CN115493916A - Porous compost mixture for polymer material compost degradation test and preparation and application methods thereof - Google Patents
Porous compost mixture for polymer material compost degradation test and preparation and application methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of biodegradation, and discloses a porous compost mixture for a polymer material compost degradation test and preparation and application methods thereof. According to the invention, through mutual cooperation of the natural mineral substances, the adsorbent and the expanding agent, a porous compost mixture is formed, oxygen can be uniformly distributed in the porous compost mixture, the gas permeability of the compost is greatly improved, aerobic microorganisms can be uniformly distributed, and the adverse effect of introducing uncontrollable variables caused by introducing active microorganisms or organic matters to improve the soil property is avoided. The porous compost mixture provided by the invention is used in a polymer material compost degradation test, so that a stable environment can be provided for the degradation of the polymer material, and more reliable and accurate data can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biodegradation, in particular to a porous compost mixture for a polymer material compost degradation test and preparation and application methods thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of economic society, the environmental protection consciousness of people is continuously improved, and the sound of people for treating plastic pollution is increased day by day. In recent years, with the implementation of the "forbidden command" policy, research on degradable polymers has received increasing attention. In order to judge the degradation performance of polymer materials, evaluation methods such as soil degradation, compost degradation, water degradation and the like are often adopted, wherein aerobic biodegradation under controlled composting conditions is a relatively accepted method, and degradation standards based on controlled composting are established in various countries and regions, including ISO 14855, GB/T19277.1-2011, GB/T19277.2-2013, ASTM D5388, EN 14046 and the like.
In aerobic compost degradation tests, it is necessary to continuously introduce dry, carbon dioxide-free air or water saturated and carbon dioxide-free air into the compost container to provide sufficient aerobic conditions to ensure compost seed activity and degradation rate. Aerobic composting systems are sensitive to the distribution of oxygen and in aerobic composting systems the activity of the composting system varies with the oxygen concentration distribution. For aerobic microorganisms, higher oxygen concentration can promote aerobic respiration of microorganisms, lower oxygen concentration can weaken the respiration of microorganisms, and if oxygen cannot be uniformly diffused and distributed in a composting device, the activity of the composting device is unstable, so that degradation data fluctuation is caused.
In the prior art, the contact area between compost and air is often increased through periodic stirring aeration, so that the gas distribution is improved, but the long-term stability of a compost system is difficult to ensure.
In addition, at present, the soil is improved to improve the looseness of compost and improve the gas distribution performance. For example, chinese patent application publication No. CN106467746A discloses a soil conditioner formulation for biologically improving soil by applying turfy soil, lignite, hydroxyapatite, borax powder, ammonium nitrate, nitrobacteria, pachysolen, chelating agent. In the formula, the soil fertility is increased by using a method of mixing active strains. However, in the compost degradation experiment, the method can introduce microorganisms which are not contained in the original compost, uncontrollable variables are added in the experiment due to the uncontrollable activity of mixed microorganisms, and the condition in repeated experiments is difficult to keep consistent.
Also, as disclosed in the chinese patent with publication No. CN105131963B, a soil conditioner formulation is capable of conditioning soil by adding crop straws, organic fertilizer, humic acid, clay, and EM fungicide, forming a porous deep pore structure, overcoming soil hardening, and increasing air permeability of soil. However, wood dust, straws, rice hulls, branches and leaves, peanut shells and other soil conditioners used by the fertilizer are easy to decay and collapse in the composting process, the water absorption capacity is lost, the conditioning performance is unstable, and the degradation of organic matters can cause the activity change of a composting degradation system.
The prior art in the above patent, although improving the soil properties and improving the gas distribution properties of the soil to some extent, introduces uncontrollable active microorganisms or organic matter into the compost system, which is not conducive to controlling the variables of the compost degradation experiment. In order to make the conclusion of aerobic biodegradation under the controlled composting condition more accurate and credible, a composting system with stable composting degradation environment and stable activity is found, and the method has great practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem of environmental stability of the polymer material compost degradation test, the invention provides a porous compost mixture for the polymer material compost degradation test and preparation and application methods thereof. The porous compost mixture for the polymer material compost degradation test provided by the invention introduces the natural mineral substances, the adsorbent and the expanding agent, and the natural mineral substances, the adsorbent and the expanding agent are mutually matched to form the porous compost mixture, so that oxygen can be uniformly distributed in the compost, and the gas permeability of the compost is greatly improved, so that aerobic microorganisms can be uniformly distributed in the polymer material compost degradation test, the stability of a degradation environment is ensured, and the adverse effect of introducing uncontrollable variables caused by introducing active microorganisms or organic matters to improve the soil property is avoided, and the result of inaccurate degradation data of the polymer material is caused.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a porous compost mixture comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 45 portions of compost inoculum, 20 to 40 portions of sea sand, 5 to 15 portions of natural mineral substances, 5 to 20 portions of soil conditioner and 10 to 40 portions of pure water; the natural mineral comprises one or more of rectorite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, vermiculite, zeolite, mullite and porous hydroxyapatite; the soil conditioner comprises an adsorbent and an expanding agent, wherein the adsorbent comprises one or more of diatomite, medical stone, lime and ferric oxide, and the expanding agent is polyacrylamide particles or/and bentonite.
