CN112050274A - Cascade energy utilization heating system under low-load working condition and control method thereof - Google Patents
Cascade energy utilization heating system under low-load working condition and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cascade energy utilization heating system under a low-load working condition and a control method thereof, wherein the cascade energy utilization heating system comprises a boiler, a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder, a steam turbine medium-pressure cylinder, a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder, a first ejector, a second ejector, a first heat supply network heater and a second heat supply network heater; the boiler, the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder, the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder and the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder are communicated in sequence through pipelines; the steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder is respectively communicated with the power steam inlet of the first ejector, the power steam inlet of the second ejector and the first heat supply network heater through pipelines; the steam outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder is communicated with the low-pressure steam inlet of the first ejector through a pipeline; the outlet of the first ejector is respectively communicated with the low-pressure steam inlet of the second ejector and the outlet of the second ejector through pipelines; the outlet of the first ejector and the outlet of the second ejector are also communicated with the second heat supply network heater through pipelines; the first heat supply network heater is communicated with the second heat supply network heater through a pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cascade energy utilization heating system under a low-load working condition and a control method thereof, belonging to the technical field of thermal power generation.
Background
With the development of national economy, the demand of society for electric power is continuously increasing. In the early stage, because of the shortage of electricity in China, the main tasks of the generator set are full power generation and stable power generation. With the development of electric power in China, the relation between electricity utilization and power generation tends to be balanced, and even the situation of excessive power generation can occur.
In addition, the total thermal efficiency of a common cogeneration power plant in the heating season can reach 60 to 80 percent, and the annual thermal efficiency is 50 to 70 percent. For non-cogeneration units, the thermal efficiency of small and medium-sized extraction condensing or pure condensing units is only 25-40%. The actual thermal efficiency of a large power plant is only 30-40%, a large amount of heat loss exists in the power plant, wherein more than 50-60% of the loss is dead steam condensation heat loss. The temperature of the condensing exhaust steam is generally 20-40 ℃, which belongs to low-grade heat energy and is difficult to recover.
The condensing exhaust steam belongs to exhaust steam waste heat for a thermal power generation steam turbine, but is serious waste of energy for resident heating with lower energy quality requirement. Meanwhile, after being cooled by the condenser, the exhaust steam is released into the atmosphere, which is easy to cause air environment pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a cascade energy utilization heating system under a low-load working condition and a control method thereof, which can recover the exhaust steam discharged by a steam turbine to be applied to centralized heating, can well solve the problem of heat source shortage in urban centralized heating, can realize energy conservation and emission reduction of a thermal power plant, and improve the environment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a cascade energy utilization heating system under a low-load working condition comprises a boiler, a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder, a steam turbine medium-pressure cylinder, a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder, a first ejector, a second ejector, a first heat supply network heater and a second heat supply network heater; the boiler, the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder, the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder and the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder are communicated in sequence through pipelines; the steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder is respectively communicated with the power steam inlet of the first ejector, the power steam inlet of the second ejector and the first heat supply network heater through pipelines; the steam outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder is communicated with the low-pressure steam inlet of the first ejector through a pipeline; the outlet of the first ejector is communicated with the low-pressure steam inlet of the second ejector and the outlet of the second ejector through pipelines respectively; the outlet of the first ejector and the outlet of the second ejector are also communicated with the second heat supply network heater through pipelines; the first heat supply network heater is communicated with the second heat supply network heater through a pipeline.
Furthermore, a first steam valve is arranged on a pipeline through which a steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder is communicated with a power steam inlet of the first ejector; a second steam valve is arranged on a pipeline through which a steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder is communicated with a power steam inlet of the second ejector; and a third steam valve is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder with the first heat supply network heater.
Furthermore, a first injection steam valve is arranged on a pipeline through which a steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is communicated with a low-pressure steam inlet of the first injector; and a second injection steam valve is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the outlet of the first ejector with the low-pressure steam inlet of the second ejector.
