CN115385733B - Application of composite water-retaining agent in compost mixture - Google Patents
Application of composite water-retaining agent in compost mixture Download PDFInfo
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- CN115385733B CN115385733B CN202210612532.5A CN202210612532A CN115385733B CN 115385733 B CN115385733 B CN 115385733B CN 202210612532 A CN202210612532 A CN 202210612532A CN 115385733 B CN115385733 B CN 115385733B
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- mineral material
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 228
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 145
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005614 potassium polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003109 potassium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 49
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 54
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011654 magnesium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011285 magnesium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940069446 magnesium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004103 aerobic respiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006237 degradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of compost mixture water retention, and discloses application of a composite water-retaining agent in a compost mixture. The composite water-retaining agent comprises the following components: the water-retaining agent A, the water-retaining agent B, the natural mineral material A and the natural mineral material B; the water-retaining agent A is an inorganic salt water-retaining agent; the water-retaining agent B is a polymer water-retaining agent; the natural mineral material A is a natural mineral material with a loose porous structure; the natural mineral material B is a natural mineral material with a lamellar structure; the water-retaining agent A and/or the water-retaining agent B are/is partially or completely adhered to the surface of the natural mineral material A and/or the natural mineral material B. The composite water-retaining agent provided by the invention is prepared by compounding inorganic salt water-retaining agent, polymer water-retaining agent, natural mineral material with loose porous structure and natural mineral material with lamellar structure, and can generate synergistic effect in a compost mixture, better exert water absorption and water retention effects and stabilize the water content in the compost mixture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water retention of compost mixtures, in particular to application of a composite water-retaining agent in the compost mixtures.
Background
The "white pollution" restricts the sustainable development of the economy and society, the root cause is the non-standard use of a large number of plastic products, and the development and use of degradable polymers are important methods for solving the "white pollution" problem, and have been paid attention in recent years. Degradation evaluation methods are various, such as soil degradation, compost degradation, water degradation and the like. Among them, aerobic biodegradation under controlled composting conditions is a relatively accepted method for judging the biodegradability of materials, and various countries and regions establish degradation standards based on controlled composting, including ISO 14855, GB/T19277, ASTM D5388, EN 14046, and the like.
In the aerobic composting degradation process, the aerobic composting system is sensitive to the water content, and the water content of the composting system can be changed due to the fact that the water is evaporated by a composting environment with higher temperature or carried in or out by air flow. The higher or lower water content can affect the microbial activity of the compost, for example, the higher water content can inhibit the aerobic respiration of microorganisms, and the lower water content can weaken the respiration of microorganisms, so that the degradation rate data is fluctuated. Even though the water content can be regulated by stepwise water replenishment or aeration, it is also difficult to ensure the long-term stability of the composting system. Therefore, if the water retention of the compost mixture can be improved, when a compost degradation test is carried out, the change of the water content of a system in the test process can be reduced, the compost degradation environment is stabilized, and the aerobic biodegradation conclusion under the controlled composting condition is more accurate and reliable; when the method is applied to aerobic composting degradation, the water content of a composting degradation system is controlled at a proper level, so that the degradation efficiency is improved.
At present, a report on a water-retaining agent for a compost mixture is fresh at home and abroad, but the water-retaining agent for other fields is not suitable for stabilizing the water content in the compost mixture in the process of degrading the compost. For example, patent CN201710732787.4 discloses a preparation method for a coked soil conditioner, in which a water-retaining agent is added to enhance the water-holding capacity of soil, the water-retaining agent being polyacrylamide or starch-acrylic acid copolymer or polyacrylate polymer or corn starch-acrylic acid copolymer or polyacrylate potassium salt-polyacrylamide copolymer. When the inventors focused on that the water retention agent in this patent was used in a compost mixture, the water retention effect was poor because: the compost mixture mainly comprises substances such as compost, sea sand and the like, the dispersibility of the polymer water-retaining agent in the compost mixture is poor, the polymer water-retaining agent is easy to gather at the bottom, and the water content in the compost mixture is unevenly distributed; and the absorption of the polymer water-retaining agent to water depends on the high osmotic pressure formed by the ion concentration difference between the polymer water-retaining agent and the outside, so that the water-absorbing capacity is poor in a compost mixture with high inorganic salt content, and the water-retaining effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides application of a composite water-retaining agent in a compost mixture, aiming at solving the technical problem that the water-retaining effect of the existing water-retaining agent in the compost mixture is poor. The composite water-retaining agent is prepared by compounding inorganic salt water-retaining agent, polymer water-retaining agent, natural mineral material with loose porous structure and natural mineral material with lamellar structure, and can produce synergistic effect in compost mixture, better exert water absorption and water retention effects and stabilize water content in the compost mixture.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a composite water retaining agent for compost mixtures, comprising the following components: the water-retaining agent A, the water-retaining agent B, the natural mineral material A and the natural mineral material B; the water-retaining agent A is an inorganic salt water-retaining agent; the water-retaining agent B is a polymer water-retaining agent; the natural mineral material A is a natural mineral material with a loose porous structure; the natural mineral material B is a natural mineral material with a lamellar structure; the water-retaining agent A and/or the water-retaining agent B are/is partially or completely adhered to the surface of the natural mineral material A and/or the natural mineral material B.
