CN115404172A - 塔宾曲霉菌株Yw-4及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及微生物技术领域,具体涉及一株塔宾曲霉(Aspergillustubingensis)菌株Yw‑4及其应用。本发明还提供了菌株Yw‑4应用在降解油茶果壳的纤维素上,筛选得到的塔宾曲霉(Aspergillustubingensis)菌株Yw‑4不仅酶活力高达215.81U/mL,且在油茶果壳粉的平板上长势良好,第3天在的透明圈直径比(D/d)为1.76,具有很好的降解效果。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及微生物技术领域,具体涉及塔宾曲霉菌株Yw-4及其应用。
【背景技术】
半纤维素是木质纤维素中目前利用最少的部分,其从不同的植物来源和植物部位提取将具有不同的分子和结构。油茶果壳中半纤维素含量丰富,约含36%~50%,且含量最多的单糖是木糖,其次是葡萄糖。半纤维素中存在着大量的木聚糖,主要以β-1,4-糖苷键的木糖单元形式聚合,工业相关的微生物不能直接使用聚合物作为碳源,木聚糖的天然结构形式阻碍了微生物代谢灵活性和半纤维素的有效利用。而内切木聚糖酶和β-木糖苷酶作为关键酶能有效地将其降解为低聚糖和单糖。因此,木聚糖酶作为半纤维素酶系中最普遍也最重要的一种,被作为半纤维素降解的研究重点。木聚糖酶可制浆漂白,将半纤维素转化为生产原料、生物燃料和生产木糖,其市场需求已高达2亿美元。
木聚糖酶可由曲霉菌、木霉菌、芽孢杆菌、链霉菌等微生物产生,相关微生物在堆肥、泥土、温泉、海水和高等动物消化道均有发现。Irdawati等从温泉中筛选出产木聚糖酶的高效半纤维素降解菌Bacillus sp.1,其透明圈与菌落直径比值达0.74;姜立春等以腐烂的木材为菌源,筛选到1株半纤维素高效降解菌株Cellulomonas sp J-25,木聚糖酶的活性达62.8U/mL;Jiang等分离并鉴定了一种能将半纤维素等多糖转化为丁醇和异丙醇的野生型C.beijerinckii NJP7菌株,它能分泌胞外木聚糖酶,有效水解半纤维素。然而,作为油茶果壳中最丰富的成分,油茶果壳半纤维素的应用还没有得到足够的重视。
每吨油茶果实通常产生约0.54吨的废壳,大量的油茶果壳作为生物废弃物被丢弃以达到快速处理的目的。因此,充分利用这种生物固体废弃物,对提高其经济价值和环境保护具有重要意义。本实验将筛选具有降解油茶果壳性能的真菌,为绿色、安全、无污染处理生物废弃物提供理论依据和技术支撑。
【发明内容】
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供了一种株塔宾曲霉(Aspergillustubingensis)菌株Yw-4及其应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明筛选得到一株塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)菌株Yw-4,其保藏编号为GDMCCNo.62598,保藏日期:2022年7月4日,保藏地址为:中国广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼,保藏单位:广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC)。
本发明还提供一种如上所述的塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)菌株Yw-4在制备木聚糖酶或木聚糖酶制剂中的应用。
本发明还提供一种如上所述的塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)菌株Yw-4在降解茶油果壳中的应用。
本发明还提供一种产木聚糖酶的方法,是发酵所述的塔宾曲霉(Aspergillustubingensis)菌株Yw-4,收集发酵产物,即得到木聚糖酶。
进一步说明,所述发酵的条件为在30℃、150r/min,培养3-7天。
