CN115381813A - 一类黄酮类化合物在制备糖尿病防治药物中的应用 - Google Patents
一类黄酮类化合物在制备糖尿病防治药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,尤其涉及一类黄酮类化合物在制备糖尿病防治药物中的应用。本发明通过在29种化合物中进行α‑糖苷酶抑制活性检测试验,筛选到7个化合物具有α‑糖苷酶抑制活性,并进一步进行α‑葡萄糖苷酶动力学研究以及与阿卡波糖联合使用发现,与α‑葡萄糖苷酶表现出竞争性抑制的活性成分,可协同加强阿卡波糖对于糖苷酶的抑制。本发明进一步筛选到3个化合物具有α‑淀粉酶抑制活性,且这三个化合物均可协同加强阿卡波糖对于淀粉酶的抑制。根据各化合物对α‑糖苷酶和/或α‑淀粉酶的抑制效果,可以合理预期这些化合物具有调控血糖的功能,进而能够作为糖尿病防治药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,尤其涉及一类黄酮类化合物在制备糖尿病防治药物中的应用。本申请是母案专利名称为《糖尿病防治药物及其应用》,申请号为202110492845.7的专利的分案申请。
背景技术
糖尿病是一种常见的代谢性疾病,严重危害人类的健康,特别是高血糖会导致许多并发症,如高血压、肾脏疾病、中风、心脏病、神经系统损伤等。一些合成药物如阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖、米格列醇等被用来控制血糖,但存在许多副作用,如胃肠道胀气、腹泻、低血糖等症状。餐后血糖是导致二型糖尿病产生的重要因素,因此,餐后血糖控制是治疗二型糖尿病的方法之一。α-淀粉酶和α-糖苷酶是二型糖尿病餐后高血糖相关的两种碳水化合物消化酶,α-淀粉酶能催化α-1,4-糖苷键将多糖转化为较小的低聚糖片段,随后被α-葡萄糖苷酶降解。α-葡萄糖苷酶负责水解末端非还原性1,4-连接的α-葡萄糖残基,将可吸收单糖释放到血液中。抑制这两种碳水化合物消化酶的作用可以减少碳水化合物的水解和血糖升高。但是,传统药物对这两种酶的抑制效果仍然不够理想,现有技术中几乎没有能够同时抑制这两种酶活性的药物。因此,在糖尿病防治方面亟需开发新的药物。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了糖尿病防治药物及其应用,目的在于解决现有技术中的一部分问题或至少缓解现有技术中的一部分问题。
本发明还提供了一类黄酮类化合物在制备糖尿病防治药物中的应用,黄酮类化合物的结构如下结构式所示化合物中的任一种,
进一步地,所述黄酮类化合物联合阿卡波糖在制备糖尿病防治药物中的应用,所述化合物增强阿卡波糖对糖苷酶和淀粉酶抑制活性。
综上所述,本发明的优点及积极效果为:
本发明通过在29种化合物中进行α-糖苷酶抑制活性检测试验,筛选到7个化合物具有α-糖苷酶抑制活性,并进一步进行α-葡萄糖苷酶动力学研究以及与阿卡波糖联合使用发现,与α-葡萄糖苷酶表现出竞争性抑制的活性成分,可协同加强阿卡波糖对于糖苷酶的抑制。
本发明进一步筛选到3个化合物具有α-淀粉酶抑制活性,且这三个化合物均可协同加强阿卡波糖对于淀粉酶的抑制。根据各化合物对α-糖苷酶和/或α-淀粉酶的抑制效果,可以合理预期这些化合物具有调控血糖的功能,进而能够作为糖尿病防治药物。
本发明首次验证了7个化合物具有防治糖尿病的功能,并且可与临床药物阿卡波糖联用,增强其对α-糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活的抑制效果,是潜在的糖尿病防治天然药物。
附图说明
图1是黄酮类抑制剂的糖苷酶动力学情况;
图2是非黄酮类抑制剂的糖苷酶动力学情况;
图3是黄酮类抑制剂与阿卡波糖的联用情况;
图4是非黄酮类抑制剂与阿卡波糖的联用情况;
图5是黄酮类抑制剂与糖苷酶拼接结果;
图6是非黄酮类抑制剂与糖苷酶拼接结果;
图7是黄酮类抑制剂的淀粉酶动力学情况;
图8是黄酮类抑制剂与阿卡波糖联用情况;
图9是黄酮类抑制剂与淀粉酶拼接结果;
图10是本发明筛选到的7个具有α-糖苷酶和/或α-淀粉酶抑制活性的化合物。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明,各实施例及试验例中所用的设备和试剂如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
