CN115362137A - 可穿透电磁辐射的玻璃件 - Google Patents

可穿透电磁辐射的玻璃件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115362137A
CN115362137A CN202180024257.9A CN202180024257A CN115362137A CN 115362137 A CN115362137 A CN 115362137A CN 202180024257 A CN202180024257 A CN 202180024257A CN 115362137 A CN115362137 A CN 115362137A
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China
Prior art keywords
glass
major surface
low emissivity
coated
conductive layer
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CN202180024257.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
S·R·戴
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Pilkington Group Ltd
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Pilkington Group Ltd
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Publication of CN115362137A publication Critical patent/CN115362137A/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/006Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
    • C03C17/008Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character comprising a mixture of materials covered by two or more of the groups C03C17/02, C03C17/06, C03C17/22 and C03C17/28
    • C03C17/009Mixtures of organic and inorganic materials, e.g. ormosils and ormocers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/068Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10174Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/06Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
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    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
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    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3626Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3644Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
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    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3649Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer made of metals other than silver
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
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    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3655Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating containing at least one conducting layer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
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    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3657Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
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    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
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    • C03C17/3681Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
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    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/30Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
    • C03C2218/365Coating different sides of a glass substrate

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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种玻璃件,包括:至少一个透明基材,其包含第一主表面和相对的第二主表面,其中所述第一主表面涂有导电层,其中在第一主表面的一个或多个区域中不存在导电层,其中i)所述第一主表面的一个或多个区域,和/或i i)相对的第二主表面的相应区域的至少一部分载有低发射率材料,并且其中所述一个或多个区域允许电磁辐射通过该玻璃件。

Description

可穿透电磁辐射的玻璃件
技术领域
本发明涉及带有导电层的玻璃件,该玻璃件对电磁辐射可穿透,并在穿透率区域表现出低发射率性能。本发明还涉及制备所述玻璃件和使用所述玻璃件的方法。
背景技术
在现有技术中已知为玻璃件提供导电层以减少IR通过窗的透射。还众所周知,这些导电涂层显著衰减无线电波和微波的传播。无线电和微波通信信号的衰减通常是这些导电层的不想要的副作用。通过除去这些导电层的某些选定部分,可以恢复无线电和微波通信。例如,US 5867129提到了一种带有导电层的窗,其尽管屏蔽长波的电磁辐射并反射红外辐射,但允许微波通过。这是通过包含至少一个狭缝的导电层来实现的,其长度是微波辐射波长的函数。优选在此实例中,狭缝用肉眼不可见,因为它们会分散车辆驾驶员的注意力。这些导电涂层确实与可见光相互作用,且实际不可能以人眼无法注意地进行去除的方式来去除它们。去除是可注意到的,因为光透射发生变化或玻璃件颜色发生变化。
众所周知,许多玻璃涂层都是由不同组成的多层产生的。通常,每一层都具有精确计算的厚度和折射指数,因此就实用性而言,整个导电涂层显然是透明(transparent)且中性着色的。除去或省略导电涂层的一部分的作用是,涂覆和未涂覆区之间的边界可变得特别引起眼睛注意,因为这些精确的层厚度在涂层的蚀刻或选择性沉积的边界上变得局部受扰。
US 5620799描述了一种玻璃件,其在特定区中就一部分电磁频谱中具有良好透射率,允许传播数据。在该表面的其余部分上方,可以通过反射和/或吸收来防止相同的辐射通过。玻璃件可能具有金属性涂层,并在所述区具有发射器和/或接收器。为了减轻该区与玻璃件的其余部分可用肉眼区分开的效果,并赋予玻璃件均匀的外观,可以选择性地将玻璃件着色成较深的光学阴影。在汽车玻璃设计中,常见的做法是跨风挡的上边缘使玻璃件着色,以减少对车辆乘员的太阳眩光。US 5620799指出,为数据传输所创区在着色玻璃件区中时在视觉上不那么明显。它还强调,着色阴影可变化,且在数据传输区的区域中特别强烈。
