CN115395049A - Heat dissipation system and method for cogeneration of household fuel cell - Google Patents
Heat dissipation system and method for cogeneration of household fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN115395049A CN115395049A CN202210967744.5A CN202210967744A CN115395049A CN 115395049 A CN115395049 A CN 115395049A CN 202210967744 A CN202210967744 A CN 202210967744A CN 115395049 A CN115395049 A CN 115395049A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat dissipation system and a method for cogeneration of household fuel cells, wherein the heat dissipation system comprises a fuel cell stack unit, a heat recovery unit and a heat recovery unit, wherein the fuel cell stack unit is used for recovering heat generated by a fuel cell stack; the heat exchange and radiation unit is used for utilizing the heat recovered by the fuel cell stack unit, and the fuel cell stack unit is connected with the heat exchange and radiation unit through a heat exchanger; the fuel cell stack unit and the heat exchange and radiation unit are arranged to cool the fuel cell, and meanwhile, heat generated by the fuel cell stack is recycled, so that hot water is provided for users, and energy waste is avoided; the fuel cell stack can be connected with and disconnected from a heat dissipation system by using a temperature control valve through detecting the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet; the system can avoid resource waste caused by that other parts in the system are always in an idle running state, and has the advantages of small volume, high reliability, stable running, no noise and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat dissipation of household fuel cells, in particular to a heat dissipation system and a heat dissipation method for cogeneration of household fuel cells.
Background
The fuel cell converts the chemical energy of the fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction and simultaneously generates heat, if the temperature is higher, the normal operation of the fuel cell can be seriously influenced, and even the phenomena of membrane dehydration, dry cracking and the like occur, so that the timely heat dissipation is very necessary when the fuel cell works.
At present, the fuel cell stack generally adopts air-cooled heat dissipation, and after the cooling liquid is dissipated through a fan, the cooling liquid takes away the heat in the fuel cell stack, so that the heat dissipation and cooling effects are achieved when the fuel cell works. Although the household combined heat and power generation system based on the fuel cell adopts the air-cooled radiator to cool the fuel cell stack, the problems of heat waste, poor system reliability, noise generation during the work of a fan and the like can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a heat dissipation system and a heat dissipation method for cogeneration of household fuel cells, which can dissipate and effectively treat a large amount of heat generated by a fuel cell stack during operation, avoid the influence of overhigh temperature of the fuel cells on the working efficiency of the fuel cell stack, and simultaneously fully utilize the heat generated by the stack to heat household cooling water, thereby avoiding the waste of energy.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect of the present invention, a heat radiation system for cogeneration of household fuel cells, comprising:
the fuel cell stack unit is used for recovering heat generated by the fuel cell stack and comprises a fuel cell stack, a liquid cooling block is arranged on the fuel cell stack, and an outlet of the liquid cooling block, a temperature sensor, a temperature control valve, a heat exchanger, a cooling liquid circulating pump and an inlet of the cooling block are sequentially connected to form a cooling liquid loop;
the heat exchange and radiation unit is used for utilizing heat recovered by the fuel cell stack unit, and the flow control valve, the circulating water pump, the heat exchanger and the water storage tank are sequentially connected to form a flow pipeline of cooling water;
and the fuel cell stack unit is connected with the heat exchange and radiation unit through a heat exchanger.
In some embodiments of the present invention, three or more main flow channels of the cooling liquid are provided inside the liquid-cooling block, each main flow channel is composed of four sub flow channels which are spaced from each other by 3-5cm, and the cooling liquid flow channels are filled with the cooling liquid.
In some embodiments of the invention, a filter is disposed in the coolant circuit, the filter being disposed between the temperature control valve and the heat exchanger.
In some embodiments of the invention, the heat exchanger is one of a single-stage heat exchanger, a double-stage heat exchanger, or a multi-stage heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the coolant and the cooling water.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature control valve is opened or closed according to a temperature detected by a temperature sensor.
In some embodiments of the invention, a temperature sensor is disposed on the fuel cell stack for monitoring the temperature of the fuel cell stack.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the flow control valve adjusts the flow rate of the cooling water according to the temperature of the fuel cell stack.