根据本申请包含的信息,对于本领域技术人员来说可以轻而易举地对本发明的精确描述进行各种改变,而不会偏离所附权利要求的精神和范围。应该理解,本发明的范围不局限于所限定的过程、性质或组分,因为这些实施方案以及其他的描述仅仅是为了示意性说明本发明的特定方面。实际上,本领域或相关领域的技术人员明显能够对本发明实施方式作出的各种改变都涵盖在所附权利要求的范围内。
为了更好地理解本发明而不是限制本发明的范围,在本申请中所用的表示用量、百分比的所有数字以及其他数值,在所有情况下都应理解为以词语“大约”所修饰。因此,除非特别说明,否则在说明书和所附权利要求书中所列出的数字参数都是近似值,其可能会根据试图获得的理想性质的不同而加以改变。各个数字参数至少应被看作是根据所报告的有效数字和通过常规的四舍五入方法而获得的。本发明中,“约”指给定值或范围的10%以内,优选为5%以内。
本发明披露了一类黄酮类化合物在制备糖尿病防治药物中的应用,具体如下实施例所示。
实施例1抗氧化及抗糖苷酶活性化合物筛选
本实施例中共进行了29种化合物的抗氧化及抗糖苷酶活性实验。具体实验方案、实验条件如下。
1、α-葡萄糖苷酶实验涉及的试剂包括:
(1)对硝基酚(pNP)标准溶液:将pNP(sigma,1048)用0.01M磷酸缓冲液配置成0.139mg/mL。
(2)底物pNPG配置:将底物pNPG(sigma,73677)用0.01M磷酸缓冲液配置成2mg/mL。
(3)α-葡萄糖苷酶配置:将α-葡萄糖苷酶(sigma,G5003)用0.01M磷酸缓冲液配置成50μg/mL。
(4)待测样品配置:将样品或阿卡波糖(sigma,A8980)用DMSO配置成100mmol/L的储备液,然后用0.01M磷酸缓冲液稀释成4mmol/L备用。
2、抗氧化实验采用的是ABTS试剂盒检测,(碧云天,货号:S0121)。
参考文献:Chen L,Gin KY,He Y.Effects of sulfate on microcystinproduction,photosynthesis,and oxidative stress in Microcystisaeruginosa.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.2016 Feb;23(4):3586-95.
3、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性筛选
(1)反应体系为250μL,由100μL PNPG和100μL样品以及50μLα-葡萄糖苷酶构成。
(2)在96孔板中加入100μL PNPG底物和100μL样品,充分混匀,静置10min,其中分为阴性对照组(100μL PNPG+100μL 0.01M磷酸缓冲液),阳性对照组(100μL PNPG+100μL4mmol/L阿卡波糖溶液),样品组(100μL PNPG+100μL 4mmol/L样品溶液),每组做6个复孔。
(3)然后,向各孔加入50μLα-葡萄糖苷酶,充分混匀,37℃静置15min后,405nm处测定吸光值。根据公式:抑制率=(1-OD样品/OD阴性对照)x100,其中OD样品是样品组的吸光度,OD阴性对照是阴性对照组的吸光度,确定各样品对α-葡萄糖苷酶是否具有抑制作用。
(4)IC50的测定:挑选出具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的样品,将样品从8mmol/L开始稀释,共稀释7个梯度,重复步骤(1)-(3),计算酶活性的变化,通过origin软件(OriginPro9.0.0)进行sigmoidal曲线拟合,确认各样品对α-葡萄糖苷酶的半抑制率IC50值。
本实施例中涉及的部分化合物可通过商业渠道直接购买,另有部分化合物可参照文献中的方法进行提取制备或合成获得。
29种化合物的化学结构式分别如下:
本实施例中上述29种化合物的抗氧化及抗糖苷酶活性检测结果见下表1所示:
表1抗氧化及抗糖苷酶活性初筛