The inventor combines theoretical analysis and experimental research to find that different water-absorbing and water-retaining materials have different characteristics in water-absorbing and water-retaining properties, and when the water-absorbing and water-retaining materials with specific properties are matched for use, the water-absorbing and water-retaining materials can play a synergistic effect in a compost mixture. Based on the findings, the invention selects four types with specific properties from water-absorbing and water-retaining materials, namely inorganic salt water-retaining agents (water-retaining agents A), polymer water-retaining agents (water-retaining agents B), natural mineral materials with loose porous structures (natural mineral materials A) and natural mineral materials with lamellar structures (natural mineral materials B), and the four types of materials are compounded into the composite water-retaining agent, so that the four types of materials can cooperate with each other to generate a synergistic effect of '1+1 & gt2', play better water-absorbing and water-retaining roles in a composting mixture, and are beneficial to reducing the change of the water content in the composting mixture during composting degradation, and the specific mechanism is as follows:
1) Between the natural mineral material a and the natural mineral material B: the natural mineral material A with loose porous structure mainly utilizes the pore structure of the surface to absorb moisture in a physical adsorption mode; in the natural mineral material B with lamellar structure, layers are connected by hydrogen bond or Van der Waals force, the interlayer spacing is small when the natural mineral material B is dried, the interlayer spacing can be filled with a large amount of water after the natural mineral material B is soaked with water, and meanwhile, the interlayer spacing is increased, macroscopic appearance is that the volume of mineral substances is increased, so that water absorption is realized. Therefore, the natural mineral material A has stronger adsorption force to water, but has smaller water absorption capacity; the natural mineral material B has excellent water absorption and water retention effects in pure water, but the water absorption effect in salt solution is greatly reduced, and the compost generally contains a large amount of organic matters and soluble inorganic salts, and the filtrate necessarily contains a large amount of inorganic salts. The invention combines the two materials, the natural mineral material A can quickly absorb moisture from the outside, and the natural mineral material B transfers and stores the moisture from the natural mineral material A, so that the composite water-retaining agent is beneficial to quickly absorbing the moisture from the outside and has higher water absorption capacity after being applied to a compost mixture.
2) The water-retaining agent A and the water-retaining agent B are arranged between: the inorganic salt water-retaining agent (water-retaining agent A) realizes the absorption and the storage of water in a mode of forming bound water; the polymer water-retaining agent (water-retaining agent B) realizes the absorption and the storage of water through the high osmotic pressure formed by the ion concentration difference between the polymer water-retaining agent B and the outside. Therefore, the water-retaining agent B has better water storage capacity, but has poorer water absorption capacity in a composting mixture containing more soluble inorganic salt; the water-retaining agent A has stronger water absorption capacity, but has lower water storage capacity than the water-retaining agent B, and salinization is easy to cause when the water-retaining agent A is used in excessive amount, so that the compost mixture is hardened. The invention combines the two components for use, so that the composite water-retaining agent has better water absorption and storage capacity.