In some embodiments of the invention, the water storage tank is connected to a user for providing hot water to the user.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat dissipation method for cogeneration of a home fuel cell, comprising: when the temperature of the fuel cell stack rises, the liquid cooling block cools the fuel cell stack, the temperature of cooling liquid in the liquid cooling block rises, heat exchange is carried out between the cooling liquid and cooling water in the heat exchanger, the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced, and the temperature of the cooling water rises; the cooling liquid with the reduced temperature returns to the cooling block again to cool the fuel cell stack, and the cooling water with the increased temperature enters the water storage tank to provide hot water for users.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat dissipation method further includes controlling a temperature control valve and a flow control valve, specifically:
the temperature sensor at the outlet of the cooling block feeds the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid back to the temperature control valve in real time, and if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than a preset value, the temperature control valve is closed without heat dissipation; if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor reaches a preset value, the temperature control valve is opened and is in a heat dissipation state;
the temperature sensor on the fuel cell stack feeds the temperature of the fuel cell stack back to the flow control valve in real time, and the flow control valve automatically adjusts the flow of the cooling water inlet exchanging heat with the heat exchanger according to the feedback signal of the temperature sensor.
One or more technical schemes of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The fuel cell stack is cooled by arranging the cooling block, heat transfer is mainly carried out in a heat conduction and convection mode in the cooling process, solid-solid heat conduction is carried out between the liquid cooling block and the stack, and heat exchange efficiency is improved in multiple heat exchange modes through solid-liquid convection heat exchange between the liquid cooling block and internal cooling liquid. The structure of the liquid cooling block adopted by the invention has the characteristics of better fluid resistance property, smaller liquid pressure loss and the like, and the heat transfer performance is more excellent.
(2) The heat exchange and radiation unit in the system can utilize the cooling liquid to cool the fuel cell stack, and can automatically adjust the flow of the cooling water to the heat exchanger according to the working temperature of the stack, thereby ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the fuel cell stack. In addition, the heat generated by the fuel cell stack during operation can heat cooling water, so that hot water is provided for users, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is greatly improved.
(3) The heat dissipation system can automatically adjust the on-off state between the fuel cell stack unit and the heat exchange heat dissipation unit according to the outlet temperature of the cooling block, if the fuel cell stack needs to be stopped, maintained and repaired or is in a just-started state and does not need heat dissipation, the fuel cell stack is disconnected from the system, and resource waste caused by the fact that other components in the system are always in an idle running state can be avoided.
(4) The liquid cooling block adopted in the system is arranged on one side of the fuel cell stack and is in good contact with the stack; and the system mainly comprises integrated elements, so the system has the advantage of small volume and is very suitable for places such as family houses, hotels, apartments and the like.
(5) The cooling system of the invention adopts a cooling block and a heat exchanger to replace a cooling fan, so that the cooling system does not generate noise when working, and the cooling system is more reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a heat dissipation system for cogeneration of a household fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack unit in the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange and dissipation unit in the system of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid-cooled block of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 fuel cell stack unit, 101 fuel cell stack, 102 liquid cooling block, 103 temperature sensor, 104 temperature control valve, 105 filter, 106 cooling liquid circulating pump, 2 heat exchange and heat dissipation unit, 201 heat exchanger, 202 circulating water pump, 203 flow control valve, 204 water storage tank.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
For convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a heat dissipation system for cogeneration of household fuel cells is provided, as shown in fig. 1, including a fuel cell stack unit 1 and a heat exchange and dissipation unit 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell stack unit 1 includes a fuel cell stack 101, a liquid cooling block 102 is installed on the fuel cell stack 101, an outlet of the liquid cooling block, a temperature sensor 103, a temperature control valve 104, a filter 105, a heat exchanger 201, a cooling liquid circulation pump 106, and an inlet of the cooling block are sequentially connected to form a cooling liquid loop, and the fuel cell stack unit 1 is configured to cool the fuel cell stack, that is, to recover heat generated by the fuel cell stack 101.
As shown in fig. 4, the cooling block 102 is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet, three or more cooling liquid main channels are arranged inside the cooling block, each main channel is composed of four sub-channels spaced 3-5cm apart from each other, the cooling liquid channels are filled with cooling liquid, the cooling liquid flows in the cooling block in an S-shape, the flow path and the flow time of the cooling liquid in the cooling block are increased, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the heat exchange area between the cooling liquid and the cooling block is increased by arranging a plurality of sub-channels in the main channels, so that the heat exchange efficiency is further improved. Every corner of liquid cooling piece passes through the bolt and is connected with the fuel cell pile, has filled silica gel material heat conduction gasket between liquid cooling piece and the fuel cell pile, and heat conduction gasket and fuel cell pile and liquid cooling piece contact well, and the cooling piece adopts the aluminium material, has better heat conductivility, and the coolant liquid that uses is low conductivity ethylene glycol coolant liquid, has anticorrosive nature and charge growth inhibitory property, and the conductivity is less than 10us/cm.