由表1中的检测结果可知,在本实施例进行试验的29种化合物中,大部分化合物对α-糖苷酶都是有抑制率,但只选择了比阳性对照物(阿卡波糖)效果显著提升的7个化合物进行了复筛,以突出本次分离到的天然产物的“高效性”。这7个化合物的编号及结构式分别为(同时见图10):
其中:
7号化合物名称:5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)chroman-4-one。参照文献(朱宇红,赵敏,任璐.麦冬花化学成分研究[J].中药材,2011,34:720-723.)获得。
11号化合物名称:(2S)-4′,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-8-methylflavan。参考文献(Dutra-Behrens María,Guillermo Schmeda Hirschmann.New Homoisoflavanes,a newalkaloid andSpirostane steroids from the roots of herreria montevidensisKlotzsch ex Griseb.(Herreriaceae)[J].Molecules,2016,3:1589-1600.)获得。
12号化合物名称:5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)chromone。参照文献(江洪波,黄静,黄连.麦冬中新成分二氢高异黄酮的研究[J].华西药学杂志,2012,27:501-502.)获得。
13号化合物名称:erythro-7R,8S-7-O-ethylguaiacyl glycerol。参照文献(程卓阳,周乐,刘思帆,等.山楂核中的芳香族化合物及其抗氧化活性[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2015,32;238:18-21.)获得。
15号化合物名称:trans-N-p-coumaroyltyramine。参照文献(zhao Ya-min,QiHuan-yang,Shi Yan-Ping,et al.Several chromones from the stems of polygonumaubertii Henry[J].Journal of Aisa Natural Products Research.2010,12:429-628.)获得。
16号化合物名称:4,6-dichloro-5-methyl-benzene-1,3-diol。参照文献(SlavovNikolay,Cvengros Jan,Neudoerfl Joerg-Martin,et al.Pestalone and itssurprisingly facile conversion into pestalalactone and pestalachloride A[J].Angewandte Chemie,2010,49:7588-7591.)获得。
25号化合物名称:(2S)-4′-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-8-methylflavan。参照文献(Liu Jian,Dai Hao-Fu,Wu Jiao,et al.Flavanes from Dracaena cambodiana[J].Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B,2015,63:1407-1410.)获得。
实施例2各化合物的α-葡萄糖苷酶动力学研究
实验方法:
①pNP标准曲线的绘制
利用0.01M磷酸缓冲液将pNP标准溶液等倍稀释至终浓度为0.5mM、0.25mM、0.125mM、0.0625mM、0.03125mM、0.015625mM。取250μL于96孔板,每个浓度做6个复孔,测量405nm处吸光值,通过origin软件(OriginPro 9.0.0)进行线性拟合,绘制pNP的浓度-OD405标准曲线并获得计算公式。
②样品的动力学分析
(1)用0.01M磷酸缓冲液对pNPG底物进行等倍梯度稀释,终浓度分别为2mg/mL、1mg/mL、0.5mg/mL、0.25mg/mL及0.125mg/mL。
