CN115385884B - 马齿苋中一种新色酮醇类的提取分离方法及其应用 - Google Patents
马齿苋中一种新色酮醇类的提取分离方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药提取、分离领域,尤其涉及从马齿苋中提取、分离和鉴别出的新色酮醇类化合物及其提取分离方法。所述的新化合物,分子式为C17H14O6,命名为3,6,7‑trihydroxy‑2‑(1‑(4‑hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)‑4H‑chromen‑4‑one。还提供上述新化合物的提取分离方法,依次采用乙醇回流提取、硅胶柱层析、聚酰胺柱层析、ODS中压柱、Sephadex LH‑20柱层析和UPLC制备,成功的提取分离出一种新的色酮醇类化合物。其结构由质谱,碳谱,氢谱及二维核磁波谱解析的方法确定。该新化合物具有抗炎及抗氧化作用,本发明新化合物及其盐或衍生物可以作为其他化合物合成先导物,以及新药开发和药理活性研究的原料,用于制备抗炎、抗氧化的药物或保健品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药提取、分离领域,尤其涉及从马齿苋药材中提取、分离和鉴别出的新化合物及其提取分离方法。
背景技术
马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.),又名马苋菜、长命菜、蚂蚁菜,为马齿苋科一年生草本植物。马齿苋分布广泛,资源丰富,是我国卫生部规定的78种药食同源的野生植物之一。马齿苋收载于2020版《中华人民共和国药典》,具有清热解毒、凉血止血、止痢等功效,用于热毒血痢、痈肿疔疮、湿疹、丹毒、蛇虫咬伤、便血、痔血、崩漏下血等。
马齿苋现代药理学研究表明,其具有抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、降血压、降血脂、抗氧化、抗癌、抗肿瘤、松弛骨骼肌和平滑肌、调节免疫功能等作用。马齿苋主要化学成分包括黄酮类、香豆素、萜类、甾类、生物碱、氨基酸、木脂素类、挥发油、多糖、各种色素类和矿物质类等为其多样的药理作用提供了物质基础。其中黄酮类化合物是马齿苋中一类主要的化学成分,目前已报道的黄酮类成分有芹菜素-4′-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷、橙皮苷和山柰酚、portulacanone A-D、芹菜素(apigenin)、杨梅素(myricetin)、槲皮素(quercetin)、木犀草素(luteolin)、oleracone C-F、oleracone J和oleracone K。
目前从马齿苋中分离出的化学成分大多数是已知的,且结构新颖性较低,因此,对马齿苋中新化合物的开发和分离是亟待需要的。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供从马齿苋中提取分离的色酮醇类化合物,经研究发现本发明的新化合物具有抗炎、抗氧化的作用,同时提供一种针对本发明新化合物的简便、快速、环保、纯度高的提取分离方法。
为实现本发明的上述目的,本发明提供一种从马齿苋药材中分离出的色酮醇类化合物,分子式为C17H14O6,命名为3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one,化学结构式为:
为实现本发明的上述目的,本发明还提供一种马齿苋中新色酮醇类化合物的提取分离方法,具体步骤为:
步骤1、取马齿苋干燥药材,采用乙醇回流提取,醇提液滤过,合并滤液减压浓缩,放凉至室温,得药液备用;
步骤2、将步骤1中药液蒸干后上硅胶柱,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,减压回收乙酸乙酯至浸膏,得到乙酸乙酯提取物;
步骤3、将步骤2中乙酸乙酯提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用乙醇-水梯度洗脱,80%乙醇部分蒸干后上硅胶柱,依次用乙酸乙酯-甲醇梯度洗脱得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,合并显色的洗脱部位,将合并后的洗脱部位经减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤4、将步骤3中所得物经预处理的ODS柱(Octadecylsilyl,十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶填料)层析分离,用甲醇-水梯度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将各显色的洗脱部位分别减压浓缩至干,得到浓缩物备用;
步骤5、将步骤4中所得物再经预处理的葡聚糖凝胶柱(Sephadex LH-20)层析分离,用甲醇等度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,合并显色的洗脱部位,将合并后的洗脱部位经减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤6、对步骤5中所得浓缩物进行HPLC(高效液相)分离制备,以甲醇:0.1%甲酸作为流动相,制备得到本发明所述化合物。
所述ODS与葡聚糖凝胶的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24小时,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果。
本发明中所述马齿苋新色酮醇类化合物的分离和药理活性研究未被现有论文期刊所报道;本发明提供来源于马齿苋的新色酮醇类化合物及一种针对本发明新化合物的提取分离方法,依次采用乙醇回流提取、硅胶柱层析、聚酰胺柱、ODS中压柱、Sephadex LH-20及高效液相色谱仪进行分离纯化与制备,成功提取分离出新化合物,该方法操作步骤仅为六步,操作方法简便及快速,提取分离过程主要采用乙醇提取及乙酸乙酯洗脱,工艺方法环保,且经该方法分离得到的化合物纯度较高均大于90%,此外经研究表明此化合物具有抗炎、抗氧化作用,因此本发明新化合物及其盐和衍生物可以作为其他化合物合成先导物,以及新药开发和药理活性研究的原料,亦可用于制备抗炎、抗氧化的药物。
