CN115418275A - Extraction method and application of medium-chain fatty acid - Google Patents
Extraction method and application of medium-chain fatty acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN115418275A CN115418275A CN202210868976.5A CN202210868976A CN115418275A CN 115418275 A CN115418275 A CN 115418275A CN 202210868976 A CN202210868976 A CN 202210868976A CN 115418275 A CN115418275 A CN 115418275A
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- chain fatty
- medium
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- fatty acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/006—Refining fats or fatty oils by extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/02—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils
- C11C1/04—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils by hydrolysis
- C11C1/045—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils by hydrolysis using enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly provides a method for extracting medium-chain fatty acid. The medium-chain fatty acid obtained by the extraction method provided by the invention can be used in feed additives to replace antibiotics, so that the stress and death rate of livestock and poultry are reduced, and the addition of a large amount of antibiotics for preventing and treating diseases is reduced. The method conforms to the safe and efficient industry development direction of the livestock and poultry breeding industry at present, and widens the thought of animal intestinal health nutrition research. The medium-chain fatty acid product is applied to the daily ration of animals, so that the addition of a large amount of copper, zinc and antibiotics in animal feed can be reduced laterally, the economic benefit and the environmental protection benefit of animal breeding are improved, and the sustainable development of animal husbandry is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to an extraction method and application of medium-chain fatty acid.
Background
Fatty acids are a class of carboxylic acid compounds, which are aliphatic hydrocarbon chains containing a carboxyl group at one end, and can be represented by R-COOH. Most common fatty acids contain an even number of carbon atoms and can be classified according to the length of the carbon chain into short chain fatty acids (carbon chain length < 6), medium chain fatty acids (carbon chain length < 8 > 12) and long chain fatty acids (carbon chain length > 12). Medium chain fatty acids are widely distributed in nature, are present in many plants and animals, and have been used for a long time as antibiotic substitutes. Because of its broad antimicrobial and immunocompetence-maintaining effects, undissociated medium-chain fatty acid molecules can penetrate the phosphate bilayer of bacterial cell membranes in the lower pH environment of the stomach, thereby destroying the cell membranes. In bacterial cells, medium-chain fatty acids are in a nearly neutral environment, dissociated medium-chain fatty acid molecules accumulate, protons are left in the cytoplasm of the bacteria to perform acidification, and the acidification finally kills the bacteria. Medium chain fatty acids possess a lower minimum inhibitory concentration than short chain fatty acids and long chain fatty acids; free medium-chain fatty acids may also act as an early barrier to pathogens in the animal's stomach, compared to medium-chain fatty acid esters and fat-encapsulated butyric acid, which release its active substance only in the intestine under the action of intestinal lipase. The combined action of these antibacterial activities will create a beneficial microbial ecosystem in the gut, resulting in a higher ratio of gut villus height/crypt depth, promoting the digestive and absorptive functions of the gut.
The hermetia illucens are rotting insects and are usually used for producing fish feed, and the hermetia illucens have the characteristics of rapid propagation, wide feeding, high absorption and conversion rate, convenience in management and breeding and the like, and are suitable for resource popularization. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acid in the black soldier fly larva grease is 60.85%, and the proportion of essential fatty acid is 23.72%. The dried hermetia illucens larvae contain 42-44% of protein and 31-35% of fat. In the heisui river horsefly larva fatty acid taking kitchen waste as a feed, the content of decanoic acid (C10: 0) is 0.5%, the content of lauric acid (C12: 0) is 16.9%, the content of myristic acid (C14: 0) is 2.8%, the content of palmitic acid (C16: 0) is 8.1%, the content of stearic acid (C18: 0) is 1.3%, the content of oleic acid (C18: 1n 9C) is 10.7%, and the content of linoleic acid (C18: 2n 6C) is 8.0%. The prospect of preparing medium-chain fatty acid as an antibiotic substitute by using hermetia illucens larvae is good.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method for extracting medium-chain fatty acid, which is used for replacing antibiotics in feed additives and reducing the pressure of using the antibiotics in agriculture.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for extracting medium-chain fatty acid, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying and crushing the hermetia illucens larvae to obtain hermetia illucens larva powder;
(2) Extracting oil from the black soldier fly larva powder;
(3) Adding water into the grease, adding an emulsifier, and then adding lipase for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
(4) Filtering the enzymolysis solution, concentrating, and homogenizing.
