起始分子更具体而言为已经指定为聚酯多元醇的合成组分的低分子量二元醇。
当然,由作为合成组分的羟基羧酸形成的聚酯也是合适的。此外,适合作为聚酯的合成组分(d)还有聚碳酸酯,例如可从光气或碳酸二苯酯与过量的被指定为聚酯多元醇的合成组分的低分子量二元醇获得的那种。
适合聚醚多元醇的合适合成组分(d)包括,优选聚醚二醇,例如可通过三氟化硼催化连接环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、四氢呋喃、氧化苯乙烯或环氧氯丙烷自身或彼此获得,或通过这些化合物单独或以混合物与含有反应性氢原子的起始组分(例如水、多官能醇或胺,例如乙烷-1,2-二醇、丙烷-1,3-二醇、1,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷或2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷或苯胺)的加成反应获得。此外,优选使用的合成组分(d)为聚醚-1,3-二醇,例如三羟甲基丙烷,其一个OH基被烷氧基化并且其环氧烷链被包含1至18个C原子的烷基基团封端。
任选地合成组分(e)可以是低分子量的二元醇或多元醇,其中优选二元醇。此处的低分子量表示数均分子量为62至399。
合适的合成组分(e)包括乙烷-1,2-二醇、丙烷-1,2-二醇、丙烷-1,3-二醇、丁烷-1,2-二醇、丁烷-1,3-二醇、丁烷-1,4-二醇、丁烯-1,4-二醇、丁炔-1,4-二醇、戊烷-1,5-二醇及其位置异构体、己烷-1,6-二醇、辛烷-1,8-二醇、1,4-双羟甲基环己烷、2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、己烷-1,2,6-三醇、丁烷-1,2,4-三醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、低分子量聚乙二醇、聚-1,2-丙二醇、聚-1,3-丙二醇或聚四氢呋喃、新戊二醇、新戊二醇羟基新戊酸酯、2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-乙基-1,3-己二醇、对苯二酚、双酚A、双酚F、双酚B、双酚S、2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷、1,1-环己烷二甲醇、1,2-环己烷二甲醇、1,3-环己烷二甲醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇、1,2-环己二醇、1,3-环己二醇或1,4-环己二醇以及多元醇,例如三羟甲基丁烷、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、三羟甲基乙烷、甘油、双三羟甲基丙烷、二季戊四醇或糖醇,例如山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、二甘油、苏糖醇、赤藓糖醇、阿东糖醇(核糖醇)、阿糖醇(阿拉伯糖醇)、木糖醇、卫矛醇(半乳糖醇)、麦芽糖醇或异麦芽糖醇。优选使用直链1,ω-二羟基烷烃,更优选丁烷-1,4-二醇和己烷1,6-二醇。
基于合成组分(a)中的异氰酸酯基团(以分子量为42g/mol的NCO计算)计,聚异氰酸酯(A)通常具有以下成分:
(b)0.5至30重量%,0.8至25重量%且更优选1.0至20重量%的式(I)和/或(II)的化合物,
(c)至少0.3重量%,优选至少0.5重量%,更优选至少1.0重量%,非常优选至少1.2重量%,最高达25重量%,优选最高达20重量%,更优选最高达15重量%,非常优选最高达10重量%,基于(c)中的异氰酸酯反应性基团计,
(d)0至15重量%,优选0至10重量%,更优选0至5重量%,且非常优选0重量%,基于(d)中的异氰酸酯反应性基团计,和
(e)0至15重量%,优选0至10重量%,更优选0至5重量%,且非常优选0重量%,基于(e)中的异氰酸酯反应性基团计。
本发明的聚异氰酸酯(A)的NCO含量通常为13重量%以上、优选14重量%以上、更优选15重量%以上、非常优选16重量%以上,并具有非常好的水分散性。通常不超过22重量%。
化合物(b)是否被引入聚异氰酸酯对于本发明是无关紧要的。不囿于任何理论,认为至少式(II)的化合物(b)的一部分通过至少一个游离的阴离子氧基或羟基的反应引入到聚异氰酸酯(A)中。还认为式(II)的化合物保留在水相中。为了简单起见,化合物(b)在整个说明书中被称为“引入”到聚异氰酸酯(A)中,而不管它们的实际结合状态如何。
相对于组分a)+b)+c)+d)+e)的总和计,优选的聚异氰酸酯(A)的结构单元–[–CH2–CH2–O–]–(以44g/mol计)的比例为至少5重量%,优选至少10重量%,更优选至少12重量%。通常,比例不大于25重量%,优选不大于22重量%,更优选不大于20重量%。
本发明的聚异氰酸酯的数均摩尔质量Mn(通过使用THF作为溶剂并且苯乙烯作为标准品的凝胶渗透色谱测定)通常为至少400,优选至少500,更优选至少700,非常优选至少1000,最高达5000,优选最高达3000,更优选最高达2000且非常优选最高达1500。
通常,本发明的水可乳化的聚异氰酸酯的粘度小于10 000mPa*s,优选小于9000mPa*s,更优选小于8000mPa*s,非常优选小于7000mPa*s且更具体而言为800至6000mPa*s。