附图说明
图1为本发明新化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one的高分辨质谱图。
图2为本发明新化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one的1H-NMR光谱图。
图3为本发明新化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one的13C-NMR光谱图。
图4为本发明新化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one的DEPT135光谱图。
图5为本发明新化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one的1H-1H COSY光谱图。
图6为本发明新化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one的HMBC光谱图。
图7为本发明新化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one的HSQC光谱图。
图8为本发明新化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one的ROESY光谱图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供新化合物,分子式为C17H14O6,命名为3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one化学结式为:
所述新化合物根据结构命名为3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one,表1为该新化合物的核磁数据:1H-NMR与13C-NMR在氘代甲醇中。
表1:本发明新化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one的核磁数据
本发明化合物结构鉴定参阅图1-8。
3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one:淡黄色粉末,易溶于甲醇,不溶、微溶于水。点样于硅胶薄层板后,喷三氯化铁试液斑点呈青色,提示该化合物含有酚羟基,UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS给出m/z:313.0719 [M-H]-的准分子离子峰,分子量为313.0719。结合1H-NMR,13C-NMR以及DEPT数据,推测该化合物可能的分子式为C17H14O6,不饱和度为11。13C-NMR谱和DEPT谱显示17个碳信号,分别为1个甲基碳(δ:23.23)、1个次甲基碳(δ:38.69)、1个羰基碳(δ:181.91)、4个烯碳(δ:116.66;118.75;117.03;129.29)、8个季碳(6个连O的双键碳,δ:145.90;145.82;145.69;151.53;135.18;157.21。2个双键碳,δ:129.86;136.85)。
1H-NMR谱显示1个CH3信号为δ H1.57(3H,s);1个次甲基信号为δ H4.10(1H,q,J=6.84,14.28),4个烯氢信号分别为δ H7.50(1H,s),δ H6.54(1H,s),δ H6.90(2H,d,J=8.58)和δ H6.70(2H,d,J=8.58),H-2ʹ(δ H6.90)和H-3ʹ(δ H6.70)表明存在一个苯环的AABB系统。根据1H-1H COSY谱可知,H-12(δ H1.57)与H-11(δ H4.10)相关,H-2ʹ(δ H6.90)和H-3ʹ(δ H6.70)相关。根据HMBC谱相关峰表明,H-8(δ H6.54)与C-6(δ C145.09)和C-10(δ C129.86)相关,H-5(δ H7.50)与C-7(δ C151.53)和C-9(δ C135.18)相关,表明存在一个6,7,9,10-四取代的苯环。HMBC谱中还存在H-2ʹ与C-4ʹ(δ C157.21)和C-6ʹ(δ C129.29)相关,H-3ʹ(δ H6.70)与C-1ʹ(δ C136.85)和C-5ʹ(δ C117.03)相关,表明存在1ʹ,4ʹ-二取代苯环,并且为AABB系统。另外,HMBC谱中还显示出H-5与C-4(δ C181.91)相关,H-12与C-11(δ C38.69)、C-2(δ C145.90)和C-1ʹ(δ C136.85)相关,H-11与C-3(δ C145.82)、C-2ʹ(δ C129.29)和C-6ʹ(δ C129.29)相关。由于C-3、C-6、C-7和C-4ʹ的化学位移在低场,可以判断出其分别连接一个羟基。由此,根据以上信息,可确定此新化合物为上述结构。
本发明还提供上述化合物的提取分离方法,具体步骤为。
步骤1:称取马齿苋干燥药材150kg,采用50%乙醇回流提取,50%乙醇用量(v/v)为药材的10倍,回流提取两次,每次2h,醇提液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩至150L,放凉至室温,得药液备用。
步骤2:将步骤1中所得药液蒸干后经硅胶柱层析分离,用乙酸乙酯(120L)等度洗脱,其中硅胶为100-200目,40℃以下减压回收乙酸乙酯至浸膏,得到乙酸乙酯提取物。
步骤3:将步骤2中乙酸乙酯提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用乙醇-水(0/100,20/80,40/60,60/40,80/20,100/0,v/v)梯度洗脱,80%乙醇蒸干后经硅胶柱层析分离,其中硅胶为200~300目,依次用乙酸乙酯-甲醇(5:1、2:1、1:2、1:5,v:v)梯度洗脱,共得到20个部位(即共得到20个瓶,每瓶400mL),经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,合并显色的5~19洗脱部位,将合并后的5~19部位经40℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用。