Furthermore, a first mixed steam valve is arranged on a pipeline between the steam outlet of the first ejector and the outlet of the second ejector; and a second mixed steam valve is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the outlet of the second ejector with the second heat supply network heater.
Further, a control method of the cascade energy utilization heating system under the low-load working condition specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: acquiring an ambient temperature T0;
continuously monitoring the outdoor environment temperature T0 in winter;
the second step is that: presetting four temperature node parameters, wherein the temperature nodes T1> T2> T3> T4;
according to different areas needing heat supply, four temperature nodes are arranged, so that when the ambient temperature T0 changes, the heat supply temperature is adjusted in time to meet the heat supply requirement of a heat user;
thirdly, comparing the ambient temperature T0 with the four temperature node parameters to determine a heating mode;
d1: when the ambient temperature T0 is greater than or equal to the temperature node T1, the heating mode is switched to the mode 1;
in the mode 1, a first steam valve, a second steam valve, a third steam valve, a first injection steam valve, a second injection steam valve, a first mixed steam valve and a second mixed steam valve are closed, and a first ejector and a second ejector are closed simultaneously;
d2: when the ambient temperature T0 is not less than the temperature node T2, the heating mode is switched to the mode 2;
in the mode 2, a first steam valve, a first injection steam valve, a first mixed steam valve, a second mixed steam valve and a first ejector are opened, and a second steam valve, a third steam valve, a second injection steam valve and a second ejector are closed;
d3: when the ambient temperature T0 is greater than or equal to the temperature node T3, the heating mode is switched to a mode 3;
in the mode 3, a first steam valve, a second steam valve, a first injection steam valve, a second mixed steam valve, a first ejector and a second ejector are opened, and a third steam valve and the first mixed steam valve are closed;
d4: when the ambient temperature T0 is less than or equal to the temperature node T4, the heating mode is switched to a mode 4;
and in the mode 4, the first mixed steam valve is closed by opening the first steam valve, the second steam valve, the third steam valve, the first injection steam valve, the second mixed steam valve, the first ejector and the second ejector.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention recovers the exhaust steam exhausted by the steam turbine and applies the exhaust steam to centralized heat supply, thereby not only well solving the problem of heat source shortage in urban centralized heat supply, but also realizing energy conservation and emission reduction of the thermal power plant and improving the environment.
2. According to the invention, the steam ejector is used for ejecting the exhaust steam by utilizing the steam exhausted by the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder, so that the water supply temperature of a heat supply network and the heat supply capacity of a power plant are improved, and the gradient utilization of energy is realized; in addition, the exhaust steam quantity can also meet the steam quantity for heat supply, and the problem of insufficient urban heat supply is solved.
3. The invention utilizes the dead steam, improves the recycling of low-grade heat energy, reduces the loss of the cold end, reduces the coal consumption and improves the economic efficiency of the power plant.
4. The ejector has a simple structure, does not have moving parts, can well adapt to thermal load or electric load, and is safe and stable; meanwhile, two ejectors are connected in series, so that the heat supply steam quantity can be flexibly adjusted and the heat supply mode can be adjusted in due time according to the change of the environmental temperature, the heat demand of a heat user is met, and the energy is not wasted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a heating control method according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures denote:
1. a boiler; 2. a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine; 3. a turbine intermediate pressure cylinder; 4. a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine; 5. a first ejector; 6. a second ejector; 7. a first heat supply network heater; 8. a second heat supply network heater; 9. a first steam valve; 10. a second steam valve; 11. a third steam valve; 12. a first injection steam valve; 13. a second injection steam valve; 14. a first mixed steam valve; 15. a second mixed steam valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Wherein the arrow direction represents the flow direction; a represents a water supply system; b represents a heat supply network water supply system; c represents a heat supply network backwater system; d represents a regenerative system.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a cascade energy utilization heating system under a low-load working condition comprises a boiler 1, a turbine high-pressure cylinder 2, a turbine medium-pressure cylinder 3, a turbine low-pressure cylinder 4, a first ejector 5, a second ejector 6, a first heat supply network heater 7 and a second heat supply network heater 8; the boiler 1, the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 2, the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 and the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 4 are sequentially communicated through pipelines; the exhaust port of the turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 is respectively communicated with the power steam inlet of the first ejector 5, the power steam inlet of the second ejector 6 and the first heat supply network heater 7 through pipelines; the steam outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 4 is communicated with the low-pressure steam inlet of the first ejector 5 through a pipeline; the outlet of the first ejector 5 is respectively communicated with the low-pressure steam inlet of the second ejector 6 and the outlet of the second ejector 6 through pipelines; the outlet of the first ejector 5 and the outlet of the second ejector 6 are also communicated with the second heat net heater 8 through pipelines; the first heat supply network heater 7 is communicated with the second heat supply network heater 8 through a pipeline.