本发明的聚异氰酸酯(A)通常至少部分地用至少一种碱(A1)中和。优选化合物(b)在其引入聚异氰酸酯之前被至少部分地中和。
所讨论的碱可以是碱性的碱金属、碱土金属或铵盐,更具体而言为钠盐、钾盐、铯盐、镁盐、钙盐和钡盐,尤其是钠盐、钾盐和钙盐,其形式为氢氧化物、氧化物、碳酸氢盐或碳酸盐,优选为氢氧化物的形式。
然而,优选的化合物(A1)为氨或胺,优选叔胺。所讨论的叔胺优选为仅烷基取代的和/或环烷基取代的那些。
这类胺的实例为三甲胺、三乙胺、三正丁胺、乙基二异丙胺、二甲基苄胺、二甲基苯胺、三乙醇胺、环戊基二甲胺、环戊基二乙胺、环己基二甲胺和环己基二乙胺。
然而,尽管不太优选,但也可以考虑杂环胺,例如吡啶、咪唑、N-烷基化吗啉、哌啶、哌嗪或吡咯烷酮。
一般而言,使用碱(A1)来中和10至100mol%,优选20至100mol%,更优选40至100mol%,非常优选50至100mol%且更具体而言为70至100mol%的(A)中存在的酸基。
聚异氰酸酯(A)中组分(b)的至少部分中和可以在制备聚异氰酸酯(A)之前、期间或之后,优选在制备之后进行。
根据本发明的有利地的组合物包含下式(III)的胺作为组分(A1):
其中R7、R8和R9表示烃链,有利地选自环烷基或芳基,各所述基团可被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、杂原子和/或杂环取代,
R7、R8和R9基团也可形成环状结构。R7和R8或R8和R9或R7和R9可由此形成环状结构,所述环状结构优选由三至六个碳原子形成且任选地包含至少一个杂原子,所述杂原子优选选自氧或硫。这类环状结构的实例为N-乙基吗啉、N-甲基吗啉和1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶。
有利地,在上述式(III)中,R7、R8和R9独立地表示C1-C18烷基,如果合适,其被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、杂原子和/或杂环取代,或C6-C12芳基,如果合适,其被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、杂原子和/或杂环取代。
适用于本发明范围内的胺的实例为N,N-二甲基环己胺、乙基二异丙胺、二甲基丁胺、二甲基苄基胺、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丁胺、三异丙基胺、甲基二辛基胺、甲基双十二烷基胺等。
聚异氰酸酯(A)通常通过将合成组分以任意顺序混合并反应来制备。优选首先引入二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯(a),将合成组分(b)和/或(c)一起或依次加入,并使反应发生直到(b)和(c)中的反应性基团已转化完。随后,如果需要,可以添加化合物(d)和/或(e)。
还可以想到一种反应方案,其中单体二异氰酸酯作为组分(a)在化合物(b)和/或(c)的存在下彼此反应。这类反应方案记载于WO 2008/116764,在此作为本公开内容的一部分通过引证的方式完全纳入本发明。
反应通常在40℃至170℃,优选45℃至160℃,更优选50℃至150℃,非常优选60℃至140℃的温度下进行。
位阻酚(B)在本发明的意义上具有主抗氧化剂的功能。这是本领域技术人员常用来指代清除自由基的化合物的术语。
这类位阻酚(B)记载于例如WO 2008/116894,优选其中在第14页第10行至第16页第10行记载的化合物,在此通过引证的方式将其作为本公开内容的一部分。
所讨论的苯酚优选为在芳族环上具有仅一个酚羟基的那些,更优选在酚羟基的邻位,非常优选邻位和间位具有取代基(优选烷基)的那些,优选包含烷基的那些,且更具体而言为3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸烷基酯,或这类化合物的取代的烷基衍生物。
这种酚类也可以是具有多个酚基团的多酚体系的成分:季戊四醇四(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯(例如,1010);亚乙基双(氧基亚乙基)双(3-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-间甲苯基)丙酸酯)(例如,Irganox245);3,3',3”,5,5',5”-六-叔丁基-a,a',a”-(均三甲苯-2,4,6-三基)三-对甲酚(例如,1330);1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮(例如,3114),在每种情况下为Ciba(现为BASF SE)的产品。
优选2,6-二叔丁基-4–甲基苯酚(BHT);3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸异辛酯(1135,CAS编号146598-26-7)、3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯(1076,CAS编号2082-79-3)和季戊四醇四(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯(CAS编号6683-19-8;例如,1010)。