The porous compost mixture provided by the invention has a porous structure by introducing an adsorbent and a swelling agent to promote the soil to form a granular structure. The adsorbent adsorbs soil particles to form a granular structure primarily through adsorption, and in the process, pure water is added, so that the expanding agent absorbs water and expands after encountering water, and the soil particles are extruded to further enhance the adsorption effect of the adsorbent, and promote the soil particles to form granules more efficiently. Meanwhile, natural mineral substances are introduced into the porous compost mixture, so that the effect of improving the porosity of the soil is achieved, and the soil quality can be improved through chemical effects of surface chemical groups, surface cation exchange, surface charge capacity and the like. In addition, as the natural minerals have porous structures, the pores form 'air corridors' in the soil, so that the permeability of oxygen in the compost can be greatly improved, and the arrangement of the oxygen is more uniform. However, the addition of excessive amounts of natural minerals presents a problem that results in the desertification of the compost soil. In the formed aggregate structure, small capillary pores are formed among single grains, large non-capillary pores are formed among aggregates, the small capillary pores can keep moisture, the large non-capillary pores can keep ventilation, and the soil aggregates can prevent soil hardening and soil desertification. Due to the existence of the adsorbent and the swelling agent, the formed granular structure can avoid the problem of soil desertification caused by the addition of natural minerals. The natural mineral substances, the adsorbent and the expanding agent are mutually matched to form a porous compost mixture, oxygen has good permeability in the porous compost mixture and can be uniformly distributed, and aerobic microorganisms can be uniformly distributed. The porous compost mixture provided by the invention is used in a polymer material compost degradation test, so that a stable environment can be provided for the degradation of the polymer material, and more reliable and accurate data can be obtained.
Preferably, the adsorbent and expander ratio is 1 to 9.
On the other hand, the invention provides a preparation method of the porous compost mixture, which comprises the following steps:
(1) At the temperature of 20-30 ℃, the compost inoculum and the sea sand are stirred for 5-10 min at the stirring speed of 50-70 rpm and are mixed evenly.
(2) Adding natural mineral substances and a soil conditioner into the substances obtained in the step (1), and stirring at a stirring speed of 50-70 rpm for 5-10 min to uniformly mix.
(3) And (3) adding pure water into the substance obtained in the step (2) at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and stirring at the stirring speed of 110-130 rpm for 10-15 min to uniformly mix to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Preferably, in step (1), the stirring speed is 50 to 70rpm, and the stirring is performed for 5 to 10min.
Preferably, in the step (2), the stirring speed is 50 to 70rpm, and the stirring is performed for 5 to 10min.
Preferably, in step (3), the stirring speed is 110 to 130rpm, the stirring is carried out for 10 to 15min, and the stirring temperature is 20 to 25 ℃.
In addition, the invention provides an application method of the porous compost mixture, which specifically comprises the following steps: adding the polymer material into the porous compost mixture, uniformly mixing, and carrying out a compost degradation test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) By adding natural minerals, adsorbents and swelling agents into the compost, the aerobic biodegradation environment has excellent stability, and the problem of uncontrollable variables caused by adding active microorganisms or organic matters is avoided.
(2) Through the mutual cooperation of the natural minerals, the adsorbent and the expanding agent, the formed porous compost mixture has a porous structure, oxygen has good permeability in the porous compost mixture, and the oxygen can be uniformly distributed, so that a stable environment is provided for aerobic biodegradation.