3) The water-retaining agent is between the natural mineral materials: the water retention capacity of the water-retaining agent A and the water-retaining agent B is strong, but in a compost mixture taking substances such as compost, sea sand and the like as main bodies, the dispersibility of the water-retaining agent A and the water-retaining agent B is poor, the water-retaining agent A and the water-retaining agent B are easy to gather at the bottom, and the water content difference between different layers in the compost mixture is large; the natural mineral material A and the natural mineral material B have better dispersibility in the compost mixture, but relatively poorer water retention capacity and are easy to cause water loss. The water-retaining agent A, B and the natural mineral material A, B are compounded and attached to the surface of the water-retaining agent A, B, and the dispersibility of the water-retaining agent A, B can be improved by utilizing the natural mineral material A, B, so that the water-retaining agent A, B is prevented from gathering to the bottom, and the water in the compost mixture is uniformly distributed while a good water-retaining effect is realized.
Preferably, the natural mineral material a includes one or more of vermiculite, sepiolite, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, fly ash, palygorskite, and attapulgite.
Preferably, the natural mineral material B includes one or more of montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolin, and illite.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent a comprises one or more of ammonium acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium silicate, sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent B comprises one or more of polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, starch modified sodium polyacrylate, starch modified potassium polyacrylate and starch modified ammonium polyacrylate.
Preferably, the molecular weight of the water-retaining agent B is 500 to 200000.
When the molecular weight of the water-retaining agent B is too large, the molecular chains are too long, entanglement is easy to occur among the molecular chains, so that part of hydrophilic functional groups are wrapped inside, the utilization rate of the hydrophilic functional groups is reduced, and further, the water-retaining agent B is difficult to exert a good water-retaining effect; when the molecular weight of the water-retaining agent B is too small, the molecular chain thereof is too short, the number of useless end groups increases, resulting in a decrease in the ratio of hydrophilic functional groups having a water-retaining effect, and in turn, a decrease in the water-retaining ability thereof.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent A to the water-retaining agent B is 1 (2.3-15), the mass ratio of the natural mineral material A to the natural mineral material B is 1 (0.6-3.5), and the ratio of the total mass of the natural mineral material A and the natural mineral material B to the total mass of the water-retaining agent A and the water-retaining agent B is 1 (0.03-1.1).
Based on a synergistic action mechanism in the composite water-retaining agent, the inventor team discovers that the synergistic action effect is influenced by the proportion of the two water-retaining agents, the proportion of the two natural mineral materials and the proportion of the water-retaining agent and the natural mineral materials, so that the effect of stabilizing the water content of the compost mixture by the composite water-retaining agent is further influenced, and specifically:
1) The ratio of the two water-retaining agents: when the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent A to the water-retaining agent B is too large, the water storage effect of the composite water-retaining agent is poor, the osmotic pressure difference between the water-retaining agent B and the outside is too small, and the water absorption capacity of the water-retaining agent B is reduced; when the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent A to the water-retaining agent B is too small, the water absorption capacity of the composite water-retaining agent is poor, and the water content stabilizing effect of the composite water-retaining agent on the compost mixture is adversely affected.
2) The ratio of the two natural mineral materials is as follows: when the mass ratio of the natural mineral material A to the natural mineral material B is too large, the water absorption capacity of the composite water-retaining agent is too low; when the mass ratio of the natural mineral material A to the natural mineral material B is too small, the natural mineral material B is difficult to quickly absorb a large amount of water from the outside and store, and the effect of stabilizing the water content of the compost mixture by the composite water-retaining agent is poor.
3) The water-retaining agent (water-retaining agent a and water-retaining agent B) and the natural mineral material (natural mineral material a and natural mineral material B) were mixed: when the ratio of the total mass of the water-retaining agent to the total mass of the natural mineral material is too large, a large amount of the water-retaining agent is not attached to the surface of the natural mineral material, and the water-retaining agent is easy to gather at the bottom of the compost mixture, so that the water content difference between different layers of the compost mixture is large; when the ratio of the total mass of the water retaining agent to the total mass of the natural mineral material is too small, the water retaining capacity of the composite water retaining agent is poor, and the water in the compost mixture is easy to run off.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a composting mixture comprising the composite water retaining agent.
Preferably, the content of the water-retaining agent A, the water-retaining agent B, the natural mineral material A and the natural mineral material B in the compost mixture is 0.03 to 4.5wt%, 0.07 to 10.5wt%, 6 to 14wt% and 8 to 21wt%, respectively.