所述聚异氰酸酯组合物还可包含路易斯酸有机金属化合物(C),其为锡化合物,例如有机羧酸的锡(II)盐,例如,二乙酸锡(II)、二辛酸锡(II)、双(乙基己酸)锡(II)和二月桂酸锡(II),以及有机羧酸的二烷基锡(IV)盐,例如,二乙酸二甲基锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二丁酸二丁基锡、双(2-乙基己酸)二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二辛基锡和二乙酸二辛基锡。
其他优选的路易斯酸有机金属化合物为锌盐,实例为二乙酸锌(II)和二辛酸锌(II)。
所使用的不含锡和不含锌的替代品包括铋、锆、钛、铝、铁、锰、镍和钴的有机金属盐。
这些有机金属盐例如为四乙酰丙酮锆(例如,来自King Industries的4205);二酮锆(zirconium dionate)(例如,来自King Industries的XC-9213;XC-A 209和XC-6212);铋化合物,特别是三羧酸盐(例如,来自King Industries的348,XC-B221;XC-C227,XC 8203);二酮铝(例如,来自King Industries的5218)。原本也提供了不含锡和不含锌的催化剂,例如,来自Borchers的商品名为Kat的催化剂,来自Goldschmidt的TK或来自Shepherd,Lausanne的
还可使用铋催化剂和钴催化剂、铈盐(如辛酸铈)和铯盐作为催化剂。
更具体而言,铋催化剂为羧酸铋,尤其是辛酸铋、乙基己酸铋、新癸酸铋或三甲基乙酸铋;实例为来自King Industries的K-KAT 348和XK-601,来自TIB Chemicals的TIBKAT 716、716LA、716XLA、718、720、789,和来自Shepherd Lausanne的那些,以及例如铋有机化合物和锌有机化合物的催化剂混合物。
其他金属催化剂由Blank等人记载于Progress in Organic Coatings,1999,卷35,第19-29页。
这些催化剂适用于基于溶剂的、基于水的和/或封闭的体系。
在WO 2004/076519和WO 2004/076520中更具体地描述了钼、钨和钒催化剂用于被封闭的聚异氰酸酯的反应。
还可使用铯盐作为催化剂。合适的铯盐为使用下列阴离子的那些化合物:F–、Cl–、ClO–、ClO3 –、ClO4 –、Br–、I–、IO3 –、CN–、OCN–、NO2 –、NO3 –、HCO3 –、CO3 2–、S2–、SH–、HSO3 –、SO3 2–、HSO4 –、SO4 2–、S2O2 2–、S2O4 2–、S2O5 2–、S2O6 2–、S2O7 2–、S2O8 2–、H2PO2 –、H2PO4 –、HPO4 2–、PO4 3–、P2O7 4–、(OCnH2n+1)–、(CnH2n–1O2)–、(CnH2n–3O2)–和(Cn+1H2n–2O4)2–,其中n代表数字1至20。此处优选羧酸铯,其中阴离子符合式(CnH2n–1O2)–以及(Cn+1H2n–2O4)2–,其中n为1至20。特别优选的铯盐含有通式(CnH2n–1O2)–的一元羧酸阴离子,其中n代表数字1至20。在本文中应特别提及甲酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、己酸盐和2-乙基己酸盐。
优选的路易斯酸有机金属化合物为二乙酸二甲基锡、二丁酸二丁基锡、双(2-乙基己酸)二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二辛基锡、二乙酸锌(II)、二辛酸锌(II)、乙酰丙酮锆和2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚烷二酮锆和铋化合物。
特别优选二月桂酸二丁基锡。
所述聚异氰酸酯组分还可包含波尔斯特酸(D)。波尔斯特酸为H-酸性化合物。它们优选为D1)磷酸二烷基酯、D2)芳基磺酸和/或D3)膦酸酯。
磷酸二烷基酯D1为磷酸单C1至C12烷基酯和磷酸二C1至C12烷基酯及其混合物,优选磷酸二烷基酯,更优选含有C1至C8烷基、非常优选含有C2至C8烷基的那些,且更具体而言为含有C4至C8烷基的那些。
此处,在磷酸二烷基酯中的烷基可以是相同的或不同的,且优选相同的。
C1至C12烷基的实例为甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正癸基、正十二烷基、2-乙基己基和2-丙基庚基。
这些磷酸酯更具体而言地为磷酸单烷基酯和磷酸二烷基酯及其混合物,如
—磷酸二(乙基己基)酯
—磷酸二丁基酯
—磷酸二乙基酯
优选用于聚异氰酸酯中的是以100%产物形式或在不与异氰酸酯基团反应的溶剂中使用。
化合物D1通常加入量为按重量计5至1000ppm、优选10至600ppm、更优选20至200ppm、非常优选20至80ppm,基于聚异氰酸酯计。
芳基磺酸D2为例如苯衍生物或萘衍生物,更具体而言为烷基化的苯或萘衍生物。
优选的磺酸的实例包括含有6至12个碳原子的烷基的4-烷基苯磺酸,例如4-己基苯磺酸、4-辛基苯磺酸、4-癸基苯磺酸或4-十二烷基苯磺酸。在原则上为已知的方法中,所讨论的化合物还可以是技术产品,其特征在于不同长度的不同烷基基团的分布。
特别优选的酸包括下列酸:
—苯磺酸
—对甲苯磺酸
—对乙基苯磺酸
—十二烷基磺酸