(5) And (4) freeze-drying the homogenized product to obtain a medium-chain fatty acid product.
Specifically, the oil is extracted by adopting a biological enzymolysis method in the step (2), specifically, water is added into the black soldier fly larva powder, 1.5% of alkaline protease is added into the black soldier fly larva powder by mass, enzymolysis is carried out for 6-12h under the conditions that the pH value is 8-10 and the temperature is 50-65 ℃, and the upper layer oil liquid is obtained by centrifugal standing separation after the reaction is finished.
Specifically, the oil is extracted by adopting a chemical leaching method in the step (2), specifically, the black soldier fly larva powder is sent to oil leaching equipment, solvent is added for leaching, then the prepared oil is distilled to remove the solvent, the phospholipid is subjected to hydration degumming, and the oil is obtained after vacuum deodorization.
Specifically, the oil is extracted by adopting a physical squeezing method in the step (2), and specifically, the black soldier fly larva powder is squeezed by a squeezer to obtain the black soldier fly larva hair oil.
Specifically, the proportion of the grease to the water in the step (3) is 1 (1-5), and the addition amount of the emulsifier is 0.1-1% of the weight of the reaction grease.
Specifically, in the step (3), the addition amount of the lipase is 0.5-3% of the weight of the grease.
Specifically, in the step (3), the enzymolysis pH is 7-10, the enzymolysis temperature is 45-70 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 4-8 hours.
Specifically, in the step (4), the homogenizing pressure is 30-40MPa, and the homogenizing temperature is not more than 50 ℃.
Specifically, the moisture content of the product after freeze drying in the step (5) is less than 10%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the method for extracting the medium-chain fatty acid, the fat is degraded by adding lipase into the black soldier fly fat, and a product with high medium-chain fatty acid content is obtained by carrying out certain treatment. The medium-chain fatty acid obtained by the extraction method provided by the invention can be used in feed additives to replace antibiotics, so that the stress and death rate of livestock and poultry are reduced, and the addition of a large amount of antibiotics for preventing and treating diseases is reduced. The method conforms to the safe and efficient industry development direction of the livestock and poultry breeding industry at present, and widens the thought of animal intestinal health nutrition research. The medium-chain fatty acid product is applied to the daily ration of animals, so that the addition of a large amount of copper, zinc and antibiotics in animal feed can be reduced laterally, the economic benefit and the environmental protection benefit of animal breeding are improved, and the sustainable development of animal husbandry is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Although representative embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the embodiments, but should be defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
The invention provides a method for extracting medium-chain fatty acid, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning Hermetia illucens larvae, drying with microwave or oven, and pulverizing with pulverizer to obtain Hermetia illucens larva powder with water content of about 5%.
(2) Extracting oil from the black soldier fly larva powder; the oil extraction can adopt a physical squeezing method, a chemical leaching method or a biological enzymolysis method.
The biological enzymolysis method specifically comprises the steps of adding water into black soldier fly larva powder, adding 1.5% of alkaline protease by mass of the black soldier fly larva powder, carrying out enzymolysis for 6-12 hours under the conditions that the pH value is 8-10 and the temperature is 50-65 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out centrifugal standing separation to obtain an upper-layer grease liquid.
The chemical leaching method specifically comprises the steps of feeding the black soldier fly larva powder into oil leaching equipment, adding a solvent for leaching, distilling the prepared oil to remove the solvent, hydrating and degumming phospholipid, and performing vacuum deodorization to obtain the oil.
The physical squeezing method specifically comprises the step of squeezing the black soldier fly larva powder through a squeezer to obtain the black soldier fly larva hair oil.
(3) Adding water into the grease, wherein the ratio of the grease to the water is 1 (1-5), preferably 1:3, and 0.1-1% of emulsifier is added, preferably 0.5%. Adding 0.5-3%, preferably 1.5% lipase based on the weight of oil, adjusting pH to 7-10, preferably pH 8, and performing enzymolysis at 45-70 deg.C, preferably 50 deg.C for 4-8 hr to obtain enzymolysis solution;
(4) Filtering the enzymolysis solution, concentrating the filtrate with rotary evaporation concentrator (usually 3-5 times), homogenizing with high pressure homogenizer under 30-40MPa at a temperature not higher than 50 deg.C, preferably 20-30 deg.C.
(5) And (3) freeze-drying the homogenized product in time, inspecting and packaging to obtain a medium-chain fatty acid product, and storing the product in a low-temperature drying place.