The inventor pays attention to the fact that the contents of the water retention agent A, the water retention agent B, the natural mineral material A and the natural mineral material B all affect the water retention effect or the water retention effect benefit, and the better water retention effect and the higher water retention effect benefit can be realized only when the contents are controlled within the proper range.
Preferably, the compost mixture further comprises compost, sea sand and water; the content of compost and sea sand in the compost mixture is 20-45 wt% and 15-40 wt%, respectively.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing the compost mixture, comprising the steps of:
(1) After mixing compost and sea sand, obtaining a primary blend;
(2) Adding a water-retaining agent A, a water-retaining agent B, a natural mineral material A and a natural mineral material B into the primary blend, and stirring and mixing to obtain a secondary blend;
(3) Adding water into the secondary blend, and stirring and mixing to obtain a compost mixture.
In the blending process, the larger specific surface area of the natural mineral materials A and B and the hydrogen bond formed between the water-retaining agent A and the surfaces of the natural mineral materials A and B after combining water, and the hydrogen bond formed between the amide group, the hydroxyl group, the carboxyl group and other groups in the water-retaining agent B and the surfaces of the natural mineral materials A and B can enable the water-retaining agent A and B to be attached to the surfaces of the natural mineral materials A and B, and further the dispersibility of the water-retaining agent is improved by utilizing the natural mineral materials, so that the water content distribution in the compost mixture is more uniform.
Preferably, in the step (1), the rotation speed of stirring and mixing is 50-70 rpm, and the time is 5-10 min; in the step (2), the rotation speed of stirring and mixing is 50-70 rpm, and the time is 5-10 min.
Preferably, in the step (3), the stirring and mixing speed is 110 to 130rpm, and the time is 10 to 15 minutes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) Four water-absorbing and retaining materials with specific properties (namely a water-retaining agent A, a water-retaining agent B, a natural mineral material A and a natural mineral material B) are compounded, so that a synergistic effect of 1+1 & gt2 can be generated by mutual cooperation in a composting mixture, the water content of the composting mixture is better stabilized, and the water content change in the composting degradation process is reduced;
(2) The water retention agent has better water retention effect, can effectively stabilize the water content of the compost mixture and has higher water retention effect benefit by controlling the proportion of the two water retention agents, the proportion of the two natural mineral materials, the proportion of the water retention agent and the natural mineral materials and the content of each water retention agent and the natural mineral material in the compost mixture within a certain range.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
General examples
The composite water-retaining agent for the compost mixture comprises the following components: water-retaining agent A, water-retaining agent B, natural mineral material A, natural mineral material B. The water-retaining agent A and/or the water-retaining agent B are/is partially or completely adhered to the surface of the natural mineral material A and/or the natural mineral material B. The mass ratio of the water-retaining agent A to the water-retaining agent B is 1 (2.3-15), the mass ratio of the natural mineral material A to the natural mineral material B is 1 (0.6-3.5), and the ratio of the total mass of the natural mineral material A and the natural mineral material B to the total mass of the water-retaining agent A and the water-retaining agent B is 1 (0.03-1.1).
The water-retaining agent A is an inorganic salt water-retaining agent and comprises one or more of ammonium acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium silicate, sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate.
The water-retaining agent B is a polymer water-retaining agent and comprises one or more of polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, starch modified sodium polyacrylate, starch modified potassium polyacrylate and starch modified ammonium polyacrylate, and the molecular weight is 500-200000.
The natural mineral material A is a natural mineral material with a loose porous structure and comprises one or more of vermiculite, sepiolite, zeolite, diatomite, fly ash, palygorskite and attapulgite.
The natural mineral material B is a natural mineral material with lamellar structure and comprises one or more of montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolin and illite.
A composting mixture comprising the composite water retaining agent, compost, sea sand and water; in the compost mixture, the contents of the compost and the sea sand are respectively 20-45 wt% and 15-40 wt%, and the contents of the water-retaining agent A, the water-retaining agent B, the natural mineral material A and the natural mineral material B are respectively 0.03-4.5 wt%, 0.07-10.5 wt%, 6-14 wt% and 8-21 wt%.