—双壬基萘磺酸
—双壬基萘双磺酸
—双十二烷基萘磺酸
化合物D1通常加入量为按重量计1至600ppm、优选2至100ppm、更优选5至50ppm,以上基于聚异氰酸酯计。
膦酸酯D3为具有低官能度和酸性特征的含磷化合物,更具体而言为膦酸二烷基酯D3a)和二膦酸二烷基酯D3b)。
其实例为膦酸单C1-C12烷基酯和膦酸二C1-C12烷基酯及其混合物,优选膦酸二烷基酯,更优选含有C1-C8烷基、非常优选含有C1-C8烷基的那些,且更具体而言为含有C1、C2、C4或C8烷基的那些。
膦酸二烷基酯中的烷基可以是相同的或不同的,且优选是相同的。
C1至C12烷基的实例为甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正癸基、正十二烷基、2-乙基己基和2-丙基庚基。
WO 2008/116895中记载的实例在此为本公开内容的一部分。可明确给出的具体实例包括以下化合物:
—膦酸二(2-乙基己基)酯
—膦酸二乙基酯
化合物D3通常用量为按重量计10至1000ppm、优选20至600ppm、更优选50至300ppm,基于聚异氰酸酯计。
此外,还可存在溶剂或溶剂混合物(E)。
可用于聚异氰酸酯组分以及用于粘合剂和任何其他组分的溶剂为不含对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性或被封闭的异氰酸酯基团的基团的那些,其中聚异氰酸酯的可溶程度为至少10重量%、优选至少25重量%、更优选至少50重量%、非常优选至少75重量%、更具体而言为至少90重量%、尤其是至少95重量%。
这类溶剂的实例有芳族烃(包括烷基化的苯和萘)和/或(环)脂族烃及其混合物、氯代烃、酮、酯、烷氧基化的烷基链烷酸酯、醚和这些溶剂的混合物。
优选的芳族烃混合物为主要包含芳族C7至C14烃且可具有沸程为110℃至300℃的那些;特别优选甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯或对二甲苯、三甲基苯异构体、四甲基苯异构体、乙苯、异丙苯、四氢化萘以及包含它们的混合物。
其实例有来自ExxonMobil Chemical的产品,尤其是100(CAS编号64742-95-6,主要为C9和C10芳族化合物,沸程约154–178℃)、150(沸程约182-207℃)和200(CAS编号64742-94-5),以及来自Shell的产品、来自Petrochem Carless的(例如,18)和来自DHC的Hydrosol(例如,A 170)。包含链烷烃、环烷烃和芳族化合物的烃混合物也是商业可得的,其名称为Kristalloel(例如,Kristalloel30,沸程约158-198℃或Kristalloel 60:CAS编号64742-82-1)、石油溶剂油(同样例如CAS编号64742-82-1)或溶剂油(轻:沸程约155-180℃,重:沸程约225-300℃)。这些烃混合物的芳族化合物含量通常超过90重量%、优选超过95重量%、更优选超过98重量%、非常优选超过99重量%。建议使用含有特别低萘含量的烃混合物。
(环)脂族烃的实例包括十氢化萘、烷基化的十氢化萘和直链或支链烷烃和/或环烷烃的异构体混合物。
脂族烃的量通常小于5重量%、优选小于2.5重量%、更优选小于1重量%。
酯为例如丙二醇二乙酸酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸1-甲氧基丙-2-基酯和乙酸2-甲氧基乙酯。
醚为例如THF、二氧六环以及乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇或三丙二醇的二甲醚、二乙醚或二正丁基醚。
酮为例如丙酮、二乙基酮、乙基甲基酮、异丁基甲基酮、甲基戊基酮和叔丁基甲基酮。
这类混合物可以以5:1至1:5的体积比、优选以4:1至1:4的体积比、更优选以3:1至1:3的体积比、非常优选以2:1至1:2的体积比制备。
出乎预料地,已发现所述溶剂就所述目的而言具有不同的问题。在储存过程中色值的变化方面,本专利的包含酮或芳族化合物的混合物(例如溶剂油混合物)的聚异氰酸酯组合物是特别重要的。相比之下,酯、醚和某些芳族化合物片段(如二甲苯及其异构体混合物)问题较少。二甲苯的情况也是出乎预料的,其同样以与芳族化合物的混合物相同的方式携带苄基氢原子,所述苄基氢原子可在颜色变化上起作用。另一因素是:若在聚异氰酸酯组合物中使用溶剂油混合物,则根据来源和储存时间,其可对色值漂移产生显著不同的影响。
此外,所使用的典型涂料添加剂(F)可以是以下这些,例如:其他抗氧化剂、UV稳定剂(如UV吸收剂)和合适的自由基清除剂(尤其是HALS化合物、位阻胺光稳定剂)、活化剂(促进剂)、干燥剂、填料、颜料、染料、抗静电剂、阻燃剂、增稠剂、触变剂、表面活性剂、粘度改性剂、增塑剂或螯合剂。优选UV稳定剂。
其他初级抗氧化剂为例如仲芳基胺。
所述次级抗氧化剂优选选自亚磷酸酯、亚膦酸酯、膦酸酯和硫醚。
亚磷酸酯为P(ORa)(ORb)(ORc)型化合物,其中Ra、Rb和Rc为相同的或不同的、脂族或芳族基团(其也可形成环状结构或螺环结构)。
优选的亚膦酸酯记载于WO 2008/116894中,特别在其中第11页第8行至第14页第8行,此处以引用的方式作为本公开内容的一部分。
优选的膦酸酯记载于WO 2008/116895中,特别是其中第10页第38行至第12页第41行,在此以引用的方式作为本公开内容的一部分。
