CN115406131A - Hydrothermal and cogeneration system based on ejector and operation method - Google Patents
Hydrothermal and cogeneration system based on ejector and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115406131A CN115406131A CN202211059890.4A CN202211059890A CN115406131A CN 115406131 A CN115406131 A CN 115406131A CN 202211059890 A CN202211059890 A CN 202211059890A CN 115406131 A CN115406131 A CN 115406131A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/08—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using ejectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
Abstract
The invention provides a hydrothermal and electric cogeneration system based on an ejector and an operation method, belonging to the technical field of hydrothermal and electric cogeneration, wherein the hydrothermal and electric cogeneration system based on the ejector comprises: the system comprises a first heat compressor, a second heat compressor, a preheater group, an evaporator group, a condenser, a first heater and a second heater; the evaporator group comprises a plurality of evaporators which are communicated in sequence; the preheater group comprises a plurality of preheaters which are sequentially communicated; and the condensed water outlet of each evaporator in the evaporator group is communicated with a fresh water outlet pipeline. The hydro-thermal-electric cogeneration system based on the ejector adopts a multi-effect processing mode, the first thermal compressor and the second thermal compressor are connected in series, the first thermal compressor ejects steam at the outlet of the second thermal compressor, the ejection ratio is improved, the steam waste heat of the last-effect evaporator is further utilized, meanwhile, the low-grade waste heat in the heating process is fully utilized by the preheater group, and the high-grade steam consumption is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrothermal and electric cogeneration, in particular to a hydrothermal and electric cogeneration system based on an ejector and an operation method.
Background
Cogeneration (also known as Cogeneration, english: combined heat and power, abbreviated as CHP) utilizes heat engines or power stations to simultaneously generate electricity and useful heat. Triple cogeneration (Trigeneration) or cooling, heat and power cogeneration (CCHP) refers to the simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heat and cooling from fuel burning or solar collectors.
Cogeneration is a process for producing electricity and heat energy simultaneously. Compared with the thermoelectric separate production, the method can obviously improve the utilization rate of the fuel, has good economic and social benefits, and is an important technical means for realizing the circular economy. The combined heating system of the thermal power generating unit and the low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination technology become a new method for water, heat and power cogeneration, the problem that a large thermal power generating unit wastes a large amount of waste heat during seawater desalination and heating heat supply is solved urgently, and how to optimize the system configuration so as to improve the energy utilization efficiency of water, heat and power cogeneration is a problem to be solved urgently.
The single-stage steam ejector is used for ejecting certain effect secondary steam of a low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system by taking extracted steam of a power plant as power steam, and outlet steam is used as first effect heating steam of a seawater desalination system. Single stage steam injectors may also be used for heating or as industrial steam; although the single-stage steam ejector can realize steam parameter matching between the thermal power generating unit and the sea and fresh water system, the single-stage steam ejector cannot well realize cascade utilization of energy. In an industrial steam system, a temperature and pressure reducing valve is adopted more, so that the steam quality waste is large; in addition, the flexibility of the water-heat-power cogeneration is not high enough, and when the thermal power generating unit operates at low load, the performance of the steam ejector is deteriorated under variable working conditions, so that the injection coefficient is reduced, the injection capacity is reduced, and the operation of the hydrothermal electric coupling system is directly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a hydrothermal cogeneration system based on an ejector and an operation method.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a hydro-thermal power cogeneration system based on an ejector, which comprises:
the system comprises a first heat compressor, a second heat compressor, a preheater group, an evaporator group, a condenser, a first heater and a second heater;
the evaporator group comprises a plurality of evaporators which are sequentially communicated, and a first-effect evaporator and a last-effect evaporator are respectively arranged at the head and the tail of the evaporator group;
the preheater group comprises a plurality of preheaters which are sequentially communicated, and a first preheater and a last preheater are respectively arranged at the head and the tail of the preheater;
the steam inlet of the first-effect evaporator is communicated with the first thermodynamic compressor, and the condensed water outlet of each-effect evaporator in the evaporator group is communicated with a fresh water outlet pipeline;
a secondary steam outlet of the last-effect evaporator is respectively communicated with a condenser and a second heat compressor, and a steam outlet of the second heat compressor is communicated with an injection steam inlet of the first heat compressor;
the seawater inlet of the condenser is communicated with a feed seawater pipeline, and the seawater outlet of the condenser is communicated with the seawater inlet of the last preheater;
wherein, the seawater outlets from the second preheater to the last preheater are divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the first preheater, and the other path is respectively communicated with the seawater inlets from the second-effect evaporator to the last-effect evaporator.