The temperature sensor 103 is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the cooling liquid and used for monitoring the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid in real time and feeding the measured temperature back to the temperature control valve 104, the temperature control valve 104 is a pair of control valves which are respectively arranged on an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline of the cooling block, the temperature control valve 104 controls the opening or closing of the valves according to the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid and is used for realizing the disconnection and connection between the fuel cell stack unit 1 and the heat exchange and radiation unit 2, when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 103 is lower than a preset value, the temperature control valve 104 is closed, the fuel cell stack 101 is disconnected with a radiation system, and at the moment, the stack is in a just-started state and does not need radiation; if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 103 reaches a predetermined value, the temperature control valve 104 is opened, and the fuel cell stack 101 is connected to the heat dissipation system, and the system is operated in the fuel cell stack heat dissipation state.
The valve core of the temperature control valve is in a normally open state, and when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the cooling water outlet is lower than a preset value, the valve core of the temperature control valve is closed; and the temperature control valve has a manual reset function.
The filter 105 is arranged on a pipeline between the temperature control valve 104 and the heat exchanger 201 and used for filtering impurities in the cooling liquid and removing ions in the cooling liquid, the battery cooling liquid is continuously circulated in the process of cooling the storage battery, the ions in the cooling liquid are continuously accumulated and increased, so that the electrical conductivity of the battery cooling liquid is enhanced, if the ions are not properly separated, destructive corrosion can be caused to peripheral parts, and further, the use cost is increased due to the replacement of related parts, therefore, the filter is arranged on the circulating pipeline of the cooling liquid, and a certain protection effect can be played on the fuel cell stack 101 and a system pipeline.
In some embodiments, the heat exchanger is one of a single-stage heat exchanger, a double-stage heat exchanger, or a multi-stage heat exchanger, and is used for heat exchange between the cooling liquid and the cooling water, that is, connection between the cooling liquid loop and the cooling water loop is realized.
The cooling liquid circulating pump 106 is used for realizing the circulation of the cooling liquid, and further realizing the indirect continuous cooling of the fuel cell stack by the cooling liquid.
The circulation process of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack unit 1 is as follows: the low-temperature cooling liquid cools the cooling block, and then cools down the fuel cell galvanic pile, and the temperature of coolant liquid risees and carries out the heat transfer with the cooling water in temperature sensor, temperature control valve, the filter entering heat exchanger, and the coolant liquid temperature after the heat transfer reduces, gets into the liquid cold block again under the effect of coolant liquid circulating pump and cools down the fuel cell galvanic pile, and this process is constantly circulated and is gone on.
As shown in fig. 3, the heat exchange and dissipation unit 2 is configured to dissipate heat absorbed by the coolant by using heat recovered by the fuel cell stack unit, and the flow control valve 203, the circulating water pump 202, the heat exchanger 201, and the water storage tank 204 are sequentially connected to form a flow pipeline of the coolant.
The cooling water pipeline is communicated with a tap water pipeline, and tap water is adopted as cooling water.
The fuel cell stack 101 is provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the fuel cell stack, and the flow control valve 203 can adjust the flow of the cooling water inlet according to the temperature of the fuel cell stack 101 detected by the temperature sensor, so as to ensure the heat exchange efficiency of the fuel cell stack.
The circulating water pump 202 is used for sending cooling water to the heat exchanger 201 to exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the circulating water pump may be a booster pump.
The water storage tank 204 is used for storing the cooling water with the increased temperature, and is connected with a hot water supply pipeline of a user for supplying hot water to the user.
The flowing process of the cooling water in the heat exchange and radiation unit is as follows: the cooling water from the tap water pipeline enters the heat exchanger to exchange heat with the cooling liquid under the action of the circulating water pump, the temperature of the cooling water after heat exchange is increased to become hot water, the hot water enters the water storage tank to be stored, and when a user needs the hot water, hot water is provided for the user.
In the embodiment, the fuel cell stack unit and the heat exchange and dissipation unit form an integral heat dissipation system through the heat exchanger, so that the fuel cell stack is cooled, heat generated by the fuel cell stack is used for providing hot water for users, the combined heat and power generation of the fuel cell is realized, and the energy waste is avoided.