进一步说明,所述发酵采用的发酵培养基的组分如下:每L所述发酵培养基由木聚糖10g,KH2PO4 1.0g,NaCl 0.1g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.3g,(NH4)2SO4 2.5g,CaCl2 0.1g和水组成,用水补足体积;所述发酵培养基的pH值为4.8。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明是以油茶果壳粉为唯一碳源,从广西科技大学板栗林里的土壤、腐木质和腐烂板栗中,富集培养出能降解油茶果壳且分泌胞外半纤维素酶的真菌。利用木聚糖透明圈法从中筛选得到半纤维素酶活力高的1株,结合形态学观察及ITS技术对目标菌株进行鉴定,并研究粗酶液中的酶活力、蛋白质含量与时间的关系,探究其对油茶果壳的糖化性能。结果表明:筛选得到的1株真菌Yw-4,结合微观结构观察与ITS序列相似比对,分别鉴定为塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis),该株菌株在油茶果壳粉平板上长势良好,第3天在的透明圈直径比(D/d)为1.76,摇瓶发酵结果显示第5天为3株菌株的酶活力最高值为215.81U/mL,但蛋白质的表达量在第2和第3天达到顶峰。该株菌株的粗酶液在50℃、48h条件下,糖化产生了2.000mL木糖。因此,塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)Yw-4是具有较好应用前景的油茶果壳降解菌株。
【附图说明】
图1:油茶果壳粉培养基上菌株的生长状况图,其中①是空白对照平板;②是由腐烂板栗壳中富集涂布;③是由腐烂软化的树枝中富集涂布;④是由腐烂堆积的土壤中富集涂布。
图2:各菌株PDA培养基上的菌落状态图。
图3:各菌株乳酸棉兰染色后各菌株的微观形态,其中①Yw-4菌株;②Sw-3菌株;③Cw-5菌株。
图4:各菌株在木聚糖平板上的透明圈,其中①Yw-4菌株;②Sw-3菌株;③Cw-5菌株。
图5:各菌株5天内酶活力的测定及木糖标准曲线,其中左边是酶活力的测定、右边是木糖标准曲线。
图6:各菌株5天内胞外总蛋白质体积的测定及BSA标准蛋白质曲线,其中左边是胞外总蛋白质体积的测定、右边是BSA标准蛋白质曲线。
图7:各菌株的PCR电泳条带。
图8:各菌株的系统发育树。
【具体实施方式】
本说明书中公开的所有特征,或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤,除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外,均可以以任何方式组合。
本说明书(包括任何附加权利要求、摘要)中公开的任一特征,除非特别叙述,每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。
培养基及配制如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
富集培养基(g/L):果壳粉10g,NaCl 0.5g,MgSO4 0.5g,(NH4)2SO4 3.0g,KH2PO41.0g,CaCl2 0.3g,微量元素溶液1mL。
分离培养基(g/L):果壳粉10g,酵母浸粉4.5g,K2HPO4 2.0g,(NH4)2SO4 3.0g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.4g,NaCl 5.0g,琼脂20g。
PDA培养基(g/L):马铃薯浸出粉12g,葡萄糖20g,琼脂14g。
木聚糖初筛培养基(g/L):木聚糖10g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g,KH2PO4 2.0g,NaCl0.2g,CaCl2 0.1g,(NH4)2SO4 2.5g,琼脂粉15g。
无机盐培养液(g/L):KH2PO4 1.0g,NaCl 0.1g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.3g,(NH4)2SO42.5g,CaCl2 0.1g,微量元素溶液1mL。
保藏/种子培养基(g/L):牛肉浸粉3g,蛋白胨10g,NaCl 5g(平板则加琼脂15g)。微量元素溶液(g/100ml):FeSO4·7H2O 0.005g,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.014g,MnSO4·H2O 0.016g,CoCl2·6H2O 0.02g(溶解后备用,在使用时微量元素溶液的加入量为1L培养基加1mL微量元素溶液)。
木糖:合肥巴斯夫生物科技有限公司;
木聚糖:合肥巴斯夫生物科技有限公司;
3,5-二硝基水杨酸显色剂(DNS溶液):PHYGENE;