The preparation method of the compost mixture comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing compost and sea sand for 5-10 min at a rotating speed of 50-70 rpm to obtain a primary blend;
(2) Adding a water-retaining agent A, a water-retaining agent B, a natural mineral material A and a natural mineral material B into the primary blend, and stirring and mixing for 5-10 min at a rotating speed of 50-70 rpm to obtain a secondary blend;
(3) Adding water into the secondary blend, stirring and mixing for 10-15 min at a rotation speed of 110-130 rpm, and obtaining a compost mixture.
Example 1
A compost mixture is prepared by the steps of:
(1) Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of compost, 25 parts of sea sand, 14 parts of natural mineral A (composed of 6 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of fly ash), 21 parts of natural mineral B (composed of 10 parts of montmorillonite and 11 parts of bentonite), 0.03 part of water-retaining agent A (calcium chloride), 0.07 part of water-retaining agent B (polyacrylamide with molecular weight of 80000) and 9.9 parts of pure water;
(2) At room temperature, stirring compost and sea sand for 6min at a rotation speed of 60rpm by using a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a primary blend;
(3) Adding vermiculite, fly ash, montmorillonite, bentonite, calcium chloride and polyacrylamide into the primary blend, stirring for 6min at room temperature by using a stirrer at a rotating speed of 60rpm, and uniformly mixing to obtain a secondary blend;
(4) Pure water was added to the secondary blend, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature with a stirrer at 120rpm for 15 minutes to uniformly mix the mixture, thereby obtaining a compost mixture.
Examples 2 to 7
The composting mixtures of examples 2-7 were prepared following the procedure in example 1. The only difference from example 1 is that the types and amounts of the natural mineral material a, the natural mineral material B, the water-retaining agent a and the water-retaining agent B, and the amounts of compost, sea sand, pure water were changed according to table 1.
TABLE 1
Test example 1
The compost mixtures prepared in examples 1 to 7 were subjected to a water retention test as follows: the composting degradation was carried out at 58 ℃ ± 2 ℃ and in a strongly oxygen-supplied dark environment, i.e. under industrial composting conditions, and the water content of the upper, middle and lower layers of the composting mixture was measured during one week and two weeks, respectively, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
1 Initial water content: i.e. the content of pure water in all raw materials of the compost mixture.
Data analysis and conclusion:
(1) From examples 1, 4, 7 and examples 2, 3, 5, 6, it can be seen that when the contents of the water-retaining agent a, the water-retaining agent B, the natural mineral material a and the natural mineral material B in the compost mixture are controlled in the ranges of 0.03 to 4.5wt%, 0.07 to 10.5wt%, 6 to 14wt% and 8 to 21wt%, respectively, a better water-retaining effect and a higher water-retaining effect benefit can be achieved, and the change of any one of the factors may affect the water-retaining effect or the water-retaining effect benefit.
(2) The content of the natural mineral material a in examples 1 and 2 was 14% and 20%, respectively, and the amount of water loss in one week (i.e., first week to second week) was reduced by only 8 to 30% by example 2 as compared with example 1, indicating that the water retention effect was too low when the content of the natural mineral material a was too large, i.e., the increase in the amount of the natural mineral material a had a smaller effect of improving the water retention effect.
(3) The water retention agent a contents in examples 4 and 5 are 4.5% and 6%, respectively, and the water retention effect in example 5 is significantly lower than that in example 4, indicating that when the amount of water retention agent a is too large, the water retention effect of the composite water retention agent is too poor. The reason is that: excessive use of the water-retaining agent A can cause salinization of the compost mixture to cause hardening, and further cause the water content to be greatly reduced.
Example 8
A compost mixture is prepared by the steps of:
(1) Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of compost, 23 parts of sea sand, 13.5 parts of natural mineral A (composed of 6 parts of vermiculite and 7.5 parts of sepiolite), 9 parts of natural mineral B (composed of 5 parts of montmorillonite and 4 parts of bentonite), 4 parts of water-retaining agent A (composed of 1.5 parts of sodium chloride and 2.5 parts of magnesium sulfate), 3 parts of water-retaining agent B (polyacrylamide with molecular weight of 500) and 15.5 parts of pure water;
(2) At room temperature, stirring compost and sea sand for 5min at a rotation speed of 70rpm by using a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a primary blend;
(3) Adding vermiculite, fly ash, montmorillonite, bentonite, calcium chloride and polyacrylamide into the primary blend, stirring for 5min at room temperature by using a stirrer at a rotating speed of 70rpm, and uniformly mixing to obtain a secondary blend;
(4) Pure water was added to the secondary blend, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature with a stirrer at 110rpm for 15 minutes to uniformly mix the mixture, thereby obtaining a compost mixture.