According to the above description, after entering the boiler 1 from the water supply system a, the water is heated and changed into steam, and flows through the steam turbine high pressure cylinder 2 and the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 in sequence; then, at the steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3, dividing the steam into three parts, and respectively entering a power steam inlet of the first ejector 5, a power steam inlet of the second ejector 6 and the first heat supply network heater 7; then, the steam discharged from the steam outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 4 enters the low-pressure steam inlet of the first ejector 5, and the steam discharged from the outlet of the first ejector 5 enters the low-pressure steam inlet of the second ejector 6 and the outlet of the second ejector 6 respectively; meanwhile, the exhausted steam of the outlet of the first ejector 5 and the outlet of the second ejector 6 enter the second heat supply network heater 8, and the first heat supply network heater 7 and the second heat supply network heater 8 are communicated with each other; finally, one part of the steam in the first heat supply network heater 7 enters the heat supply network water supply system b, the other part of the steam flows back to the heat recovery system d, one part of the steam in the second heat supply network heater 8 enters the heat supply network water return system c, and the other part of the steam flows back to the heat recovery system d.
The invention adopts two ejectors, wherein the first ejector 5 uses the steam exhausted by the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 to eject the exhaust steam, and the second ejector 6 uses the steam exhausted by the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 to eject the steam at the outlet of the first ejector 5. Therefore, when the first ejector 5 operates, the heating steam pressure is increased, and the return water temperature of the heat supply network is increased; when the first ejector 5 and the second ejector 6 are operated simultaneously, the steam pressure discharged from the outlet of the second ejector 6 is greatly improved compared with the steam pressure discharged from the outlet of the first ejector 5, so that the return water temperature of the heat supply network is further improved. Therefore, on one hand, the invention can improve the heat supply capacity of the power plant and solve the problem of insufficient urban heat supply; on the other hand, the ejector is used for ejecting the exhaust steam, so that the cold end loss can be reduced, the steam utilization rate is improved, and the benefit of a power plant is improved.
Further, a first steam valve 9 is arranged on a pipeline through which a steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 is communicated with a power steam inlet of the first ejector 5; a second steam valve 10 is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 with the power steam inlet of the second ejector 6; and a third steam valve 11 is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 with the first heat supply network heater 7.
Further, a first injection steam valve 12 is arranged on a pipeline through which a steam outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 4 is communicated with a low-pressure steam inlet of the first injector 5; and a second injection steam valve 13 is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the outlet of the first ejector 5 with the low-pressure steam inlet of the second ejector 6.
Furthermore, a first mixed steam valve 14 is arranged on a pipeline between the steam outlet of the first ejector 5 and the outlet of the second ejector 6; and a second mixed steam valve 15 is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the outlet of the second ejector 6 with the second heat supply network heater 8.
Further, a control method of the cascade energy utilization heating system under the low-load working condition specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: acquiring an ambient temperature T0;
continuously monitoring the outdoor environment temperature T0 in winter;
in winter, the indoor temperature of the heat consumers is generally required to reach about 18 ℃ (according to the requirements of different areas and different users); and the outdoor environment temperature T0 in winter is often changing. Therefore, the ambient temperature T0 needs to be monitored to facilitate the subsequent planning of different heating plans.