(3) The adsorbent and the expanding agent added into the compost cooperatively promote the soil to form a granular structure, so that the problem of soil desertification caused by adding natural mineral substances can be well avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a compost degradation curve of PBAT.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
Stirring 45 parts of the compost inoculum and 25 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at a speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 3 parts of rectorite, 5 parts of zeolite, 4 parts of diatomite and 3 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 60rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 30 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 2
Stirring 20 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at the speed of 65rpm at 25 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 7 parts of montmorillonite, 3 parts of mullite, 4 parts of medical stone and 12 parts of bentonite, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 60rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 25 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 3
Stirring 25 parts of the compost inoculum and 40 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at the speed of 50rpm at 30 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 5 parts of rectorite, 5 parts of porous hydroxyapatite, 9 parts of diatomite and 3 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 60rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 4
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 20 parts of sea sand for 10min at 25 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 70rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 6 parts of kaolinite, 4 parts of zeolite, 8 parts of lime and 7 parts of bentonite, and stirring for 10min at 25 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 60rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 25 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 25 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 5
Stirring 20 parts of the compost inoculum and 20 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at the speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 5 parts of montmorillonite, 7 parts of lime and 3 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 60rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 10 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 30 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 6
Stirring 35 parts of the compost inoculum and 35 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at the speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 15 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of ferric oxide and 4 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 60rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 10 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 7
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at the speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 15 parts of rectorite, 4 parts of diatomite and 6 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 25 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 8
Stirring 25 parts of the compost inoculum and 25 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at a speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 5min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 15 parts of montmorillonite, 7 parts of medical stone and 3 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 60rpm and the temperature of 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 25 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 9
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand for 8min at a speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 15 parts of zeolite, 4 parts of lime and 6 parts of bentonite, and stirring for 10min at a speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 10
Stirring 25 parts of the compost inoculum and 25 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at a speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 15 parts of mullite, 7 parts of ferric oxide and 3 parts of bentonite, and stirring for 10min at a speed of 65rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 25 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 11
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand for 10min at a speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 5 parts of kaolinite, 6 parts of medical stone and 9 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 5min at the speed of 70rpm and the temperature of 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 20 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 12
Stirring 25 parts of the compost inoculum and 25 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at a speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 5 parts of vermiculite, 7 parts of lime and 8 parts of bentonite, and stirring for 8min at a speed of 50rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 30 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 13
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand for 10min at a speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 5 parts of porous hydroxyapatite, 5 parts of ferric oxide and 10 parts of bentonite, and stirring for 10min at a speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 20 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 14
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at the speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 6 parts of rectorite, 4 parts of zeolite, 15 parts of diatomite and 5 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 63rpm and the temperature of 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at the temperature of 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 110rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 15
Stirring 25 parts of the compost inoculum and 25 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at a speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 2 parts of montmorillonite, 8 parts of porous hydroxyapatite, 10 parts of medical stone and 10 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at 20 ℃ at the speed of 60rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 20 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 10min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 16
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 25 parts of sea sand for 10min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 60rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 6 parts of rectorite, 4 parts of zeolite, 15 parts of lime and 5 parts of bentonite, and stirring for 10min at 20 ℃ at the speed of 60rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 13min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 130rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 17
Stirring 25 parts of the compost inoculum and 25 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at a speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 2 parts of montmorillonite, 8 parts of porous hydroxyapatite, 10 parts of iron oxide and 10 parts of bentonite, and stirring for 10min at 20 ℃ at the speed of 62rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 20 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at the temperature of 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 130rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 18
Stirring 35 parts of the compost inoculum and 35 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at the speed of 63rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 3 parts of kaolinite, 7 parts of zeolite, 3 parts of diatomite and 2 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at 20 ℃ at the speed of 60rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at the speed of 125rpm by a stirrer at the temperature of 20 ℃ until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 19
Stirring 35 parts of compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at the speed of 62rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 5 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of mullite, 1 part of medical stone and 4 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at 20 ℃ at the speed of 60rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 20 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at the temperature of 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 125rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 20
Stirring 35 parts of the compost inoculum and 35 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at a speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 3 parts of kaolinite, 7 parts of zeolite, 2 parts of lime and 3 parts of bentonite, and stirring for 10min at 20 ℃ at the speed of 60rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Example 21
Stirring 45 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at the speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 5 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of mullite, 3 parts of ferric oxide and 2 parts of bentonite, and stirring for 10min at a speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 40 parts of pure water is added and stirred for 15min at 20 ℃ by a stirrer at the speed of 120rpm until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a porous compost mixture.
Comparative example 1 (differing from example 7 in that no soil conditioner was added.)
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand for 10min at a speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 15 parts of rectorite, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 60rpm and the temperature of 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water was added thereto and stirred by a stirrer at a speed of 120rpm at 20 ℃ for 15 minutes until the components were uniformly dispersed to obtain a compost mixture.
Comparative example 2 (differing from example 7 in that an excess of adsorbent was added.)