EP 0717459描述了具有金属性层的玻璃件,其具有在层中设置的间距网格形式的图案,以允许微波和较长波的电磁辐射通过。可以在网格后面布置置用于微波接收的平面天线。用激光切入导电涂层的网格线的宽度被描述为0.1mm-0.05mm,因此它们在光学上较难以视觉检测。
现代社会期望轻松使用手机和其他设备,尤其是当用户靠窗站立时,该窗给出了外界的可见视野。如果此窗是太阳IR控制窗,那么对于无线电和微波透射和接收,这样的位置通常很差。但是,在至少某些区域中省略或去除这些玻璃件中的导电涂层导致IR热量损失或增益,这是不可接受的。
发明内容
因此,提供允许电磁辐射通过而不明显损失低发射率特性的带导电层玻璃件将会是有利的。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种玻璃件,包含:
至少一个透明基材,其包含第一主表面和相对的第二主表面,
其中所述第一主表面涂有导电层,
其中在第一主表面的一个或多个区域中不存在导电层,
其中
i)所述第一主表面的一个或多个区域,和/或
ii)相对的第二主表面的相应区域
的至少一部分载有低发射率材料,并且
其中所述一个或多个区域允许电磁辐射通过该玻璃件。
因此,本发明的玻璃件提供了允许电磁辐射(例如移动或蜂窝电话信号)通过玻璃件的优势,同时保留了出色的低发射率特性。
在本发明的上下文中,相对的第二主表面的“相应区域”是指当垂直于第一主表面观察时,相对的第二主表面的完全与所述第一主表面的一个或多个区域重叠的区域。
在本发明的上下文中,电磁辐射“通过玻璃”是指电磁辐射从第一主表面外的位置通到相对的第二主表面外的位置,或反之亦然。
在本发明的上下文中,当称层是“基于”一种或多种特定材料或者一种或多种特定材料“基”时,这意味着该层主要由相应的所述一种材料或多种材料组成,其通常意味着它包含至少约50at%的所述一种或多种材料。
在以下对本发明的讨论中,对于参数允许范围的上限或下限的替代值的公开,连同一个所述值比另一值更高度优选的指示,应当解释为暗示着所述参数的每个中间值(位于所述替代的更优选和较不优选值之间)本身优选于所述较不优选值以及在所述较不优选值和所述中间值之间的每个值,除非相反指出。
在整个说明书中,术语“包含”或“包括”一词是指包含指定的组分,但不排除其他组分的存在。“基本由...组成”或“基本由...构成”一词是指包括指定的组分,排除其他组分,但以杂质存在的材料,由于用于提供组分的工艺而存在的不可避免的材料,以及用于实现本发明的技术效果之外的目的而添加的组分例外。通常,当提到组合物时,基本由一组组分组成的组合物将会包含少于5重量%,通常小于3重量%,更通常小于1重量%的非指定组分。
术语“由...组成”或“由...构成”是指包括指定的组分,但排除其他组分。
在任何适当的情况下,根据上下文,也可以使用“包含”或“包括”一词来包括“基本由...组成”或“基本由...构成”的含义,也可以将其视为包括“由...组成”或“由...构成”的含义。
本文中提到例如“在x到y范围内”旨在包括“从x到y”的解释,且因此包括值x和y。
在本发明的上下文中,透明的材料是一种能够透射可见光的材料,使得可以通过所述材料清楚地看到位于所述材料之外或之后的物体或图像。
在本发明的上下文中,层的厚度表示为对于在层表面处的任何给定位置,在层的最小尺度方向中从在层表面的所述位置到所述层相对表面处的位置穿过该层的距离。
优选地,第一主表面的不存在导电层的所述一个或多个区域的每者的至少一部分载有低发射率材料。第一主表面的不存在导电层的所述一个或多个区域的每者的优选基本全部,更优选全部,载有低发射率材料。
优选地,低发射率材料表现出小于0.3,更优选小于0.2,甚至更优选小于0.1,最优选小于0.05的发射率。优选地,玻璃件表现出小于0.4,更优选小于0.3,甚至更优选小于0.2,最优选小于0.1的发射率。根据EN 12898:2019,可以使用市售光谱仪方便地测量发射率。优选地,玻璃件表现出小于0.4,更优选小于0.3,甚至更优选小于0.2,最优选小于0.1的发射率。优选地,所述发射率是通过测量和考虑如下相对表面积的发射率计算出的平均发射率:
1)透明基材的第一主表面的存在导电层的区域,
2)透明基材表面的载有低发射率材料的区域,和
3)透明基材的第一主表面的不存在导电层和低发射率材料的区域,其中透明基材的相对第二主表面的相应区域也不存在低发射率材料。