Optionally, the first heater is communicated with a return water of a heat supply network, and a steam outlet of the second thermodynamic compressor is communicated with a steam inlet of the first heater;
and the water outlet of the first heater heat supply network is communicated with the water inlet of the second heater heat supply network, and the drain port of the second heater is communicated with the hot end inlet of the first preheater.
Optionally, the number of evaporators in the evaporator group is greater than or equal to 4.
Optionally, the number of preheaters in the preheater group is greater than or equal to 4.
There is also provided a method of operation comprising the above-described injector-based cogeneration system, further comprising the steps of:
the seawater is preheated in the preheater group in sequence and then respectively enters the evaporator group, the steam of the first thermodynamic compressor enters the first effect evaporator to be condensed and release heat, the seawater is heated, the temperature is raised, and then part of the steam is vaporized to generate secondary steam with a certain mass flow, the secondary steam of the first effect evaporator is condensed and release heat in the second effect evaporator to heat the material seawater flowing into the evaporator, the steam used for the next effect evaporator is generated until the last effect evaporator, and the condensed steam after heat exchange in the evaporator group enters a fresh water outlet pipeline;
the second thermodynamic compressor is injected by using driving steam, and outlet steam of the second thermodynamic compressor is injected by using driving steam of the first thermodynamic compressor and enters the first-effect evaporator after being mixed.
Optionally, the method further comprises the step that return water of the heat supply network sequentially enters the first heater and the second heater to absorb heat and supply heat to the outside.
Optionally, the outlet water of the first heater drain and the outlet water of the hot end of the last preheater are subjected to fine treatment and then are gathered into a condenser of the turbine set.
Optionally, the heat supply network water absorbs heat in the first heater and the second heater through the pipelines respectively and supplies heat to the external heating.
Optionally, the raw seawater is preheated in the condenser and then divided into two parts, one part is discharged back to the environment, and the other part enters the evaporator with each effect as raw seawater.
Optionally, a heat source of the first heater is mixed steam generated after the second thermodynamic compressor utilizes the secondary steam driving the steam to inject the end-effect evaporator.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the hydro-thermal-electric cogeneration system based on the ejector adopts a multi-effect processing mode, the first thermal compressor and the second thermal compressor are connected in series, the first thermal compressor ejects steam at the outlet of the second thermal compressor, the ejection ratio is improved, the steam waste heat of the last-effect evaporator is further utilized, meanwhile, the low-grade waste heat in the heating process is fully utilized by the preheater group, and the high-grade steam consumption is saved.
2. The hydro-thermal electricity cogeneration system based on the ejector provided by the invention fully utilizes low-grade waste heat in the seawater desalination process to replace part of high-grade steam, and reduces the heat supply cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrothermal cogeneration system based on an ejector according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a first thermodynamic compressor; 21. a first-effect evaporator; 22. a second effect evaporator; 23. a triple effect evaporator; 24. an end effect evaporator; 3. a condenser; 41. a first preheater; 42. a second preheater; 43. a last preheater; 5. a concentrated seawater outlet pipeline; 6. a fresh water outlet pipe; 7. a second thermodynamic compressor; 8. a first heater; 10. a second heater; 11. a feeding seawater pipeline.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a specific implementation of an ejector-based cogeneration system, as shown in fig. 1, including a first heat compressor 1, a second heat compressor 7, a preheater group, an evaporator group, a condenser 3, a first heater 8, and a second heater 10. The evaporator group comprises a plurality of evaporators which are sequentially communicated, and a first-effect evaporator 21 and a last-effect evaporator 24 are respectively arranged at the head and the tail of the evaporator group; the preheater group comprises a plurality of preheaters which are sequentially communicated, wherein a first preheater 41 and a last preheater 43 are arranged at the head and the tail of each preheater respectively; the steam inlet of the first-effect evaporator 21 is communicated with the first thermodynamic compressor 1, and the condensed water outlet of each-effect evaporator in the evaporator group is communicated with a fresh water outlet pipeline 6; a secondary steam outlet of the last-effect evaporator 24 is respectively communicated with the condenser 3 and the second heat compressor 7, and a steam outlet of the second heat compressor 7 is communicated with an injection steam inlet of the first heat compressor 1; a seawater inlet of the condenser 3 is communicated with a feed seawater pipeline 11, and a seawater outlet of the condenser 3 is communicated with a seawater inlet of a last preheater 43; wherein, the seawater outlets from the second preheater 42 to the last preheater 43 are divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the previous first preheater, and the other path is respectively correspondingly communicated with the seawater inlets from the second-effect evaporator 22 to the last-effect evaporator 24.