更具体而言,这些磷酸酯为膦酸二烷基酯和二膦酸二烷基酯。
其实例有膦酸单C1至C12烷基酯和膦酸二C1至C12烷基酯及其混合物,优选膦酸二烷基酯,更优选具有C1至C8烷基、非常优选具有C1至C8烷基的那些,且更特别地为具有C1、C2、C4或C8烷基的那些。
膦酸二烷基酯中的烷基可以是相同的或不同的,且优选是相同的。
C1至C12烷基的实例为甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正癸基、正十二烷基、2-乙基己基和2-丙基庚基,更具体而言为膦酸二正辛基酯OPH(见上图)和膦酸二(2-乙基己基)酯。
优选的硫醚记载于WO 2008/116893中,特别是其中第11页第1行至第15页第37行,此处以引用的方式作为本公开内容的一部分。
合适的UV吸收剂包括草酰替苯胺、三嗪和苯并三唑(可得的后者例如来自BASF SE的产品)和苯甲酮类(例如来自BASF SE的81)。优选例如95%的苯丙酸、3-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-5-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基-、C7-9支链和直链烷基酯;5%的乙酸1-甲氧基-2-丙基酯(例如384)和α-[3-[3-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-5-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基苯基]-1-氧丙基]-ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙烷二基)(例如1130),以上每种均为例如BASF SE的产品。DL-α-生育酚、生育酚、肉桂酸衍生物和氰基丙烯酸酯同样可用于此目的。
这些可单独使用或与合适的自由基清除剂一起使用,自由基清除剂的实例为位阻胺(通常又称为HALS或HAS化合物;位阻胺(光)稳定剂),如2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、2,6-二叔丁基哌啶或其衍生物(例如癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯)。其可作为例如来自BASF SE的产品和产品而获得。然而,优选与路易斯酸联合使用的有那些N烷基化的位阻胺,实例为双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)[[3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基苯基]甲基]丁基丙二酸酯(例如来自BASF SE的144);癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯和癸二酸甲基(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯的混合物(例如来自BASF SE的292);或N-(O-烷基化)的位阻胺,例如,癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-(辛基氧基)-4-哌啶基)酯,与1,1-二甲基乙基过氧化氢和辛烷的反应产物(例如来自BASF SE的123),尤其是HALS三嗪“2-氨基乙醇,与环己烷和过氧化N-丁基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶胺-2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三吖嗪反应产物的反应产物”(例如来自BASF SE的152)。
UV稳定剂通常用量为0.1重量%至5.0重量%,以上基于制备过程中存在的固体组分计。
除了自由基(共)聚合的(共)聚合物之外,合适的增稠剂还包括通常的有机和无机增稠剂,如羟甲基纤维素或膨润土。
可使用的螯合剂包括例如亚乙基二胺乙酸及其盐以及β-二酮类。
作为组分(G),还可存在填料、染料和/或颜料。
根据CDChemie Lexikon–版本1.0,Stuttgart/New York:Georg ThiemeVerlag 1995,参考DIN 55943,颜料在实际意义上为“有机或无机的、彩色或非彩色的且在应用介质中几乎不溶的着色剂”颗粒。
此处“几乎不溶”意指在25℃下溶解度低于1g/1000g施用介质、优选低于0.5g/1000g施用介质、更优选低于0.25g/1000g施用介质、非常特别优选低于0.1g/1000g施用介质、尤其低于0.05g/1000g施用介质。
颜料的实例在实际意义上包含任意所需的吸收颜料和/或效果颜料体系,优选吸收颜料。对颜料组分的数目和选择没有任何限制。如有需要,可根据特殊需求对其进行改性,例如在步骤a)中描述的所需的感觉色。主要成分可以为例如标准混合系统的全部颜料组分。
有效的颜料为呈片状构造并使表面涂层具有特定装饰色效果的所有颜料。效果颜料为例如赋予效果并通常能在汽车涂饰和工业涂料中使用的所有颜料。这些效果颜料的实例有纯金属颜料,如铝、铁或铜颜料;干涉颜料,例如二氧化钛涂覆的云母、氧化铁涂覆的云母、混合氧化物涂覆的云母(例如用二氧化钛和Fe2O3或二氧化钛和Cr2O3)、金属氧化物涂覆的铝;或液晶颜料。