The effect of the method for extracting medium-chain fatty acids of the present invention will be examined below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
the invention provides a method for extracting medium-chain fatty acid, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning the black soldier fly larvae, drying by a microwave drying method, and crushing by a crusher to obtain the black soldier fly larva powder with the water content of 5%.
(2) The method comprises the steps of extracting oil from black soldier fly larva powder by adopting a biological enzymolysis method, specifically adding water into the black soldier fly larva powder, wherein the mass ratio of the powder to the water is 1.
(3) Adding water into the grease, wherein the ratio of the grease to the water is 1:3, and 0.5 percent of emulsifier is added. Then, adding 1.5 percent of lipase based on the weight of the grease, adjusting the pH value to 8, and carrying out enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(4) Filtering the enzymolysis solution, concentrating by a rotary evaporation concentrator for 5 times, and homogenizing by a high-pressure homogenizer under 40MPa at 30 ℃.
(5) And (3) freeze-drying the homogenized product in time, inspecting and packaging to obtain a medium-chain fatty acid product, and detecting the components of the product, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
Example 2:
the invention provides a method for extracting medium-chain fatty acid, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning black soldier fly larvae, drying by adopting a microwave drying method, and crushing by a crusher to obtain black soldier fly larva powder with the water content of 5%.
(2) The method comprises the steps of extracting oil from black soldier fly larva powder by a chemical leaching method, specifically, feeding the black soldier fly larva powder into oil leaching equipment, adding a solvent for leaching, distilling the prepared oil to remove the solvent, hydrating and degumming phospholipid, and performing vacuum deodorization to obtain the oil.
(3) Adding water into the grease, wherein the ratio of the grease to the water is 1:3, and 0.5 percent of emulsifier is added. Then adding 1.5 percent of lipase by weight of the grease, adjusting the pH value to 8, and carrying out enzymolysis for 8 hours at 50 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
(4) Filtering the enzymolysis solution, concentrating by a rotary evaporation concentrator for 5 times, and homogenizing by a high-pressure homogenizer under 40MPa at 20 ℃.
(5) And (3) freeze-drying the homogenized product in time, inspecting and packaging to obtain a medium-chain fatty acid product, and detecting the components of the product, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
Example 3:
the invention provides a method for extracting medium-chain fatty acid, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning the black soldier fly larvae, drying by a microwave drying method, and crushing by a crusher to obtain the black soldier fly larva powder with the water content of 5%.
(2) The method comprises the steps of extracting grease from black soldier fly larva powder by adopting a physical squeezing method, and specifically squeezing the black soldier fly larva powder by a squeezer to obtain black soldier fly larva hair oil.
(3) Adding water into the grease, wherein the ratio of the grease to the water is 1:3, and 0.5 percent of emulsifier is added. Then adding 1.5 percent of lipase by weight of the grease, adjusting the pH value to 8, and carrying out enzymolysis for 8 hours at 50 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
(4) Filtering the enzymolysis solution, concentrating by a rotary evaporation concentrator for 5 times, and homogenizing by a high-pressure homogenizer under 40MPa at 20 ℃.
(5) And (3) freeze-drying the homogenized product in time, inspecting and packaging to obtain a medium-chain fatty acid product, and detecting the product components, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1:
this comparative example extracted medium-chain fatty acids in the same manner as in example 1, except that no lipase was added in step (3).
The obtained product was subjected to component detection, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 detection results of the ingredients of the extracted products
| Water content% | Ash content% | Content of medium chain fatty acid% | |
| Example 1 | 8.2 | 1.4 | 80％ |
| Example 2 | 8.1 | 0.78 | 87.5％ |
| Example 3 | 8.3 | 0.56 | 94.2％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 3.4 | 0.45 | 5.4％ |
Example 4
In this example, 200 weaned (21 ± 2) days-old "du × long × big" piglets with an average body weight of (6.25 ± 0.30) kg were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and 2 control groups, each group having 4 replicates (half of a male and a female), each replicate having 10 pigs, and each replicate having 1 cycle.
Control group 1: feeding basic formula grain;
experimental group 1: feeding a basal formula supplemented with 0.5% of the medium chain fatty acid product prepared in example 1;
experimental group 2: feeding a basal formula supplemented with 0.5% of the medium chain fatty acid product prepared in example 2;
experimental group 3: feeding a basal formula supplemented with 0.5% of the medium chain fatty acid product prepared in example 3;
control group 2: feeding basal formula grain added with 0.5% antibiotic.