优选地,载有低发射率材料的表面区域表现出小于0.5,更优选小于0.4,甚至更优选小于0.3,最优选小于0.2的发射率。
低发射率材料可包括涂覆的玻璃、涂覆的微珠(microbead)、介电多层涂层、金属和/或金属氧化物中的一种或多种。
涂覆的玻璃和/或涂覆的微珠优选涂有低发射率涂层。低发射率涂层可包括至少一个基于IR反射金属或IR反射金属氧化物的层。IR反射金属可以是任何合适的金属,例如银、金或铝。IR反射金属氧化物可以是任何合适的氧化物,例如二氧化钛或氧化铝或透明的导电氧化物(TCO)。TCO可以是任何合适的TCO,例如氟掺杂的氧化锡、锑掺杂的氧化锡或铟掺杂的氧化锡,优选是氟掺杂的氧化锡。涂覆的微珠可以是涂覆的聚合物或涂覆的陶瓷微珠。
介电多层涂层可包括基于非导电金属氧化物和/或非导电金属氮化物的层。多层涂层可包含:第一层,其是透明的和折射指数在1.8到2.1范围内的金属化合物的介电膜,该介电膜沉积在透明基材的第一主表面上;第二层,其是透明的和折射指数在2.2到2.5范围内的金属化合物的介电膜,该介电膜沉积在第一层上;和第三层,其是透明的和折射指数在1.8到2.1的范围内金属化合物的介电膜,该介电膜沉积在第二层上。SnOx(0<x≤2),TaOx(0<x≤2.5),ZrOx(0<x≤2)或AlNx(0<x≤1)作为折射指数在1.8至2.1范围内的介电金属化合物有用,且TiOx(0<x≤2)适合作为介电指数在2.2到2.5范围内的介电金属化合物。应该注意的是,本文所述的折射指数值报告为跨400-780nm电磁光谱的平均值。介电多层涂层可进一步包含金属颗粒或金属氧化物颗粒。这样的颗粒可以改善低发射率的性能,同时允许电磁辐射的通过。
金属可以是任何合适的金属,例如银、金或铝,优选银。金属氧化物可以是任何合适的金属氧化物,例如二氧化钛或氧化铝或TCO,例如氟掺杂的氧化锡、锑掺杂的氧化锡或铟掺杂的氧化锡,优选氟掺杂的氧化锡。
低发射率材料可以为涂覆的玻璃、涂覆的微珠、金属和/或金属氧化物的片体和/或颗粒的形式。涂覆玻璃的片体的例子是可从NGF Europe Limited,St Helens,UK获得的
Figure BDA0003860376830000051
Metashine。金属片体可以是铝片体。
涂覆的玻璃、金属和/或金属氧化物的片体优选具有从0.1-10μm,更优选从1-8μm,甚至更优选从4-6μm的平均厚度。优选地,涂覆的玻璃、金属和/或金属氧化物的片体具有从5-4000μm,更优选从10-1700μm,甚至更优选从20-500μm,最优选从25-150μm平均直径。优选地,涂覆的玻璃、金属和/或金属氧化物的片体具有大于或等于10,更优选15,最优选20的纵横比(平均直径除以平均厚度)。
涂覆的玻璃、涂覆的微珠、金属和/或金属氧化物的颗粒优选具有1-1000μm,更优选10-500μm,甚至更优选20-300μm的平均直径。涂覆玻璃的颗粒可包括玻璃微球,其中玻璃微球可为实心或空心的。优选地,玻璃微球是实心的。
低发射率材料可优选形成附接到基材第一主表面的涂层和/或膜的至少一部分。优选地,将低发射率材料分散在涂层和/或膜中。作为替代或补充,低发射率材料可至少形成或者位于与玻璃接触,位于涂层和/或膜中,或者位于涂层和/或膜的暴露表面上的层的一部分。优选所述层是不连续的。
涂层可进一步包含粘合剂,例如基于环氧类的树脂或沥青介质。优选以油漆的形式施加涂层。或者,可以使用另一合适的技术例如化学气相沉积或溶胶凝胶方法施加涂层。
该膜可优选是基于聚合物的膜,例如基于聚酯的膜。优选通过粘合剂附接到玻璃件。
涂层和/或膜可以是透明的、不透明的或光散射的(optically diffuse)。涂层和/或膜可能进一步包含颜料。在某些应用中,在美学上可期望涂层和/或膜是不透明和/或表现出非中性颜色。
优选地,低发射率材料的密度小于5g/cm3,更优选小于3g/cm3,甚至更优选小于2g/cm3,但优选超过0.1g/cm3,更优选超过0.5g/cm3,甚至更优选超过1g/cm3。优选地,所述密度是形成附接到基材第一主表面的涂层和/或膜的至少一部分的低发射率材料的密度。
优选地,涂层和/或膜包含至少0.5wt%的低发射率材料,优选至少1wt%,甚至更优选至少2wt%,但优选至多15wt%,优选至多10wt%,甚至更优选至多5wt%。
优选地,涂层的物理厚度为至少10nm,更优选至少50nm,甚至更优选至少100nm,但优选至多1000nm,最优选至多是500nm,甚至更优选至多是400nm。
优选地,膜的物理厚度为至少1微米,更优选至少10微米,甚至更优选至少50微米,但优选至多1000微米,更优选至多500微米,甚至更优选至多200微米。