Specifically, the first heater 8 is communicated with return water of a heat supply network, a steam outlet of the second thermal compressor 7 is communicated with a steam inlet of the first heater, a water outlet of the heat supply network of the first heater 8 is communicated with a water inlet of the heat supply network of the second heater 10, and a drain port of the second heater 10 is communicated with a hot end inlet of the first preheater 41.
Specifically, the number of evaporators in the evaporator group is not less than 4; the number of the preheaters in the preheater group is not less than 4. Wherein, the number of the evaporators is arranged corresponding to the number of the preheaters. As shown in fig. 1, there are a first-effect evaporator 21, a second-effect evaporator 22, a third-effect evaporator 23 … last-effect evaporator 24, a first preheater 41, a second preheater 42 … last preheater 43, respectively, and the reference numerals are only for illustration and are not used as the number and sequence of the evaporators and the preheaters. Wherein, the seawater outlet of the condenser 3 is communicated with the seawater inlet of the last preheater 43, the seawater outlet of the last preheater 43 is divided into two paths, one path flows into the previous preheater, and the other path flows into the last effect evaporator 24. The seawater outlet of the first preheater 41 is communicated with the seawater inlet of the first-effect evaporator 21. The seawater outlet of the second preheater 42 is divided into two paths, one path flows into the first preheater 41, and the other path flows into the second-effect evaporator 22.
Steam at a steam extraction port in the steam turbine set heats backwater of a heat supply network through a second heater 10, and sequentially enters a preheater set to heat seawater. Specifically, the second heater 10 is a spike heater.
The first thermal compressor 1 and the second thermal compressor 7 are connected in series, and a steam inlet of the first thermal compressor 1 is communicated with a steam outlet of the second thermal compressor 7.
Specifically, each effect evaporator in the evaporator group is communicated with a concentrated seawater outlet pipeline 5 and is finally discharged from the concentrated seawater outlet pipeline 5 of the last effect evaporator 24.
Example 2
This example provides a specific embodiment of the operation method, implemented using the injector-based cogeneration system of example 1, comprising the steps of: seawater is preheated in a preheater group in sequence and then respectively enters an evaporator group, steam of a first thermodynamic compressor 1 enters a first-effect evaporator 21 to be condensed and release heat, the seawater is heated, the temperature is raised, and then is partially vaporized to generate secondary steam with a certain mass flow, the secondary steam of the first-effect evaporator 21 is condensed and released heat in a second-effect evaporator 22 to heat material seawater flowing into the evaporator to generate steam for a next-effect evaporator until a last-effect evaporator 24, and the cooled steam after heat exchange in the evaporator group enters a fresh water outlet pipeline 6; the second thermal compressor 7 is injected by using driving steam, and the steam at the outlet of the second thermal compressor 7 is injected by using the driving steam by the first thermal compressor 1 and enters the first-effect evaporator 21 after being mixed. The method also comprises the step that the return water of the heat supply network sequentially enters the first heater 8 and the second heater 10 to absorb heat and then supply heat to the outside.
In the evaporator group, because the pressure of the latter evaporator is lower than that of the former evaporator, the remaining seawater which is not evaporated in the former evaporator 21 flows into the latter evaporator step by step without a raw material pump, the concentrated seawater from the former evaporator can be subjected to flash evaporation in the latter evaporator, and the process is repeated until the last evaporator 24 is reached; part of the secondary steam of the last-effect evaporator 24 is led to the condenser 3, the feed seawater is primarily heated through the condenser 3, part of the secondary steam is injected by the second heat compressor 7 through driving steam, the steam at the outlet of the second heat compressor 7 is injected by the first heat compressor 1 through driving steam, and the mixed secondary steam is used as a heat source to enter the first-effect evaporator 21.
The outlet water at the hot end of the first heater 8 is drained, and the outlet water at the hot end of the last preheater 43 is subjected to fine treatment and then is gathered into a condenser of a steam turbine set.
The raw seawater is preheated in the condenser 3 and then divided into two parts, one part is discharged back to the environment, and the other part enters each effect evaporator as raw seawater.