步骤4:将步骤3中所得物再经预处理的ODS中压柱层析分离,其中填料粒度为20~40μm,用甲醇-水(40/60,60/40,80/20,100/0,v/v)梯度洗脱(加压,使流速为1mL/min,温度为室温),得到14个部位(即梯度洗脱得14个瓶,每瓶120mL),经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色的4~8部位保留,50℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用。
步骤5:将步骤4中所得物再经预处理的葡聚糖凝胶柱层析分离(Sephadex LH-20),用甲醇洗脱,得到30洗脱部位(即共得到30个瓶,每瓶50mL),经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色的14~18部位保留,50℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用。所述ODS与葡聚糖凝胶的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24h,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
步骤6:将步骤5中所得物经HPLC分离制备,以甲醇:0.1%甲酸(50:50,v/v)作为流动相,检测波长为210nm,280nm,分离制备得到本发明新化合物,归一法测定纯度均为90~99%。
本发明新色酮醇化合物的抗炎作用。
1 主要材料。
1.1 药品和试剂:实验所用的新色酮醇类化合物由上述方法制备,纯度为90~99%,精密称取,用DMSO稀释至下述各剂量组所需溶液。DMEM高糖培养基、胎牛血清(美国Hyclone公司);青霉素、链霉素(杭州四季青公司);LPS(美国Sigma公司);IL-6、TNF-α、PGE2的ELISA试剂盒(美国Cayman公司);细胞裂解液、Griess试剂(碧云天生物技术有限公司)。
1.2 细胞株:RAW264.7巨噬细胞(美国ATCC细胞库)。
1.3 分组:分为对照组、LPS组和实验组,各一组。
2 实验方法。
2.1 细胞培养:DMEM高糖培养基,加入l0%的胎牛血清,l%抗菌素(100U/mL青霉素和100μg/mL链霉素),置于37.5%,CO2培养箱中培养。
2.2 MTT比色法测定细胞活力:上述三组分别取对数生长期RAW264.7巨噬细胞接种于96孔培养板中,细胞密度为1×104个/mL,每孔100μL,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下培养过夜后,实验组加入不同浓度的本发明的新色酮醇类化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one(1-100μM),孵育1h后向LPS组和实验组分别加入终浓度为1μg/mL的LPS,另设调零组(含DMSO溶媒的培养液),每组设3个复孔,考察加入药物后对细胞的影响。上述各组细胞培养24h后,在各孔细胞中加入5mg/mL MTT 20μL,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下继续孵育4h后,终止培养,吸弃孔内液体,每孔加入100μL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),振荡10min,使细胞内结晶充分溶解,酶标仪570nm波长处测定各孔吸光值。
2.3 利用格里斯(Griess)法测定NO的含量,考察本发明新色酮醇化合物对LPS诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的NO产生量的抑制作用。小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7传代后在含10%胎牛血清的高糖细胞培养基DMEM中培养,实验组加入不同浓度的本发明新色酮醇类化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one(1-50μM),在37℃,5%CO2条件下孵育1h后用LPS(终浓度为1μg/mL)诱导炎症反应,24h后收集上清液,每组处理重复3孔。Griess法测定细胞上清液中NO的含量,根据不同浓度本发明新色酮醇化合物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞释放NO的影响,用以反映NO水平。
2.4 ELISA法测定炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α和炎症介质PGE2:将对数生长期RAW264.7巨噬细胞接种于24孔培养板中,细胞密度为1×105个/mL,每孔1mL,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下培养过夜,实验组加入本发明的新色酮醇类化合物3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one(1-50μM),培育1h后,在每孔加入LPS(终浓度为1μg/mL),共孵育24h,每组处理重复3孔。ELISA法测定马齿苋来源新色酮醇化合物处理后的RAW264.7巨噬细胞分泌的IL-6、TNF-α和PGE2的含量。
3 实验结果。
实验结果表明本发明的新色酮醇类化合物对LPS诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖无影响,安全无毒;并可有效抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7所产生过量炎症细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α和炎症介质NO、PGE2,且呈浓度依赖。
细胞相对存活率实验结果如表2所示。
表2:本发明对RAW264.7巨噬细胞相对存活率的影响
注:*P<0.05与对照组比较(高浓度组有显著性差异)。
利用格里斯(Griess)法测定NO的含量实验结果见表3。