Example 9
A compost mixture is prepared by the steps of:
(1) Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 39 parts of compost, 29 parts of sea sand, 7.5 parts of natural mineral A (diatomite), 7.5 parts of natural mineral B (bentonite), 1.8 parts of water-retaining agent A (consisting of 1 part of calcium chloride and 0.8 part of sodium silicate), 2.5 parts of water-retaining agent B (polyacrylamide with molecular weight of 200000) and 12.7 parts of pure water;
(2) At room temperature, stirring compost and sea sand for 10min at 50rpm by using a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a primary blend;
(3) Adding vermiculite, fly ash, montmorillonite, bentonite, calcium chloride and polyacrylamide into the primary blend, stirring for 10min at room temperature by using a stirrer at a rotating speed of 50rpm, and uniformly mixing to obtain a secondary blend;
(4) Pure water was added to the secondary blend, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature with a stirrer at 130rpm for 10 minutes to uniformly mix the mixture, thereby obtaining a compost mixture.
Example 10
The composting mixture of example 10 was prepared following the procedure in example 8. The only difference from example 8 is that the polyacrylamide having a molecular weight of 500 was exchanged for a polyacrylamide having a molecular weight of 300.
Example 11
The composting mixture of example 11 was prepared following the procedure in example 9. The only difference from example 9 is that polyacrylamide with molecular weight 200000 was exchanged for polyacrylamide with molecular weight 250000.
Test example 2
The compost mixtures prepared in examples 8 to 11 were tested for water retention according to the method in test example 1, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Data analysis and conclusion:
(1) The molecular weights of the polyacrylamides used in examples 8 and 10 were 500 and 300, respectively, and it can be seen from table 3 that the water retention effect of example 10 was significantly lower than that of example 8, indicating that when the molecular weight of the water retaining agent B was too small, uneven distribution of water content in the compost mixture was caused. The reason is that: when the molecular weight of the water-retaining agent B is too small, the molecular chain thereof is too short, the number of useless end groups increases, resulting in a decrease in the ratio of hydrophilic functional groups having a water-retaining effect, and in turn, a decrease in the water-retaining ability thereof.
(2) The molecular weights of the polyacrylamides used in examples 9 and 11 were 200000 and 250000, respectively, and it can be seen from table 3 that the water retention effect of example 11 is significantly lower than that of example 9, indicating that when the molecular weight of the water retaining agent B is too large, the water retention effect of the composite water retaining agent is poor. The reason is that: when the molecular weight of the water-retaining agent B is too large, the molecular chains are too long, entanglement is easy to occur among the molecular chains, partial hydrophilic functional groups are wrapped inside, the utilization rate of the hydrophilic functional groups is reduced, and therefore the water-retaining agent B is difficult to exert a good water-retaining effect.
Examples 12 to 19
The composting mixtures of examples 12-19 were prepared following the procedure in example 1. The only difference from example 1 is that the types and amounts of the natural mineral material a, the natural mineral material B, the water-retaining agent a and the water-retaining agent B, and the amounts of compost, sea sand, pure water were changed according to table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
Test example 4
The compost mixtures obtained in comparative examples 1 to 6 were subjected to the water retention test in the same manner as in test example 1, and the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
Data analysis and conclusion:
(1) In examples 12 to 15, the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent A to the water-retaining agent B was 1:2.3, 1:14.7, 1:0.3 and 1:30.6, respectively, and the other conditions of examples 12 and 14 were the same, and the other conditions of examples 13 and 15 were the same. As can be seen from table 5, the water retention effect of example 12 is significantly better than that of example 14, and the water retention effect of example 13 is significantly better than that of example 15, which means that the water retention effect of the composite water retention agent is adversely affected by too large or too small mass ratio of water retention agent a to water retention agent B. The reason is that: when the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent A to the water-retaining agent B is too large, the water storage effect of the composite water-retaining agent is poor, the osmotic pressure difference between the water-retaining agent B and the outside is too small, and the water absorption capacity of the water-retaining agent B is reduced; when the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent A to the water-retaining agent B is too small, the water absorption capacity of the composite water-retaining agent is poor, and the water content stabilizing effect of the composite water-retaining agent on the compost mixture is adversely affected.