着色吸收颜料为例如通常能在涂料工业中使用的有机或无机吸收颜料。有机吸收颜料的实例有偶氮颜料、酞菁颜料、喹吖酮颜料和吡咯并吡咯颜料。无机吸收颜料的实例有氧化铁颜料、二氧化钛和炭黑。
染料同样是着色剂,但其在应用介质中的溶解度与颜料不同;即,其在应用介质中在25℃下的溶解度超过1g/1000g。
染料的实例有偶氮、吖嗪、蒽醌、吖啶、花菁、噁嗪、聚甲炔、噻嗪和三芳基甲烷染料。这些染料可用作碱性或阳离子染料、媒染染料、直接染料(direct dye)、分散性染料、显影染料、还原染料、金属络合染料、反应染料、酸性染料、硫化染料、偶合染料或直接染料(substantive dye)。
色彩惰性填料为以下全部物质/化合物:一方面,其无色彩活性,即,呈现低固有吸收并且具有与涂料介质类似的折射率,另一方面,其能影响效果颜料在表面涂层(即,在施用的涂膜中)的取向(平行排列)以及涂层的性能或涂层成分(例如硬度或流变)的性能。可使用的惰性物质/化合物列出如下,但这些实例未限制色彩惰性、受布局结构影响的填料的概念。满足定义的合适惰性填料可以是,例如,透明或半透明填料或颜料,如硅胶、硫酸钡粉、硅藻土、滑石、碳酸钙、高岭土、硫酸钡、硅酸镁、硅酸铝、晶体二氧化硅、无定形二氧化硅、氧化铝、由例如玻璃、陶瓷或聚合物制成的尺寸为例如0.1-50μm的微球或空心微球。此外,作为惰性填料还可使用任意固体惰性有机颗粒,例如尿素-甲醛缩合物、微粉化的聚烯烃蜡和微粉化的酰胺蜡。每种情况下的惰性填料还可以以混合物的形式使用。然而,优选每种情况下只使用一种填料。
本发明的聚异氰酸酯组合物的组成例如如下:
(A)20重量%至99.998重量%,优选30重量%至90重量%,更优选40重量%至80重量%,
(B)按重量计10至2500ppm,优选250至1000ppm,更优选50至500ppm,
(C)按重量计0至10 000ppm,优选20至2000ppm,更优选50至1000ppm,
(D)按重量计0至1000ppm,优选5至300ppm,更优选10至50ppm,
和
(E)0重量%至80重量%,优选10重量%至70重量%,更优选20重量%至60重量%,
(F)0-5%添加剂,
条件是,总和总为100重量%。
(G)任选地除了上述组分(A)至(F)之外的颜料。
其中存在组分(G)时,它们不包括在组分(A)至(F)的组成中。
本发明的聚异氰酸酯组合物可以有利地用作聚氨酯涂料中除至少一种粘合剂之外的固化剂组分。
与粘合剂的反应可能在适当的情况下在长时间后发生,因此需要储存聚异氰酸酯组合物。尽管聚异氰酸酯组合物优选在室温下储存,但也可以在更高的温度下储存。在工业中,将这种聚异氰酸酯组合物加热到40℃、60℃和甚至最高达80℃完全可能的。
粘结剂可为例如多元醇的水性溶液、乳液或分散体:聚丙烯酸酯醇、聚酯醇、聚氨酯醇、聚醚醇和聚碳酸脂醇分散体,以及他们的杂化物和/或所述多元醇的混合物。杂化物意指接枝共聚物和其他化学反应产物,其包括化学连接的分子部分,所述分子部分具有与所述的那些不同(或类似的)的基团。优选聚丙烯酸酯-多元醇分散体、聚酯-多元醇分散体、聚醚-多元醇分散体、聚氨酯-多元醇分散体、聚碳酸酯-多元醇分散体及其混合物。
聚丙烯酸酯醇可以制备成初级或次级分散体、乳液和溶液。它们由烯属不饱和单体制备。首先,它们是共聚单体,其含有酸基团,具有例如羧酸基团、磺酸基团和/或膦酸基团或其盐,例如(甲基)丙烯酸、乙烯基磺酸或乙烯基膦酸。其次,它们是含有羟基的共聚单体,例如(甲基)丙烯酸的羟烷基酯或酰胺,例如(甲基)丙烯酸的2-羟乙基酯和2或3-羟丙基酯。第三,它们是既不含酸性基团又不含羟基的不饱和共聚单体,如(甲基)丙烯酸的烷基酯、苯乙烯及其衍生物、(甲基)丙烯腈、乙烯基酯、乙烯基卤化物、乙烯基咪唑等。可以通过例如聚合物的组成和/或例如通过共聚单体(具有不同硬度)的玻璃化转变温度来影响性质。
用于水性应用的聚丙烯酸酯醇记载于例如EP 358979(US 5075370)、EP 557844(US 6376602)、EP 1141066(US 6528573)或496210(US 5304400)。市售的次级聚丙烯酸酯乳液的一个实例为A145(Bayer MaterialScience的产品)。初级聚丙烯酸酯乳液的实例为VP LS 2318(Bayer MaterialScience的产品)和来自BASFAG的产品。
其他实例为来自Cytec的VSM 6299w/42WA,来自的Nuplex Resins的AQ产品,例如6510AQ-42、6511AQ-47、6520AQ-45、6801AQ-24、6802AQ-24,以及来自BASF Resins的
聚丙烯酸酯醇也可以具有非均质结构,如核-壳结构的情况。
用于水性应用的聚酯醇记载于例如EP 537568(US 5344873)、EP 610450(US6319981,缩聚树脂)和EP 751197(US 5741849,聚酯-聚氨酯混合物)。用于水性应用的聚酯醇为例如来自的Worlée-Chemie GmbH的WorléePol产品、来自Ashland-Südchemie-Kernfest GmbH的产品和来自Nuplex Resins的6306SS-60。
用于水性应用的聚醚醇记载于例如EP 758007。