优选地,对第一主表面的不存在导电层的一个或多个区域进行设置以允许对应于甚高频(30-300MHz,10m-1m),特高频(300-3000MHz,1m-100mm)和/或超高频(3-30GHz,100mm-10mm)的电磁辐射通过。更优选地,对第一主表面的不存在导电层的一个或多个区域进行设置以仅允许对应于甚高频(30-300MHz,10m-1m),特高频(300-3000MHz,1m-100mm)和/或超高频(3-30GHz,100mm-10mm)的电磁辐射通过。优选地,对不存在导电层的所述区域进行设置以允许仅对应于特高频和/或超高频的电磁辐射通过,更优选允许对应于仅移动手机或蜂窝电话和/或可无线连接到互联网功能设备的频率的电磁辐射通过。
第一主表面的不存在导电层和/或载有低发射率材料的一个或多个区域可以位于第一主表面的周边100毫米内,优选周边75毫米内,更优选周边50毫米内,甚至更优选周边30毫米内,但优选离周边至少5mm,更优选离周边至少15毫米,甚至更优选离周边至少20毫米。
第一主表面的不存在导电层和/或载有低发射率材料的一个或多个区域可以是任何合适的形状。在一些实施方案中,优选所述一个或多个区域被成形为条带。优选地,每个条带的宽度为至少10毫米,更优选至少30毫米,甚至更优选至少40毫米,但优选至多200毫米,最优选至多100毫米,甚至更优选至多70毫米。优选地,每个条带的长度为至少100毫米,更优选至少300毫米,甚至更优选至少400毫米。
优选地,每个条带基本平行,优选平行于第一主表面的最接近的周边边缘。优选地,每条条带的长度为第一主表面的最接近的周边边缘长度的至少70%,更优选至少90%,甚至更优选至少95%,最优选基本相同。
优选导电层是透明的。这种设置使观察者可以通过整个玻璃件具有清楚视野。在一些实施方案中,在第一主表面载有低发射率材料的所述一个或多个区域部分处通过玻璃件透射的光可与第一主表面没有低发射率材料的区域处通过玻璃件透射的光不同。在一些实施方案中,在第一主表面载有低发射率材料的所述一个或多个区域部分处通过玻璃件反射的光可与第一主表面没有低发射率材料的区域处通过玻璃件反射的光不同。这样的设置为观察者提供了通过整个玻璃件的独特视野,以及在载有低发射率材料的区域与没有低发射率材料的区域之间明显可见的区别。在正常光条件如日光和/或人造光源下,这种可见的区别可为明显的。在载有低发射率材料的区域与没有低发射率材料的区域之间的区别可具有水印效果外观,其既不唐突(unobtrus ive),又易于可见。在一些实施方案中,载有低发射率材料的所述一个或多个区域的部分可形成至少一个符号。
玻璃可具有透明区域和非透明区域,例如不透明区域。优选玻璃件基本完全透明。当通过玻璃件的主表面观察时,优选玻璃件的至少80%,更优选至少90%,甚至更优选至少95%是透明的,其中出于这些值的目的,所述主表面的整个表面积被认为代表玻璃件100%。最优选地,玻璃件是完全透明的。
可以以重复模式设置所述不存在导电层和/或载有低发射率材料的一个或多个区域。这样的设置可以增强玻璃件的美学吸引力。
照明效应可用于增强所述不存在导电层的一个或多个区域的可见性和/或美学吸引力。玻璃件可进一步包含一个或多个灯,例如用电灯。所述一个或多个灯可优选位于玻璃件的周边。可以将灯直接或间接地附接到玻璃件的外表面,或者灯可位于玻璃件内部,例如,可将灯层叠在玻璃件内。该灯可包含LED部件或LED设备,其可沉积在基材如塑料膜或玻璃表面上或层叠于基材之间。或者,该灯可包含在基材上形成的一种或多种电致发光材料。如果灯是用电灯,则可以由导电层形成一个或多个导体,其中所述层不完全阻止电磁辐射在符号区域中通过玻璃件。
优选地,至少一个导电层包含金属、导电有机聚合物、导电碳形式,和/或通过掺杂而基本导电的金属氧化物。太阳能控制的导电层材料的特别重要实例包括银、铜、金、铝、氧化锡、氧化铟和氧化锌。导电层可通过反射由例如建筑物内部发出的红外辐射而降低玻璃件的发射率(“低e涂层”)从而实现热绝缘特性,和/或减少其太阳能透射(“太阳能控制涂层”)从而屏蔽内部房间免于过量太阳能(热能)进入。导电层可以是具有至少一个透明银基层的层系统,其遵循如下结构:层玻璃/下抗反射层/银基层/外抗反射层。在这种类型的层系统中,银层主要用作红外反射层,而可以通过材料和厚度的合适选择采用抗反射(“AR”)层来根据应用影响在光谱可见区域中的透射和反射特性、发射率和太阳能透射率。