表3:本发明对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞释放NO的影响(均数±标准差,n=3)
注:*P<0.05与对照组比较,#P<0.05与LPS组比较。
本发明新色酮醇化合物的抗氧化作用。
1 主要材料。
1.1 药品和试剂:实验所用新色酮醇化合物由上述方法制备,纯度为90~99%,精密称取,用甲醇稀释至下述各剂量组所需溶液。DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基)(Sigma-Fluka公司);BHA(叔丁基羟茴香醚)(上海祥瑞科技有限公司);甲醇,色谱纯(昌泰兴业有限公司)。
1.2 分组:分为对照组、实验组和空白组,各一组。
2 实验方法。
比色法测定消除DPPH自由基的能力:实验组取1mLDPPH溶液(126.80μM)加入到4mL比色皿中,再加入1mL不同浓度的3,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one(8.32,16.61,33.31,50.02,66.61μM);对照组取1mL甲醇溶液加入到4mL比色皿中,再加入1mL不同浓度的样品溶液;空白组取1mLDPPH溶液加入到4mL比色皿中,再加入1mL甲醇溶液。三组均充分混匀,室温避光静置10min,517nm下测定吸光度值,静置30min后,按同样方法操作。每个样品平均测定三次取平均值,阳性对照为不同浓度的BHA溶液。根据以下公式计算样品对DPPH自由基的清除率,并进一步计算其自由基清除率IC50值。
其中,A0为空白组的吸光度值;A1为样品组的吸光度值;A2为对照组的吸光度值。
3 实验结果。
实验结果表明本发明新色酮醇类化合物对DPPH自由基均具有清除作用,且随药物浓度增大,清除率也明显升高。本发明新色酮醇类化合物对DPPH自由基IC50值见表4。
表4:本发明的新色酮醇类化合物对DPPH自由基的清除作用
综上所述,本发明提供一种新色酮醇类化合物及其提取分离方法,依次采用乙醇回流提取、硅胶柱层析、聚酰胺柱层析、ODS中压柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析和高效液相法进行分离纯化与制备,成功的分离得到此新化合物。该方法简便、快速、环保,且经该方法分离得到的化合物纯度较高。由于所得化合物化学结构独特,从常用中药马齿苋中提取出来,其具有抗炎和抗氧化作用,因此本发明的新色酮醇类化合物及其盐和衍生物可以作为天然产物开发中药新药,具有广阔的前景。
Claims (9)
2.一种权利要求1所述的色酮醇类化合物的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述提取分离方法的具体步骤包括:
步骤1、取马齿苋干燥药材,采用乙醇回流提取,醇提液滤过,合并滤液减压浓缩,放凉至室温,得药液备用;
步骤2、将步骤1中药液蒸干后上硅胶柱,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,减压回收乙酸乙酯至浸膏,得到乙酸乙酯提取物;
步骤3、将步骤2中乙酸乙酯提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用乙醇-水梯度洗脱,体积浓度80%乙醇部分蒸干后上硅胶柱,依次用乙酸乙酯-甲醇梯度洗脱得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,合并显色的洗脱部位,将合并后的洗脱部位经减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤4、将步骤3中所得物经预处理的ODS柱层析分离,用甲醇-水梯度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将各显色的洗脱部位分别减压浓缩至干,得到浓缩物备用;
步骤5、将步骤4中所得物再经预处理的葡聚糖凝胶柱层析分离,用甲醇等度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,合并显色的洗脱部位,将合并后的洗脱部位经减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤6、对步骤5中所得浓缩物进行HPLC分离制备,以甲醇:0.1%甲酸作为流动相,制备得到所述化合物,所用甲醇∶0.1%甲酸等度洗脱中甲醇和水的体积比为50∶50。
3.如权利要求2所述提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中体积浓度50%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2小时,乙醇用量为药材的10倍。
4.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中所用流动相洗脱程序为等度洗脱。
5.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中用水和乙醇的体积比为100:0,80:20,60:40,40:60,20:80和0:100梯度洗脱;所述步骤3中用乙酸乙酯-甲醇的体积比为5:1,2:1、1:2和1:5梯度洗脱。
6.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中用甲醇和水的体积比为40:60,60:40,80:20和100:0梯度洗脱。
7.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤5中用甲醇洗脱程序为等度洗脱。
8.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述ODS与葡聚糖凝胶的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24小时,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
9.一种如权利要求1所述的色酮醇类化合物的用途,其特征在于,所述用途可用于制备抗炎、抗氧化的药物或保健品。
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