The second step is that: presetting four temperature node parameters, wherein the temperature nodes T1> T2> T3> T4;
according to different areas needing heat supply, four temperature nodes are arranged, so that when the ambient temperature T0 changes, the heat supply temperature is adjusted in time to meet the heat supply requirement of a heat user;
the outdoor temperature T0 in winter is changing constantly, so if the indoor temperature is to be kept within a certain temperature range, the heating temperature needs to be adjusted accordingly according to the change of the outdoor temperature T0, otherwise, too low can not meet the heating demand of the heat user, and too high can waste energy. In view of this, the present invention correspondingly designs four working condition modes for the four temperature node parameters T1, T2, T3, and T4, and can adjust the heating temperature in time when the ambient temperature T0 changes.
Thirdly, comparing the ambient temperature T0 with the four temperature node parameters to determine a heating mode;
d1: when the ambient temperature T0 is greater than or equal to the temperature node T1, the heating mode is switched to the mode 1;
in the mode 1, a first steam valve 9, a second steam valve 10, a third steam valve 11, a first injection steam valve 12, a second injection steam valve 13, a first mixed steam valve 14 and a second mixed steam valve 15 are closed, and a first ejector 5 and a second ejector 6 are closed simultaneously;
D2: when the ambient temperature T0 is not less than the temperature node T2, the heating mode is switched to the mode 2;
the mode 2 is to open the first steam valve 9, the first injection steam valve 12, the first mixed steam valve 14, the second mixed steam valve 15 and the first ejector 5 and close the second steam valve 10, the third steam valve 11, the second injection steam valve 13 and the second ejector 6;
D3: when the ambient temperature T0 is greater than or equal to the temperature node T3, the heating mode is switched to a mode 3;
in the mode 3, a first steam valve 9, a second steam valve 10, a first injection steam valve 12, a second injection steam valve 13, a second mixed steam valve 15, a first ejector 5 and a second ejector 6 are opened, and a third steam valve 11 and a first mixed steam valve 14 are closed;
the mode 3 is that the first ejector 5 and the second ejector 6 are both put into operation, and the corresponding steam valves are opened at the same time. As the ambient temperature decreases, the demand of the hot user increases, and thus the mode 3 is adopted.
D4: when the ambient temperature T0 is less than or equal to the temperature node T4, the heating mode is switched to a mode 4;
the mode 4 is to open a first steam valve 9, a second steam valve 10, a third steam valve 11, a first injection steam valve 12, a second injection steam valve 13, a second mixed steam valve 15, a first ejector 5 and a second ejector, and close the first mixed steam valve 14.
The mode 4 is to open all the steam valves except the first mixed steam valve 14, simultaneously the first ejector 5 and the second ejector 6 are both put into operation, and one path of the steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 is led out to the first heat supply network heater 7 to directly participate in heat supply. With the step of the cold period, the heat supply demand of the heat user reaches the peak value, at the moment, the method of the mode 4 is adopted, and when the steam valve and the ejector are opened, one path of the exhaust port of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 is led out to the first heat supply network heater 7 to directly participate in heat supply, so that the water supply temperature is further improved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a step energy utilization heating system under low-load operating mode which characterized in that: the system comprises a boiler (1), a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder (2), a steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder (3), a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder (4), a first ejector (5), a second ejector (6), a first heat supply network heater (7) and a second heat supply network heater (8); the boiler (1), the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder (2), the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder (3) and the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder (4) are communicated in sequence through pipelines; the steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder (3) is respectively communicated with the power steam inlet of the first ejector (5), the power steam inlet of the second ejector (6) and the first heat supply network heater (7) through pipelines; the steam outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder (4) is communicated with the low-pressure steam inlet of the first ejector (5) through a pipeline; the outlet of the first ejector (5) is respectively communicated with the low-pressure steam inlet of the second ejector (6) and the outlet of the second ejector (6) through pipelines; the outlet of the first ejector (5) and the outlet of the second ejector (6) are also communicated with the second heat net heater (8) through pipelines; the first heat supply network heater (7) is communicated with the second heat supply network heater (8) through a pipeline.