(2) In examples 12, 13, 16 and 17, the mass ratio of the natural mineral material A to the natural mineral material B was 1:3.5, 1:0.6, 1:14 and 1:0.1, respectively, and the other conditions of examples 12 and 16 were the same, and the other conditions of examples 13 and 17 were the same. As can be seen from table 5, the water retention effect of example 12 is significantly better than that of example 16, and the water retention effect of example 13 is significantly better than that of example 17, which means that too large or too small mass ratio of the natural mineral materials a and B adversely affects the water retention effect of the composite water-retaining agent. The reason is that: when the mass ratio of the natural mineral material A to the natural mineral material B is too large, the water absorption capacity of the composite water-retaining agent is too low; when the mass ratio of the natural mineral material A to the natural mineral material B is too small, the natural mineral material B is difficult to quickly absorb a large amount of water from the outside and store, and the effect of stabilizing the water content of the compost mixture by the composite water-retaining agent is poor.
(3) In examples 12, 13, 18 and 19, the ratio of the total mass of the natural mineral material A, B to the total mass of the water retaining agent A, B was 1:0.03, 1:1.1, 1:0.004 and 1:3.67, respectively, and the other conditions of examples 12 and 18 were the same, and the other conditions of examples 13 and 19 were the same. As can be seen from table 5, the water retention effect of example 12 is significantly better than that of example 18, and the difference in water content of each layer of example 13 is significantly lower than that of example 19, which means that the water retention effect of the composite water retention agent is adversely affected by too large or too small mass ratio of the natural mineral material to the water retention agent. The reason is that: when the mass ratio of the natural mineral material to the water-retaining agent is too small, a large amount of the water-retaining agent is not attached to the surface of the natural mineral material, and the water-retaining agent is easy to gather at the bottom of the compost mixture, so that the water content difference between different layers of the compost mixture is large; when the mass ratio of the natural mineral material to the water-retaining agent is too large, the water-retaining capacity of the composite water-retaining agent is poor, and the water in the compost mixture is easy to run off.
Comparative examples 1 to 6
Compost mixtures of comparative examples 1-6 were prepared following the procedure in example 7. The only difference from example 7 is that the amounts of natural mineral material a, natural mineral material B, water-retaining agent a and water-retaining agent B were changed according to table 6.
TABLE 6
Test example 4
The compost mixtures obtained in comparative examples 1 to 6 were subjected to the water retention test in the same manner as in test example 1, and the results are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7
Data analysis and conclusion:
(1) The total amounts of the natural mineral materials a and B used in example 7, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were the same, and the natural mineral materials a and B were used in example 7, whereas the natural mineral material a was used alone in comparative example 1, and the natural mineral material B was used alone in comparative example 2. As can be seen from table 7, the water retention effect of example 7 is significantly better than that of comparative examples 1 and 2, indicating that a synergistic effect of "1+1 > 2" can be produced between the natural mineral materials a and B. The reason is that: the natural mineral material A has stronger adsorption force to water, but has smaller water absorption capacity; the natural mineral material B has excellent water absorption and water retention effects in pure water, but the water absorption capacity in compost with high inorganic salt content is greatly reduced. When the two are combined, the natural mineral material A can quickly absorb moisture from the outside, and then the natural mineral material B transfers and stores the moisture from the natural mineral material A, so that the composite water-retaining agent can quickly absorb the moisture from the outside after being applied to a compost mixture, and has higher water absorption capacity, thereby better stabilizing the moisture content in the compost mixture.