The heat source of the first heater 8 is mixed steam generated after the second thermal compressor 7 drives the steam to inject the secondary steam of the end-effect evaporator 24.
The return water of the heat supply network sequentially enters the first heater 8 and the second heater 10 to absorb heat and supply heat to the outside; the heat source steam of the first heater 8 is mixed steam which is obtained by ejecting secondary steam of the last-effect evaporator 24 by the driving steam of the second thermal compressor 7; the heat source end steam of the second heater 10 is a steam extraction port in the steam turbine set, which matches the steam parameter requirement.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. This need not be, nor should it be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An injector-based cogeneration system, comprising:
the system comprises a first heat compressor (1), a second heat compressor (7), a preheater group, an evaporator group, a condenser (3), a first heater (8) and a second heater (10);
the evaporator group comprises a plurality of evaporators which are sequentially communicated, and a first-effect evaporator (21) and a last-effect evaporator (24) are respectively arranged at the head and the tail of the evaporator group;
the preheater group comprises a plurality of preheaters which are sequentially communicated, and a first preheater (41) and a last preheater (43) are arranged at the head and the tail of each preheater respectively;
a steam inlet of the first-effect evaporator (21) is communicated with the first heat compressor (1), and a condensed water outlet of each-effect evaporator in the evaporator group is communicated with a fresh water outlet pipeline (6);
a secondary steam outlet of the end-effect evaporator (24) is respectively communicated with the condenser (3) and the second heat compressor (7), and a steam outlet of the second heat compressor (7) is communicated with an injection steam inlet of the first heat compressor (1);
the seawater inlet of the condenser (3) is communicated with a feed seawater pipeline (11), and the seawater outlet of the condenser (3) is communicated with the seawater inlet of the last preheater (43);
wherein, the seawater outlets from the second preheater (42) to the last preheater (43) are divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the previous first preheater, and the other path is respectively communicated with the seawater inlets from the second-effect evaporator (22) to the last-effect evaporator (24).
2. The eductor-based cogeneration system of hydrothermal electricity according to claim 1, wherein said first heater is in return water communication with a heat supply network, and a vapor outlet of said second heat compressor (7) is in communication with a vapor inlet of said first heater;
the water outlet of the heat supply network of the first heater is communicated with the water inlet of the heat supply network of the second heater (10), and the drain port of the second heater (10) is communicated with the hot end inlet of the first preheater (41).
3. The injector-based hydrothermal cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein said number of evaporators is equal to or greater than 4.
4. The injector-based hydrothermal cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein said number of preheaters is greater than or equal to 4.
5. A method of operating, comprising the injector-based cogeneration system of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising the steps of:
seawater is preheated in a preheater group in sequence and then respectively enters an evaporator group, steam of a first thermodynamic compressor (1) enters a first-effect evaporator (21) to be condensed and release heat, the seawater is heated, the temperature is raised, and then partial vaporization is carried out to generate secondary steam with a certain mass flow rate, the secondary steam of the first-effect evaporator (21) is condensed and released heat in a second-effect evaporator (22) to heat seawater which is a material flowing into the second-effect evaporator to generate steam for the next-effect evaporator until a last-effect evaporator (24), and the condensed steam after heat exchange in the evaporator group enters a fresh water outlet pipeline (6);
the second thermodynamic compressor (7) is injected by using driving steam, and the outlet steam of the second thermodynamic compressor (7) is injected by using driving steam of the first thermodynamic compressor (1) and enters the first-effect evaporator (21) after being mixed.
6. The operation method according to claim 5, further comprising the step of supplying heat to the external heating after the return water of the heat supply network enters the first heater (8) and the second heater (10) in sequence to absorb heat.
7. The operation method according to claim 5, characterized in that the first heater is hydrophobic, and the hot end outlet water of the last preheater (43) is subjected to fine treatment and then is converged into a turbine unit condenser.
8. The operation method according to claim 5, wherein the network water is supplied to the outside heating after absorbing heat in the first heater (8) and the second heater (10) through the pipes, respectively.
9. Operating method according to claim 5, characterized in that the raw seawater is preheated in the condenser (3) and then divided into two parts, one part being discharged back into the environment and the other part entering the effect evaporators as raw seawater.
10. The operating method according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat source of the first heater (8) is a mixed steam of the second heat compressor (7) after driving the steam ejector (24) with secondary steam.
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