各种多元醇的杂化物和混合物记载于例如EP 424705(US 417998)、EP 496205(US5387642)、EP 542085(5308912,聚丙烯酸酯/聚醚混合物)、EP 542105(US 5331039)、EP543228(US 5336711,聚酯/聚丙烯酸酯杂化物)、EP 578940(US 5349041,聚酯/聚氨酯/聚碳酸酯),EP 758007(US 5750613,聚丙烯酸酯-聚醚混合物)、EP 751197(US 5741849)、EP1141065(US 6590028)。
为了引入本发明的水可乳化的聚异氰酸酯,通常将本发明获得的聚异氰酸酯分布在多元醇的水分散体中即可。生成乳液通常需要0至不超过108W/m3的能量输入。
分散体的固含量通常为10重量%至85重量%,优选20重量%至70重量%且粘度为10至500mPa*s。
对于膜的固化,将聚异氰酸酯组合物和粘合剂彼此混合,使异氰酸酯基团与对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的摩尔比为0.2:1至5:1、优选0.8:1至1.2:1、尤其是0.9:1至1.1:1,此外,可通过混合而任选地掺入通常的涂料成分,并将所得材料施于基底上且在环境温度至150℃下固化。
在一个优选的变体中,涂料混合物在环境温度至80℃、更优选环境温度至60℃下固化(例如,对于重新涂饰应用或难于置于炉内的大物品)。
在另一优选的应用中,涂料混合物在110-150℃、优选在120-140℃下固化(例如对于OEM应用)。
在本发明的上下文中,“固化”意指至少在上述温度下通过加热施于基底的涂层组合物直到至少产生所需不粘状态从而在基底上生产不粘涂层的过程。
本说明书中的涂层组合物意指至少以下组分的混合物:所述组分用于至少一个基底的涂覆,目的在于形成膜,并在固化之后,形成不粘涂层。
基底通过技术人员已知的通常方法涂覆,将至少一种涂层组合物以所需厚度施于待涂覆的基底上,并任选地通过加热除去涂层组合物中任选存在的挥发性成分。如有需要,可重复该操作一次以上。向基底的施用可以以已知的方式进行,例如通过喷涂、抹涂、刮刀涂布、刷涂、压延、辊涂、流动涂布、层压、注射背成型(backmolding)或共挤出。
这类固化膜的厚度可以是0.1μm至最高达若干毫米、优选1至2000μm、更优选5至200μm、非常优选5至60μm(基于溶剂已从涂料中除去状态下的涂料计)。
本发明还提供了用本发明的多层涂料体系涂布的基底。
这类聚氨酯涂料尤其适于需要特别高应用可靠性、外部耐候性、光学性能、耐溶剂性、耐化学性和耐水性的应用。
所得的双组分涂层组合物和涂层制剂适于涂布以下基底:如木材、薄木片、纸、硬纸板、纸板、纺织品、膜、皮革、非织造织物、塑料表面、玻璃、陶瓷、矿建材料(如模塑水泥砖和纤维水泥板)或金属,以上每种情况可任选地经预涂布或预处理。
这类涂层组合物适于用作或用于内部或外部涂层,即,暴露于日光中的那些应用,优选建筑物的部分、(大型)车辆和飞机上的涂层,和工业应用、农业和建筑中的多用途运载车、装饰涂料、桥梁、建筑物、动力船桅、储槽、集装箱、管线、发电站、化工厂、船、起重机、标杆、板桩、阀门、管、配件、法兰盘、联轴器、大厅、屋顶和结构钢、家具、窗、门、木块、地板、罐头涂料和卷材涂料、用于地板的覆盖物(如用在停车场阶梯或用在医院),且特别是汽车涂饰(如OEM和重新涂饰应用)。
这类涂层组合物优选在环境温度至80℃之间、优选环境温度至60℃、更优选环境温度至40℃的温度下使用。所讨论的物品优选为无法在高温下固化的那些,如大机器、飞机、大容量车辆和重新涂饰应用。
本发明的涂层组合物特别用作清漆、底漆和面漆材料、底层涂料和二道底漆。
本发明聚异氰酸酯组合物的优点为:所述聚异氰酸酯组合物能长时间保持聚异氰酸酯混合物的颜色稳定性。
这类聚异氰酸酯组合物可在涂料、粘合剂和密封剂中用作固化剂。
由于所述异氰酸酯组合物的低色值和高颜色稳定性,其更特别地适用于清漆材料的涂层组合物。更特别优选重新涂饰应用。
实施例
原料:
聚异氰酸酯A:
聚醚C:
单官能聚(环氧乙烷),由甲醇起始并使用基于氢氧化钾的催化剂,其中OH含量为112(DIN 53240)且平均分子量为500g/mol。产物使用乙酸中和并除去不同的剩余钾盐。
磷酸盐D:
40.0g磷酸二丁酯/磷酸单丁酯(摩尔比为0.8/1.0)和19.0g三乙胺的混合物
聚异氰酸酯交联剂合成:
聚异氰酸酯1:
将908.0g聚异氰酸酯A、28.3g聚醚C和63.6g磷酸盐D加入配备有温度计(外加温度调节的油浴)、机械搅拌、冷水冷凝器和氮气入口的三颈圆底烧瓶。搅拌反应混合物并在90℃下加热。在3小时后,NCO含量达到19.0%。将反应混合物冷却至室温,相应的聚异氰酸酯在23℃下的粘度为4200mPa.s。
储存测试:
PGDA:丙二醇二乙酸酯
MPA:1-甲氧基-2-丙基乙酸酯
Irgafos OPH:二正辛基膦酸
DEHP:二-2-乙基己基磷酸酯
BHT:丁基羟基甲苯
Irganox 1135:苯丙酸,3,5-双(1,1-二甲基-乙基)-4-羟基-C7-C9支链烷基酯
Claims (16)
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物,其中所述组分(a)为由(环)脂族异氰酸酯合成的多异氰酸酯。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物,其中组分(a)为基于异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯和/或1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的包含脲基甲酸酯和/或异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物,其中在组分(b)中,R1和R2彼此独立地可为未取代的烷基或未取代的芳基。