(2)用0.01M的磷酸缓冲液将样品稀释至IC50浓度,取100μL样品在96孔板中分别与100μL 2mg/mL~0.125mg/mL的底物,充分混匀。静置10min。
(3)各孔再加入50μLα-葡萄糖苷酶,充分混匀,37℃静置15min后,测定405nm处吸光值。通过pNP的浓度-OD405标准曲线,计算每分钟消耗的pNPG,以1μmol/min计为1酶活单位U。以底物浓度和酶活按Lineweaver-Burk作图,进行线性拟合。
(4)利用0.01M的磷酸缓冲液对样品进一步等倍稀释多个梯度,每一浓度梯度重复步骤(2)-(3)。通过比较不同样品浓度条件下的Km和Vmax变化情况,判断样品属于竞争性抑制/非竞争抑制/反竞争抑制或混合型抑制的类型。
实验结果见图1和图2所示。图1为黄酮类化合物的动力学情况,其中图1中的A、B、C图分别为7、11、12号:竞争性/非竞争性混合抑制;D图为25号:非竞争性抑制。图2为非黄酮类的动力学情况,其中图2中的A图为13号:竞争性/非竞争性混合抑制型;B图为15号:反竞争性抑制;C图为16号:竞争性抑制。
实施例3各化合物与阳性药物(阿卡波糖)的联用效果
实验方法:反应体系、条件与实施例1中相同,将样品和阳性对照物(阿卡波糖)分别设置3个浓度梯度,进行联用。
(1)将100μL样品替换为50μL 2x IC50样品,50μL 2x IC50阿卡波糖的混合物。
(2)将100μL样品替换为50μL 1x IC50样品,50μL 1x IC50阿卡波糖的混合物。
(3)将100μL样品替换为50μL 0.5x IC50样品,50μL 0.5x IC50阿卡波糖的混合物。
实验结果见图3和图4所示。图3为黄酮类抑制剂与阿卡波糖的联用情况;图4为非黄酮类抑制剂与阿卡波糖的联用情况。所有表现出与α-葡萄糖苷酶竞争性抑制的活性成分(即7号、11号、12号、13号和16号化合物),可协同加强阿卡波糖对于糖苷酶的活性。
非竞争性抑制说明化合物作用的是非催化核心,竞争性抑制是因为化合物与酶的活性出现了相互作用才会导致的,在后续的分子拼接过程中,有明确的拼接模型,具有继续深入研究的意义。反竞争抑制说明酶和底物出现了构象改变后才能结合,在数据库和软件上都有特殊需求。
本研究中,活性化合物与阿卡波糖分别都选用了IC50所对应的浓度进行联用,IC50本身就是抑制酶活性50%时所对应的浓度,单独使用时,抑制酶活就是抑制了50%。
实施例4分子模拟对接实验
实验方法:
(1)酶结构文件准备:分别从www1.rcsb.org/下载α-糖苷酶(3A4A)结构文件,使用PyMol对其中的水分子与配体进行剔除。
(2)样品文件准备:使用Chem 3D(Version 19)将样品转换为三维结构文件。
(3)分子拼接:使用MGLTools(Version 1.5.6)将酶设置为macromolecule,将样品设置为ligand。α-糖苷酶拼接Grid Box参数为x=21.272,y=-0.751,z=18.633,size_x,y,z=80。使用AutoDock Vina进行拼接,并使用PyMol对拼接结果进行标注。
实验结果见图5和图6所示。图5为黄酮类抑制剂的拼接结果,实验发现,黄酮类抑制剂通过与酶催化核心有关的156位赖氨酸、158位酪氨酸、240位和241位丝氨酸、242位天冬氨酸、279位谷氨酸酰胺、310位苏氨酸、315位精氨酸、352位天冬氨酸、411位谷氨酸主链/侧链互作。图6为非黄酮类抑制剂与阿卡波糖的联用情况,实验发现,非黄酮类抑制剂通过与酶催化核心有关的213、315和442位精氨酸、215位天冬氨酸、277位谷氨酸互作。
实施例5α-淀粉酶实验
1、α-淀粉酶实验涉及的试剂包括:
(1)淀粉溶液配制:将可溶性淀粉(CAS:9005-84-9)用磷酸缓冲液配制成4mg/mL。
(2)α-淀粉酶:将α-淀粉酶用磷酸缓冲液配制成0.5mg/mL。
(3)KI溶液:将KI和I2单质按10:1的比例溶解在蒸馏水中,配置成5.6mg/L的KI溶液。
2、α-淀粉酶抑制活性筛选
(1)在96孔板中加入20μL淀粉溶液,然后加入20μL样品,充分混匀,室温反应5min。