Example 2
In a typical embodiment of the invention, a heat dissipation method for cogeneration of household fuel cells is provided, when the temperature of a fuel cell stack rises, a liquid cooling block cools the fuel cell stack, the temperature of cooling liquid in the liquid cooling block rises, heat exchange is carried out between the liquid cooling block and cooling water in a heat exchanger, the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced, and the temperature of the cooling water rises; the cooling liquid with the reduced temperature returns to the cooling block again to cool the fuel cell stack, and the cooling water with the increased temperature enters the water storage tank to provide hot water for users.
Further, the heat dissipation method further comprises controlling the temperature control valve and the flow control valve, specifically:
the temperature sensor at the outlet of the cooling block feeds the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid back to the temperature control valve in real time, and if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than a preset value, the temperature control valve is closed without heat dissipation; if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor reaches a preset value, the temperature control valve is opened and is in a heat dissipation state;
the temperature sensor on the fuel cell stack feeds the temperature of the fuel cell stack back to the flow control valve in real time, and the flow control valve automatically adjusts the flow of the cooling water inlet exchanging heat with the heat exchanger according to the feedback signal of the temperature sensor.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heat removal system for cogeneration of household fuel cells, comprising:
the fuel cell stack unit is used for recovering heat generated by the fuel cell stack and comprises a fuel cell stack, a liquid cooling block is arranged on the fuel cell stack, and an outlet of the liquid cooling block, a temperature sensor, a temperature control valve, a heat exchanger, a cooling liquid circulating pump and an inlet of the cooling block are sequentially connected to form a cooling liquid loop;
the heat exchange and radiation unit is used for utilizing heat recovered by the fuel cell stack unit, and the flow control valve, the circulating water pump, the heat exchanger and the water storage tank are sequentially connected to form a flow pipeline of cooling water;
the fuel cell stack unit is connected with the heat exchange and radiation unit through a heat exchanger.
2. The heat dissipation system for cogeneration of household fuel cells as defined in claim 1, wherein the liquid-cooling block is provided therein with three or more main flow channels of the cooling liquid, each main flow channel is composed of four sub flow channels spaced 3-5cm apart from each other, and the cooling liquid flow channels are filled with the cooling liquid.
3. A domestic fuel cell cogeneration heat sink system according to claim 1, wherein a filter is disposed in the coolant loop, the filter being disposed between the temperature control valve and the heat exchanger.
4. The heat removal system for cogeneration from a home fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is one of a single-stage heat exchanger, a double-stage heat exchanger, or a multi-stage heat exchanger for heat exchange between the coolant and the cooling water.
5. The heat dissipation system for cogeneration of household fuel cells as defined in claim 1, wherein the temperature control valve is opened or closed in accordance with the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.
6. The heat removal system for cogeneration of household fuel cells as in claim 1, wherein the fuel cell stack is provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the fuel cell stack.
7. The heat removal system for cogeneration of home fuel cells of claim 6, wherein the flow control valve adjusts the flow rate of the cooling water according to the temperature of the fuel cell stack.
8. The system for heat removal for cogeneration from a home fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the storage tank is connected to a user for providing hot water to the user.
9. A heat dissipation method for cogeneration of household fuel cells is realized by adopting the heat dissipation system for cogeneration of household fuel cells as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized in that when the temperature of a fuel cell stack rises, a liquid cooling block cools the fuel cell stack, the temperature of cooling liquid in the liquid cooling block rises, heat exchange is carried out with cooling water in a heat exchanger, the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced, and the temperature of the cooling water rises; the cooling liquid with the reduced temperature returns to the cooling block again to cool the fuel cell stack, and the cooling water with the increased temperature enters the water storage tank to provide hot water for users.
10. A heat removal method for cogeneration using a home fuel cell as defined in claim 9, further comprising controlling the temperature control valve and the flow control valve, specifically:
the temperature sensor at the outlet of the cooling block feeds the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid back to the temperature control valve in real time, and if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than a preset value, the temperature control valve is closed without heat dissipation; if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor reaches a preset value, the temperature control valve is opened and is in a heat dissipation state;
the temperature sensor on the fuel cell stack feeds the temperature of the fuel cell stack back to the flow control valve in real time, and the flow control valve automatically adjusts the flow of the cooling water inlet exchanging heat with the heat exchanger according to the feedback signal of the temperature sensor.
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| CN202210967744.5A CN115395049A (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-12 | Heat dissipation system and method for cogeneration of household fuel cell |
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| CN202210967744.5A CN115395049A (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-12 | Heat dissipation system and method for cogeneration of household fuel cell |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116031436A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-04-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Household hydrogen fuel cell heat recovery system and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116031436A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-04-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Household hydrogen fuel cell heat recovery system and method |
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