(2) The total amounts of water-retaining agents a and B used in example 7, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 were the same, water-retaining agents a and B were used in example 7, water-retaining agent a was used only in comparative example 3, and water-retaining agent B was used only in comparative example 4. As can be seen from table 7, the water retention effect of example 7 is significantly better than that of comparative example 3 and comparative example 4, indicating that a synergistic effect of "1+1 > 2" can be produced between the water-retaining agents a and B. The reason is that: the water-retaining agent B has better water storage capacity, but has poorer water absorption capacity in a composting mixture containing more soluble inorganic salt; the water-retaining agent A has stronger water absorption capacity, but has lower water storage capacity than the water-retaining agent B, and salinization is easy to cause when the water-retaining agent A is used in excessive amount, so that the compost mixture is hardened. When the water-retaining agent and the water-retaining agent are combined, the composite water-retaining agent has better water absorption and water storage capacity, so that the water content in the compost mixture is better stabilized.
(3) The total amounts of the natural mineral material (including the natural mineral materials a and B) and the water-retaining agent (including the water-retaining agents a and B) in example 7, comparative example 5, and comparative example 6 were the same, the natural mineral material and the water-retaining agent were used in example 7, the natural mineral material was used in comparative example 5, and the water-retaining agent was used in comparative example 6. As can be seen from table 7, the water retention effect of example 7 is significantly better than that of comparative example 5, and the difference in water retention between the upper, middle and lower layers is significantly smaller than that of comparative example 6, indicating that a synergistic effect of "1+1 > 2" can be produced between the natural mineral material and the water retaining agent. The reason is that: the water retention capacity of the water-retaining agent is strong, but the dispersibility in the compost mixture is poor, the water-retaining agent is easy to gather at the bottom, and the water content difference among layers is large; the natural mineral materials have better dispersibility in compost mixtures, but relatively poorer water retention capacity and are easy to cause water loss. When the water-retaining agent is compounded with the natural mineral materials and the water-retaining agent is attached to the surface of the water-retaining agent, the dispersibility of the water-retaining agent can be improved by utilizing the natural mineral materials, and the water-retaining agent is prevented from gathering to the bottom, so that the water in the compost mixture is uniformly distributed while a good water-retaining effect is realized.
The raw materials and equipment used in the invention are common raw materials and equipment in the field unless specified otherwise; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modification, variation and equivalent transformation of the above embodiment according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Use of a composite water retaining agent in a composting mixture, characterized in that the composite water retaining agent comprises the following components: the water-retaining agent A, the water-retaining agent B, the natural mineral material A and the natural mineral material B; the water-retaining agent A comprises one or more of calcium chloride, sodium silicate, sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate; the water-retaining agent B comprises one or more of polyacrylamide, ammonium polyacrylate and starch modified potassium polyacrylate, and the molecular weight is 500-200000; the natural mineral material A is one or more of vermiculite, sepiolite, diatomite, fly ash and palygorskite; the natural mineral material B comprises one or more of montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolin and illite; the water-retaining agent A and/or the water-retaining agent B are/is partially or completely adhered to the surface of the natural mineral material A and/or the natural mineral material B; in the compost mixture, the content of the water-retaining agent A, the water-retaining agent B, the natural mineral material A and the natural mineral material B is 0.03-4.5wt%, 0.07-10.5wt%, 6-14wt% and 8-21 wt%, the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent A to the water-retaining agent B is 1 (2.3-15), the mass ratio of the natural mineral material A to the natural mineral material B is 1 (0.6-3.5), and the ratio of the total mass of the natural mineral material A and the natural mineral material B to the total mass of the water-retaining agent A and the water-retaining agent B is 1 (0.03-1.1).
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the composting mixture comprises the composite water retaining agent, compost, sea sand and water.
3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that the compost content in the compost mixture is 20-45 wt%.
4. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that the sea sand content in the composting mixture is 15-40 wt%.
5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the compost mixture comprises the following steps:
(1) After mixing compost and sea sand, obtaining a primary blend;
(2) Adding a water-retaining agent A, a water-retaining agent B, a natural mineral material A and a natural mineral material B into the primary blend, and stirring and mixing to obtain a secondary blend;
(3) Adding water into the secondary blend, and stirring and mixing to obtain a compost mixture.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the stirring and mixing are performed at a rotation speed of 50-70 rpm for 5-10 min.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the stirring and mixing are performed at a rotation speed of 50-70 rpm for 5-10 min.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the stirring and mixing are performed at a rotation speed of 110-130 rpm for 10-15 min.
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