乳酸酚蓝染色剂盒青岛海博生物;
Bradford蛋白浓度测定试剂盒PHYGENE;
Ezup柱式真菌基因组DNA抽提试剂盒生工股份有限公司;
SanPrep柱式DNAJ胶回收试剂盒生工股份有限公司。
实施例:1
塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)菌株Yw-4菌株的筛选
具体步骤如下:
样品采集于广西科技大学板栗林中的腐烂的土壤(0-20cm)、腐木质、腐烂板栗,装于自封袋中;油茶果壳用热水浸泡清洗后,粉碎,用60目筛子过滤,用三角瓶盛装,经121℃、15min高压蒸汽灭菌,在烘箱105℃烘干,密封保存
先称取样品5g,倒入至事先准备好的有玻璃珠50mL无菌水且规格为250mL三角瓶中,放置于已设置150r/min的全温摇床中震荡30min,为使样品沉降,再室温静置5-10min,最后吸取上部悬浊液5mL至富集培养基的三角瓶内,30℃恒温摇床培养3d。
待液体富集培养基出现肉眼可见的浑浊时,加入1mL富集菌液贮入盛有9mL无菌水的试管中,按照梯度稀释法用无菌水连续梯度稀释出10-1-10-3,再把已稀释好的溶液中各吸取200μL,在果壳粉分离培养基上表面轻轻地涂布均匀,10-2-10-3梯度做2个平行,置于30℃恒温培养箱内培养。待长出菌群后,把细菌和真菌分别纯化,挑取真菌选用点种法至PDA培养基,若有其它杂菌混杂,就需要再一次进行分离、纯化直到获得纯的菌株。
将筛选得到的真菌点种于PDA培养基平板上,30℃培养2d后记录其菌落大小、颜色、质地等特征;制片真菌乳酸石炭酸-棉兰染色观察菌丝及孢子丝形态,操作步骤按试剂盒的说明书进行。
由于分离培养基使用的碳源是未经处理的油茶果壳粉,油茶果壳粉主要成分有半纤维素,推测在这种培养基上快速生长的菌都具有潜在的产半纤维素酶的能力,因此将这些菌株作为筛选对象。真菌在降解油茶果壳粉的过程中,首先吸附在油茶果壳粉的端部,菌丝由端部向内延伸,分泌木质纤维素降解酶,然后由内向外降解油茶果壳粉。油茶果壳降解菌的富集结果如图1。可见,Yw-4菌株能降解油茶果壳的能力。
由图1可知,相比于空白对照组,原材料为腐烂板栗的处理组在平板表面长着一层淡白色绒毛状不规则的霉菌,黑色颗粒状斑点密集地覆盖在平板上,总体菌落形态比较单一,而原材料为腐烂软化树枝的处理组的平板边缘处覆盖着一层白色的蛛网状霉菌,在此霉菌生长处淡白色块状菌株不生长,可能是由于菌株间的拮抗作用导致。不同于前两个处理组,原材料为腐烂堆积土壤的处理组整体菌落形态比较多样,绿色的霉菌呈扇形状稀疏地生长,与淡蓝色块状霉菌接壤,且都能与淡白色的霉菌共同生长。然而,淡白色的霉菌在油茶果壳粉平板生长中占优势地位,因此其对油茶果壳的利用率可能最高。
实验将挑选出3株真菌在PDA培养基上进行分离纯化,通过时间变化来观察真菌的生长状态及菌落形态。真菌的分离纯化结果如图2。
由图2可知,Yw-4菌株在第3天菌落边缘白色整齐,中间肉眼可见许多毛状物黑色的分生孢子群,菌落中间皱褶裂叶状;第5天白色边缘逐渐变黑,中心略微凹陷,同心环状,整体形成茸毯状质地;第7天菌落覆盖整个平板,表面最终呈黑褐色,白色气生菌丝形成致密的疱状物隆起于培养基表面。
Sw-3菌株在第3天菌落白色卵圆形,分生孢子分为上下两层,中间隆起蓬松成簇;第5天菌落产孢蔟平展,白色变为淡黄色,中间有一圈少量的放射状褶皱;第7天下层变为深黄色,白色气生菌丝绒毛状蔓延生长于上层。
Cw-5菌株在第3天菌落中间呈蛋黄色粉末状,质地干燥,有浅绿色的分生孢子围绕,边缘菌丝体为白色;第5天菌落圆形整齐平展,绿色变棕色;第7天菌落厚实暗棕色,中心凹陷密集,由内而外呈深色至浅色的变化。
微生物的微观形态检验,可根据染色、镜检等结果快速镜检能够得到有效的诊断参考依据,同时,乳酸棉兰染色的涂片能够清楚的观察到孢子、菌丝,对于真菌、寄生虫和异型细胞同样具有鉴别作用。微观形态结果如图3。
由图3可知,Yw-4分生孢子头球形至辐射形,产孢结构双层,分生孢子梗短,黄褐色且色深,树枝状分叉,顶生分生孢子,有纵横隔膜。分生孢子串珠状,表面光滑,球形;
Sw-3分生孢子梗呈枝状排列,上对生或互生分枝,分生孢子梗主分枝长,次级分枝短,分枝繁复,终而形成似松柏式的分枝轮廓,分枝的末端即为小梗,束生、对生或互生状小梗。分生孢子由小梗相继生出聚成孢子头,椭圆形,较小;
Cw-5分生孢子头柱状,幼时青绿色,老熟时变为暗绿色至黑褐色。分生孢子梗短,表面平滑,常为绿色。顶囊瓶状,孢梗茎较长,产孢结构单层,分生孢子近球形,壁粗糙。
实施例2:
塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)菌株Yw-4菌株的鉴定、特性
将初筛菌株点种于木聚糖培养基平板上,每株点3个重复,以未点菌平板为对照,30℃培养,观察第3天是否有透明圈出现,有透明圈出现的菌即可初步认为是半纤维素降解菌,并测量水解圈的直径D(mm)及菌落的直径d(mm),并计算D/d值。
第3天各菌株的酶活力初步测定结果和透明圈状态如表1与图4。
由图4可知,一般透明圈出现越早,酶类产生也越早;透明圈越清晰,说明半纤维素降解越彻底,酶类也就越齐全。
表1第3天菌株的初步酶活力测定结果
由表1可知,在第3天里Yw-4,其透明圈直径达35.3mm。菌落直径相比于透明圈直径,生长水平较低,从D/d的比值中可知。
但透明圈大小不能完全代表酶活力,其原因可能是发酵时间和酶作用温度,不一定是3株菌株各自的最佳产酶时间和最适作用温度,或3株菌株具有差异较大的半纤维素酶系,所以液体发酵复筛必不可少。
复筛具体操作如下:
木糖标准曲线的制作是配制1mg/mL木糖标准溶液,分别量取0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0mL木糖标准溶液,用蒸馏水补至2mL,再加入1.5mL DNS,沸水浴5min,蒸馏水定容至25mL,冷却至室温,测定OD540的值,绘制木糖标准曲线。
将菌株接种到含100mL的种子培养基的三角瓶中,30℃,150r/min,摇床振荡培养2d,在100mL无机盐培养液(加入1%木聚糖)接种1%的种子液,30℃,150r/min,摇床振荡培养,取发酵液于12000r/min离心10min得到粗酶液。
含pH 4.8的柠檬酸缓冲液的1.8mL 1%木聚糖底物,加入0.2mL适当稀释的粗酶液(标准空白样加蒸馏水),50℃水浴反应10min,加入1.5mLDNS溶液终止反应,沸水浴10min,用蒸馏水定容至25mL,冷却至室温并充分摇匀,测定OD540的值。50℃、pH 4.8条件下,以1mL酶溶液分解1%木聚糖,每分钟释放1μmoL木糖当量的酶量定义为单位酶活。
式中,U为样品酶活力(U/mL);b、a通过木糖的回归方程求得;x为反应的吸光度;n为稀释倍数;M为木糖摩尔质量(150.2g/moL);t为酶解反应时间;v为粗酶液体积。
1、不同时间下酶活力的测定
设置5个培养时间1d、2d、3d、4d、5d,各处理组在30℃、150r/min摇床中恒温培养,每隔1d取样,每次取2mL发酵液,按上述方法测定上清液活力。
粗酶是木质纤维素生物质酶解和各种其他生物技术应用中最有前途的候选酶。
从图5中可以看出,摇瓶发酵结果显示第5天为3株菌株的酶活力最高值,分别为215.81U/mL、177.66U/mL和190.00U/mL。
2、不同时间下胞外总蛋白质含量的测定
设置5个培养时间1d、2d、3d、4d、5d,每隔1d取样,每次取2mL发酵液,12000r/min离心10min,使用Bradford蛋白浓度测定法,利用紫外分光光度计制作0.2mg/ml BSA标准蛋白质的曲线,测定0.5mL适当稀释上清液的OD595。操作步骤按试剂盒的说明书进行。
从图6中可以看出,摇瓶发酵结果显示蛋白质的表达量在第2和第3天达到顶峰。
3、菌株产酶对油茶果壳的糖化效果测定
将木聚糖作为发酵碳源与无机盐培养基一起蒸汽高压灭菌后,接种1%的种子液,30℃,150r/min下,将筛选出的3株产半纤维素酶菌株进行发酵培养到酶活力最大的天数,对其发酵液进行10000r/min离心10min,制取半纤维素粗酶液。然后将1.5mL粗酶液加入到含油茶果壳粉5.0g的250mL的三角瓶(含有50mL柠檬酸酸缓冲液)中50℃水浴处理48h,采用DNS法测量其水解液木糖含量,因为粗酶液中也含有少量木糖,所以处理前的三角瓶中也含有少量的木糖。
N0=N2--N1
式中,N0为实际木糖的产量/mL;N1为粗酶液中的木糖含量/mL;N2为水解液中的木糖含量/mL。
表2各菌株糖化效果的测定
从表2可以得知,3株菌株的粗酶液在50℃、48h条件下,分别糖化产生了2.000mL、1.528mL和2.027mL木糖。
4、菌株分子生物学鉴定
菌株DNA的提取按Ezup柱式真菌基因组DNA抽提试剂盒的实验步骤进行。