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand by a stirrer at the speed of 60rpm at 20 ℃ for 10min until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 15 parts of rectorite, 14 parts of diatomite and 6 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water was added thereto and stirred by a stirrer at a speed of 120rpm at 25 ℃ for 15 minutes until the components were uniformly dispersed to obtain a compost mixture.
Comparative example 3 (differing from example 7 in that an excess of swelling agent was added.)
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand for 10min at a speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 15 parts of rectorite, 4 parts of diatomite and 16 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water was added thereto and stirred by a stirrer at a speed of 120rpm at 25 ℃ for 15 minutes until the components were uniformly dispersed to obtain a compost mixture.
Comparative example 4 (different from example 7 in that no natural minerals were added.)
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand for 10min at a speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 4 parts of diatomite and 6 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at the temperature of 20 ℃ at the speed of 60rpm by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water was added thereto and stirred by a stirrer at a speed of 120rpm at 25 ℃ for 15 minutes until the components were uniformly dispersed to obtain a compost mixture.
Comparative example 5 (different from example 7 in that an excessive amount of natural mineral was added.)
Stirring 30 parts of the compost inoculum and 30 parts of sea sand for 10min at a speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; then adding 16 parts of rectorite, 4 parts of diatomite and 6 parts of polyacrylamide particles, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 60rpm and 20 ℃ by a stirrer until the components are uniformly dispersed; finally, 15 parts of pure water was added thereto and stirred by a stirrer at a speed of 120rpm at 25 ℃ for 15 minutes until the components were uniformly dispersed to obtain a compost mixture.
Evaluation of Performance
The compost mixtures obtained in examples 1 to 21 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were evaluated for gas distribution and gas permeability using evaluation criteria including pellet structure fraction, soil bulk weight, and soil non-capillary porosity, and the evaluation data are shown in table 1. The aggregate structure ratio is measured to be an aggregate ratio with the particle size of 0.25-10 mm, the aggregate ratio reflects the effect of the soil conditioner on the formation of an aggregate structure, and the higher the value of the aggregate structure is, the more aggregate structures are formed, the more uniform the soil quality is, and the distribution of oxygen and the formation of pores in soil are facilitated; the volume weight of the soil is related to the texture, compaction condition, soil particle density and soil organic matter content of the soil, and the smaller the numerical value of the volume weight is, the higher the total porosity of the soil is, and the better the gas permeability is; the porosity of the non-capillary soil reflects the porosity of the compost soil through which gas can pass, and the higher the value of the porosity, the better the gas permeability.
TABLE 1 evaluation of gas distribution and gas permeability under Industrial composting conditions
Data analysis and conclusions
(1) Example 7 shows that the compost mixture obtained with the soil conditioner added has a higher percentage of granular structures and more non-capillary pores, and the test results of sampling at different sites are less different and the compost soil is more uniform than the compost mixture obtained in comparative example 1 without the soil conditioner added. The mutual cooperation among the natural minerals, the adsorbent and the expanding agent is illustrated to form more granular structures, and the formed porous compost mixture has a porous structure.
(2) The compost mixture of example 7 with the proper ratio of bulking agent to sorbent had a higher percentage of crumb structure and more non-capillary porosity than the compost mixture of comparative example 2 with excess sorbent added, and the results from the tests at different sites were less different and the compost soil was more uniform. The result shows that when the adsorbent is excessive, the gas distribution and the gas permeability of the compost soil can be improved, the gas distribution and the gas permeability cannot be matched with the using amount of the expanding agent and the natural mineral substances, dispersed soil aggregates are not easy to form, and clayey soil is easy to form, so that the pore space of the compost soil is reduced, the gas distribution performance is reduced, and the volume weight of the soil is increased, and the difference of test results of different sites is increased.
(3) The compost mixture of example 7 with the proper ratio of bulking agent to sorbent had a higher percentage of granular structures and more non-capillary voids than the compost mixture of comparative example 3 with excess bulking agent added, and the samples taken at different sites showed less variation in the results and more uniform compost soil. The result shows that when the amount of the expanding agent is too large, the gas distribution and permeability of the compost soil can still be improved, but the gas distribution and permeability cannot be matched with the amount of the adsorbent and the natural mineral, when the expanding agent absorbs water, expands and extrudes soil particles to promote agglomeration, pores of the natural mineral are easily blocked, the effect is reduced, and a good synergistic effect is not achieved, so that the uniformity of the compost soil is reduced, and the gas distribution is reduced due to the fact that the difference of test results at different sites is increased.