优选地,至少一个透明基材是至少一个透明的玻璃基材。透明的玻璃基材可为明净的(clear)或着色的。优选透明的玻璃基材是明净透明的玻璃基材。透明的玻璃基材可以基于金属氧化物的玻璃窗格。玻璃窗格可为明净或着色的浮法玻璃窗格。优选玻璃窗格是明净的玻璃窗格。典型的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃组成(按重量)为:SiO2 69-74%;Al2O3 0-3%;Na2O 10-16%;K2O 0-5%;MgO 0-6%;CaO 5-14%;SO30-2%和Fe2O3 0.005-2%。玻璃组成还可包含其他添加剂,例如澄清剂,其通常以至多2%的量存在。明净的浮法玻璃是指具有如在BS EN572-1和BS EN 572-2(2004)中定义的组成的玻璃。对于明净的浮法玻璃,Fe2O3的重量水平通常为0.11%。Fe2O3含量少于约0.05重量%的浮法玻璃通常称为低铁浮法玻璃。这样的玻璃通常具有其他组分氧化物的基本组成,即低铁浮法玻璃也是钠钙硅酸盐玻璃,就像明净的浮法玻璃那样。通常,着色的浮法玻璃具有至少0.5重量%的Fe2O3,例如1.0重量%Fe2O3。或者,玻璃窗格是基于硼硅酸盐的玻璃窗格、基于碱性铝硅酸盐的玻璃窗格或基于氧化铝的晶体玻璃窗格。
优选玻璃件包含至少两个透明基材,其中基材被间隙分离,和/或至少一个中间材料片层被层叠于基材之间。优选导电层位于所述至少两个透明基材之间。中间层材料可以选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和其他聚合物。
优选地,玻璃件进一步包含附接于玻璃件周边的框架。该框架可包含支撑玻璃件的任何合适的周围部,例如窗框和/或门。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一个多层玻璃件单元,其包含:
至少两个透明基材,各自包含第一主表面和相对的第二主表面,
其中至少一个透明基材在第一主表面上涂覆有导电层,
其中在第一主表面的一个或多个区域中不存在导电层,
其中
i)所述第一主表面的一个或多个区域,和/或
ii)至少两个透明基材的不同主表面的相应区域
的至少一部分载有低发射率材料,并且
其中所述一个或多个区域允许电磁辐射通过所述玻璃件。
在本发明的上下文中,另一主表面的“相应区域”是指当垂直于第一主表面观察时,相对的第二主表面的完全与第一主表面的一个或多个区域重叠的区域。
在本发明的上下文中,电磁辐射“通过玻璃”是指电磁辐射从第一面向外部的透明基材外部的位置通到第二面向外部的透明基材外部的位置,或反之亦然。
优选地,至少两个透明基材的相邻透明基材被间隙分离,和/或至少一个中间层材料片层被层叠于所述基材之间。优选地,导电层和/或低发射率材料位于两个透明基材之间。优选地,导电层和低发射率材料都位于相同的两个透明基材之间。
根据本发明的进一步方面,提供了一种制备根据本发明的玻璃件的方法,包含:
用导电层涂覆至少一个透明基材,
其中,或者导电层通过掩模而沉积以及/或者在沉积导电层后部分去除,
将低发射率材料施加于
i)所述第一主表面的一个或多个区域,和/或
ii)相对的第二主表面的相应区域
的至少一部分。
可以使用化学、激光和/或喷砂方式进行导电层的部分去除。该化学方式可包括用浓氢氟酸溶液去除。
以上关于与本发明的第一方面列出的任何特征也可以用于本发明的任何其他方面。
加上必要的变更,本文所述的任何发明都可以与本文所述的任何其他发明的特征结合在一起。
应理解,适用于本发明的一个方面的任选特征可以以任何组合和任何数量使用。此外,它们也可以以任何组合和任何数量用于本发明任何其他方面。这包括但不限于任何权利要求的从属权利要求,其用作本申请权利要求书中的任何其他权利要求的从属权利要求。
将读者的注意力引向与本申请相关且对本说明书的公共查阅开放的与本申请同时或之前提交的所有论文和文档,且所有这些论文和文档通过引用并入本文。
本说明书中公开的所有特征(包括任何随附的权利要求、摘要和图)和/或这样公开的任何方法或过程的所有步骤都可以以任何组合进行组合,但至少某些此类特征和/或步骤相互排斥的组合除外。
本说明书中公开的每个特征(包括随附的权利要求、摘要和图)都可以被用于相同、等效或相似的目的替代特征替换,除非另有明确指出。因此,除非另有明确指出,否则所公开的每个特征仅是通用系列等效或类似特征的一个实例。
附图说明
现在,将参考附图,通过以下特定实施方案进一步描述本发明,这些实施方案是通过示例而不是限制的方式给出:
图1显示了根据本发明利用了分散在涂层内的涂覆玻璃片体的玻璃件沿图5中线A的示意截面图;
图2显示了根据本发明利用了分散在聚合物基膜内的涂覆玻璃片体的玻璃件的示意截面图;
图3显示了根据本发明利用了金属颗粒的玻璃件的示意截面图,所述金属颗粒分散在位于相对的主表面上的聚合物基膜内;