体系设置阴性对照组(20μL 4mg/ml淀粉溶液+20μL磷酸缓冲液),阳性对照组(20μL 4mg/ml淀粉溶液+20μL 2mmol/L阿卡波糖),样品组(20μL 4mg/ml淀粉溶液+20μL 2mmol/L样品)。
(2)各孔加入40μL淀粉酶溶液,充分混匀后,室温放置10min。
(3)加入20μL 1M HCl溶液,充分混匀,终止反应。
(4)加入100μL KI溶液显色,充分混匀,测定580nm处吸光值。根据公式:抑制率%=(OD阳性-OD样品)/(OD阳性-OD阴性)*100,其中OD样品是样品组的吸光度,OD阳性是阳性对照组的吸光度,OD阴性是阴性对照组的吸光度,确定各样品对α淀粉酶是否具有抑制作用。
(5)IC50的测定:挑选出具有α-淀粉酶抑制活性的样品,将每个样品用磷酸缓冲液从10mmol/L开始稀释,共稀释7个梯度,重复步骤(1)-(4),计算酶活性的变化,通过origin软件进行倒sigmoidal曲线拟合,确认各样品对α-淀粉酶的半抑制率IC50值。
本实施例中将筛选出的7种有α-糖苷酶抑制活性的化合物都进行了α-淀粉酶实验,最终发现只有3种具有抑制α-淀粉酶的作用。实验结果见表2所示。
表2各化合物抑制α-淀粉酶IC50值
实施例6α-淀粉酶动力学研究
①淀粉标准曲线的绘制:配置4、2、1、0.5、0.25、0.125、0.0625mg/mL淀粉溶液,取100μL各浓度淀粉溶液分别与100μL KI溶液混合,测量580nm吸光值,每个浓度做6个复孔。通过origin软件(OriginPro 9.0.0)进行线性拟合,绘制淀粉的浓度-OD580标准曲线并获得计算公式。
②样品的动力学分析
(1)用磷酸缓冲液将样品稀释至IC50浓度。
(2)取20μL样品在96孔板中分别与20μL 4mg/mL~0.25mg/mL的底物充分混匀,室温静置5min。各孔加入40μL 0.5mg/ml淀粉酶溶液,充分混匀后,室温放置10min。
(3)加入20μL 1M HCl溶液,充分混匀,终止反应。
(4)加入100μL KI溶液显色,充分混匀,测定580nm处吸光值。
(5)通过淀粉的浓度-OD580标准曲线,计算每分钟消耗的淀粉质量,依Lineweaver-Burk作图,进行线性拟合。
(6)用磷酸缓冲液对样品进一步等倍稀释多个梯度,每一浓度梯度重复步骤(2)-(5)。通过比较不同样品浓度条件下的Km和Vmax变化情况,判断样品属于竞争性抑制/非竞争抑制/反竞争抑制或混合型抑制类型。
实验结果见图7所示,图7中的A图为7号:混合抑制;B图为11号:混合抑制;C图为12号:混合抑制。
实施例7各化合物与阳性药物(阿卡波糖)的联用效果
反应体系、条件与实施例5中相同,将样品和阳性对照物(阿卡波糖)分别设置3个浓度梯度,进行联用。
(1)将100μL样品替换为50μL 2x IC50样品,50μL 2x IC50阿卡波糖的混合物。
(2)将100μL样品替换为50μL 1x IC50样品,50μL 1x IC50阿卡波糖的混合物。
(3)将100μL样品替换为50μL 0.5x IC50样品,50μL 0.5x IC50阿卡波糖的混合物。
实验结果见图8所示。结果显示,7、11、12号样品可增强阿卡波糖对淀粉酶的抑制作用。
实施例8分子模拟对接结果
实验方法:
(1)酶结构文件准备:分别从www1.rcsb.org/下载淀粉酶(1DHK)结构文件,使用PyMol对其中的水分子与配体进行剔除。
(2)样品文件准备:使用Chem 3D(Version 19)将样品转换为三维结构文件。
(3)分子拼接:使用MGLTools(Version 1.5.6)将酶设置为macromolecule,将样品设置为ligand。淀粉酶拼接Grid Box参数为x=96.833,y=31.998,z=17.373,size_x,y,z=40。使用AutoDock Vina进行拼接,并使用PyMol对拼接结果进行标注。
实验结果见图9所示。实验结果显示,黄酮类抑制剂通过与酶催化核心有关的13位赖氨酸、31位谷氨酰胺、35位天冬酰胺、237位亮氨酸、264苏氨酸、26、270、311丝氨酸互作。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
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