(4) Example 7 with the addition of soil added natural minerals gave a compost mixture with a higher percentage of granular structure and more non-capillary pores and a more uniform compost mixture than the compost mixture obtained in comparative example 4 without the addition of natural minerals. The results show that the added natural mineral substances play a role in improving the soil quality and increasing the soil porosity. And because the soil conditioner plays a synergistic role, the formed granular structure of the soil conditioner enables a compost degradation system to be more uniform.
(5) Example 7, with the addition of a suitable amount of natural minerals, resulted in a compost mixture with a higher percentage of granular structure and more non-capillary pores, and a more uniform compost mixture, compared to the compost mixture of comparative example 5 with the addition of an excess of natural minerals. The results show that when the natural minerals are too much, the gas permeability of the compost soil can still be improved, but the natural minerals cannot be matched with the dosage of the expanding agent and the adsorbent, are not beneficial to forming a granular structure, cannot well solve the problem of soil desertification, and reduce the effect of the soil conditioner.
Example 1 use of the porous compost mixture obtained
The procedure for degradation testing of PBAT was as follows:
s1, taking 1/9 of the porous compost mixture prepared in the example 1, adding 2/9 of PBAT powder (taking compost inoculum as reference), and stirring until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a test compost mixture; taking 1/9 of the porous compost mixture prepared in the example 1, adding 2/9 parts of cellulose powder (taking compost inoculum as reference), and stirring until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a reference compost mixture; taking 1/9 of the porous compost mixture prepared in the example 1, adding 2/9 of inert sea sand powder (taking compost inoculum as reference), and stirring until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain a blank compost mixture; respectively loading the obtained test compost mixture, the reference compost mixture and the blank compost mixture into compost containers, connecting the compost containers to a compost degradation test device, and starting a compost degradation test; 3 groups of parallel tests are respectively set for the test compost mixture, the reference compost mixture and the blank compost mixture;
s2, carrying out a compost degradation test according to GB/T19277.1-2011 and GB/T19277.2-2013 standards, and continuously monitoring the state of a compost system. The PBAT eventually degraded completely and the test was terminated.
As shown in FIG. 1, the degradation rate change curve of the PBAT shows no fluctuation, and is in line with the expectation. At the same time, it was observed that after the test was completed, the compost mixtures remained in a uniform, moist state, and did not cake or clog.
The compost inoculum in the invention is referred to national standard (GB/T19277.1-2011 and GB/T19277.2-2013); the raw materials and equipment used in the invention are common raw materials and equipment in the field if not specified; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, alterations and equivalents of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A porous compost mixture for use in a compost degradation test of polymeric material, characterized by: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-45 parts of compost inoculum, 20-40 parts of sea sand, 5-15 parts of natural mineral substances, 5-20 parts of soil conditioner and 10-40 parts of pure water;
the natural mineral comprises one or more of rectorite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, vermiculite, zeolite, mullite and porous hydroxyapatite;
the soil conditioner comprises an adsorbent and an expanding agent, wherein the adsorbent comprises one or more of diatomite, medical stone, lime and ferric oxide, and the expanding agent is polyacrylamide particles or/and bentonite.
2. A porous compost mixture for use in a compost degradation test of polymeric material as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the mass ratio of the adsorbent to the expanding agent is 1 to 9.
3. A method of preparing a porous compost mixture as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for use in a compost degradation test of polymeric material, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Stirring and mixing the compost inoculum and the sea sand uniformly at the temperature of 20-30 ℃;
(2) Adding natural mineral substances and a soil conditioner into the substances obtained in the step (1), and stirring and mixing uniformly;
(3) And (3) adding water into the substance obtained in the step (2) at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a porous compost mixture.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: in the step (1), the stirring speed is 50 to 70rpm, and the stirring time is 5 to 10min.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein: in the step (2), the stirring speed is 50 to 70rpm, and the stirring time is 5 to 10min.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein: in the step (3), the stirring speed is 110 to 130rpm, and the stirring time is 10 to 15 min.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein: in the step (3), the temperature is 20 to 25 ℃.
8. Use of the porous compost mixture of claim 1 in a compost degradation test of polymeric materials.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein: the specific method comprises the following steps: and adding the polymer material into the porous compost mixture, uniformly mixing, and carrying out a compost degradation test.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210916290.9A CN115493916A (en) | 2022-08-01 | 2022-08-01 | Porous compost mixture for polymer material compost degradation test and preparation and application methods thereof |
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| CN202210916290.9A CN115493916A (en) | 2022-08-01 | 2022-08-01 | Porous compost mixture for polymer material compost degradation test and preparation and application methods thereof |
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| CN202210916290.9A Pending CN115493916A (en) | 2022-08-01 | 2022-08-01 | Porous compost mixture for polymer material compost degradation test and preparation and application methods thereof |
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