5.根据权利要求4所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物,其中R1和R2彼此独立地选自苯基、甲基、乙基、正丁基和2-乙基己基。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物,其中所述化合物(b)选自磷酸单甲酯、磷酸二甲酯、磷酸单乙酯、磷酸二乙酯、磷酸单正丁酯、磷酸二正丁酯、磷酸单2-乙基己酯、磷酸二2-乙基己酯及其混合物。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物,其中所述化合物(c)满足下式:
R4-O-[-Xi-]k-H
其中
R4为C1-C20烷基、被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔或未被间隔的C2-C20烷基,或为C6-C12芳基、C5-C12环烷基或含有氧、氮和/或硫原子的5元至6元杂环,各所述基团可被官能团,芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代,
k为5至40的整数,并且
对于i=1至k,各Xi可独立地选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-、-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-、-CH2-C(CH3)2-O-、-C(CH3)2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHVin-O-、-CHVin-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHPh-O-和-CHPh-CH2-O-,其中Ph为苯基且Vin为乙烯基。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物,基于合成组分(a)中的异氰酸酯基团计,聚异氰酸酯(A)具有以下成分:
(b)0.5至30重量%的式(I)和/或(II)的化合物,和
(c)至少0.3重量%,最高达25重量%,基于(c)中的异氰酸酯反应性基团计。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物,其中化合物(b)中的磷酸基被至少部分地中和。
10.根据权利要求9所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物,其中所述磷酸基被叔胺(A1)至少部分地中和。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物,其中化合物(B)选自2,6-双-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)、3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基]丙酸酯、季戊四醇四(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯)、3,3',3”,5,5',5”-六-叔丁基-a,a',a”-(均三甲苯-2,4,6-三基)三-对甲酚、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸异辛酯和3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯。
12.一种使聚异氰酸酯组合物稳定化的方法,所述聚异氰酸酯组合物除了聚异氰酸酯(A)之外还包含至少一种位阻酚(B)。
13.一种制备聚氨酯涂料的方法,其包括使权利要求1至11中任一项所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物与至少一种包含异氰酸酯反应性基团的粘合剂反应。
14.一种制备聚氨酯涂料的方法,其包括使权利要求1和11中任一项所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物与至少一种选自下列的粘合剂反应:聚丙烯酸酯-多元醇分散体、聚酯-多元醇分散体、聚醚-多元醇分散体、聚氨酯-多元醇分散体、聚碳酸酯-多元醇分散体及其混合物。
15.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的聚异氰酸酯组合物作为固化剂在涂层组合物、在重新涂饰领域的底层涂料、二道底漆、有色面漆、底漆和清漆材料、在汽车重新涂饰、大型车辆涂布和木材涂布中的用途,以及其作为固化剂在涂料、粘结剂和密封剂中的用途。
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WO2021151774A1 (en) | 2021-08-05 |
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