图4显示了根据本发明利用了分散在涂层内的涂覆玻璃片体的双层玻璃件单元的示意截面图;和
图5显示了图1所示的玻璃件的示意平面图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了根据本发明的玻璃件1沿图5中虚线A的示意截面图。玻璃件1包含玻璃片层2,其在主表面上涂有导电层3,该导电层是包含至少一个银基层的透明多层叠层。在主表面的邻近于层3的两个相对边缘的两个区域中不存在导电层3。这些区域涂有涂层4,其由分散在透明油漆中的
Figure BDA0003860376830000121
Metashine涂覆玻璃片体(可从NGF Europe Limited,St Helens,UK)组成。虽然涂有银基层的玻璃片体的存在导致这些区域表现出一定程度的雾度,但出乎意料的是,所述玻璃件既保留了低发射率,又允许电磁辐射通过玻璃件1。
图5显示了图1所示的相同玻璃件1的示意平面图。涂层4位于邻近于层3的两个相对边缘处且沿所述边缘的大部分延伸。
图2显示了根据本发明利用了分散在聚酯基膜7内的
Figure BDA0003860376830000122
Metashine涂覆玻璃片体的玻璃件5的示意截面图。玻璃件5具有与玻璃件1相同的结构,但不同的是不存在涂层4,而是膜7覆盖不存在导电层3的两个区域6。膜7通过粘合剂(未显示)附接于涂层3和片层2上。
图3显示了根据本发明利用了金属颗粒的玻璃件8的示意截面图,所述金属颗粒分散在位于玻璃片层2的相对主表面上的聚合物基膜9内。玻璃件8具有与玻璃件5相同的结构,但不同的是膜9附接于相对的第二主表面的相应区域,并包含金属颗粒而不是涂覆的玻璃片体。
图4显示了根据本发明利用分散在涂层内的涂覆玻璃片体的双层玻璃件单元10的示意截面图。单元10具有与玻璃件1相同的结构,但不同的是添加有另一玻璃片层11,该玻璃片层11通过两个间隔条12与导电层3分开。
本发明不限于所述实施方案的细节。本发明延伸到本说明书中公开的任何新颖特征或任何新颖特征的组合(包括任何随附的权利要求,摘要和图),或延伸到任何如此公开的方法或工艺的任何新颖步骤或任何新颖步骤的组合。

Claims (25)

1.玻璃件,包括:
至少一个透明基材,其包含第一主表面和相对的第二主表面,
其中所述第一主表面涂有导电层,
其中在第一主表面的一个或多个区域中不存在导电层,
其中
i)所述第一主表面的一个或多个区域,和/或
ii)相对的第二主表面的相应区域的至少一部分载有低发射率材料,并且
其中所述一个或多个区域允许电磁辐射通过该玻璃件。
2.根据权利要求1的玻璃件,其中所述第一主表面的不存在导电层的一个或多个区域的每者的至少一部分载有低发射率材料。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的玻璃件,其中所述玻璃件表现出小于0.4,优选小于0.3,更优选小于0.2,最优选小于0.1的发射率。
4.根据任一前述权利要求的玻璃件,其中低发射率材料包含涂覆的玻璃、涂覆的微珠、介电多层涂层、金属和/或金属氧化物中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求4的玻璃件,其中涂覆的玻璃和/或涂覆的微珠涂有低发射率涂层,其包含基于IR反射金属如银、金或铝或者IR反射金属氧化物如二氧化钛或氧化铝或透明导电氧化物(TCO)的至少一个层。
6.根据权利要求4或权利要求5的玻璃件,其中所述金属是银、金或铝,且所述金属氧化物是二氧化钛或氧化铝或TCO。
7.根据权利要求4到6中的任一项的玻璃件,其中低发射率材料为涂覆玻璃的颗粒和/或片体、涂覆的微珠、金属和/或金属氧化物的形式。
8.根据权利要求7的玻璃件,其中涂覆的玻璃、金属和/或金属氧化物的片体具有从0.1-10μm,优选从1-8μm,更优选从4-6μm的平均厚度。
9.根据权利要求7或权利要求8的玻璃件,其中涂覆的玻璃、金属和/或金属氧化物的片体具有从5-4000μm,优选从10-1700μm,更优选从20-500μm,最优选从25-150μm的平均直径。
10.根据权利要求7到9中任一项的玻璃件,其中涂覆的玻璃、金属和/或金属氧化物的片体具有大于或等于10,优选大于或等于15,最优选大于或等于20的纵横比,即平均直径除以平均厚度。
11.根据权利要求7到10中任一项的玻璃件,其中涂覆的玻璃、涂覆的微珠、金属和/或金属氧化物的颗粒具有1-1000μm,优选10-500μm,更优选20-300μm的平均直径。
12.根据权利要求7到11中任一项的玻璃件,其中涂覆玻璃的颗粒包含玻璃微球,其中玻璃微球可为实心或空心的。