ITS1引物为TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG;ITS4引物为TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC,扩增序列为内转录间隔区1和2,扩增长度为600bp左右。PCR反应体系共25μL,10X PCR Buffer、dNTP(each 10mM)、Taq Plus DNA Polymerase(5U/μl)、50mM MgSO4共12.5μL;引物F(10μM)、引物R(10μM)和Template(DNA)各1μL;ddH2O 9.5μL。PCR的循环体系为95℃5min预变性;94℃30s,57℃30s,72℃90s进行30cycle;72℃10min修复延伸。
1.5%琼脂糖凝胶,1x TAE,150V,100mA,20min电泳观察,目的条带用手术刀切下,按SanPrep柱式DNA胶回收试剂盒的说明书操作。
基因测序及比对分析由中国生工生物工程(上海)集团公司取样检测。将菌株的ITS序列在NCBI数据库中,进行与Blast序列比对和相似性的解析,并利用Mega X软件程序进行聚类分析和建立系统的进化树。
从图8对比结果显示,构建系统发育树(图3),Yw-4菌株与NR 103604.1Aspergilus costaricensis CBS 115574 ITS region from TYPE matenial的16S rDNA同源性为99%,鉴定Yw-4菌株属于曲霉菌属。
Sw-3菌株与NR 174891.1 Trichoderma aquaica YMF 1.04625ITS region fromTYPE material的16S rDNA同源性为99%,鉴定Sw-3菌株属于木霉菌属。
Cw-5菌株与NR 135407.1 Aspergilus lentulus NRRL 35552 ITS region fromTYPE material的16S rDNA同源性为99%,鉴定Cw-5菌株属于曲霉菌属。
筛选得到Yw-4送至保藏中心,经过保藏信息如下:一株塔宾曲霉(Aspergillustubingensis)菌株Yw-4,已经在2022年7月4日日保藏在广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC),保藏编号为GDMCC No.62598,保藏地址为:中国广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼。
从上述结果中的上清液(塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)菌株Yw-4发酵液)的木聚糖酶活力为215.81U/mL,证明该发酵液为木聚糖酶,也称为液态木聚糖酶制剂。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (6)
1.塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)菌株Yw-4,其保藏编号为GDMCC No.62598,保藏日期:2022年7月4日,保藏地址为:中国广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼,保藏单位:广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC)。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)菌株Yw-4在制备木聚糖酶或木聚糖酶制剂中的应用。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)菌株Yw-4在降解茶油果壳中的应用。
4.一种产木聚糖酶的方法,是发酵权利要求1所述的塔宾曲霉(Aspergillustubingensis)菌株Yw-4,收集发酵产物,即得到木聚糖酶。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述发酵的条件为在30℃、150r/min,培养3-7天。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述发酵采用的发酵培养基的组分如下:每升所述发酵培养基由木聚糖10g,KH2PO41.0g,NaCl 0.1g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.3g,(NH4)2SO42.5g,CaCl20.1g和水组成,用水补足体积;所述发酵培养基pH值为4.8。
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