The test period is 14 days, the data of piglet feed intake, weight gain and the like of each experimental group and the control group are recorded, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of medium-chain fatty acids substituting antibiotics on weaned piglets
Note: no letters or same letters after the same row number indicate no significant difference (P > 0.05), and different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from table 2, the average end weight, average daily feed intake and average daily gain of the piglets in experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in control group 1 and control group 2. The growth performance of the weaned pigs can be improved by adding the medium-chain fatty acid, and the effect is more obvious.
In the whole test period, the diarrhea rate and the diarrhea index of the piglets of the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 are obviously lower (P is less than 0.05) than those of the control group 1 and the control group 2, which shows that the addition of the medium-chain fatty acid can improve the intestinal health of the weaned piglets and reduce the stress and death rate of the livestock, thereby reducing the addition of a large amount of antibiotics for preventing and treating diseases and having more obvious effect.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for extracting the medium-chain fatty acid is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Drying and crushing the hermetia illucens larvae to obtain hermetia illucens larva powder;
(2) Extracting oil from the black soldier fly larva powder;
(3) Adding water into the grease, adding an emulsifier, and then adding lipase for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
(4) Filtering the enzymolysis solution, concentrating, and homogenizing.
(5) And (4) freeze-drying the homogenized product to obtain a medium-chain fatty acid product.
2. The method for extracting medium-chain fatty acids according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) extracting the grease by adopting a biological enzymolysis method in the step (2), specifically adding water into the black soldier fly larva powder, adding 1.5% of alkaline protease into the black soldier fly larva powder by mass, carrying out enzymolysis for 6-12h under the conditions that the pH value is 8-10 and the temperature is 50-65 ℃, and carrying out centrifugal standing separation after the reaction is finished to obtain an upper grease liquid.
3. The method for extracting medium-chain fatty acids according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) extracting the grease by adopting a chemical leaching method in the step (2), specifically, feeding the black soldier fly larva powder into oil leaching equipment, adding a solvent for leaching, distilling the prepared grease to remove the solvent, hydrating and degumming phospholipid, and performing vacuum deodorization to obtain the grease.
4. The method for extracting medium-chain fatty acids according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) extracting grease by adopting a physical squeezing method in the step (2), specifically squeezing the black soldier fly larva powder by using a squeezer to obtain the black soldier fly larva hair oil.
5. The method for extracting medium-chain fatty acids according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the ratio of the grease to the water is 1 (1-5), and the addition amount of the emulsifier is 0.1-1% of the weight of the reaction grease.
6. The method for extracting medium-chain fatty acids according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the addition amount of the lipase is 0.5-3% of the weight of the grease.
7. The method for extracting medium-chain fatty acids according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the enzymolysis pH is 7-10, the enzymolysis temperature is 45-70 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 4-8 hours.
8. The method for extracting medium-chain fatty acids according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the homogenizing pressure is 30-40MPa, and the homogenizing temperature is not more than 50 ℃.
9. The method for extracting medium-chain fatty acids according to claim 1, wherein: the water content of the product after freeze drying in the step (5) is less than 10 percent.
10. Use of medium-chain fatty acids extracted by the extraction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in animal feed.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2529985A1 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2005-10-20 | The Nisshin Oillio Group, Ltd. | A lipase powder, methods for producing the same and use thereof |
| CN105456155A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-04-06 | 太仓安佑生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing cosmetic raw materials from Hermetia illucens larvas and application of method |
| CN106701313A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-05-24 | 重庆科技学院 | Method for extracting hermetia illucens larva oil through ultrasound-assisted soxhlet extraction method |
-
2022
- 2022-07-22 CN CN202210868976.5A patent/CN115418275A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2529985A1 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2005-10-20 | The Nisshin Oillio Group, Ltd. | A lipase powder, methods for producing the same and use thereof |
| CN105456155A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-04-06 | 太仓安佑生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing cosmetic raw materials from Hermetia illucens larvas and application of method |
| CN106701313A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-05-24 | 重庆科技学院 | Method for extracting hermetia illucens larva oil through ultrasound-assisted soxhlet extraction method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 杨滔;桂涛;李春梅;王有芳;: "脂肪酶在畜禽养殖业中的应用与研究", 北方牧业, no. 11, pages 15 * |
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