13.根据任一前述权利要求的玻璃件,其中低发射率材料形成附接于基材的第一主表面和/或相对第二主表面的涂层和/或膜的至少一部分。
14.根据权利要求13的玻璃件,其中低发射率材料分散在涂层和/或膜中。
15.根据权利要求13或权利要求14的玻璃件,其中低发射率材料形成或者位于与玻璃接触,位于涂层和/或膜内,或者位于在涂层和/或膜的暴露表面上的层的至少一部分。
16.根据任一前述权利要求的玻璃件,其中低发射率材料的密度小于5g/cm3,优选小于3g/cm3,更优选小于2g/cm3,但优选超过0.1g/cm3,更优选超过0.5g/cm3,甚至更优选超过1g/cm3
17.根据权利要求13至16中任一项的玻璃件,其中涂层和/或膜包含至少0.5wt%的低发射率材料,优选至少1wt%,更优选至少2wt%,但优选至多15wt%,最优选至多10wt%,甚至更优选至多5wt%。
18.根据任一前述权利要求的玻璃件,其中对第一主表面的不存在导电层的一个或多个区域进行设置以允许对应于甚高频(30-300MHz,10m-1m),特高频(300-3000MHz,1m-100mm)和/或超高频(3-30GHz,100mm-10mm)的电磁辐射通过。
19.根据任一前述权利要求的玻璃件,其中第一主表面的不存在导电层和/或载有低发射率材料的一个或多个区域位于第一主表面的周边100毫米内,优选周边75毫米内,更优选周边50毫米内,甚至更优选周边30毫米内,但优选离周边至少5mm,更优选离周边至少15毫米,甚至更优选离周边至少20毫米。
20.根据任一前述权利要求的玻璃件,其中第一主表面的不存在导电层和/或载有低发射率材料的一个或多个区域被成形为条带。
21.根据权利要求20的玻璃件,其中每个条带基本平行,优选平行于第一主表面的最接近的周边边缘。
22.多层玻璃件单元,包含:
至少两个透明基材,各自包含第一主表面和相对的第二主表面,
其中至少一个透明基材在第一主表面上涂覆有导电层,
其中在第一主表面的一个或多个区域中不存在导电层,
其中:
i)所述第一主表面的一个或多个区域,和/或
ii)至少两个透明基材的不同主表面的相应区域的至少一部分载有低发射率材料,并且
其中所述一个或多个区域允许电磁辐射通过所述玻璃件。
23.根据权利要求22的多层玻璃件单元,其中至少两个透明基材的相邻透明基材被间隙分离,和/或至少一个中间层材料片层被层叠于所述基材之间。
24.根据权利要求22或权利要求23的多层玻璃件单元,其中导电层和/或低发射率材料位于两个透明基材之间,优选地,导电层和低发射率材料都位于相同的两个透明基材之间。
25.制备根据本发明的玻璃件的方法,包括:
用导电层涂覆至少一个透明基材,
其中,或者导电层通过掩模进行沉积以及/或者在沉积导电层后进行部分去除,
将低发射率材料施加于
i)所述第一主表面的一个或多个区域,和/或
ii)相对的第二主表面的相应区域的至少一部分。
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US20070178317A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-02 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Infrared shielding film-coated glass plate and process for its production
GB201218182D0 (en) 2012-10-10 2012-11-21 Pilkington Group Ltd Electromagnetic radiation permeable glazing with a sign
EP3309343B1 (en) 2016-10-11 2019-05-01 Lammin Ikkuna Oy Glazing arrangement

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EP4126776A1 (en) 2023-02-08
US11938701B2 (en) 2024-03-26
JP2023519264A (ja) 2023-05-10
GB202004302D0 (en) 2020-05-06
US20230144425A1 (en) 2023-05-11
WO2021191608A1 (en) 2021-09-30

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