2. The cascade energy utilization heating system under the low-load working condition according to claim 1, characterized in that: a first steam valve (9) is arranged on a pipeline through which a steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder (3) is communicated with a power steam inlet of the first ejector (5); a second steam valve (10) is arranged on a pipeline through which a steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder (3) is communicated with a power steam inlet of the second ejector (6); and a third steam valve (11) is arranged on a pipeline for communicating a steam outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder (3) with the first heat supply network heater (7).
3. The cascade energy utilization heating system under the low-load working condition according to claim 2, characterized in that: a first injection steam valve (12) is arranged on a pipeline through which a steam outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder (4) is communicated with a low-pressure steam inlet of the first injector (5); and a second injection steam valve (13) is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the outlet of the first injector (5) with the low-pressure steam inlet of the second injector (6).
4. The cascade energy utilization heating system under the low-load working condition according to claim 3, characterized in that: a first mixed steam valve (14) is arranged on a pipeline between the steam outlet of the first ejector (5) and the outlet of the second ejector (6); and a second mixed steam valve (15) is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the outlet of the second ejector (6) with the second heat supply network heater (8).
5. A control method of a cascade energy utilization heating system under a low-load working condition is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the cascade energy utilization heating system under the low-load working condition according to claim 4 is adopted, and comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: acquiring an ambient temperature T0;
continuously monitoring the outdoor environment temperature T0 in winter;
the second step is that: presetting four temperature node parameters, wherein the temperature nodes T1> T2> T3> T4;
according to different areas needing heat supply, four temperature nodes are arranged, so that when the ambient temperature T0 changes, the heat supply temperature is adjusted in time to meet the heat supply requirement of a heat user;
thirdly, comparing the ambient temperature T0 with the four temperature node parameters to determine a heating mode;
d1: when the ambient temperature T0 is greater than or equal to the temperature node T1, the heating mode is switched to the mode 1;
in the mode 1, a first steam valve (9), a second steam valve (10), a third steam valve (11), a first injection steam valve (12), a second injection steam valve (13), a first mixed steam valve (14) and a second mixed steam valve (15) are closed, and a first ejector (5) and a second ejector (6) are closed simultaneously;
d2: when the ambient temperature T0 is not less than the temperature node T2, the heating mode is switched to the mode 2;
in the mode 2, a first steam valve (9), a first injection steam valve (12), a first mixed steam valve (14), a second mixed steam valve (15) and a first ejector (5) are opened, and a second steam valve (10), a third steam valve (11), a second injection steam valve (13) and a second ejector (6) are closed;
d3: when the ambient temperature T0 is greater than or equal to the temperature node T3, the heating mode is switched to a mode 3;
in the mode 3, a first steam valve (9), a second steam valve (10), a first injection steam valve (12), a second injection steam valve (13), a second mixed steam valve (15), a first ejector (5) and a second ejector (6) are opened, and a third steam valve (11) and a first mixed steam valve (14) are closed;
d4: when the ambient temperature T0 is less than or equal to the temperature node T4, the heating mode is switched to a mode 4;
the mode 4 is to open a first steam valve (9), a second steam valve (10), a third steam valve (11), a first injection steam valve (12), a second injection steam valve (13), a second mixed steam valve (15), a first ejector (5) and a second ejector (6), and close the first mixed steam valve (14).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113188110A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-07-30 | 华能(广东)能源开发有限公司海门电厂 | Double-extraction steam supply system and method based on ejector |
| CN113464225A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-10-01 | 西安交通大学 | System and method for wide load operation of power plant with two-stage steam ejector |
| CN115406131A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-29 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Hydrothermal and cogeneration system based on ejector and operation method |
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| CN113464225A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-10-01 | 西安交通大学 | System and method for wide load operation of power plant with two-stage steam ejector |
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| CN115406131B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-11-28 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Water-heat cogeneration system based on ejector and operation method |
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